Circular polarization antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

A circularly polarized antenna and communication equipment provided by the present invention belong to the field of antenna technology. A circularly polarized antenna has at least N*N (N≥1) antenna units, and the antenna units include, from top to bottom: a top metal layer, which is composed of a metal radiation patch and a parasitic coupling unit on the outer circle of the metal radiation patch; a first dielectric layer, which is provided with a metal blind hole; the height of the metal blind hole is the same as the thickness of the first dielectric layer; the metal blind hole is arranged corresponding to the metal radiation patch; an intermediate metal layer, which is etched with a coupling groove; a second dielectric layer, which is provided with a second microstrip line inside; a bottom metal layer, which is provided with a metal coaxial line; the metal coaxial line is connected to the second microstrip line; the circularly polarized antenna of the present invention has a parasitic coupling unit on the outer circle of the metal radiation patch, which effectively improves the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna and improves the antenna gain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a circularly polarized antenna and communication equipment. Background Art

[0002] Circularly polarized antennas can receive electromagnetic waves with other polarization characteristics, so that circularly polarized antennas can reduce energy loss when used to receive and transmit electromagnetic energy; circularly polarized waves have a reversal characteristic in rotation direction, that is, when circularly polarized waves are incident on simple symmetrical objects such as planes or spheres, the reflected waves will become polarized forms with opposite rotation directions. Therefore, circularly polarized waves have good characteristics of resisting rain and fog interference and eliminating multipath reflections.

[0003] However, the circularly polarized antenna in the prior art has the problems of low gain and narrow axial ratio bandwidth, which affects the application of the circularly polarized antenna in some fields. Summary of the invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the circularly polarized antenna in the prior art, such as low gain and narrow axial ratio bandwidth, thereby providing a circularly polarized antenna.

[0005] The invention also provides a communication device with a circularly polarized antenna.

[0006] The present invention provides a circularly polarized antenna having at least N*N (N≥1) antenna units, wherein the antenna units include, from top to bottom:

[0007] The top metal layer is composed of a metal radiation patch and a parasitic coupling unit on the outer ring of the metal radiation patch;

[0008] The first dielectric layer is provided with a metal blind hole; the height of the metal blind hole is the same as the thickness of the first dielectric layer; the metal blind hole is provided corresponding to the metal radiation patch;

[0009] an intermediate metal layer, etched with coupling grooves;

[0010] A second dielectric layer having a second microstrip line disposed therein;

[0011] The bottom metal layer is provided with a metal coaxial line; the metal coaxial line is connected to the second microstrip line.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the metal radiation patches have four pieces, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction;

[0013] The metal radiation patch comprises:

[0014] The first metal radiation patch comprises two pieces arranged opposite to each other; a gap is formed between the two pieces of the first metal radiation patch;

[0015] The second metal radiation patch comprises two pieces arranged opposite to each other; the two pieces of the second metal radiation patch are connected via a first microstrip line.

[0016] As a preferred solution, the metal radiation patch is elliptical.

[0017] As a preferred solution, the coupling slot is arranged in the middle of the metal radiation patch.

[0018] As a preferred solution, the coupling slot has a shape that gradually widens from the center toward both sides.

[0019] As a preferred solution, the metal blind hole is cylindrical and is located directly below the metal radiation patch.

[0020] As a preferred solution, the parasitic coupling unit is composed of four parasitic coupling plates; the four parasitic coupling plates are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

[0021] As a preferred solution, a closed feeding shielding cavity is arranged on the second dielectric layer around the second microstrip line; the height of the feeding shielding cavity is the same as the thickness of the second dielectric layer.

[0022] As a preferred solution, the parasitic coupling plate is in an arc shape.

[0023] As a preferred solution, the second microstrip line is arranged in the middle of the thickness of the second dielectric layer.

[0024] The present invention also provides a communication device, comprising any one of the circularly polarized antennas described above.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. The circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention has a parasitic coupling unit arranged on the outer ring of the metal radiation patch, which effectively improves the axial ratio bandwidth and antenna gain of the antenna.

[0027] 2. The circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention, the metal radiation patch includes: two first metal radiation patches and two second metal radiation patches; the two first metal radiation patches and the gap together constitute a magnetic dipole; the two second metal radiation patches are connected by a first microstrip line to constitute an electric dipole, wherein the function of the first microstrip line is to make the excitation produce a phase difference of 90°.

[0028] 3. The circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention has a feeding shielding cavity arranged in the second dielectric layer, which can reduce energy leakage during the feeding process and effectively improve the feeding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top metal layer structure from above.

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic top view of the structure of the first dielectric layer is shown.

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure of the intermediate metal layer shown.

[0034] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second medium is shown.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna unit of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of |S11| of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 1.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the gain simulation results of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 1.

[0038] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the axial ratio simulation results of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 1.

[0039] Fig.10 This is a top view of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 2.

[0040] Fig.11 This is a simulation result diagram of |S11| of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 2.

[0041] Fig.12 This is a graph showing the gain simulation results of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 2.

[0042] Fig.13 This is a diagram of the axial ratio simulation results of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 2.

[0043] Fig.14This is the simulation result of the radiation pattern of the circularly polarized antenna of Example 2.

[0044] Description of reference numerals:

[0045] 1. Top metal layer; 2. First dielectric layer; 3. Middle metal layer; 4. Second dielectric layer; 5. Bottom metal layer; 6. First metal radiation patch; 7. Second metal radiation patch; 8. First microstrip line; 9. Parasitic coupling plate; 10. Metal blind hole; 11. Coupling slot; 12. Second microstrip line; 13. Feed shielding cavity; 14. Metal coaxial line; 15. Antenna unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment is composed of one antenna unit 15, such as Figure 1 As shown, each antenna unit 15 includes, from top to bottom, a top metal layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a middle metal layer 3, a second dielectric layer 4 and a bottom metal layer 5;

[0052] The top metal layer 1 is composed of a metal radiation patch and a parasitic coupling unit; Figure 2 As shown, the metal radiation patch includes a first metal radiation patch 6 and a second metal radiation patch 7; the first metal radiation patch 6 has two pieces arranged opposite to each other, a gap is provided between the two pieces of the first metal radiation patch, and the two pieces of the first metal radiation patch 6 and the gap together constitute a magnetic dipole antenna;

[0053] The second metal radiation patch 7 has two pieces arranged opposite to each other, and the two pieces of the second metal radiation patch 7 are connected by a first microstrip line 8 to form an electric dipole antenna, wherein the function of the first microstrip line 8 is to make the phase of the excitation change to 90°.

[0054] The shape of the metal radiation patch can be rectangular, conical, trapezoidal or elliptical, etc., and the preferred shape in this embodiment is elliptical; the ratio of the major axis and the wide axis of the ellipse can also be changed arbitrarily; at the same time, the first metal radiation patch 6 and the second metal radiation patch 7 are arranged in sequence and evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0055] A parasitic coupling unit is arranged on the outer circle of the metal radiation patch, and the parasitic coupling unit is composed of four parasitic coupling plates 9 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction; the shape of the parasitic coupling plate 9 can be rectangular, triangular, circular arc, etc.; the present embodiment is preferably circular arc; wherein, the arc length and curvature of the circular arc parasitic coupling plate 9 can be changed arbitrarily; by arranging the parasitic coupling unit on the top metal layer 1, the axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively improved.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, four metal blind holes 10 are arranged on the first dielectric layer 2. The metal blind holes 10 are arranged at the lower end of the metal radiation patch, and the metal blind holes 10 are metal cylinders.

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, a top view of the intermediate metal layer 3; the intermediate metal layer 3 is a square metal patch, which is the ground of the antenna; a coupling slot 11 is etched on the intermediate metal layer 3; the coupling slot 11 is set in the middle of the metal radiation patch; the two ends of the coupling slot 11 gradually widen. The metal radiation patch is electrically connected to the intermediate metal layer 3 through the metal blind hole 10.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, a second microstrip line 12 is arranged in the middle of the thickness of the second dielectric layer 4, and a closed feeding shielding cavity 13 is arranged around the second microstrip line 12, and the height of the feeding shielding cavity 13 is the same as the thickness of the second dielectric layer 4; the shape of the feeding shielding cavity 13 can be circular or rectangular, etc.; in this embodiment, a square is selected.

[0059] The bottom metal layer 5 is a square patch of the same size as the middle metal layer 3 and is also the ground of the antenna;

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, the second microstrip line 12 of the second dielectric layer 4 is connected to the bottom metal layer 5 through a metal coaxial line 14, the second microstrip line 12 is fed through the metal coaxial line 14, and the second microstrip line 12 feeds the magnetic dipole and the electric dipole through the coupling slot 11; through the setting of the feeding shielding cavity 13, the energy leakage during the feeding process is greatly reduced, thereby effectively improving the feeding efficiency.

[0061] A simulation experiment was conducted on the circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, and the software platform used for the simulation experiment was: HFSS19.0;

[0062] Simulate the parameters of circularly polarized antennas in the 29GHz-31.5GHz frequency band, including |S11|, gain, axial ratio, and radiation pattern;

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 29GHz-32GHz;

[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, the antenna gain can reach 9.5dB;

[0065] like Fig. 9 As shown, the in-band fluctuation is less than 1dB;

[0066] From the above, it can be seen that the feed port is well matched in this frequency band; within the working frequency band of the antenna, the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 2dB. The performance requirements of high gain and low axial ratio are achieved, and the performance parameters are significantly improved.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment is composed of the antenna units 15N*N (N≥2) described in Embodiment 1; Fig.10 As shown, a circularly polarized antenna is composed of 5*5 antenna units 15 in a certain order; the antenna units 15 are arranged in a sequentially shifted row of five rows and five columns; at the same time, changing the spacing between the antenna units 15 can increase the isolation between the antenna units 15; compared with the circularly polarized antenna composed of one antenna unit 15 in Example 1, the axial ratio and gain of the 5*5 circularly polarized antenna are further optimized.

[0069] A simulation experiment was conducted on the circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment, and the software platform used for the simulation experiment was: HFSS19.0;

[0070] Simulate the parameters of circularly polarized antennas in the 29GHz-31.5GHz frequency band, including |S11|, gain, axial ratio, and radiation pattern;

[0071] like Fig.11As shown, the antenna impedance bandwidth is 29 GHz to 32 GHz;

[0072] like Fig.12 As shown, the antenna gain can reach 21dB;

[0073] like Fig.13 As shown, the in-band fluctuation is less than 1dB, indicating that the feed port is well matched within this frequency band;

[0074] like Fig.14 As shown, within the working frequency band of the antenna, the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 1.8 dB.

[0075] It can be seen from the above that the circularly polarized antenna provided in this embodiment achieves the performance requirements of high gain and low axial ratio, and the performance parameters are significantly optimized.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A communication device provided in this embodiment includes the circularly polarized antenna described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2.

[0078] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A circularly polarized antenna, characterized in that: The invention has at least N*N (N≥1) antenna units (15), and the antenna units (15) include, from top to bottom: A top metal layer (1), consisting of a metal radiation patch and a parasitic coupling unit on the outer ring of the metal radiation patch; The metal radiation patches have four pieces, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction; The metal radiation patch comprises: The first metal radiation patch (6) comprises two pieces arranged opposite to each other; a gap is formed between the two pieces of the first metal radiation patch (6); The second metal radiation patch (7) comprises two pieces arranged opposite to each other; the two pieces of the second metal radiation patch (7) are connected via a first microstrip line (8); The first dielectric layer (2) is provided with a metal blind hole (10); the height of the metal blind hole (10) is the same as the thickness of the first dielectric layer (2); the metal blind hole (10) is arranged corresponding to the metal radiation patch; The middle metal layer (3) is etched with a coupling groove (11), wherein the coupling groove (11) is arranged in the middle of the metal radiation patch; the coupling groove (11) is shaped to gradually widen from the center toward both sides; A second dielectric layer (4) is provided with a second microstrip line (12) inside, and the second dielectric layer (4) is provided with a closed feeding shielding cavity (13) around the second microstrip line (12); the height of the feeding shielding cavity (13) is the same as the thickness of the second dielectric layer (4); The bottom metal layer (5) is provided with a metal coaxial line (14); the metal coaxial line (14) is connected to the second microstrip line (12).

2. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal radiation patch is oval in shape.

3. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal blind hole (10) is cylindrical and is located directly below the metal radiation patch.

4. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The parasitic coupling unit is composed of four parasitic coupling plates (9); the four parasitic coupling plates (9) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

5. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The parasitic coupling plate (9) is in an arc shape.

6. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second microstrip line (12) is arranged at a middle position of the thickness of the second dielectric layer (4).

7. A communication device, characterized in that: The invention comprises the circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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