Reallocation and reservation of resources for high priority communications and QoS feedback

Abstract

Methods for reallocation and reservation of resources for high priority communications, for Quality of Service (QoS) feedback, and for handling specific events in a wireless communication network are described in the field of wireless communications. Embodiments relate to implementation of such methods by an entity of a wireless communication network or system for performing sidelink communications such as V2X Mode 3 or Mode 4 UEs. In particular, improved methods for reallocation and reservation of resources for high priority communications, for QoS feedback, and for handling specific events in a wireless communication network are proposed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically, to methods for reallocation and reservation of resources for high priority communications, quality of service (QoS) feedback, and for handling specific events in a wireless communication network. Embodiments relate to implementation of such methods by entities of a wireless communication network or system for performing sidelink communications such as V2X Mode 3 or Mode 4 UEs. Background Art

[0002] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a terrestrial wireless network 100 including a core network 102 and a radio access network 104. The radio access network 104 may include a plurality of base stations gNB1 to gNB5, each serving a specific area around the base station schematically illustrated by respective cells 1061 to 1065. The base stations are provided to serve users within the cells. The term base station (BS) refers to a gNB in ​​a 5G network, an eNB in ​​UMTS / LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A Pro, or simply a BS in other mobile communication standards. Users may be fixed devices or mobile devices. In addition, the wireless communication system may be accessed through mobile or fixed IoT devices connected to the base stations or users. Mobile devices or IoT devices may include physical devices, ground vehicles such as robots or cars, aerial vehicles such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the latter also referred to as drones, buildings and other items or devices having embedded therein electronic devices, software, sensors, actuators, etc., and network connections that enable these devices to collect and exchange data over existing network infrastructure. Figure 1 An exemplary view of only five cells is shown, however, the wireless communication system may include many more such cells. Figure 1 Two users UE1 and UE2, also referred to as user equipment UE, are shown in cell 1062 and served by base station gNB2. Another user UE3 is shown in cell 1064 served by base station gNB4. Arrows 1081, 1082 and 1083 schematically represent uplink / downlink connections for transmitting data from users UE1, UE2 and UE3 to base stations gNB2, gNB4 or for transmitting data from base stations gNB2, gNB4 to users UE1, UE2, UE3. In addition, Figure 1Two IoT devices 1101 and 1102 are shown in a cell 1064, which may be fixed or mobile devices. IoT device 1101 accesses the wireless communication system via base station gNB4 to receive and send data, as schematically indicated by arrow 1121. IoT device 1102 accesses the wireless communication system via user UE3, as schematically indicated by arrow 1122. Each base station gNB1 to gNB5 may be connected to the core network 102, for example via an S1 interface, via corresponding backhaul links 1141 to 1145, which are connected to the core network 102 via S1 interfaces. Figure 1 The core network 102 may be connected to one or more external networks. In addition, some or all of the base stations gNB1 to gNB5 may be connected to each other via respective backhaul links 1161 to 1165, for example, via the S1 or X2 interface or XN interface in the NR. Figure 1 This is schematically represented by an arrow pointing to the “gNB”.

[0003] For data transmission, a physical resource grid may be used. The physical resource grid may include a set of resource elements to which various physical channels and physical signals are mapped. For example, a physical channel may include a physical downlink and uplink shared channel (PDSCH, PUSCH) carrying user-specific data, also known as downlink and uplink payload data, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying, for example, a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB), and a physical downlink and uplink control channel (PDCCH, PUCCH) carrying, for example, downlink control information (DCI), etc. For the uplink, the physical channel may also include a physical random access channel (PRACH or RACH), which is used by the UE to access the network once the UE is synchronized and obtains the MIB and SIB. Physical signals may include reference signals (RS), synchronization signals, etc. The resource grid may include frames or radio frames having a specific duration in the time domain and a given bandwidth in the frequency domain. A frame may have a certain number of subframes of a predetermined length. Each subframe may include 6 or 7 OFDM symbols of two time slots, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) length. A frame may also include a smaller number of OFDM symbols, for example, when utilizing a shortened transmission time interval (sTTI) or a mini-slot / non-slot based frame structure including only a few OFDM symbols.

[0004] The wireless communication system may be any single tone or multi-carrier system using frequency division multiplexing, such as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, or any other IFFT-based signal with or without CP, such as DFT-s-OFDM. Other waveforms, such as non-orthogonal waveforms for multiple access, may use filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), or universal filter multi-carrier (UFMC), for example. The wireless communication system may operate, for example, according to the LTE-Advanced pro standard or the 5G or NR (New Radio) standard.

[0005] Figure 1 The wireless network or communication system depicted in the figure may be composed of a heterogeneous network set having two different overlapping networks, one being a macro cell network, each macro cell including a macro base station such as base stations gNB1 to gNB5, and a network of small cell base stations such as femto base stations or pico base stations ( Figure 1 not shown).

[0006] In addition to the above-mentioned terrestrial wireless networks, there are also non-terrestrial wireless communication networks, including spaceborne transceivers such as satellites and / or airborne transceivers such as drone systems. Non-terrestrial wireless communication networks or systems can be based on the above reference Figure 1 The described terrestrial systems operate in a similar manner, for example according to the LTE-Advanced pro standard or the 5G or NR (New Radio) standard.

[0007] The wireless communication network as described above may be applied to provide a specific service to a UE in a RAN with a specific quality of service QoS. The QoS may be monitored in the wireless communication network. For example, in LTE, the QoS may be determined on a per-evolved packet system EPS bearer basis as described in detail in reference [1], while in NR, the QoS may be determined on a per-flow basis as described in detail in reference [2]. Reference [2] relates to Allocation / Reservation Priority (ARP) which determines whether pre-allocated resources should be reallocated based on a higher priority service in LTE and NR. ARP ranges from 1-15 levels and may be described by preemption capability, which defines whether a service data flow may acquire resources already allocated to another service data flow with a lower priority level, and by preemption vulnerability information, which defines whether a service data flow may lose resources allocated to it in order to allow a service data flow with a higher priority level. As described in reference [3], the preemption capability and preemption may consist of a "yes" or "no" flag depending on the priority of the service. ARP may be considered when creating a new EPS bearer in a fully loaded wireless network, i.e. a network that currently has insufficient resources. An emergency VoIP call is a typical example where an existing bearer is removed in case an emergency call has to be made.

[0008] In the context of LTE, the network entities that handle monitoring and reporting to application servers in the EPS are the Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) and the Mobility Management Entity (MME). Figure 4 .2-2, the 3GPP architecture for service capability exposure in EPS is described in detail in reference [4]. Figure 4 .2 The process of configuring and deleting monitoring events on the MME / SGSN is also described in detail in reference [4].

[0009] In the context of NR, the network entities that handle monitoring and reporting to the application server in 5GS are the Access and Mobility Management (AMF) and the Network Exposure Function (NEF). Figure 4 .15.3.2.3-1 describes the event exposure using NEF in detail, and the list of event-based monitoring capabilities and the corresponding network functions (NFs) for detecting events are indicated in Table 4.15.3.1-1 of reference [5].

[0010] In a mobile communication network, for example, in a network similar to the one referenced above Figure 1In the described network, such as an LTE or 5G / NR network, there may be UEs that communicate directly with each other via one or more side link (SL) channels, for example, using a PC5 interface. UEs that communicate directly with each other via side links may include vehicles that communicate directly with other vehicles (V2V communication), vehicles that communicate with other entities of a wireless communication network (V2X communication), such as roadside entities such as traffic lights, traffic signs, or pedestrians. Other UEs may not be vehicle-related UEs and may include any of the above-mentioned devices. Such devices may also communicate directly with each other (D2D communication) using SL channels.

[0011] When considering two UEs communicating directly with each other via a side link, the two UEs may be served by the same base station, i.e., the two UEs may be within the coverage area of ​​the base station, such as Figure 1 This is referred to as an "in-coverage" scenario. According to other examples, two UEs communicating via a sidelink may not be served by a base station, which is referred to as an "out-of-coverage" scenario. Note that "out-of-coverage" does not mean that the two UEs are not Figure 1 Instead, it means that these UEs are not connected to the base station, for example, they are not yet in the RRC connected state. Another scenario is called a "partial coverage" scenario, according to which one of the two UEs communicating with each other via the side link is served by the base station, while the other UE is not served by the base station.

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a situation in which two UEs communicating directly with each other are both within the coverage of a base station. The base station gNB has a coverage area schematically represented by a circle 200, which substantially corresponds to Figure 1 UEs communicating directly with each other include a first vehicle 202 and a second vehicle 204 within the coverage area 200 of the base station gNB. Both vehicles 202, 204 are connected to the base station gNB and, in addition, are directly connected to each other via a PC5 interface. The gNB assists in scheduling and / or interference management of V2V traffic via control signaling over the Uu interface, which is the radio interface between the base station and the UE. The gNB allocates resources for V2V communication via a side link. This configuration is also referred to as a Mode 3 configuration.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a situation where a UE is not within the coverage of a base station, i.e., although the individual UEs communicating directly with each other may be physically located within a cell of the wireless communication network, they are not connected to the base station. Three vehicles 206, 208, and 210 are shown communicating directly with each other on a side link, for example, by using a PC5 interface. The scheduling and / or interference management of V2V traffic is based on an algorithm implemented between the vehicles. This configuration is also referred to as a Mode 4 configuration. As described above, Figure 3The scenario of out-of-coverage does not mean that the corresponding Mode 4 UE is outside the coverage 200 of the base station, but means that the corresponding Mode 4 UE is not served by the base station or is not connected to the base station in the coverage area. Therefore, the following situations may exist: Figure 2 In the coverage area 200 shown in FIG. 1 , in addition to the mode 3 UEs 202 and 204 , there are also mode 4 UEs 206 , 208 , and 210 .

[0014] When running vertical applications (e.g., V2X applications) on cellular networks such as 3GPP EPS or 5GS, information about network conditions (e.g., congestion) may help the application adjust itself to the network capabilities. The network conditions may include the state of the network at that time and / or a prediction of the state of the network. When considering V2X as an example application, the importance of network status feedback can be illustrated for various scenarios and use cases.

[0015] For V2X applications in 3GPP standardization, the benefits and necessity of network feedback to the applications have been recognized:

[0016] - "In a V2X scenario, for a given CoR (class of requirement), the LoA (level of automation) may be adjusted in a range between 1 and 5, and such adjustment in LoA may be a result of specific network conditions (e.g., congestion). The V2X application may monitor the network conditions and adjust the LoA for a given CoR corresponding to the V2X scenario. This change in LoA shall also be communicated by the V2X application server to the V2X UE." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 5.2]

[0017] - "[AR-6.3.2-a] The V2X Application Enabler Server shall enable the V2X Application Dedicated Server to monitor the network status and monitor the QoS of a single V2X UE or a group of V2X UEs in total (supporting V2X services and in proximity) and in an ongoing conference." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 6.3.2]

[0018] - "[AR-6.3.2-b] The 3GPP network system (EPS / 5GS) shall be able to report changes in QoS for the V2X UE to the V2X Application Enabler Server." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 6.3.2]

[0019] In the traditional 5G core network 5GC, if the GBFR bit rate (guaranteed flow bit rate) drops below the guaranteed rate, a notification is sent to the application. However:

[0020] - This notification is limited to GFBR traffic only and does not apply to other flow types;

[0021] - In case of degradation of any other QoS factor, e.g. latency or PDB, this notification is not present;

[0022] - There is no notification to the application about the improvement in rate or any other QoS factor, such as RAN bit rate.

[0023] Therefore, traditional notifications cannot handle the network monitoring required by vertical applications such as V2. In addition to the notification mechanism, in the core network of traditional systems such as EPC and 5GC, there is also a mechanism to expose certain events or capabilities of the network to applications. However, such network exposure capabilities enable reliable and efficient performance of vertical applications such as V2X. Therefore, in many cases, such as in vehicle scenarios where limited resources or specific events in the system need to be addressed, traditional methods of handling high-priority transmissions and handling QoS are not enough.

[0024] Note that the information in the above section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0025] Starting from the prior art discussed above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for reallocation and reservation of resources for high priority communications in wireless communication networks, for QoS feedback and for handling specific events.

[0026] This object is achieved by the subject matter defined in the independent claims and advantageous further developments are defined in the dependent claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a situation in which UEs communicating directly with each other are within the coverage of a base station;

[0030] Figure 3 shows a scenario in which UEs communicating directly with each other are not within the coverage of a base station, i.e., are not connected to the base station;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system for communicating information between a transmitter and one or more receivers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system operable according to the inventive principles described herein;

[0033] Figure 6 Shown is a suspension of transmission to free up resources to be used for higher priority services according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 shows the SPS configuration information element IE modified according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematically illustrates an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a signaling diagram of an embodiment for monitoring RAN conditions;

[0037] Fig.10 is a signaling diagram for vehicle UE QoS feedback adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.11 An embodiment of an extended HandoverRequest IE according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Fig.12 An embodiment of an extended MobilityControlInfo IE according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Fig.13 An embodiment of modifying a conventional monitoring procedure to obtain RAN status is shown;

[0041] Fig.14 is a signaling diagram of an embodiment of RPSI processing in 5GS using NWDAF;

[0042] Figure 15 shows an embodiment of the fourth aspect of creating a critical fault message and sending a push notification message to an application, wherein Figure 15(A) relates to an embodiment in which a network detects a critical condition or fault, Figure 15(b) relates to an embodiment in which an application server detects a critical condition or fault, and Figure 15(c) relates to an embodiment in which a UE detects a critical condition or fault.

[0043] Fig.16 An example of a computer system is shown, on which the units or modules and steps of the method described according to the method of the present invention can be executed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar elements have the same reference numerals.

[0045] 3GPP defines several use cases for NR V2X, such as vehicle platooning, extended sensors, advanced driving, and remote driving. To enable such use cases, the new technologies used in 5G NR can be combined with the reuse of existing LTE V2X mechanisms. 5G NR networks can accommodate a variety of numbers and subcarrier spacing SCS, so the NR V2X network can use multiple resource pools carrying different SCS. The selection of the relevant resource pool with a given SCS can depend on the application service requesting resources for transmission. It is up to the application to decide the expected QoS level from the network based on the service provided. For example, in LTE, 8 different levels of priority and reliability can be assigned to the V2X broadcast service. In the example where the application requests a high priority, the resource pool numbers with higher SCS can be mainly selected to meet the latency requirements. The base station BS can ensure that it meets the priority and reliability requirements in mode 3 operation. NR currently supports the following numbers:

[0046] μ <![CDATA[Δf=2 μ ·15[kHz]]]> Cyclic prefix Slot length Time slot per subframe 0 15 normal 1ms 1 time slot 1 30 normal 0.5ms 2 time slots 2 60 Normal, Extended 0.25ms 4 time slots 3 120 normal 0.125ms 8 time slots 4 240 normal 0.0625ms Only for sync, not for data.

[0047] SCS supported in NR (see references [6] and [7])

[0048] The initial “vehicle-to-surface information exchange” V2X specification was included in Release 14 of the 3GPP standards. Compared to the original device-to-device D2D communication standards, the scheduling and allocation of resources have been modified according to the V2X requirements. From a resource allocation perspective, cellular V2X operates in the two configurations mentioned above - Mode 3 and Mode 4. A V2X UE operating in Mode 3 obtains scheduling information for sidelink SL transmissions from a base station such as BS, eNB or gNB, while in Mode 4 the UE performs resource selection autonomously. Vehicles can also transmit messages in one of two ways: at fixed intervals over a duration, which is called semi-persistent scheduling SPS transmissions, or only once in a single instance, i.e., once, OS transmission. For each of these transmissions, each broadcasted packet has ProSe Per-Packet Priority (PPPP) and ProSe Per-Packet Reliability (PPPR) indicators, which indicate the level of priority and reliability required for the packet in question in a given application.

[0049] Enhanced V2X addresses the implementation of a specific quality of service (QoS) for a given application service. For example, when the traffic in the resource pool is high, such as V2X traffic, it means that there is a high occupancy rate in the pool. In the case of mode 3, the BS may not be able to provide the expected QoS requirements for a given application. In the case of mode 4 SL transmission, the UE can autonomously allocate resources without any guarantee of QoS requirements.

[0050] The problem with traditional implementations is that some critical applications, especially those that transmit high-priority messages and require high reliability, may not function as expected in such scenarios, thus affecting the performance of the required services. Moreover, any information that the required QoS cannot be met may be passed back from the RAN to the application.

[0051] This is addressed by various aspects of the invention described in more detail below.Although various aspects will be described separately, it should be noted that two or more or all aspects may be combined.

[0052] Aspect 1: Sidelink Pause / Resume / Transfer Priority

[0053] Embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention may be Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The wireless communication system is implemented in the wireless communication system shown in , and the wireless communication system includes a base station and a user, such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. Figure 4 is used for the transmitter 300 and one or more receivers 3021 to 302 n Schematic diagram of a wireless communication system for transmitting information between. A transmitter 300 and a receiver 302 may communicate via wireless communication links or channels 304a, 304b, 304c, such as radio links. The transmitter 300 may include one or more antennas ANT coupled to each other. T or an antenna array having multiple antenna elements, a signal processor 300a and a transceiver 300b. The receiver 302 includes one or more antennas ANT R or an antenna array having a plurality of antennas coupled to each other, a signal processor 302a1, 302a n and transceivers 302b1, 302b n .

[0054] According to an embodiment, for example, Figure 2 As shown in , the transmitter 300 may be a base station, and the receiver may be a UE. The base station 300 and the UE 302 may communicate via respective first wireless communication links 304a and 304b using a Uu interface, such as a radio link, and the UE 302 may communicate with each other via a second wireless communication link 304c using a PC5 interface, such as a radio link.

[0055] According to an embodiment, for example, Figure 3 As shown in , the transmitter 300 may be a first UE, and the receiver may be another UE. The first UE 300 and the other UE 302 may communicate via respective wireless communication links 304a to 304c, such as a radio link using a PC5 interface.

[0056] Transmitter 300 and one or more receivers 302 may operate in accordance with the inventive teachings described herein.

[0057] Sidelink pause / resume / transfer priority

[0058] The present invention provides an apparatus for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a resource set including a plurality of resources allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0059] wherein the apparatus is configured to receive a signal if there are insufficient resources in the set of resources for an upcoming first transmission, and

[0060] The signal causes the device to stop the ongoing second transmission so as to release resources used to send or receive the first transmission.

[0061] According to the embodiment:

[0062] stopping the ongoing second transmission includes pausing the second transmission for a predetermined time or pause interval, and

[0063] The signal includes a message indicating a pause interval during which the second transmission is to be paused, the interval being selected to accommodate the sending or receiving of the first transmission.

[0064] According to an embodiment, the message further indicates a configuration to be used when resuming the second transmission once the first transmission has been completed, the message indicating the configuration to be used when resuming the second transmission, the configuration being the same configuration used for the initial second transmission, or

[0065] One of a variety of other configurations known at the device, or

[0066] New configuration.

[0067] According to the embodiment:

[0068] The respective transmissions include at least one or more third transmissions having a third priority level, the first priority level and the second priority level being higher than the third priority level, and

[0069] The wireless communication system provides a plurality of resource sets, the plurality of resource sets comprising a first resource set and a second resource set, the first resource set comprising resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and the second resource set comprising resources to be allocated for the third transmission.

[0070] According to an embodiment, the resources include multiple subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing SCS of the resources in the first resource set is higher than the SCS of the resources in the second resource set.

[0071] According to the embodiment:

[0072] The transport has a specific low latency and / or high reliability and / or a given quota requirement associated with it to ensure that the application service meets the required Quality of Service (QoS), and

[0073] If the specific low latency and high reliability and quota requirements of the second transmission can be met, stopping the ongoing second transmission on the resources to be released includes reallocating resources in the second resource set for the second transmission.

[0074] According to an embodiment, the second transmission is buffered in a buffer of the apparatus, wherein the apparatus is configured to

[0075] If the communication range to the destination of the second transmission has exceeded the maximum communication range, or

[0076] If the first transmission has exceeded the timer,

[0077] The buffered second transmission is then flushed from the buffer.

[0078] According to the embodiment:

[0079] The first transmission includes a message having a first priority level associated therewith, and the second transmission includes a message having a second priority level associated therewith, and

[0080] The first message comprises one or more of an emergency message and a safety-related message, such as an accident warning message, a road hazard warning, or an incoming emergency vehicle message.

[0081] According to the embodiment:

[0082] The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of base stations gNB and a plurality of user equipments UE, wherein the apparatus comprises a UE,

[0083] The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a side link, and

[0084] The UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, and

[0085] The resources in the resource set used for the side link communication with the one or more other UEs are scheduled by the eNB.

[0086] According to the embodiment:

[0087] The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of user equipments UE, wherein the apparatus comprises a UE,

[0088] The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a side link, and

[0089] The UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, wherein the UE is configured to autonomously schedule resources in the set of resources for the sidelink communication.

[0090] According to an embodiment, the signal comprises a sidelink control information SCI message, the SCI message causing one or more other UEs occupying resources declared in the SCI message to be used for the first transmission to suspend or transfer the second transmission.

[0091] According to an embodiment, the priority of a message is statically mapped to a corresponding service.

[0092] According to an embodiment, the resource set includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or non-contiguous in the frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent in the time domain.

[0093] According to an embodiment, the collection of resources defines a resource pool.

[0094] The present invention provides a transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a predefined resource set including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0095] Wherein, in the case where there are not enough resources in the resource set for the upcoming first transmission, the transmitter is configured to

[0096] - signalling to the receiver to stop the ongoing second transmission in order to release resources used by the second transmission, and

[0097] - reallocating the released resources for use in said first transmission.

[0098] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to determine

[0099] The percentage of used resources in the resource set reaches a predefined threshold, or the percentage of unused resources in the resource set drops below a predefined threshold, or

[0100] There are not enough unused resources in the set of resources to allocate to the first transmission.

[0101] Therefore, according to the embodiments of the first aspect, since the transmitter has the ability to interrupt lower priority transmissions for which resources have been granted, the transmitter can make resource allocations in a highly congested resource pool. For example, in the case where the UE is out of coverage and operating in Mode 4 (see Figure 3 ), the UE may send a Side Link Control Information (SCI) message for a higher priority transmission, such as an emergency or safety-related message, and other UEs occupying the resources described in the SCI of the higher transmission may suspend or transfer their lower priority transmissions, thereby giving priority to the higher priority transmission. According to an embodiment, the MAC layer may be responsible for priority processing of packets arriving at the physical layer, and in the case where a grant has been allocated for a low priority message in a congested resource pool and transmission has begun on the SL, the solution of the present invention allows resources to be reallocated to a higher priority message. According to an embodiment, a network entity such as a BS or a UE may suspend or transfer a lower priority transmission so that resources can be reallocated for a higher priority transmission. In addition, if the requirements of the transmission can be met, the BS may reallocate resources for the second transmission in an alternative resource pool according to the QoS criteria, for example, to a resource pool of a lower SCS for lower priority transmissions.

[0102] In the case of Mode 3 UE, an embodiment may support signaling of SPS suspension or transfer. Since resources may be reserved for transmission only in a semi-statically scheduled (SPS) manner, according to an embodiment, a new parameter in the SPS configuration may be used to describe the suspension or transfer interval or reduced frequency interval (SPS interval).

[0103] In the case of a Mode 4 UE, an embodiment causes a UE occupying resources for a low priority transmission to suspend or divert the transmission until a higher priority transmission has completed. The priorities of the packets sent may be mapped to the corresponding V2X services and may be assumed to be static and secure, e.g., the mapping may be hard-coded to prevent V2X applications from interfering and manipulating priorities for their own benefit in the case of a Mode 4 UE.

[0104] Second aspect:

[0105] The second aspect of the present invention can be implemented in the following manner: Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The wireless communication system described in the embodiment further includes a base station and a user, such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device, as described above. Figure 4 The transmitter 300 and the one or more receivers 302 may operate according to the inventive principles described herein.

[0106] Occupancy threshold

[0107] The present invention provides a transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resource sets including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0108] Wherein, when the occupancy rate of the resource set reaches a predefined threshold, the transmitter is configured to

[0109] - reserving a certain number of unoccupied resources in the set of resources for the first transmission, and

[0110] - allocating the reserved resources for said first transmission.

[0111] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to reserve the certain amount of unoccupied resources when a certain occupancy or traffic load threshold has been reached.

[0112] According to an embodiment, once the occupancy or traffic load threshold has been reached, the transmitter is configured to:

[0113] - start allocating the reserved resources only for the first transmission, and

[0114] - Stop allocating resources for the second transmission.

[0115] According to the embodiment:

[0116] The transmissions include at least a third transmission having a third priority level, the first priority level and the second priority level being higher than the third priority level, and

[0117] The wireless communication system provides multiple resource sets, the multiple resource sets include a first resource set and a second resource set, the first resource set includes resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and the second resource set includes a second resource set to be allocated for the third transmission.

[0118] According to the embodiment:

[0119] The transport has specific low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or quota requirements associated with it to ensure that the application service meets the required Quality of Service (QoS), and

[0120] In response to stopping allocating resources for the second transmission, the transmitter is configured to allocate resources in the second resource set for the second transmission if the specific low latency and / or high reliability and / or quota requirements of the second transmission can be met.

[0121] According to an embodiment, the resources include multiple subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing SCS of the resources in the first resource set is higher than the SCS of the resources in the second resource set.

[0122] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to select the amount of resources to be reserved for the first transmission based on a real-time load or based on an expected load of the set of resources.

[0123] According to the embodiment:

[0124] The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of base stations gNB and a plurality of user equipments UE, wherein the transmitter comprises a gNB,

[0125] The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a side link, and

[0126] The UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, and

[0127] The resources in the resource set used for the sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs are scheduled by the gNB.

[0128] According to the embodiment:

[0129] The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of user equipments UE, wherein the transmitter comprises one of the UEs,

[0130] The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a side link, and

[0131] The UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, wherein the UE is configured to autonomously schedule resources in the set of resources for the sidelink communication.

[0132] According to an embodiment, the resource set includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or non-contiguous in the frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent in the time domain.

[0133] According to an embodiment, the collection of resources defines a resource pool.

[0134] Thus, embodiments of the second aspect revolve around preemptively protecting resources in a resource pool for high priority transmissions under the condition that a certain occupancy or traffic load threshold has been reached. This is a further embodiment of ensuring that, for example, a high priority SL transmission occurs without delay. A small fixed set of resources reserved for high priority transmissions may be based on the real-time load or expected load of the resource pool. According to an embodiment, the reservation may only be activated when the occupancy of the resource pool has reached this predefined threshold.

[0135] The third aspect:

[0136] The third aspect of the present invention can be implemented in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The wireless communication system shown is implemented in the figure, and the wireless communication system includes a base station and a user, such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. Figure 5 3 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 308 having a core network 310 to which an application server 312 may be connected. The application server runs an application to provide a specific service to a receiver with a specific quality of service QoS. In addition, the system includes a radio access network RAN ​​314 coupled to the core network 310, and the RAN 314 includes a plurality of transmitters and receivers. The wireless communication system 308 may operate according to the inventive teachings described herein.

[0137] QOS Feedback

[0138] The present invention provides a wireless communication system, comprising

[0139] a radio access network RAN, the RAN comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, and

[0140] a core network CN coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network CN, the application server being configured to run an application, the application being configured to provide a specific service to a receiver in the RAN,

[0141] The wireless communication system is configured to obtain the state of at least part of the RAN and inform the application and / or a receiver running the service provided by the application of the RAN state and / or any changes in the RAN state, wherein the performance of the service depends on the RAN state, so that the application can correct its requirements accordingly.

[0142] According to the present invention:

[0143] - the performance comprises a Quality of Service QoS, and the application requests the network and / or the wireless communication system to provide a service to the receiver with a certain QoS, and

[0144] - The wireless communication system is configured to use the RAN status to determine whether the specific QoS can be met by the RAN, and to signal to the application and / or to the receiver that the specific QoS can or cannot be met.

[0145] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system is configured as follows:

[0146] - in response to a request from the application, or

[0147] - in response to a specific event in the RAN, or

[0148] - at certain intervals, for example set by the application,

[0149] To obtain the status of the RAN.

[0150] According to the present invention, the specific event in the RAN includes one or more of the following:

[0151] - a failure or malfunction of one or more RAN entities,

[0152] - a deterioration or improvement in radio coverage in the RAN,

[0153] - handover of a UE from one cell in the RAN to another cell in the RAN,

[0154] - One or more UEs connected to or disconnected from the RAN, e.g. radio link failure.

[0155] According to the present invention, the core network is configured as follows:

[0156] - request status reports from the RAN, and / or subscribe to events from the RAN, and

[0157] - pushing the status report or event to the application,

[0158] - signaling to the application and / or to the application function (AF) and / or to the network function (NF) and / or

[0159] or report said status report or incident.

[0160] According to the present invention, the RAN is configured as follows:

[0161] - collecting data related to the status of said RAN from one or more RAN entities,

[0162] - process data for the creation of status reports and / or detection of status events, and

[0163] -Signaling said status reports and / or events to said core network.

[0164] According to the present invention, the RAN includes one or more base stations gNB for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report the status reports and / or events to the core network.

[0165] According to the present invention, the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0166] According to the present invention:

[0167] The core network includes a network data analysis entity or function NWDAF,

[0168] RAN is configured as

[0169] - collecting data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, and

[0170] - signalling said data to said core network, and

[0171] NWDAF is configured as

[0172] - processing said data from said RAN to create said status reports, and / or to detect events, and

[0173] and / or predict future states, and / or predict probable or possible future events, and

[0174] - Signaling and / or reporting the status report and / or prediction to the application and / or the receiver.

[0175] According to the present invention, the RAN includes one or more base stations gNB for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB and signal the data to the NWDAF through a network function (NF), such as an access and mobility function (AMF) and / or a session management function (SMF).

[0176] According to the present invention, the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0177] According to the present invention, the RAN is configured as follows:

[0178] - collecting data related to the status of said RAN from one or more RAN entities,

[0179] - processing said data to create status reports and / or detect events, and

[0180] - signalling to the application and / or to the receiver running the service provided by the application and

[0181] and / or report said status reports and / or events.

[0182] According to the present invention, the RAN includes one or more base stations gNB for serving each UE, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cell served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report the status report and / or event to the application and / or to the receiver running the service provided by the application.

[0183] According to the present invention, the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0184] According to the present invention, the status report includes one or more of the following:

[0185] - the signalling traffic load in the RAN,

[0186] - resources in the RAN,

[0187] - congestion in the RAN,

[0188] - interference to all UEs in one or more cells in the RAN,

[0189] - QoS requirements achievable in the RAN.

[0190] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system is configured to report that the specific QoS can or cannot be met in response to an application request for a report on QoS from the core network, or other RAN measurements that result in a change in the achievable QoS.

[0191] According to the present invention, the events include changes in the RAN and / or network, such as congestion in the RAN, overload in the RAN, degradation or improvement in supportable QoS.

[0192] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system is configured to signal that the specific QoS can or cannot be met in response to the application subscribing to notifications of QoS changes from the core network, or other RAN events that result in changes in achievable QoS.

[0193] According to the present invention:

[0194] The RAN is configured to provide a resource set including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, and

[0195] In case the wireless communication system determines that the set of resources is completely occupied by the first transmission, the wireless communication system is configured to inform the application and / or the receiver that the specific QoS cannot be met.

[0196] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system of the present invention includes:

[0197] said application server connected to said core network,

[0198] Therein, in response to a signal notification from the wireless communication system, the application and / or the receiver is configured to adapt to the change in achievable QoS.

[0199] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the third aspect, the communication system provides a path or mechanism or procedure to inform the application that a specific service with the desired QoS can / cannot be implemented from the RAN side. For example, in the case where the resource pool is fully occupied by high priority transmission, the BS can notify the application or application server that the required priority and reliability (QoS) cannot be met, thereby allowing the application to change its behavior accordingly, such as in the case of a fully autonomous vehicle. Relevant network entities (in LTE) or network functions (in 5G) related to the application layer can subscribe to monitor various changes in QoS related events or RAN events. These events can then signal back to the application function.

[0200] Fourth aspect:

[0201] The fourth aspect of the present invention can be implemented in the following manner: Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 The wireless communication system 308 can be implemented in the wireless communication system shown. The wireless communication system 308 can operate according to the teachings of the invention described herein.

[0202] Push Notifications

[0203] The present invention provides a wireless communication system, comprising

[0204] an application server, the application server being configured to run an application, the application being configured to provide a specific service to a receiver in the RAN,

[0205] a core network to which the application server is connected, and

[0206] a radio access network RAN ​​coupled to the core network, the RAN comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers,

[0207] The core network is configured to send a push notification to the application, such as an application server or an application client, where the push notification indicates that a specific event has occurred.

[0208] According to an embodiment, the core network is configured to:

[0209] - monitoring the status or condition of the wireless communication system, and

[0210] - Determining whether the specific event has occurred in the wireless communication system.

[0211] According to an embodiment, the application server is configured to receive push notifications without an explicit subscription to the corresponding event.

[0212] According to an embodiment, the push notification informs the application server of a critical event or a warning:

[0213] - a critical or severe condition or failure in the RAN or any other part of the system, such as in the case of a natural disaster, causing a part of the system to cease operation completely; or

[0214] - a serious condition sensed by another application server, e.g. in the case of V2X, when an application server detects a dangerous condition on the road, such as a serious accident, fire, etc., and requests the network to send a push notification to all other application servers active in the area involved, e.g. V2X application servers; or

[0215] - Serious conditions such as serious accidents, fires, etc. sensed by UEs, such as V2X UEs.

[0216] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect, an application server may receive one or more push notifications, for example without explicitly subscribing to any corresponding events, so as to provide a path and / or a method for push notifications from various sources.

[0217] Or mechanism and / or procedure, such as RAN, another application server, core network, etc. Naturally, the scenarios mentioned here are only examples, and the sources of push notifications mentioned above are not exhaustive.

[0218] system

[0219] The present invention provides a wireless communication network, comprising:

[0220] at least one device according to the invention, and

[0221] At least one transmitter according to the invention.

[0222] According to an embodiment, the resource set includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or non-contiguous in the frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent in the time domain.

[0223] According to an embodiment, the collection of resources defines a resource pool.

[0224] According to an embodiment, the receiver and the transmitter include one or more of the following:

[0225] - a mobile terminal, or

[0226] - Fixed terminal, or

[0227] - Cellular IoT-UE, or

[0228] -IoT devices, or

[0229] - a ground-based vehicle, or

[0230] - an aircraft, or

[0231] - Drones, or

[0232] - mobile base station, or

[0233] - a roadside unit, or

[0234] - buildings, or

[0235] - any other item or device, such as a sensor or actuator, provided with network connectivity that enables the item / device to communicate using a wireless communication network, and

[0236] - a macrocell base station, or

[0237] - Small cell base station, or

[0238] - a roadside unit, or

[0239] -UE, or

[0240] - a remote radio head, or

[0241] -AMF, or

[0242] -SMF, or

[0243] - a core network entity, or

[0244] - such as network slicing in the context of NR or 5G core, or

[0245] - Any Transmit / Receive Point (TRP) that enables an item or device that is provided with network connectivity to communicate using a wireless communications network.

[0246] The present invention provides a wireless communication network, comprising at least one UE of the present invention and at least one base station of the present invention.

[0247] According to an embodiment, the receiver and the transmitter include one or more of the following: a mobile terminal or a fixed terminal, or a cellular IoT-UE, or an IoT device, or a ground-based vehicle, or an aircraft, or a drone, or a mobile base station, or a roadside unit, or a building, or a macro cell base station, or a small cell base station, or a roadside unit, or a UE, or a remote radio head or an AMF, or an SMF, a core network entity or a network slice in the context of NR or 5G core, or any transmit / receive point (TRP) that enables an item or device to communicate using a wireless communication network, and the item or device is provided with network connectivity for communicating using a wireless communication network.

[0248] method

[0249] 1. Aspects

[0250] The present invention provides a method for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a resource set including a plurality of resources allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0251] The method comprises receiving a signal in the event that there are insufficient resources in the set of resources for an upcoming first transmission, and

[0252] The signal causes the ongoing second transmission to cease in order to free up resources for sending or receiving the first transmission.

[0253] The present invention provides a method for transmission in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a predefined resource set including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0254] Wherein, in the case where there are not enough resources in the resource set for the upcoming first transmission, the method includes:

[0255] - signalling to the receiver to stop the ongoing second transmission in order to release resources used by the second transmission, and

[0256] - reallocating the released resources for use in said first transmission.

[0257] 2. Aspects

[0258] The present invention provides a method for transmission in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resource sets including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level,

[0259] Wherein, when the occupancy rate of the resource set reaches a predefined threshold, the method includes:

[0260] - reserving a certain number of unoccupied resources in the set of resources for the first transmission, and

[0261] - allocating the reserved resources for said first transmission.

[0262] 3. Aspects

[0263] The present invention provides a method for operating a wireless communication system, comprising:

[0264] a radio access network RAN, the RAN comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, and

[0265] a core network CN coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network CN, the application server being configured to run an application, the application being configured to provide a specific service to a receiver in the RAN,

[0266] The method comprises obtaining the state of at least part of the RAN, and informing the application and / or a receiver running the service provided by the application of the RAN state and / or any changes in the RAN state, wherein the performance of the service depends on the RAN state, so that the application can correct its requirements accordingly.

[0267] 4. Aspects

[0268] The present invention provides a method for operating a wireless communication system according to the present invention.

[0269] Computer program product

[0270] The invention provides a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform one or more methods according to the invention.

[0271] The preferred embodiment will now be described in more detail. In the following, reference is made to a resource pool. However, the present invention is not limited to a resource pool, but the method of the present invention is equally applicable to any resource set. The pool or set may include a plurality of resources that are continuous or non-continuous in the frequency domain, and adjacent or non-adjacent in the time domain. Therefore, when a resource pool is mentioned in this specification, this should also be understood as a reference to a resource set.

[0272] First aspect

[0273] Now refer to Figure 4 and Figure 6 Embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention are described, wherein Figure 6 The transmission is suspended to release or free up resources to be used for higher priority services. For the following description, it is assumed that Figure 4 The transmitter 300 is a base station and the receiver 302 is a UE, which may or may not communicate directly with each other via the side link 304c. In the latter case, the UE may be a V2X Mode 3 UE (see Figure 2 ).

[0274] Figure 6 A resource pool 360 including a plurality of resources 362 is schematically shown, and the resource pool 360 is illustrated at different points in time, namely at time t0, at a later time t1, e.g. 5 ms after time t0, and at time t2 after t1, e.g. 5 ms after time t1. It is assumed that the resource pool 360 includes columns 1-3 and rows 1-6, and that for a communication from the base station 300 to the UE 3021, resources in row 1 and resources in row 3 of the resource pool 360 are available. At time t0, the base station 300 performs an initial allocation of resources for transmission to the UE 3021 in the next 10 ms. It is assumed that resources need to be allocated for two messages, and that these messages have substantially the same priority, at least none of them requires a high priority transmission. For example, the first transmission has allocated two resources, as indicated by the cross-hatched box, the resources in column 3, row 1 and column 2, row 4, and the second transmission has allocated three resources, namely, column 1, row 4, column 2, row 1, and column 3, row 4, as indicated by the cross-hatched box. Therefore, in the depicted example, only one resource at column 1, row 1 remains unallocated.

[0275] At time t1, the base station 300 receives a request to send a high priority message, which needs to be signaled to the UE 3021 with low latency. Assume that three resources are required for the high priority transmission, but at this time, all resources except one resource for the transmission to the UE 3021 are occupied, so that there are not enough resources in the pool for the high priority transmission. Therefore, according to the present invention, the base station determines, for example, which currently transmitted message has the lowest priority, such as the first message. The base station releases the resources associated with the second transmission (see Figure 6 ), thereby releasing the resources in the 4th row of the 1st column, the 1st row of the 2nd column, and the 4th row of the 3rd column of the resource pool 300. At the next possible time, such as time t2, resource allocation is performed so that the released resources are fully or at least partially allocated to the high priority transmission, as shown in the black box. The newly allocated resources at time t2 can be used for downlink transmission of the high priority message from the base station 300 to the UE 3021, or for uplink transmission of the high priority message from the UE 3021 to the base station 300. UE 3021 receives a signal from the base station 300 indicating that the transmission of the second transmission needs to be stopped or paused because there are not enough resources in the pool for the high priority transmission, thereby releasing the allocated resources for the first transmission. Once the high priority transmission is completed, UE 3021 can either discard the first transmission or resume the transmission at a later time, which is triggered by a preconfigured timer, or a time value signaled via an RRC message or relayed by another UE via a side link.

[0276] According to other embodiments, the UE also communicates via a side link interface such as Figure 4 In the case of communicating with the PC5 interface 304c, the above reference Figure 4 The resources mentioned may be resources used for sidelink communications, as described above, whereby high priority messages may use resources obtained by releasing resources initially allocated to low priority transmissions on the sidelink, via the PC5 interface 304c between the UEs 3021, 302 n Translate messages between messages.

[0277] In the above embodiments, it has been assumed that the high priority message is a downlink message towards the UE, so that the base station can receive signaling, such as from an application running on an application server coupled to the core network of the wireless communication system. On the other hand, in the case where a service or application running on the UE needs to send a high priority uplink message to the base station, signaling can also be received from the UE. The device can also be a UE that communicates with another UE via a side link interface, and one of these UEs can receive an indication or signaling from the associated service or application via the side link that a high priority message is to be sent, and the side link needs to release resources for a lower priority transmission that has been scheduled or is in progress.

[0278] According to an embodiment, stopping the lower priority transmission may include pausing the transmission for a predetermined time or interval, and resuming the transmission after an interval selected to ensure that the higher priority transmission is safely accommodated. The first transmission may be resumed using the same configuration as before or using a new configuration that may be selected from a list of existing configurations or may be a new configuration provided for resuming the lower priority transmission.

[0279] According to an embodiment, multiple resource pools may be provided, such as a higher priority resource pool with a higher subcarrier spacing SCS. For example, in the context of LTE (PPPR), there may be eight levels of reliability, while in NR, there are 5QI or VQI indicators. Messages associated with the highest three priority levels may be associated with resources in a 60kHz-SCS resource pool, which may be referred to as a high priority / low latency resource pool, which is selected from a set of available resource pools for transmission. If a resource pool, i.e., a high priority / low priority resource pool, is completely congested, then the base station is no longer in a position to allocate any resources for a new transmission through a side link between two UEs or through a link between the base station and one of the UEs, and no resources can be allocated for a new transmission. On the other hand, due to the low latency and / or high reliability and / or quota requirements of high priority messages, for example, due to the safety criticality of the message, the BS may not reject any highest priority transmission, such as an emergency call. In other words, a high priority message may have a certain latency, reliability and quota, such as a data rate requirement or any combination of these requirements. In this case, according to the method of the present invention, as described above, when resources are available, at time t0, the base station has sent a grant for a lower priority transmission, such as an SPS transmission, to the UE, and if the granted duration has not passed, the BS can withdraw the resources allocated to the lower priority transmission and use the higher priority transmission instead. If multiple resource pools with different priority levels are provided, the BS can attempt to reallocate the resources of the lower transmission to another resource pool of the lower SCS, provided that the requirements of the lower priority transmission are still met when using the resources in the lower priority pool. If there is no other available pool or the reallocation to the lower priority pool does not meet the transmission requirements, the transmission of the lower priority message can be suspended until the transmission of the high priority message is completed. The reallocation can be performed when a new lower priority resource pool is used, or when the transmission of the low priority message is resumed, which can be accomplished by sending a revised or updated SPS configuration to the UE based on the resource pool load.

[0280] According to an example, a base station may notify a UE of low priority messages transmitted based on a buffer status report request for a message transmitted by a UE having a higher priority, so that, for example, once the base station knows the amount of resources required for the duration of the transmission of the higher priority message, it may determine the interval during which the UE stops or suspends transmission of lower priority messages. This allows high priority messages to be transmitted in highly congested dedicated / shared resource pools. After the interval, the UE may then use its resources originally allocated by the base station to resume transmission of low priority messages, or may use, for example, an offset to shift the low priority SPS transmission in time to enable transmission of a high priority message. Note that a high priority message may be a one-time transmission or an SPS transmission.

[0281] According to an embodiment, in case of sidelink transmission mode, SPS transmission may be used and the base station requests the UE to send a lower priority message to suspend or transfer transmission, thereby facilitating high priority transmission to or from the UE. In this scenario, the BS may use a modified SPS configuration with new parameters for suspension / transfer of the specified interval, such as Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the SPS-config information element IE is used for an embodiment of the present invention. According to an embodiment of the present invention, as described in reference [8], the SPS-config IE is extended by elements "ToPauseList", "ToResumeList", "ToShiftList", as shown in FIG. Figure 7 400, 402 and 404 in FIG. 401. "ToPauseList" indicates that the SPS-configuration is used for the side link that must be paused, "ToResumeList" indicates which available SPS-configurations are used when resuming low priority transmission, and "ToShiftList" indicates the duration for which the transmission of the low priority transmission is paused. If "ToResumeList" is not indicated, the initial configuration for the low priority transmission will also be used when resuming transmission.

[0282] Thus, the above new parameters related to suspension, resumption and transfer allow to accommodate higher transmissions to be sent by the UE to the BS or another UE, or received at the UE from the BS or another UE. Once the high priority message has been sent, the BS configures the UE with lower priority transmission to resume transmission accordingly, for example by using RRC connection reconfiguration signaling, such as RRC reconfiguration message.

[0283] According to other embodiments, as shown in FIG. Figure 3As explained, the device may be a UE connected to another UE via a sidelink configuration, and the respective UE is not in coverage and operates in mode 4. Therefore, the base station has no control over resource allocation, but in this case, it is also necessary to handle the highly congested mode 4 resource pool so that low priority transmission can give way to high priority transmission. The UE can scan and sense the available resources in the resource pool and select them based on the lowest probability of conflict. If the resource pool does not have enough resources for high priority transmission, such as the resource pool is fully occupied, and the UE broadcasts an SCI message stating that there is a high priority, the SCI will also declare the resources used to transmit the high priority message, such as based on the UE's decision after scanning and sensing the resource pool and selecting the resource with the lowest probability of conflict. For example, if the above processing is performed regardless, but the resource with the lowest probability of conflict cannot solve the problem of resource pool congestion, the method of the present invention will be applied. In order to improve the reliability of the received high priority message and reduce the risk of conflict, the UE occupying the selected resource is signaled to interrupt or suspend the transmission of the resources indicated in the SI for the same duration indicated by the SCI to allow high priority transmission. This ensures that high priority transmissions occur uninterrupted and upon completion, for example, a UE sending a lower priority message can resume transmission using the resources initially used.

[0284] In any of the above referenced scenarios, lower priority messages, the transmission of which may be suspended, may be stored in a buffer of a device or entity, such as a UE, performing said transmission. However, there may be a situation where, after the transmission of a high priority message is completed, it is no longer necessary or possible to send a low priority message, and in this case, the message will be emptied from the buffer. For example, in the case of mobile entities, such as vehicles, low priority messages will be emptied if the communication arranged between the vehicles has exceeded the maximum communication range. For example, if the low priority message sending vehicle UE has traveled a certain distance, such as 1km from the receiving vehicle UE, then any low priority information related to the direct surroundings of the receiving vehicle is no longer relevant to the receiving vehicle, which is now a long way away. Alternatively, for example, the buffer of the vehicle UE sending the low priority message may also be emptied if a higher priority message has exceeded a timer.

[0285] Second aspect

[0286] According to a second aspect of the present invention, another method for solving the problem of enabling high priority transmissions is to reserve a small set of resources in a resource pool and then provide the resources only for high priority transmissions. Figure 8An embodiment of the second aspect of the invention is schematically shown, and for communication between various network entities in a radio access network, such as communication between a base station BS and one or more UEs, a pool 360 of resources available for communication between the BS and the UE is shown at time t1. It is assumed that only 50% of the resources are used or scheduled at this time, so any incoming high priority message to be sent from the BS to the UE, from the UE to the BS, or transmitted between multiple UEs can be allocated sufficient resources for transmission.

[0287] At a later time, such as Figure 8 At the time t2 shown in , the traffic volume in the cell covered by the base station BS may have increased, and it is determined that 90% of the resources of the pool 360 are now used. In this scenario, i.e., once 90% of the threshold is reached, resource allocation to low priority messages is stopped, and the remaining unused resources are allocated only to high priority messages. When the threshold drops again, the system can return to the situation indicated by time t1, i.e., any available resources can be allocated to any message. In the situation indicated by time t2, where resource pools of multiple different SCSs are available, low priority messages that did not have resource allocation due to the occupancy level of the first resource pool 360 may have been allocated resources from the resource pools of other lower SCSs if the transmission requirements can be met using resources from the resource pools of the lower SCS.

[0288] Thus, according to the second aspect, at a time when occupancy or traffic increases and the amount of available resources correspondingly decreases, the small set of resources now reserved balances the trade-off between the amount of data to be transmitted and the amount of available resources to transmit.

[0289] Note that the above aspects may also be used in direct communication between two UEs via a side link where the UEs are in Mode 3 or Mode 4.

[0290] The third aspect

[0291] As described above, in many cases, such as in vehicular scenarios, traditional methods of handling QoS are insufficient. When a vertical application such as a V2X application as described above is run on a cellular network, 3GPP EPS or 5GS network as described above, it is desirable to obtain information about network conditions, such as congestion, to allow the application to adjust according to the current network conditions or capabilities. The network conditions or capabilities may include the network status or capabilities at the current time and / or its prediction for the future. When considering, for example, V2X, the present invention has recognized the need for feedback from the network to the application. Examples of functionality that may be required for reliable and effective performance of vertical applications such as, for example, V2X are as described in one or more of the following:

[0292] - a mechanism for applications to monitor (or obtain feedback on) RAN status, e.g. congestion, overload, etc.,

[0293] - In addition to the traditional system where monitoring information can be obtained by the application server, a mechanism can also be used to share all / some information to the UE,

[0294] - QoS framework of the side link, such as PC5, and monitor the status of the side link,

[0295] -Send monitoring reports or notifications to the application after detecting an event, and the application server can react after receiving such feedback / notification

[0296] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a mechanism is provided, which obtains the state of at least a part of the RAN and informs the application and / or the receiver running the service provided by the application of the RAN state and / or any change in the RAN state, wherein the performance of the service, such as QoS, depends on the RAN state. This allows the application at the UE and / or the application server to correct its expectations / requirements accordingly. Therefore, when the network provides feedback to the UE to indicate that it cannot manage the requested requirements, the UE's application may change accordingly. For example, information about congestion and overload is obtained, in other words, the RAN state with respect to available resources is monitored. Based on this information, the quality of service that can be provided through the RAN using the PC5 interface, for example, can be monitored, or more generally, the state of the link between the communication entities, for example, the state of the side link can be monitored in terms of resources available for transmission. For example, in the case of a specific event, the application server or the UE running the application can react in response to the corresponding feedback. In some applications / services, the delay caused by this process may be critical. For example, in the case of a fleet service in a V2X application, when the network is able to provide high QoS to the service, the server can shorten the distance between the fleet members to reduce energy consumption. If the QoS suddenly drops, it may be necessary to immediately increase the distance between the fleet members for safety reasons. Another example is the case of autonomous driving. If the network coverage decreases, the application needs to react quickly, for example, by reducing the level of automation and switching control to manual mode.

[0297] For example, the status may be obtained when the current cell status changes before / during handover from a cell, a macro cell, a small cell, or between macro cells / small cells.

[0298] Although conventional methods can monitor events related to the link between the UE and the network, such as the location of the UE, the reachability of the UE, the loss of connection, communication failure or the presence of multiple UEs in a specific geographical area, the status or state of the RAN is not actually monitored, for example, the core network is not monitored for congestion or overload. Therefore, the resources or achievable QoS in the RAN are not monitored either. According to the third aspect of the present invention, this gap is closed.

[0299] Fig. 9 An embodiment for monitoring RAN conditions is shown, and various network entities in an EPS system are schematically shown (see also reference [6]), the EPS system including an application server 312 coupled to a core network 310, which in turn is coupled to a radio access network RAN ​​314. The core network includes a service capability exposure function SCEF 310a, a home subscriber server HSS 310b, and a mobility management entity MME / serving GPRS support node SGSN 312c. The application server 312 can run one or more applications via the cellular network 310, 314, and issue a monitoring request in step 1, which is processed by the SCEF 310a, as shown in step 2. The SCEF processing may include communication with the HSS 310b for external group ID resolution, as shown in steps 2a and 2b. In response to the received monitoring request, the SCEF sends a monitoring request in step 3, which is processed by the MME 402e, as shown in step 4. As step 5, the monitoring response is provided back to the SCEF 310a. So far, the process described corresponds to the conventional process described in reference [6].

[0300] According to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention, the conventional process is extended by steps 4a, 4b and 4c so that the process of monitoring does not stop at the MME 312c but extends into the RAN 314. The MME 310c signals to the RAN 314 at step 4a that specific information from the RAN 314 is required, for example, information about one or more signal traffic loads, resources of some or all UEs of one or more cells of the RAN 314, congestion, interference. At step 4b, the RAN 404 collects data, for example, for creating a RAN status report. At step 4c, the RAN status report based on the request at step 4a is provided to the core network 310, or is pushed directly to the relevant network entity, such as the SCEF 310a, which provides an interface for the application on the server 312. The status report can also be provided to the UE using the service provided by the application. The application, based on the status information, such as the application server and / or the application client and / or the UE can, for example, determine whether the desired QoS can still be achieved, for example, whether autonomous driving can still be performed, or whether the service provided by the application should be adjusted due to the reduced QoS, for example, in the case of autonomous driving, manual control should be returned.

[0301] In the following, the inventive concept of the third aspect for obtaining RAN status will be described with reference to a handover HO procedure. However, the method of the present invention is not limited to obtaining a RAN status report in such an event, but any other event or signaling from an application may trigger such a report. Fig.10 is a signaling diagram for vehicle UE QoS feedback adaptation according to an embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Fig.10 An embodiment is shown for modifying the conventional HO procedure in an EPS system, for example, in case predictive HO to multiple target cells is enabled, where the source eNB informs the UE that the next cell / group of cells can / cannot meet the QoS requirements. Naturally, the method of the present invention can be applied to any scenario where the QoS changes within the same cell.

[0302] After step A in which the source gNB evaluates the possible provisioning area restriction of the UE with the target gNB, and after step B in which the UE reports the measurement results, steps C to G are performed as follows:

[0303] Step C : In addition to the regular grant request for HO, the source eNB also requests a Resource Pool Status Information (RPSI) report from the target eNB.

[0304] According to other embodiments, the report is not limited to the concept of resource pool in LTE, but also includes other similar concepts in NR, and so on.

[0305] Resource pool status information (RPSI) may include the following information, but is not limited to:

[0306] - Occupancy threshold information for one or more resource pools

[0307] - Traffic load of all uplink / downlink resources

[0308] -Interference related information

[0309] -QoS related information, including, for example, if the QoS can be met, but not limited to:

[0310] o Quality parameters, such as those included in 5QI / QCI parameters, such as resource type, priority level,

[0311] Packet delay budget, packet error rate, average window for guaranteed bit rate (GBR),

[0312] Maximum data burst

[0313] o ARP

[0314] oReflective QoS

[0315] o GBR / MBR

[0316] Notification Control

[0317] o Maximum packet loss rate.

[0318] Fig.11 An embodiment of the HandoverRequest IE extended by the element indicated by 406 and 408 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0319] Step D1: The RPSI report is provided by the target eNB / gNB, which may include all or a subset of the above information.

[0320] Step D2: RPSI reports can also be pushed to other network entities.

[0321] Step E: The source eNB / gNB collects and processes the information (see Fig. 9 Step 4b) in the above example can be performed so that the UE can easily make corresponding adaptations. The content of the RPSI can be mapped to determine whether the specific QoS required by the UE can be met.

[0322] Step F:The source eNB / gNB signals to the UE using, for example, a V2X-RPSI-feedback IE, which may be included in the MobilityControlInfo IE in the RRC connection reconfiguration signaling. There are multiple options for how to signal this feedback to the UE depending on the level of abstraction, as shown in the example signaling:

[0323] Fig.12 An embodiment of a MobilityControlInfo IE extended according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown by a V2X-RPSI-feedback IE indicated at 410. The V2X-RPSI-feedback IE 410 may include a QoS level, such as high, medium, low, or a range of values, and any other parameters indicating a possible level of QoS that can be met by the target eNB / gNB.

[0324] Step G: Applications, such as V2X applications, will make corresponding adjustments based on the RPSI report, for example, in the case of V2X applications or services, this may result in braking, acceleration, etc.

[0325] After steps AG, further steps 7-9 are performed for completing the HO.

[0326] The following table lists the events supported by legacy systems when considering 5GS.

[0327] Table 1

[0328]

[0329] As shown in this table, the application function (AF) cannot monitor the status or state of resources in the RAN, such as RAN congestion and RAN overload.

[0330] According to further embodiments of the third aspect, the AF is enabled to monitor RAN events, such as RAN congestion and / or overflow. Fig.13 The monitoring of RAN status by the application server (AS) 312 in the 5GC is shown. Fig.13 An embodiment of modifying a conventional monitoring procedure to obtain RAN status is shown.

[0331] Fig.13The 5GS system includes an application server 312 connected to a core network 310, which in turn is connected to a radio access network 314. The core network 310 includes a network exposer function NEF 310a, a unified data management UDM 310b, and a core access and mobility management function AMF 310c. Conventionally, an application running on an application server, such as a V2X application, subscribes to the core network in step 1 in order to obtain information about specific events in the network. NEF 310a issues a subscription request to UDM 310b in step 2, and UDM 310b in turn issues a subscription request to AMF 310c, as shown in step 3a.

[0332] According to the method of the present invention, the request sent as step 3a is also a subscription to obtain information about RAN events, and unlike conventional methods, AMF 310c issues a further request at step 3a' to subscribe to specific RAN events, such as resource congestion or overflow. In response to the subscription at step 3a', RAN 314 provides respective event subscription responses or confirmations back to AMF 310c at step 3b', thereby providing additional feedback subscription responses or confirmations about the conditions at RAN 314 to the application via the core network 310 in steps 3b, 4 and 5. As shown in steps 8, 9 and 10, according to an embodiment, RAN 314 may signal RAN events to application server 312 via AMF and NEF. For example, a report such as reference 8 may be provided. Fig.10 The RPSI event report of the example and / or the events described in Table 1, and the RAN may refer to the above Fig. 9 (Steps 4b-4c) and Fig.10 Perform the operation as described.

[0333] Additionally, as in conventional methods, the application can receive event notifications from the UDM via communication at steps 6a and 7a or only at 6a directly to the AS, with or without a NEF in between. If it is a trusted AS, then a NEF between the AS and the UDM is not required.

[0334] The list of events in the above table is not exhaustive, and additional events may be generated and / or collected and / or detected in some other network functions (NFs), such as session management functions (SMFs) and / or access and mobility functions (AMFs). In any case, according to the present invention, there are provided Fig.13 A similar procedure in Fig.13 In the AMF is replaced by the involved or responsible NF, for example, the SMF.

[0335] Therefore, the above-mentioned embodiments of the third aspect allow applications and / or application functions AF to monitor specific RAN events related to resources in the communication system, such as RAN congestion and / or overflow, and based on RAN congestion, overload, etc., i.e., based on the status of resources in the RAN, it is also possible to determine events that lead to changes in QoS in the same group or different groups or cells.

[0336] According to a further embodiment of the third aspect, the network data analysis function may be used to evaluate information from the RAN in order to determine and / or predict various events. The NWDAF is responsible for providing network data analysis. The NWDAF may, for example, provide slice congestion event notifications and NWDAF operator-specific analysis, as described in reference [9]. Fig.14 NWDAF is applied as shown. Fig.14 The signaling diagram for RPSI processing in 5GS using NWDAF is shown. In practice, Fig.14 The steps of how to perform HO in the context of 5GS are shown. Steps AG correspond to the above reference Fig.10 Those described, except that step E is performed by NWDAF in core 310.

[0337] Therefore, according to the embodiment of the third aspect, when considering Fig.10 or Fig.13 When monitoring, the AF or another part of the system may have information about the UE's behavior, such as movement trajectory, and the network may collect additional information about its own situation and about the RAN situation and provide the results as monitoring events and / or reports to the BS, which then passes them to the UE and its resident applications and / or application servers and / or application clients.

[0338] When considering Fig.14 When, except Fig.10 or Fig.13 In addition, the base station provides information to the network, which is used by the NWDAF. The NWDAF also receives information from the RAN and the network. The NWDAF performs analysis and can provide the results as monitoring events and / or reports to the BS, which then passes them to the UE and its resident applications and / or application servers and / or application clients. For example, the NWDAF can analyze data provided by the network and the RAN, with or without any information about UE behavior provided by the application. In any case, the analysis results provided by the NWDAF may be some predictions.

[0339] Aspect 4:

[0340] Although aspect 3 above requires applications to subscribe in order to be notified of QoS changes and / or RAN events, in some cases it is necessary to inform applications or application functions of changes in the entire network.

[0341] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a communication system provides a notification, such as a push notification, to an application server and / or a UE. In other words, Fig. 9 and Fig.13 The event notification shown in can be automatically triggered to inform of critical events or provide warnings. In other words, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a procedure or mechanism is provided to provide the core network with the possibility of generating push notifications that can originate from various sources such as RAN 314, network 310, etc. Examples of scenarios in which push notifications can be implemented include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following schemes described with reference to Figure 15.

[0342] FIG15(a) shows an embodiment of handling a critical or severe condition / failure in the RAN or any other part of the network, such as in the case of a natural disaster where part of the network stops functioning completely. FIG15(a) shows a cellular network comprising the CN and the RAN, to which three application servers AS1 to AS3 are coupled. The cellular network detects an event that requires alerting all other application servers active in a certain geographical area, such as AS1 to AS3, and sends a push notification (1) to the application servers AS1, AS2 and AS3 active in the same geographical area.

[0343] Figure 15(b) shows an embodiment of handling a serious condition sensed by another application server. Figures 15(a) and 15(b) show a cellular network including a CN and a RAN, to which three application servers AS1 to AS3 are coupled. For example, application server AS1 detects a dangerous condition on the road, such as a serious accident, fire, etc., and requests (1) the network to send a push notification (2) to all other V2X application servers active in the area involved. Therefore, application server AS1 detects an event that requires alerting all other application servers in the area and / or nearby, and application server AS1 sends a trigger (1) for a push notification to the network. The network sends the push notification (2) to application servers AS2 and AS3 that are active in the same geographical area as AS1. The push notification (2) can also optionally be (2) to application server AS1.

[0344] Figure 15(c) shows an embodiment of handling a serious condition sensed by a V2X UE. Similar to Figures 15(a) and 15(c) showing a cellular network including a CN and a RAN, three application servers AS1 to AS3 are coupled to the cellular network. Additionally, a UE connected to the application server AS1 via the cellular network is also depicted. The UE detects an event that requires alerting all other application servers AS1 to AS3 in the area and / or vicinity. As shown in (1), the UE communicates with the application server AS1. Additionally, the UE also sends a trigger (1') for push notification to the network in response to the detection of the event. The network sends a push notification (2) to the application servers AS1 to AS3 that are active in the same geographic area.

[0345] In some of the above embodiments, reference has been made to individual vehicles in a connected mode, also referred to as a mode 3 configuration, or to individual vehicles in an idling mode, also referred to as a mode 4 configuration. However, the present invention is not limited to V2V communications or V2X communications, but is also applicable to any device-to-device communications, for example, such as non-vehicle mobile users or fixed users performing sidelink communications via a PC5 interface. Also in such scenarios, scheduling resources according to the above aspects is advantageous because it allows resources for sidelink communications to be scheduled more efficiently, thereby avoiding resource conflicts, etc.

[0346] Some embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to a communication system in which the transmitter is a base station serving a user equipment and in which the receiver is a user equipment served by the base station. However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and may also be implemented in a communication system in which the transmitter is a user equipment station and in which the receiver is a base station serving a user equipment. According to other embodiments, both the receiver and the transmitter may be UEs that communicate directly with each other, for example via a sidelink interface.

[0347] Depending on the embodiment, the wireless communication system may include a terrestrial network or a non-terrestrial network, or a network or network segment using an air vehicle or a spacecraft or a combination thereof as a receiver.

[0348] According to an embodiment, the receiver may include a mobile terminal or a fixed terminal, an IoT device, a ground-based vehicle, an aircraft, a drone, a building, or any other item or device with network connectivity that enables the item / device to use a wireless communication system, such as a sensor or actuator. According to an embodiment, the transmitter may include one or more macrocell base stations or small cell base stations, or a spacecraft such as a satellite or space, or an aerial vehicle such as an unmanned aerial system (UAS), such as a tethered UAS, a lighter than airborne UAS (LTA), a heavier than airborne UAS (HTA) and a high altitude UAS platform (HAP) or any transmission / reception point (TRP) that enables an item or device with network connectivity to communicate using a wireless communication network.

[0349] Although certain aspects of the described concepts have been described in the context of an apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of a corresponding method, where a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or item or feature of a corresponding apparatus.

[0350] The various elements and features of the present invention may be implemented in hardware using analog and / or digital circuits, by executing instructions using one or more general or special purpose processors, or by executing instructions using a combination of hardware and software, by software. For example, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the environment of a computer system or another processing system. Fig.16 An example of a computer system 350 is shown. The units or modules and the steps of the methods performed by these units can be executed on one or more computer systems 350. The computer system 350 includes one or more processors 352, such as a dedicated or general-purpose digital signal processor. The processor 352 is connected to a communication infrastructure 354 such as a bus or network. The computer system 350 includes a main memory 356, such as a random access memory (RAM), and an auxiliary memory 358, such as a hard drive and / or a removable storage drive. The auxiliary memory 358 can allow computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system 350. The computer system 350 may further include a communication interface 360 ​​to allow software and data to be transmitted between the computer system 350 and external devices. The communication can come from electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals that can be processed by the communication interface. The communication can use wires or cables, optical fibers, telephone lines, cellular phone links, RF links and other communication channels 612.

[0351] The terms "computer program medium" and "computer readable medium" are generally used to refer to tangible storage media, such as a removable storage unit or a hard disk installed in a hard drive. These computer program products are means for providing software to the computer system 350. The computer program, also referred to as computer control logic, is stored in the main memory 356 and / or the secondary memory 358. The computer program may also be received via the communication interface 360. The computer program, when executed, enables the computer system 350 to implement the present invention. In particular, the computer program, when executed, enables the processor 352 to implement the processes of the present invention, such as any of the methods described herein. Thus, such a computer program may represent a controller of the computer system 350. In the case of using software to implement the present disclosure, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into the computer system 350 using a removable storage drive, an interface, such as the communication interface 360.

[0352] The implementation in hardware or software can be performed using a digital storage medium, such as cloud storage, floppy disk, DVD, Blu-ray, CD, ROM, PROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory, on which electronically readable control signals are stored, and the electronically readable control signals cooperate (or can cooperate) with a programmable computer system to perform the corresponding method. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.

[0353] Some embodiments according to the invention comprise a data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such that one of the methods described herein is performed.

[0354] Generally, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being operative for performing one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.The program code may, for example, be stored on a machine readable carrier.

[0355] Other embodiments comprise a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, stored on a machine readable carrier. In other words, therefore, an embodiment of the inventive method is a computer program having a program code for performing one of the methods described herein, when the computer program runs on a computer.

[0356] Therefore, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a data carrier (or digital storage medium, or computer-readable medium) comprising a computer program recorded thereon for performing one of the methods described herein. Therefore, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a data stream or signal sequence representing a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or signal sequence can, for example, be configured to be transmitted via a data communication connection, such as via the Internet. Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or a programmable logic device, which is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein. A further embodiment includes a computer on which a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is installed.

[0357] In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the method described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may collaborate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Typically, the method is preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0358] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention. It should be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention is intended to be limited only by the scope of the upcoming patent claims, and is not limited by the specific details given by the description and explanation of the embodiments herein.

[0359] List of abbreviations and symbols

[0360]

[0361] References

[0362]

Claims

1. A wireless communication system, comprising: a radio access network RAN, the RAN comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, and a core network CN coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network CN, the application server being configured to run an application, the application being configured to provide a specific service to a receiver in the RAN with a specific quality of service QoS, in, The wireless communication system is configured to obtain a RAN status of at least a portion of the RAN and inform the application and / or a receiver running the service provided by the application of the RAN status, and Therein, the RAN state at least indicates a QoS requirement achievable in the RAN, so as to allow the application and / or the receiver to adapt to a change in the achievable QoS.

2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: - The wireless communication system is configured to use the RAN status to determine whether the specific QoS can be met by the RAN, and to signal to the application and / or to the receiver that the specific QoS can or cannot be met.

3. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The wireless communication system is configured to obtain the status of the RAN in the following manner: - in response to a request from the application, or - in response to a specific event in the RAN, or - At specific intervals.

4. The wireless communication system according to claim 3, wherein: The specific event in the RAN includes one or more of the following: - a failure or malfunction of one or more RAN entities, - a deterioration or improvement in radio coverage in the RAN, - handover of a UE from one cell in the RAN to another cell in the RAN, - One or more UEs connected to or disconnected from the RAN.

5. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The core network is configured as follows: - request status reports from the RAN, and / or subscribe to events from the RAN, and - pushing the status report or event to the application, - Signaling and / or reporting said status report or event to said application and / or to an application function AF and / or to a network function NF.

6. The wireless communication system according to claim 5, wherein: The RAN is configured to: - collecting data related to the status of said RAN from one or more RAN entities, - processing said data to create said status reports and / or to detect status events, and -Signaling said status reports and / or events to said core network.

7. The wireless communication system according to claim 5, wherein: The RAN includes one or more base stations gNB for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report the status reports and / or events to the core network.

8. The wireless communication system according to claim 7, wherein: The gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

9. The wireless communication system according to claim 5, wherein: The core network includes a network data analysis entity or function NWDAF, The RAN is configured to - collecting data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, and - signalling said data to said core network, and The NWDAF is configured as - processing said data from said RAN to create said status report, and / or detect events, and / or predict future status, and / or predict probable or possible future events, and - Signaling and / or reporting the status report and / or prediction to the application and / or the receiver.

10. The wireless communication system according to claim 5, wherein: The RAN comprises one or more base stations gNB for serving respective UEs, the gNB being configured to collect data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB and to signal the data to a network data analysis entity or function NWDAF via a network function NF.

11. The wireless communication system according to claim 10, wherein: The gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

12. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The RAN is configured to: - collecting data related to the status of said RAN from one or more RAN entities, - processing said data to create status reports and / or detect events, and - Signalling and / or reporting status reports and / or events to said application and / or to said receiver running a service provided by said application.

13. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The RAN comprises one or more base stations gNB for serving respective UEs, the gNB being configured to collect and process data relating to the status of cells served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report the status reports and / or events to the application and / or to the receiver running the service provided by the application.

14. The wireless communication system according to claim 13, wherein: The gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

15. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 5 to 14, wherein: The status report includes one or more of the following: - the signalling traffic load in the RAN, - resources in the RAN, - congestion in the RAN, -Interference of all UEs in one or more cells in the RAN.

16. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The wireless communication system is configured to report that the particular QoS can or cannot be met in response to an application request from the core network for a report on QoS, or other RAN measurements resulting in a change in achievable QoS.

17. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 5 to 14, wherein: The events include changes in the RAN and / or network, including: congestion in the RAN, overload in the RAN, degradation or improvement in supportable QoS.

18. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The wireless communication system is configured to signal that the particular QoS can or cannot be met in response to the application subscribing to notifications of QoS changes from the core network, or other RAN events resulting in changes in achievable QoS.

19. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The RAN is configured to provide a resource set including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, and In case the wireless communication system determines that the set of resources is completely occupied by the first transmission, the wireless communication system is configured to inform the application and / or the receiver that the specific QoS cannot be met.

20. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, comprising The application server is connected to the core network.

21. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein: The receiver and the transmitter include one or more of the following: - a mobile terminal, or - Fixed terminal, or - Cellular IoT-UE, or -IoT devices, or - a ground-based vehicle, or - an aircraft, or - Drones, or - mobile base station, or - a roadside unit, or - buildings, or - any other item or device having network connectivity that enables the item / device to communicate using a wireless communication network, and - a macrocell base station, or - Small cell base station, or - a roadside unit, or -UE, or - a remote radio head, or -AMF, or -SMF, or - a core network entity, or - such as network slicing in the context of NR or 5G core, or - Any send / receive point TRP that enables an item or device to communicate using a wireless communication network, and the item or device is provided with network connectivity for communicating using a wireless communication network.

22. A method for operating a wireless communication system, comprising: a radio access network RAN, the RAN comprising a plurality of transmitters and receivers, and a core network CN coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network CN, the application server being configured to run an application, the application being configured to provide a specific service to a receiver in the RAN with a specific quality of service QoS, The method comprises: obtaining a RAN status of at least a portion of the RAN, and informing the application and / or a receiver running the service provided by the application of the RAN status, and Therein, the RAN state at least indicates a QoS requirement achievable in the RAN, so as to allow the application and / or the receiver to adapt to a change in the achievable QoS.

23. A computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to claim 22.

Images