User equipment cooperative multipoint reception and transmission

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus for wireless communications are described. In general, the described techniques performed at a user equipment (UE) provide for communicating directly with a base station using a first set of antennas and communicating indirectly with the base station using a second set of antennas (e.g., via a wireless node, a remote radio head, etc.) to fully utilize the potential of physical antennas at the UE. For downlink communications, the UE may receive at least a subset of downlink signals from a base station via a wireless node, and for uplink communications, the UE may transmit at least a subset of uplink signals to the base station via a wireless node. To facilitate these techniques, the UE may configure a wireless node to forward a downlink signal received from the base station to the UE, or to forward an uplink signal received from the UE to the base station.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 16 / 656,561, entitled “USER EQUIPMENT COOPERATIVE MULTIPOINT RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION,” filed by DAMNJANOVIC on October 17, 2019, and U.S. provisional patent application No. 62 / 748,375, entitled “USER EQUIPMENT COOPERATIVE MULTIPOINT RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION,” filed by DAMNJANOVIC on October 19, 2018, each of which is assigned to the assignee of this application.

[0003] introduction

[0004] The following relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to cooperative or coordinated multi-point (CoMP) reception and transmission.

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems), and fifth generation (5G) systems, which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ various technologies, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).

[0006] A wireless multiple access communication system may include several base stations or network access nodes, each of which simultaneously supports communication of multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE). In some wireless communications, a UE may communicate with a base station using a physical antenna located at the UE. For example, a UE may use an antenna to transmit an uplink signal to a base station or receive a downlink signal from a base station. Conventional techniques for communicating with a base station at a UE may not fully utilize the potential capabilities of a physical antenna (i.e., UE hardware) at the UE.

[0007] Overview

[0008] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; configuring the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0009] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor and the memory may be configured to: identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; configure the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0010] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; configuring the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0011] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor for the following operations: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; configuring the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals includes: transmitting a configuration message from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to forward one or more downlink signals to the UE and is to forward one or more uplink signals to the base station. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, communicating with the base station on a first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on a second frequency band includes: communicating directly with the base station on a first frequency band using virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and communicating indirectly with the base station via a wireless node on a second frequency band. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, communications may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for: determining that one or more downlink signals may be scheduled to be transmitted from a base station to a UE on a first frequency band; and receiving from a wireless node on a second frequency band at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from a base station to a UE.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: receiving all downlink signals in one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from a base station to a UE from a wireless node on a second frequency band. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: receiving a first subset of one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the base station on a first frequency band; and receiving a second subset of one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on a second frequency band.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, configuring the wireless node to forward at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for the following actions: configuring the wireless node to forward at least a subset of one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from a base station to a UE.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, communications may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for: identifying one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to a base station; and transmitting at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals to a wireless node on a second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals may be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on a first frequency band.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: transmitting all uplink signals of one or more uplink signals to a wireless node on a second frequency band, wherein all uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals may be forwarded by the wireless node to a base station on a first frequency band. Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: transmitting a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to a base station on a first frequency band; and transmitting a second subset of the one or more uplink signals to a wireless node on a second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals may be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more uplink signals may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for the following actions: configuring the wireless node to forward at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on a second frequency band to a base station on a first frequency band.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, configuring a wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals may include operations, features, devices, or instructions for the following actions: configuring a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals may be forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the one or more downlink signals may be forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, devices, or instructions for the following actions: communicating with a base station to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline, the updated HARQ timeline being used to provide HARQ feedback about one or more downlink signals to the base station. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a UE may be configured to communicate with a base station on a first frequency band using a first set of antennas, and the UE may be configured to communicate with a wireless node on a second frequency band using an additional second set of antennas.

[0021] A method for wireless communication at a wireless node is described. The method may include: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node is described. The apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor and the memory may be configured to: identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between a wireless node and the UE; receive a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node is described. The apparatus may include means for: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a wireless node is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor for the following operations: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, communicating with the base station on a first frequency band and communicating with the UE on a second frequency band includes: forwarding one or more downlink signals from the base station to the UE and forwarding one or more uplink signals from the UE to the base station using virtual multiple-input multiple-output to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the base station. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, communication may include operations, features, devices, or instructions for the following actions: monitoring a first frequency band to find one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by a base station to a UE on a first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on a first frequency band; and transmitting at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on a second frequency band.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: transmitting all downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band may be received by the UE from the base station on the first frequency band, and wherein the transmission may include operations, features, means, or instructions for the following actions: transmitting a second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the configuration received from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals indicates that the wireless node may forward at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus (devices), and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, communications may include operations, features, apparatus, or instructions for: monitoring a second frequency band for one or more uplink signals from a UE to forward to a base station on a first frequency band; receiving the one or more uplink signals on a second frequency band; and transmitting the one or more uplink signals received on a second frequency band to a base station on the first frequency band.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, a configuration indication for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals received from a UE indicates: a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals may be forwarded in the form of original or compressed I&Q samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based on the configuration. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, the one or more downlink signals may be forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both based on the configuration. In some examples of the methods, apparatuses (devices) and non-transient computer-readable media described herein, a configuration for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals may be received from a UE or a base station. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1-3An example of a wireless communication system supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0031] Figure 4 An example of conventional CoMP is explained.

[0032] Figure 5-8 An example of UE CoMP in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0033] Figure 9-11 An example of a process flow to support UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0034] Fig.12 and 13 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Fig.14 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Fig.15 A diagram of a system including a device supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Fig.16 and 17 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Fig.18 A block diagram of a communications manager supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Fig.19 A diagram of a system including a device supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Fig. 20 and 21 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Detailed Description

[0042] Some wireless communications may support communication between a UE and a base station on multiple frequency bands. In such systems, a UE may be configured to communicate on one frequency band using one set of antennas and to communicate on a different frequency band using another set of antennas. In some cases, a UE may have a direct link to a base station on one frequency band (e.g., on a sub-7 GHz band) and may not use an antenna designed for communication on another frequency band (e.g., on a millimeter wave (mmW) band) to communicate with the base station. As a result, the UE may not fully utilize the potential capabilities of the antenna at the UE, which may be detrimental to the UE (e.g., in poor radio conditions). That is, the quality of the direct link with the base station may limit the maximum throughput or data rate of communication with the base station, and the throughput or data rate may be further limited by the number of antennas used for communication.

[0043] As described herein, a wireless communication system may support efficient techniques for maximizing throughput. Specifically, the described techniques performed at a UE provide for communicating directly with a base station using a first set of antennas and communicating indirectly with a base station using a second set of antennas (e.g., via a wireless node, a relay, a remote radio head, etc.) to fully utilize the potential capabilities of the physical antennas at the UE. These techniques may be referred to as UE CoMP techniques, in which a UE (e.g., instead of a base station) may configure a wireless node to forward an uplink signal from the UE to a base station, or to forward a downlink signal from a base station to the UE. In addition, since the entire set of antennas used to communicate with a base station may include antennas at the UE and antennas at the wireless node (e.g., for forwarding signals to or from the UE), the communication between the UE and the base station may be referred to as virtual MIMO communication. For downlink communications, the UE may receive at least a subset of downlink signals from a base station via a wireless node, and for uplink communications, the UE may transmit at least a subset of uplink signals to the base station via a wireless node. Therefore, the wireless node may be a remote radio head of the UE.

[0044] The various aspects of the present disclosure introduced above are described below in the context of a wireless communication system. Various examples of processes and signaling exchanges that support UE CoMP reception and transmission are subsequently described. Various aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described by and with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to UE CoMP reception and transmission.

[0045] Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 includes a base station 105 (e.g., a gB node (gNB) and / or a radio head (RH)), a UE 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 can be an LTE network, an LTE-A network, an LTE-A Pro network, or an NR network. In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 can support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission-critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

[0046] The base station 105 may communicate wirelessly with the UE 115 via one or more base station antennas. The base station 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a home Node B, a home evolved Node B, or some other suitable terminology. The wireless communication system 100 may include different types of base stations 105 (e.g., macro cell base stations or small cell base stations). The UE 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment (including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, etc.).

[0047] Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 120 in which it supports communications with various UEs 115. Each base station 105 may provide communications coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 120 via a communication link 125, and the communication link 125 between the base station 105 and the UE 115 may utilize one or more carriers. The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include an uplink transmission from the UE 115 to the base station 105, or a downlink transmission from the base station 105 to the UE 115. The UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 135. Downlink transmissions may also be referred to as forward link transmissions, and uplink transmissions may also be referred to as reverse link transmissions. The UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 135.

[0048] The geographic coverage area 120 of the base station 105 may be divided into sectors that constitute only a portion of the geographic coverage area 120, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hotspot, or other types of cells, or various combinations thereof. In some examples, the base station 105 may be mobile and therefore provide communication coverage for a mobile geographic coverage area 120. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 120 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic coverage areas 120 associated with different technologies may be supported by the same base station 105 or different base stations 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A Pro or NR network, in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 120.

[0049] The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity for communicating with a base station 105 (e.g., on a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID)) for distinguishing adjacent cells operating via the same or different carriers. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other) that may provide access to different types of devices. In some cases, the term "cell" may refer to a portion (e.g., a sector) of a geographic coverage area 120 on which the logical entity operates.

[0050] Each UE 115 can be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. UE 115 can also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless node, a remote radio head, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, wherein "device" can also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. UE 115 can also be a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 can also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, etc., which can be implemented in various items (such as electrical appliances, vehicles, meters, etc.).

[0051] In some cases, UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UE 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol). One or more UEs in a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communication may be within a geographic coverage area 120 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 120 of the base station 105, or may not be able to receive transmissions from the base station 105 for other reasons. In some cases, each group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some cases, the base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In other cases, D2D communication is performed between UEs 115 without involving the base station 105.

[0052] The base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with each other. For example, the base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., via S1, N2, N3, or other interfaces). The base stations 105 may communicate with each other on a backhaul link 134 (e.g., via X2, Xn, or other interfaces) directly (e.g., directly between the base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In addition, the base station 105 may communicate with the wireless node 110 via a direct link 136, and the wireless node 110 may communicate with the UE 115 on a backhaul link 138 (e.g., a mobile backhaul link). The wireless nodes may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication system 100 and may be used as relays for communications between the base stations 105 and the UE 115 (e.g., small cells in a licensed or unlicensed layer) to improve coverage and throughput in the system. In some cases, the wireless node 110 may be a remote radio head of the UE 115. The wireless node 110 may be a UE 115 (eg, a cellular phone, a wearable device, etc.) and may be installed by a user (eg, without any control by an operator) to improve cellular coverage.

[0053] UE 115 may include a UE communication manager 101, which can identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station 105 and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node 110; configure the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station 105 on the first frequency band to UE 115 on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from UE 115 on the second frequency band to the base station 105 on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station 105 on the first frequency band and communicate with the wireless node 110 on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration.

[0054] The wireless node 110 may include a wireless node communication manager 102, which can identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between the UE 115 and the base station 105 and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node 110 and the UE 115; receive a configuration for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station 105 on the first frequency band to the UE 115 on the second frequency band or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE 115 on the second frequency band to the base station 105 on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station 105 on the first frequency band and communicate with the UE 115 on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration.

[0055] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW). The MME may manage non-access layer (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be delivered through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The P-GW may be connected to network operator IP services. Operator IP services may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP multimedia subsystems (IMS), or packet switched (PS) streaming services.

[0056] At least some network devices (such as base stations 105) may include subcomponents, such as access network entities, which may be examples of access node controllers (ANCs). Each access network entity may communicate with each UE 115 through a number of other access network transport entities, which may be referred to as radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission / reception points (TRPs). In some configurations, the various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or merged into a single network device (e.g., base station 105).

[0057] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300MHz to 300GHz. In general, the 300MHz to 3GHz region is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, because the wavelength is in the range of about 1 decimeter to 1 meter long. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, these waves can fully penetrate various structures for macro cells to provide services to UE 115 located indoors. Compared with the transmission of smaller frequencies and longer waves using the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) part of the spectrum below 300MHz, the transmission of UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100km). The wireless communication system 100 can also operate in the super high frequency (SHF) region using the frequency band from 3GHz to 30GHz (also referred to as the centimeter band). The SHF region includes frequency bands that can be opportunistically used by devices that can tolerate interference from other users (such as the 5GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band).

[0058] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in the extremely high frequency (EHF) division of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz), which is also referred to as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support mmW communications between the UE 115 and the base station 105, and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be even smaller and more closely spaced than the UHF antenna. In some cases, this may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency divisions, and the use of designated frequency bands across these frequency divisions may differ by country or regulatory agency.

[0059] In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may adopt license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band (such as a 5GHz ISM band). When operating in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band, wireless devices (such as base stations 105 and UE 115) may adopt a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure to ensure that the frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on CA configurations (e.g., LAA) in coordination with CCs operating in licensed bands. Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination of the two.

[0060] In some cases, the wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, the communication of the bearer or packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer can be based on IP. In some cases, the radio link control (RLC) layer can perform packet segmentation and reorganization to communicate on the logical channel. The media access control (MAC) layer can perform priority handling and multiplex logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer can also use HARQ to provide retransmission of the MAC layer, thereby improving link efficiency. In the control plane, the radio resource control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration and maintenance of the RRC connection of the radio bearer that supports user plane data between the UE 115 and the base station 105 or the core network 130. In the physical (PHY) layer, the transport channel can be mapped to the physical channel.

[0061] In some cases, UE 115 and base station 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood that the data is successfully received. HARQ feedback is a technique that increases the likelihood of correctly receiving data on communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve the throughput of the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some cases, a wireless device may support simultaneous slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received in a previous symbol in the time slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent time slot or according to some other time interval.

[0062] The time interval in LTE or NR can be represented by a basic time unit (which may refer to a sampling period T for example). s =1 / 30,720,000 seconds). The time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms), where the frame period may be expressed as T f =307,200T s. A radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots, each slot having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of a cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period). Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be the minimum scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In other cases, the minimum scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI) or in a selected component carrier using sTTI).

[0063] The terms "carrier," "frequency band," or "band" may refer to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications on the communication link 125. For example, a carrier of the communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that operates according to a physical layer channel for a given radio access technology. Each physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associated with a predefined frequency channel (e.g., an E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be located according to a channel grid for discovery by a UE 115. A carrier may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in FDD mode), or configured to carry downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode). In some examples, a signal waveform transmitted on a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or DFT-s-OFDM).

[0064] The UE 115 in the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to communicate on one frequency band using one set of antennas and communicate on a different frequency band using another set of antennas. For example, the UE 115 may communicate using one set of antennas on a sub-7 GHz band and another set of antennas on a mmW band, or the UE 115 may communicate using different sets of antennas on different mmW bands. In some cases, the UE 115 may have a direct link to the base station 105 on one frequency band (e.g., on a sub-7 GHz band) and may not use an antenna designed for communication on another frequency band (e.g., on a mmW band) to communicate with the base station 115. Therefore, the UE 115 may not fully utilize the potential of the antenna at the UE, which may be detrimental to the UE (e.g., in poor radio conditions, where the data rate is limited due to the use of a low rank and a low modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to improve reliability). The wireless communication system 100 may support efficient techniques at the UE 115 for using additional or replacement antennas to communicate with the base station 105 to improve throughput. These techniques may be referred to as UE CoMP techniques.

[0065] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 200 can support communication between a base station 105, a UE 115 (e.g., a serving UE 115), and a wireless node 110, which can be referenced Figure 1 The wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may support efficient techniques at the UE 115 for using additional or alternative antennas to communicate with the base station 105 to improve throughput (e.g., where procedures at the base station 105 may not change).

[0066] exist Figure 2In an example of , UE 115-a may communicate directly with base station 105-a using a first set of antennas (e.g., on a sub-7 GHz band, a first mmW band, a licensed band, etc.) over direct link 205-a, and UE 115-a may communicate indirectly with base station 105 via wireless node 110-a using a second set of antennas (e.g., on a mmW band, a second mmW band, an unlicensed band, etc.). In wireless communication system 200-a, wireless node 110-a may be an example of relay node 110-a, and in wireless communication system 200-b, wireless node 110-b may be an example of UE 110-b (e.g., non-serving UE 110-b). In some cases, wireless node 110 may be a remote radio head of UE 115. Wireless node 110 may derive reference timing for communicating with base station 105 and UE 115 from a synchronization signal block (SSB) received from base station 105.

[0067] Indirect communication between the UE 115 and the base station 105 may include communication between the UE 115 and the wireless node 110 on a backhaul link 210 (e.g., a mobile backhaul link 210) using a second set of antennas (e.g., on a mmW frequency band), and communication between the wireless node 110 and the base station 105 on a direct link 205-b. That is, the UE 115 may configure the wireless node 110 to operate as a remote radio head for the UE 115. Since the UE 115 may support indirect communication with the base station 105 via the wireless node 110, the UE 115 may be able to use additional antennas (i.e., a second set of antennas in addition to the first set of antennas) to communicate with the base station 105-a, thereby improving throughput.

[0068] Figure 3 An example of an antenna 305 used for communication between a UE 115 and a base station 105, and an example of an antenna 305 used for communication between a wireless node 110 (e.g., a relay, a remote radio head, etc.) and a base station 105 in a wireless communication system 300 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 300 may support communication between the base station 105, the UE 115, and the wireless node 110, which may be referenced Figure 1 and 2 Examples of corresponding devices described. Wireless communication system 300-a illustrates downlink communications (e.g., direct and indirect downlink communications) between base station 105-c and UE 115-c, and wireless communication system 300-b illustrates uplink communications (e.g., direct and indirect downlink communications) between UE 115-d and base station 105-d.

[0069] In a wireless communication system 300-a, a base station 105-c may use eight transmit antennas 305-a on a first frequency band (e.g., a sub-7 GHz band) to transmit downlink signals intended for a UE 115-c. However, the UE 115-c may access four receive antennas 305-b to receive signals on the first frequency band, and other antennas (not shown) at the UE 115-c that are configured to communicate on a second frequency band may not be used. Therefore, the UE 115-c may only be able to receive a first subset of downlink signals on the four receive antennas 305-b. As described herein, in order to improve throughput in the wireless communication system 300-a, the wireless node 110-c may monitor the first frequency band and may receive a second subset of downlink signals on the four antennas 305-c, and the wireless node 110-c may forward the second subset of downlink signals to the UE 115-c on the second frequency band. Accordingly, UE 115-c may receive a second subset of downlink signals from wireless node 110-c using other antennas configured to communicate on the second frequency band. That is, antenna 305-b at UE 115-c and antenna 305-c at wireless node 110-c may be effectively combined together, and the effective number of antennas at the UE may be increased (e.g., resulting in 8 transmit antennas and 8 receive antennas in wireless communication system 300-a). Communication with the base station on this combined set of antennas may be referred to as virtual MIMO communication.

[0070] In the wireless communication system 300-b, the UE 115-d may be scheduled to transmit uplink signals to the base station 105-d on a first frequency band. However, the UE 115-d may only have access to four transmit antennas 305-e to transmit uplink signals on the first frequency band, and other antennas (not shown) at the UE 115-d that are configured to communicate on a second frequency band may not be used. Therefore, the UE 115-d may only be able to transmit a first subset of uplink signals on the four transmit antennas 305-e. As described herein, in order to improve the throughput in the wireless communication system 300-b, the UE 115-d may use other antennas configured to communicate on the second frequency band to transmit a second subset of uplink signals to the wireless node 110-d on the second frequency band. Subsequently, the wireless node 110-d may use the antenna 305-f on the first frequency band to forward the second subset of uplink signals to the base station 105-d. Accordingly, UE 115-c may transmit a second subset of uplink signals to base station 105-d (e.g., via wireless node 110-d) using other antennas configured to communicate on the second frequency band. That is, antenna 305-e at UE 115-d and antenna 305-f at wireless node 110-d may be effectively combined together, and the effective number of antennas at the UE may be increased (e.g., resulting in 8 transmit antennas and 8 receive antennas in wireless communication system 300-b). Communication with the base station on this combined set of antennas may be referred to as virtual MIMO communication.

[0071] As mentioned above, the techniques described herein for communicating directly with base station 105 (e.g., via a direct link) and indirectly with base station 105 (e.g., via a backhaul link with a wireless node) at UE 115 may be referred to as UE CoMP. It should be understood that UE CoMP is different from traditional CoMP and may be used in addition to or in place of traditional CoMP. Figure 4 An example of conventional CoMP is explained. Figure 4 In the example of , base station 105-e can be connected to TRP 405-a and TRP 405-b via wired backhaul links 410-a and 410-b, respectively. Both TRP 405-a and TRP 405-b can transmit downlink signals to UE 115-e or receive uplink signals from UE 115-e via direct links 415-a and 415-b, respectively, to improve the quality of service at UE 115-e.

[0072] Figure 5-8 An example of UE CoMP according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 5 and Figure 6The described techniques may allow a UE 115-f to use an additional antenna (e.g., an antenna configured to communicate in the mmW frequency band) to communicate with a base station 105-f to improve throughput. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The described techniques may allow a UE 115 - g to communicate with a base station 105 - g using an alternate antenna to improve throughput (eg, when the quality of a direct link with the base station 105 - g is poor).

[0073] exist Figure 5 In an example of , base station 105-f can be connected to TRP 505 via wired backhaul link 510, and UE 115-f can communicate directly with TRP 505 via direct link 515-a (e.g., FR1) and indirectly with wireless node 110-f (e.g., relay, remote radio head, etc.) via backhaul link (e.g., 37 GHz, 60 GHz, or FR 2). For example, for downlink transmissions, UE 115-f can receive a first subset of downlink signals directly from TRP 505 on a first frequency band via direct link 515-a, and receive a second subset of downlink signals from wireless node 110-f on a second frequency band via backhaul link 520 (e.g., where wireless node 110-f monitors the first frequency band for downlink signals via direct link 515-b and forwards the downlink signals to UE 115-f via backhaul link 520). Similarly, for uplink transmissions, UE 115-f may transmit a first subset of uplink signals directly to TRP 405-c on a first frequency band via direct link 515-a, and transmit a second subset of uplink signals to wireless node 110-f on a second frequency band via backhaul link 520 (e.g., where wireless node 110-f monitors the second frequency band via backhaul link 520 for uplink signals and forwards the uplink signals to TRP 505 via direct link 515-b). In this example, UE 115-f and wireless node 110-f may communicate with TRP 505 on the same frequency band (e.g., a sub-7 GHz band) via direct link 515-a and direct link 515-b, respectively.

[0074] Figure 6An example of direct communication between a base station 105-f and a UE 115-f and indirect communication between the base station 105-f and the UE 115-f via a wireless node 110-f (e.g., a layer 1 relay node) according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For downlink transmissions, the UE 115-f may receive a first subset of downlink signals directly from the base station 105-f on a first frequency band 605, and receive a second subset of downlink signals from the base station 105-f indirectly (e.g., from the wireless node 110-f) on a second frequency band 610. The wireless node 110-f may receive the PHY layer downlink signals from the base station 105-f on the first frequency band 605, and the wireless node 110-f may forward at least a subset of the downlink signals to the UE 115-f on the second frequency band 610 via an air interface 615. The air interface 615 may be an example of a Wi-Fi air interface or an NR air interface.

[0075] In one example, the wireless node 110-f may generate I&Q samples of the downlink signal and may forward the I&Q samples to the UE 115-f. In another example, the wireless node 110-f may receive control information from the UE 115-f on the second frequency band 610 over the air interface 615 for use in processing the downlink signal, and the wireless node 110-f may process the downlink signal and may forward relevant information (e.g., decoded transport blocks) to the UE 115-f. For uplink transmissions, the UE 115-f may transmit a first subset of uplink signals directly to the base station 105-f on the first frequency band 605, and a second subset of uplink signals indirectly (e.g., via the wireless node 110-f) to the base station 105-f. For indirect transmission to base station 105-f, UE 115-f can transmit a PHY layer uplink signal to wireless node 110-f on the second frequency band 610 (e.g., I&Q samples of the uplink signal), and wireless node 110-f can forward the PHY layer uplink signal to base station 105-f on the first frequency band 605.

[0076] exist Figure 7In the example of , base station 105-g can be connected to TRP 705 via wired backhaul link 710, and UE 115-g can communicate indirectly with TRP 705 via a backhaul link with wireless node 110-g (e.g., a layer 1 relay node). For example, instead of receiving downlink signals directly from TRP 705 on a first frequency band via a direct link, UE 115-g can receive all downlink signals from TRP 705 on a second frequency band from wireless node 110-g via backhaul link 720 (e.g., where wireless node 110-f monitors the first frequency band for downlink signals via direct link 715 and forwards the downlink signals to UE 115-f via backhaul link 720). Similarly, for uplink transmissions, instead of transmitting uplink signals directly to TRP 705 on a first frequency band via a direct link, UE 115-g may transmit all uplink signals destined for TRP 705 to wireless node 110-g on a second frequency band via backhaul link 720 (e.g., where wireless node 110-g monitors the second frequency band for uplink signals via backhaul link 720 and forwards the uplink signals to TRP 705 via direct link 715). Thus, in some scenarios, UE 115-g may not communicate directly with base station 105-g and may only communicate indirectly with base station 105-g via wireless node 110-g (e.g., UE 115-g may not have a direct link with base station 105-g or TRP 705, as shown, and UE 115-g may rely entirely on the antenna of wireless node 110-g to communicate with base station 105-g or TRP 705).

[0077] Figure 8 An example of indirect communication between a base station 105-g and a UE 115-g via a wireless node 110-g according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For downlink transmissions, the wireless node 110-g may receive a PHY layer downlink signal from a base station 105-f on a first frequency band 805, and the wireless node 110-g may forward at least a subset of the downlink signal (e.g., a subset of the downlink signal or all of the downlink signal) to the UE 115-f on a second frequency band 810 via an air interface 815. For uplink transmissions, the wireless node 110-g may transmit a PHY layer uplink signal (e.g., I&Q samples of the uplink signal) to the wireless node 110-g on the second frequency band 810 via the air interface 815, and the wireless node 110-g may forward the PHY layer uplink signal to the base station 105-g on the first frequency band 805. The air interface 815 may be an example of a Wi-Fi air interface or an NR air interface.

[0078] Therefore, in some cases, as mentioned above, Figure 7 As explained, the UE 115-g may not communicate directly with the base station 105-g, and may only communicate with the base station 105-g indirectly via the wireless node 110-g (e.g., the UE 115-g may not have a direct link with the base station 105-g, as shown, and the UE 115-g may rely entirely on the antenna of the wireless node 110-g to communicate with the base station 105-g). In one example, the wireless node 110-g can generate I&Q samples of the downlink signal and can forward the I&Q samples to the UE 115-g. In another example, the wireless node 110-g can receive control information from the UE 115-g on the second frequency band 810 via the air interface 815 for use in processing the downlink signal, and the wireless node 110-g can process the downlink signal (e.g., perform a fast Fourier transform (FFT) and other processing) and can forward relevant information (e.g., a decoded transport block) to the UE 115-g. Thus, processing at the UE 115-g may be limited (eg, because the UE 115-g may receive relevant information, such as a decoded transport block, from the wireless node 110-g).

[0079] In some cases, to allow the wireless node 110-g to process data (e.g., downlink signals) intended for the UE 115-g, the UE 115-g may indicate, or the wireless node 110-g may otherwise determine, a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) associated with the UE 115-g, which the wireless node 110-g may use to process the data. In some examples, after the wireless node 110-g forwards the results of processing or decoding the associated control and / or data signals, the UE 115-g may generate physical layer control signaling (e.g., HARQ feedback). In other examples, the signaling (e.g., HARQ feedback) may be generated by the wireless node 110-g. In this example, the wireless node 110-g may generate the HARQ feedback and forward the decoded data to the UE 115-g.

[0080] It should be understood that the techniques described above for UE CoMP may be configurable. In one example, the base station 105 may transmit a configuration to the wireless node 110 indicating whether the wireless node 110 is permitted to forward signals to the UE 115 or to the base station 105 (i.e., whether the wireless node 110 is addressable by the base station 105). If the wireless node 110 is permitted to forward signals to the UE 115 or to the base station 105, the base station 105 may indicate, or the wireless node 110 may otherwise determine, when the wireless node 110 is permitted to forward signals to the UE 115 or to the base station 105 (e.g., for a particular transmission or for a series of transmissions).

[0081] In some cases, UE 115 may configure wireless node 110 to forward downlink signals received from base station 105 to UE 115, or to forward uplink signals received from UE 115 to base station 105. In some examples, wireless node 110 may be preconfigured to forward downlink signals and uplink signals, and UE 115 may configure the wireless node to forward downlink signals and uplink signals for the UE (e.g., by connecting to the wireless node). UE 115 may transmit a configuration message to wireless node 110 to indicate which downlink signals are to be forwarded by wireless node 110 to UE 115. The configuration message may also indicate a format for forwarding downlink signals received from base station 105 to UE 115. For example, UE 115 may indicate in a configuration message whether wireless node 110 is to forward I&Q samples of a downlink signal to UE 115, or whether the wireless node is to decode the downlink signal and transmit the decoded downlink signal (e.g., decoded transport blocks and decoded control information) to UE 115.

[0082] In the examples described above, a layer 1 relay node may be used to forward downlink signals to a UE 115, or to forward uplink signals to a base station 105. In other examples, a layer 2 or layer 3 relay may be used to decode a downlink signal (e.g., data) and forward the decoded signal (e.g., out-of-band) to a UE 115 (e.g., via a mmW band). The layer 2 or layer 3 relay may be supported by dual connectivity (e.g., where the UE 115 communicates with different devices on multiple frequency bands) or by a pure relay (e.g., a relay external to the UE 115) with a direct link to the base station 105 on one frequency band (e.g., FR1) and a relay link to the UE 115 on another frequency band (e.g., FR2). However, in such examples, the network may associate a layer 2 or layer 3 relay with the UE 115 (e.g., the base station 105 may be involved or the procedures may be modified to support the layer 2 or layer 3 relay).

[0083] Fig. 9 An example of a process flow 900 for supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Process flow 900 illustrates various aspects of a technique performed by a UE 115-h, which may be a reference Figure 1-8 The process flow 900 also illustrates aspects of the technique performed by a wireless node 110-h, which may be a reference to Figure 1-6 An example of a wireless node is described. Fig. 9 In the example of , the wireless node 110-h may monitor a first frequency band for a downlink signal from a base station 105 (not shown), and the wireless node 110-h may forward I&Q samples of the downlink signal to a UE 115-h on a second frequency band.

[0084] In some cases, UE 115-h may receive a first subset of downlink signals directly from base station 105 on a first frequency band (e.g., as described with reference to Figure 5 ). In such a scenario, at 905, the UE 115-h may perform radio frequency (RF) front-end processing on the first subset of downlink signals, and at 910, the UE 115-h may perform baseband analog / digital (A / D) conversion on the first subset of downlink signals. The UE 115-h may then buffer the first subset of downlink signals until a second subset of downlink signals (e.g., for a downlink transmission) is received before performing back-end processing.

[0085] The wireless node 110-h may receive a second subset of downlink signals received on the first frequency band (or all downlink signals if no downlink signals are received directly from the base station by the UE 115-h, as described with reference to Figure 6 ). At 915, the wireless node 110-h may then perform RF front-end processing on a second subset of the downlink signals (or on all downlink signals), and at 920, the wireless node 110-h may perform baseband A / D conversion on the second subset of the downlink signals. At 925, the wireless node 110-h may then encode I&Q samples of the downlink signals to forward to the UE 115-h, and at 930, the wireless node 110-h may forward the I&Q samples of the downlink signals to the UE 115-h.

[0086] UE 115-h may receive I&Q samples of a second subset of downlink signals and may perform back-end processing on the buffered first subset of downlink signals and the second subset of downlink signals. Alternatively, if UE 115-h does not receive the downlink signal directly from base station 105, UE 115-h may perform back-end processing on I&Q samples received from wireless node 110-h. The I&Q samples transmitted to UE 115-h may be original I&Q samples of the downlink signal or compressed I&Q samples of the downlink signal. In some cases, the maximum data rate requirement for the backhaul link between UE 115-h and wireless node 110-h without compression may be equal to (e.g., 2 Gbps for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, one antenna, and 16-bit quantization), where T s =30*1000*2048, N ant (N 天线 ) is the number of antennas, and N b is the number of bits used to represent the quantized I&Q samples (e.g., 16).

[0087] Fig.10 An example of a process flow 1000 for supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Process flow 1000 illustrates various aspects of a technique performed by a UE 115-i, which may be a reference Figure 1-7 The process flow 700 also illustrates aspects of the technique performed by a wireless node 110-i, which may be a reference to Figure 1-7 An example of a wireless node is described. Fig.10 In the example of , the wireless node 110-g can monitor the second frequency band for I&Q samples of the uplink signal from the UE 115-i, and the wireless node 110-i can forward the uplink signal to the base station 105 (not shown) on the first frequency band.

[0088] At 1005, UE 115-i may perform baseband encoding on uplink signals to be transmitted to base station 105, and at 1010, UE 115-i may generate baseband I&Q samples of the uplink signals to be transmitted to base station 105. In some cases, UE 115-i may transmit a first subset of uplink signals directly to base station 105 on a first frequency band (e.g., as described with reference to Figure 5In such a case, at 1015, UE 115-i may perform RF front-end processing on the first subset of uplink signals, and at 1020, UE 115-i may perform up-conversion and may transmit the first subset of uplink signals directly to base station 105.

[0089] At 1025, UE 115-i may then encode I&Q samples of a second subset of uplink signals (or, in the case where no uplink signals are transmitted directly to the base station, encode I&Q samples of all uplink signals, as described with reference to Figure 6 1030 ), and at 1035 , UE 115-i may transmit the I&Q samples on the second frequency band to wireless node 110-i for forwarding to base station 105 on the first frequency band. The I&Q samples transmitted to wireless node 110-i may be the original I&Q samples of the downlink signal or the compressed I&Q samples of the uplink signal. In some cases, the maximum data rate requirement for the backhaul link between UE 115-i and wireless node 110-i without compression may be equal to (e.g., 2 Gbps for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, one antenna, and 16-bit quantization), where T s =30*1000*2048, N ant is the number of antennas, and N b is the number of bits used to represent the quantized I&Q samples (e.g., 16). At 1035, the wireless node 110-i may perform RF front-end processing on the I&Q samples, and at 1040, the wireless node 110-a may up-convert the I&Q samples and may transmit an uplink signal to the base station 105 on the first frequency band.

[0090] Fig.11 An example of a process flow 1100 for supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 1100 illustrates various aspects of a technique performed by a UE 115-j, which may be a reference Figure 1-8 The process flow 1100 also illustrates aspects of the technique performed by a wireless node 110-j, which may be a reference to Figure 1-8 An example of a wireless node is described. Fig.11 In the example of , the wireless node 110-j can monitor a first frequency band for a downlink signal from a base station 105 (not shown), and the wireless node 110-j can process the downlink signal and forward the processed signal to UE 115-j on a second frequency band (i.e., the processing can be distributed).

[0091] In some cases, UE 115-j may receive a first subset of downlink signals directly from base station 105 on a first frequency band (e.g., as described with reference to Figure 5 ). In such a scenario, at 1105, the UE 115-j may perform RF front-end processing on the first subset of downlink signals, and at 1110, the UE 115-j may perform baseband A / D conversion on the first subset of downlink signals. The UE 115-j may then buffer the first subset of downlink signals until a second subset of downlink signals (e.g., for a downlink transmission) is received before performing back-end processing.

[0092] The wireless node 110-j may receive a second subset of downlink signals received on the first frequency band (or all downlink signals if no downlink signals are received directly from the base station by the UE 115-j, as described with reference to Figure 6 105 ). At 1115, the wireless node 110-j may then perform RF front-end processing on the second subset of downlink signals (or on all downlink signals), and at 1120, the wireless node 110-j may perform baseband A / D conversion on the second subset of downlink signals (or on all downlink signals). At 1125, the UE 115-j may perform back-end processing of control channels received from the base station 105, and at 1130, the UE 115-j may transmit control information to be used by the wireless node 110-j to perform FFT and other processing on the second subset of downlink signals.

[0093] At 1125, the wireless node 110-j may then perform FFT and other processing on the second subset of downlink signals (or on all downlink signals) (e.g., decoding data or transport blocks), and at 1140, the wireless node 110-j may encode the relevant information and transmit it to the UE 115-j (e.g., the decoded transport blocks). Thus, the UE 115-j may be associated with the wireless node 110-j, and the wireless node 110-j may act as a proxy to decode downlink data received from the base station 105 on a direct link and transmit uplink data to the base station 105 on the direct link (e.g., where the second frequency band used for communication between the UE 115-j and the wireless node 110-j may be a sub-7 GHz node or mmW band). At 1145, the UE 115-j may then perform back-end processing on the data channel (e.g., on the first subset of downlink signals received directly from the base station 105 and on the second subset of downlink signals received from the wireless node 110-j).

[0094] As discussed above, the techniques described herein for UE CoMP can increase throughput in a wireless communication system by allowing a UE 115 to utilize additional antennas to communicate with a base station 105. In addition, the techniques can help prevent a bottleneck effect at a direct communication link between a UE 115 and a base station 105 due to a limited number of antennas at the UE 115 (e.g., due to physical limitations of the device). In some cases, the use of UE CoMP can result in increased latency for communications between the UE 115 and the base station 105 (e.g., due to the routing of signals through wireless nodes). In such cases, the UE 115 can communicate with the base station 105 to determine updated HARQ timing to provide HARQ feedback (e.g., regarding downlink signals) to the base station 105 or receive HARQ feedback (e.g., regarding uplink signals) from the base station 105.

[0095] Thus, communications between base station 105 and UE 115 may operate based on a flexible timeline, and constraints in the wireless communication system may be adjusted based on the flexible timeline. However, if the additional latency does not cause a delay that exceeds the latency requirement of the direct link, UE 115 may not have to change the HARQ timing (e.g., may not have to communicate with base station 105 to support techniques for UE CoMP). In some examples, additional techniques for power control optimization may be introduced to limit power consumption at UE 115 supporting techniques for UE CoMP. In addition, additional wireless nodes (e.g., relays, remote radio heads, etc.) may be deployed in the wireless communication system (e.g., deployed in a relay network or embedded in a cellular network) to support techniques for UE CoMP. (e.g., deployed by consumers without operator involvement to improve local coverage).

[0096] In addition, the techniques described herein may be suitable for industrial applications where adjacent devices can share antennas (e.g., where adjacent UEs 115 can communicate with each other via a mobile backhaul link and with a base station 105 via a direct link). The direct link may be a fixed wireless link with massive MIMO, while the mobile backhaul link may support high mobility. In some cases, a control plane may be introduced for communication between the UE and the wireless node (e.g., to allow association control and radio resource management (RRM) over a mobile backhaul link or an air interface (e.g., based on NR, NR-U, Wi-Fi, etc.)). In addition, techniques similar to those used to support a direct link between the UE 115 and the base station 105 may be implemented to support a mobile backhaul link (e.g., similar techniques for reestablishing a connection after a radio link failure (RLF)).

[0097] Fig.12A block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a communication manager 1215, and a transmitter 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0098] The receiver 1210 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to UE CoMP reception and transmission, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1205. The receiver 1210 may be a reference Fig.15 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1520 are described. The receiver 1210 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0099] The communication manager 1215 may identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; configure the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration. The communication manager 1215 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1510 described herein.

[0100] The communication manager 1215 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1215 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

[0101] The communication manager 1215 or its subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1215 or its subcomponents may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1215 or its subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, input / output (I / O) components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof).

[0102] The actions performed by the communication manager 1215 as described herein may be implemented to achieve one or more potential advantages. An implementation may allow the UE to efficiently utilize the available antennas to communicate with the base station. Specifically, in addition to using an antenna configured for communication on the second frequency band, the UE may also use an antenna configured for communication on the first frequency band to communicate with the base station, resulting in increased throughput. In addition, even if the UE can rely on a wireless node to forward one or more uplink signals to the base station or one or more downlink signals from the base station, this is because the wireless node can receive one or more downlink signals from the base station or transmit one or more uplink signals to the base station on the same frequency band as the UE (e.g., the first frequency band), so the base station may not have to adjust the operation. However, in some cases, the wireless node may receive one or more downlink signals from the base station or transmit one or more uplink signals to the base station on a different frequency band (e.g., different from the frequency band used for communication between the base station and the UE).

[0103] The transmitter 1220 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1205. In some examples, the transmitter 1220 may be co-located with the receiver 1210 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1220 may be a reference Fig.15 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1520 are described. The transmitter 1220 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0104] Fig.13 A block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of the device 1205 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a communication manager 1315, and a transmitter 1330. The device 1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0105] The receiver 1310 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to UE CoMP reception and transmission, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1305. The receiver 1310 may be a reference Fig.15 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1520 are described. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0106] The communication manager 1315 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1215 as described herein. The communication manager 1315 may include a frequency resource manager 1320 and a UE CoMP configuration manager 1325. The communication manager 1315 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1510 as described herein.

[0107] Frequency resource manager 1320 may identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node. UE CoMP configuration manager 1325 may configure the wireless node to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. Communication manager 1315 may then communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0108] Transmitter 1330 may transmit signals generated by other components of device 1305. In some examples, transmitter 1330 may be co-located with receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 1330 may be a reference Fig.15 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1520 are described. The transmitter 1330 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0109] Fig.14 A block diagram 1400 of a communication manager 1405 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1405 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1215, the communication manager 1315, or the communication manager 1510 described herein. The communication manager 1405 may include a frequency resource manager 1410, a UE CoMP configuration manager 1415, a downlink transmission manager 1420, an uplink transmission manager 1425, and a HARQ manager 1430. Each of these modules may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0110] The frequency resource manager 1410 may identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node. The UE CoMP configuration manager 1415 may configure the wireless node to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. The communication manager 1405 may then communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0111] In some examples, the UE CoMP configuration manager 1415 may transmit a configuration message from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message instructing the wireless node to forward one or more downlink signals to the UE and to forward one or more uplink signals to the base station. In some cases, communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band includes using virtual MIMO to perform the following operations: directly communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and indirectly communicating with the base station via the wireless node on the second frequency band. In some cases, the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

[0112] In some examples, UE CoMP configuration manager 1415 may configure the wireless node to forward at least a subset of one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE. In some examples, UE CoMP configuration manager 1415 may configure the wireless node to forward at least a subset of one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on a second frequency band to the base station on a first frequency band. In some examples, UE CoMP configuration manager 1415 may configure a format for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals.

[0113] In some cases, one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed I&Q samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals. In some cases, one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both. In some cases, the UE is configured to communicate with a base station on a first frequency band using a first set of antennas, and the UE is configured to communicate with a wireless node on a second frequency band using an additional second set of antennas.

[0114] The downlink transmission manager 1420 may determine that one or more downlink signals are scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE on the first frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1420 may receive at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1420 may receive all downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1420 may receive a first subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the base station on the first frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1420 may receive a second subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

[0115] The uplink transmission manager 1425 may identify one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to the base station. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1425 may transmit at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1425 may transmit all uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein all uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1425 may transmit a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to the base station on the first frequency band. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1425 may transmit a second subset of the one or more uplink signals to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band. The HARQ manager 1430 may communicate with the base station to determine an updated HARQ timeline for providing HARQ feedback regarding one or more downlink signals to the base station.

[0116] Fig.15A diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1505 may be an example of or include components of the device 1205, device 1305, or UE 115 as described herein. The device 1505 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1510, an I / O controller 1515, a transceiver 1520, an antenna 1525, a memory 1530, and a processor 1540. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1545).

[0117] The communication manager 1510 may identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node, and configure the wireless node to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0118] I / O controller 1515 can manage input and output signals for device 1505. I / O controller 1515 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1505. In some cases, I / O controller 1515 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1515 can utilize an operating system, such as Or another known operating system. In other cases, I / O controller 1515 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1515 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with device 1505 via I / O controller 1515 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1515.

[0119] The transceiver 1520 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1520 may represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1520 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to an antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from an antenna.

[0120] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1525. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1525, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0121] Memory 1530 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Memory 1530 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1535 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform the various functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1530 may include, among other things, a basic input / output system (BIOS), which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0122] Processor 1540 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1540 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1540. Processor 1540 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1530) to cause device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support UE CoMP reception and transmission).

[0123] The code 1535 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1535 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 1535 may not be directly executed by the processor 1540, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0124] Fig.16 A block diagram 1600 of a device 1605 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1605 may be an example of aspects of a wireless node 110 as described herein. The device 1605 may include a receiver 1610, a communication manager 1615, and a transmitter 1620. The device 1605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0125] The receiver 1610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to UE CoMP reception and transmission, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1605. The receiver 1610 may be a reference Fig.19 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1925 are described. The receiver 1610 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0126] The communication manager 1615 may identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between a wireless node and the UE; receive a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration. The communication manager 1615 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1910 described herein.

[0127] The communication manager 1615 or its subcomponents may be implemented in hardware, in code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1615 or its subcomponents may be performed by a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device designed to perform the functions described in this disclosure, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof.

[0128] The communication manager 1615 or its subcomponents may be physically located at various locations, including being distributed such that portions of functionality are implemented by one or more physical components at different physical locations. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1615 or its subcomponents may be separate and distinct components. In some examples, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the communication manager 1615 or its subcomponents may be combined with one or more other hardware components (including, but not limited to, I / O components, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof).

[0129] Transmitter 1620 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 1605. In some examples, transmitter 1620 can be co-located with receiver 1610 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 1620 can be a reference Fig.19 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1925 are described. The transmitter 1620 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0130] Fig.17 A block diagram 1700 of a device 1705 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1705 may be an example of aspects of the device 1605 or wireless node 110 as described herein. The device 1705 may include a receiver 1710, a communication manager 1715, and a transmitter 1730. The device 1705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0131] The receiver 1710 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to UE CoMP reception and transmission, etc.). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1705. The receiver 1710 may be a reference Fig.19 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1925 are described. The receiver 1710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0132] The communication manager 1715 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1615 as described herein. The communication manager 1715 may include a frequency resource manager 1720 and a UE CoMP configuration manager 1725. The communication manager 1715 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1910 as described herein.

[0133] The frequency resource manager 1720 may identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between the UE and the base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE. The UE CoMP configuration manager 1725 may receive a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or for forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. The communication manager 1715 may then communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0134] Transmitter 1730 can transmit signals generated by other components of device 1705. In some examples, transmitter 1730 can be co-located with receiver 1710 in a transceiver module. For example, transmitter 1730 can be a reference Fig.19 Examples of various aspects of the transceiver 1925 are described. The transmitter 1730 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0135] Fig.18A block diagram 1800 of a communication manager 1805 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1805 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1615, the communication manager 1715, or the communication manager 1910 described herein. The communication manager 1805 may include a frequency resource manager 1810, a UE CoMP configuration manager 1815, a downlink transmission manager 1820, and an uplink transmission manager 1825. Each of these modules may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0136] The frequency resource manager 1810 may identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between the UE and the base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE. The UE CoMP configuration manager 1815 may receive a configuration from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or for forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. The communication manager 1805 may then communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration.

[0137] In some cases, communicating with a base station on a first frequency band and communicating with a UE on a second frequency band includes using virtual MIMO to forward one or more downlink signals from the base station to the UE and one or more uplink signals from the UE to the base station to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the base station. In some cases, the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

[0138] In some cases, the configuration received from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals indicates: the format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals. In some cases, the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed I&Q samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based on the configuration. In some cases, the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both based on the configuration. In some cases, the configuration for forwarding one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals is received from the UE or the base station.

[0139] The downlink transmission manager 1820 may monitor the first frequency band for one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by the base station to the UE on the first frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1820 may receive one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1820 may transmit at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1820 may transmit all downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band. In some examples, the downlink transmission manager 1820 may transmit a second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band. In some cases, the configuration received from the UE for forwarding one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals indicates that the wireless node is to forward at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

[0140] The uplink transmission manager 1825 may monitor the second frequency band for one or more uplink signals from the UE to forward to the base station on the first frequency band. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1825 may receive one or more uplink signals on the second frequency band. In some examples, the uplink transmission manager 1825 may transmit the one or more uplink signals received on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band.

[0141] Fig.19 A diagram of a system 1900 including a device 1905 supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1905 may be an example of or include components of the device 1605, device 1705, or wireless node 110 as described herein. The device 1905 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a communication manager 1910, a UE communication manager 1915, a base station communication manager 1920, a transceiver 1925, an antenna 1930, a memory 1935, and a processor 1945. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1950).

[0142] The communication manager 1910 may identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between a UE and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between a wireless node and a UE; receive a configuration for forwarding one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; and communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration. The UE communication manager 1915 may manage communication with the UE 115 (e.g., via one or more mobile backhaul links). The base station communication manager 1920 may manage communication with the base station 105 (e.g., via one or more direct links).

[0143] The transceiver 1925 can communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas, wired or wireless links, as described above. For example, the transceiver 1925 may represent a wireless transceiver and can communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1925 may also include a modem to modulate packets and provide the modulated packets to an antenna for transmission, and demodulate packets received from an antenna.

[0144] In some cases, a wireless device may include a single antenna 1930. However, in some cases, the device may have more than one antenna 1930, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions concurrently.

[0145] The memory 1935 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The memory 1935 may store computer readable code 1940 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., processor 1945), cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1935 may include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0146] The processor 1945 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1945 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1945. The processor 1945 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1935) to cause the device 1905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks to support UE CoMP reception and transmission).

[0147] The code 1940 may include instructions for implementing various aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions for supporting wireless communications. The code 1940 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 1940 may not be directly executed by the processor 1945, but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein.

[0148] Fig. 20 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by the UE 115 or its components as described herein. Figures 12 to 15 In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0149] At 2005, the UE may identify a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 12-15 Describes the frequency resource manager to perform.

[0150] At 2010, the UE may configure the wireless node to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 12-15 The UE CoMP configuration manager described herein is used to perform the above.

[0151] At 2015, the UE may communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band based on the configuration. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 12-15 The UE CoMP configuration manager described herein is used to perform the above.

[0152] Fig.211 is a flow chart illustrating a method 2100 for supporting UE CoMP reception and transmission according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the wireless node 110 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by the wireless node 110 or its components as described with reference to Figure 16-19 In some examples, the base station may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the base station to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, the base station may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described below.

[0153] At 2105, the base station may identify a first frequency band to be used for communication between the UE and the base station and a second frequency band to be used for communication between the wireless node and the UE. The operations of 2105 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 16-19 Describes the frequency resource manager to perform.

[0154] At 2110, the base station may receive a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band. The operations of 2110 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 16-19 The UE CoMP configuration manager described herein is used to perform the above.

[0155] At 2115, the base station may communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and communicate with the UE on the second frequency band based on the configuration. The operations of 2115 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, various aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 16-19 The UE CoMP configuration manager described herein is used to perform the above.

[0156] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0157] The technology described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. CDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 versions are generally referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is generally referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).

[0158] OFDMA systems can implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as for other systems and radio technologies. Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to applications other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.

[0159] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. A small cell may be associated with a lower power base station (compared to a macro cell), and the small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.) frequency band as the macro cell. According to various examples, a small cell may include a pico cell, a femto cell, and a micro cell. A pico cell, for example, may cover a smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. A femto cell may also cover a smaller geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may provide restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in the residence, etc.). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells and may also support communications using one or more component carriers. A gNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro gNB. A gNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell gNB, a pico gNB, a femto gNB, or a home gNB. A gNB may support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells (e.g., component carriers). A UE may be able to communicate with various types of base stations and network equipment, including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, etc.

[0160] The wireless communication systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, each base station may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be roughly aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, each base station may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0161] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout this description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0162] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0163] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted by a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Other examples and implementations fall within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination thereof. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located in various locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0164] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and it includes any medium that facilitates computer program to transfer from one place to another.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.As an example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or can be used to carry or store instruction or data structure form of desired program code means and can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor any other non-transient medium.Any connection is also properly referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is transmitted from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are just included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc as used herein include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0165] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items with a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Similarly, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary operation described as "based on condition A" may be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0166] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number that distinguishes between similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference number regardless of the second reference number, or other subsequent reference numbers.

[0167] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or that fall within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" as used herein means "used as an example, instance, or illustration" and does not mean "better than" or "better than other examples." This detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0168] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; The wireless node is configured to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, The UE is configured to receive a first subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE on the first frequency band from the base station using a first group of antennas, and to receive a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A configuration message is transmitted from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message instructing the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals to the UE and to forward the one or more uplink signals to the base station.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band comprises using virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to: communicating directly with the base station on the first frequency band; and Communicating with the base station indirectly via the wireless node on the second frequency band. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating comprises: determining that the one or more downlink signals are scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE is received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the receiving comprises: All of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating comprises: identifying the one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to the base station; as well as At least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the transmitting comprises: All of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein all of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: transmitting a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to the base station on the first frequency band; as well as A second subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more uplink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals is configured.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Communicate with the base station to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline for providing HARQ feedback regarding the one or more downlink signals to the base station.

16. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communications between a user equipment (UE) and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communications between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, wherein a first subset of the one or more downlink signals is received by the wireless node on the first frequency band and is received by the UE from the base station on the first frequency band; The wireless node is configured to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band using a first set of antennas, and to transmit a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band using an additional second set of antennas.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band comprises: The one or more downlink signals from the base station are forwarded to the UE and the one or more uplink signals from the UE are forwarded to the base station using virtual multiple-input multiple-output to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the base station.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the communicating comprises: monitoring the first frequency band for the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by the base station to the UE on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band is transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transmitting comprises: All downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates that the wireless node is to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the communicating comprises: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more uplink signals from the UE to forward to the base station on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more uplink signals on the second frequency band; as well as The one or more uplink signals received on the second frequency band are transmitted to the base station on the first frequency band.

23. The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

24. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based at least in part on the configuration.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both based at least in part on the configuration.

26. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; as well as one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with a base station and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; The wireless node is configured to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, The one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: receive a first subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE on the first frequency band from the base station using a first group of antennas, and receive a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A configuration message is transmitted from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message instructing the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals to the UE and to forward the one or more uplink signals to the base station.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band comprises using virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to: communicating directly with the base station on the first frequency band; and Communicating with the base station indirectly via the wireless node on the second frequency band.

29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the communication comprises: determining that the one or more downlink signals are scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE is received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the receiving comprises: All of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the base station to the UE.

33. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the communication comprises: identifying the one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to the base station; as well as At least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the transmitting comprises: All of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein all of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmitting a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to the base station on the first frequency band; and A second subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the base station on the first frequency band.

36. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more uplink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band to the base station on the first frequency band.

37. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals is configured.

38. An apparatus as claimed in claim 37, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both.

40. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: Communicate with the base station to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline for providing HARQ feedback regarding the one or more downlink signals to the base station.

41. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: one or more memories; as well as and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the wireless node to: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communications between a user equipment (UE) and a base station and a second frequency band to be used for communications between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forwarding, on the first frequency band, one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the base station; as well as communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, wherein a first subset of the one or more downlink signals is received by the wireless node on the first frequency band and is received by the UE from the base station on the first frequency band; The one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless node to: communicate with the base station on the first frequency band using a first group of antennas, and transmit a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

42. The apparatus of claim 41 , wherein communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band comprises: The one or more downlink signals from the base station are forwarded to the UE and the one or more uplink signals from the UE are forwarded to the base station using virtual multiple-input multiple-output to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the base station.

43. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

44. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the communication comprises: monitoring the first frequency band for the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by the base station to the UE on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band is transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the transmitting comprises: All downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

46. ​​An apparatus as described in claim 44, wherein the configuration for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals received from the UE indicates that the wireless node is to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

47. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the communication comprises: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more uplink signals from the UE to forward to the base station on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more uplink signals on the second frequency band; as well as The one or more uplink signals received on the second frequency band are transmitted to the base station on the first frequency band.

48. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

49. An apparatus as claimed in claim 48, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based at least in part on the configuration.

50. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded-=control information, or both based at least in part on the configuration.

51. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Apparatus for performing the method of any one of claims 1 to 15.

52. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: Apparatus for performing the method of any one of claims 16 to 25.

53. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications in a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 15.

54. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless node, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 16 to 25.

55. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; as well as one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: transmitting a configuration message to a wireless node, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band to a base station, or the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing for the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

57. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

58. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

59. An apparatus as described in claim 55, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals.

60. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of a decoded transport block, decoded control information, or both.

61. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the configuration message comprises a format associated with the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals.

62. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: communicating directly with the base station on the first frequency band; and Communicating indirectly with the base station via the wireless node according to virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) on the second frequency band.

63. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: The one or more second signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

64. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: The one or more first signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node over the second frequency band.

65. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: Communicate with the base station to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline to provide HARQ feedback for the one or more downlink signals to the base station.

66. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: communicating with the base station via a first set of antennas over the first frequency band; and Communicating with the wireless node over the second frequency band via a second set of antennas different from the first set of antennas.

67. An apparatus as described in claim 55, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

68. An apparatus as described in claim 55, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

69. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: one or more memories; as well as and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the wireless node to: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit to a base station one or more uplink signals on a first frequency band corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band, or that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE one or more second signals on the second frequency band corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front end processing on the one or more first signals, the one or more second signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

70. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

71. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

72. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

73. An apparatus as described in claim 69, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals.

74. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of a decoded transport block, decoded control information, or both.

75. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and to communicate with the UE on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the wireless node to: monitoring the first frequency band to address the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as The one or more second signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

76. The apparatus of claim 69, wherein to communicate with the base station on the first frequency band and to communicate with the UE on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the wireless node to: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more first signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals from the UE; receiving the one or more first signals on the second frequency band; as well as The subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the base station on the first frequency band.

77. An apparatus as described in claim 69, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

78. An apparatus as described in claim 69, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

79. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting, by the UE to a wireless node, a configuration message, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit to a base station one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band, or that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band is performed based at least in part on the configuration message.

80. The method of claim 79, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

81. The method of claim 79, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

82. The method of claim 79, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

83. A method as claimed in claim 79, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

84. A method as claimed in claim 79, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

85. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit to a base station one or more uplink signals on a first frequency band corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band, or that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE one or more second signals on the second frequency band corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

86. The method of claim 85, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

87. The method of claim 85, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

88. The method of claim 85, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

89. A method as claimed in claim 85, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

90. A method as claimed in claim 85, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

91. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: transmitting a configuration message to a wireless node, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band to a base station, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; and Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band is performed based at least in part on the configuration message.

92. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 91, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

93. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 91, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a medium access control layer.

94. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 91, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

95. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 91, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

96. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 91, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

97. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless node, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit to a base station one or more uplink signals on a first frequency band corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band, or that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE one or more second signals on the second frequency band corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the base station and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the base station via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; and Communicating with the base station on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

98. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 97, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

99. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 97, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a medium access control layer.

100. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 97, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

101. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 97, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the base station on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

102. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 97, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the base station on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

103. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with an access network entity and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; The wireless node is configured to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, The UE is configured to: receive a first subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band from the access network entity using a first group of antennas, and receive a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

104. The method of claim 103, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A configuration message is transmitted from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message instructing the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals to the UE and to forward the one or more uplink signals to the access network entity.

105. The method of claim 103, wherein communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band comprises using virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to: communicating directly with the access network entity on the first frequency band; and Communicate indirectly with the access network entity via the wireless node on the second frequency band.

106. The method of claim 103, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

107. The method of claim 103, wherein the communicating comprises: determining that the one or more downlink signals are scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE is received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

108. The method of claim 107, wherein the receiving comprises: All of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

109. The method of claim 107, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE.

110. The method of claim 107, wherein the communicating comprises: identifying the one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to the access network entity; as well as At least a subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

111. The method of claim 110, wherein the transmitting comprises: All uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein all uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

112. The method of claim 110, further comprising: transmitting a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to the access network entity on the first frequency band; as well as A second subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

113. The method of claim 110, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more uplink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

114. The method of claim 103, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals is configured.

115. A method as claimed in claim 114, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

116. The method of claim 114, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both.

117. The method of claim 103, further comprising: Communicate with the access network entity to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline for providing HARQ feedback regarding the one or more downlink signals to the access network entity.

118. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communications between a user equipment (UE) and an access network entity and a second frequency band to be used for communications between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, wherein a first subset of the one or more downlink signals is received by the wireless node on the first frequency band and is received by the UE from the access network entity on the first frequency band; The wireless node is configured to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band using a first set of antennas, and to transmit a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band using an additional second set of antennas.

119. The method of claim 118, wherein communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band comprises: The one or more downlink signals from the access network entity are forwarded to the UE and the one or more uplink signals from the UE are forwarded to the access network entity using virtual multiple-input multiple-output to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity.

120. The method of claim 118, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

121. The method of claim 118, wherein the communicating comprises: monitoring the first frequency band for the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band is transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

122. The method of claim 121, wherein the transmitting comprises: All downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

123. A method as claimed in claim 121, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates that the wireless node is to forward at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

124. The method of claim 118, wherein the communicating comprises: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more uplink signals from the UE to forward to the access network entity on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more uplink signals on the second frequency band; as well as The one or more uplink signals received on the second frequency band are transmitted to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

125. The method of claim 118, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

126. A method as claimed in claim 125, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based at least in part on the configuration.

127. The method of claim 125, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both based at least in part on the configuration.

128. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; as well as one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: identifying a first frequency band for communicating with an access network entity and a second frequency band for communicating with a wireless node; The wireless node is configured to: forward one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, Wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: receive a first subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band from the access network entity using a first group of antennas, and receive a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE from the wireless node on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

129. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A configuration message is transmitted from the UE to the wireless node, the configuration message instructing the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals to the UE and to forward the one or more uplink signals to the access network entity.

130. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band comprises using virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to: communicating directly with the access network entity on the first frequency band; and Communicate indirectly with the access network entity via the wireless node on the second frequency band.

131. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

132. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the communication comprises: determining that the one or more downlink signals are scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE is received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

133. The apparatus of claim 132, wherein the receiving comprises: All of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

134. The apparatus of claim 132, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted from the access network entity to the UE.

135. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the communication comprises: identifying the one or more uplink signals to be transmitted to the access network entity; as well as At least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

136. The apparatus of claim 135, wherein the transmitting comprises: All uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein all uplink signals of the one or more uplink signals are to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

137. The apparatus of claim 135, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: transmitting a first subset of the one or more uplink signals to the access network entity on the first frequency band; and A second subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band, wherein the second subset of the one or more uplink signals is to be forwarded by the wireless node to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

138. The apparatus of claim 135, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more uplink signals comprises: The wireless node is configured to forward the at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals transmitted to the wireless node on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

139. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein configuring the wireless node to forward the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals comprises: A format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals is configured.

140. An apparatus as described in claim 139, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

141. The apparatus of claim 139, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded control information, or both.

142. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: Communicate with the access network entity to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline for providing HARQ feedback regarding the one or more downlink signals to the access network entity.

143. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: one or more memories; as well as and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the wireless node to: identifying a first frequency band to be used for communications between a user equipment (UE) and an access network entity and a second frequency band to be used for communications between the wireless node and the UE; receiving a configuration from the UE, the configuration being used to forward one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, or to forward one or more uplink signals received from the UE on the second frequency band to the access network entity on the first frequency band; as well as communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration, wherein a first subset of the one or more downlink signals is received by the wireless node on the first frequency band and is received by the UE from the access network entity on the first frequency band; The one or more processors are further configured to cause the wireless node to: communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band using a first group of antennas, and transmit a different second subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band using an additional second group of antennas.

144. The apparatus of claim 143, wherein communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band comprises: The one or more downlink signals from the access network entity are forwarded to the UE and the one or more uplink signals from the UE are forwarded to the access network entity using virtual multiple-input multiple-output to facilitate indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity.

145. The apparatus of claim 143, wherein the wireless node is a remote radio head of the UE.

146. The apparatus of claim 143, wherein the communication comprises: monitoring the first frequency band for the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be transmitted by the access network entity to the UE on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as At least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band is transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

147. The apparatus of claim 146, wherein the transmitting comprises: All downlink signals of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

148. An apparatus as described in claim 146, wherein the configuration for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals received from the UE indicates that the wireless node is to forward the at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals to the UE.

149. The apparatus of claim 143, wherein the communication comprises: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more uplink signals from the UE to forward to the access network entity on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more uplink signals on the second frequency band; as well as The one or more uplink signals received on the second frequency band are transmitted to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

150. The apparatus of claim 143, wherein the configuration received from the UE for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals indicates a format for forwarding the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals.

151. An apparatus as described in claim 150, wherein the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals are forwarded in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of the one or more downlink signals or the one or more uplink signals based at least in part on the configuration.

152. The apparatus of claim 150, wherein the one or more downlink signals are forwarded in the form of decoded transport blocks, decoded-=control information, or both based at least in part on the configuration.

153. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: Apparatus for performing the method of any one of claims 103 to 117.

154. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: Apparatus for performing the method of any one of claims 118 to 127.

155. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 103 to 117.

156. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless node, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 118 to claim 127.

157. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; as well as one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to: transmitting a configuration message to a wireless node, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band to an access network entity, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

158. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

159. An apparatus as described in claim 157, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

160. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

161. An apparatus as described in claim 157, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals.

162. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of a decoded transport block, decoded control information, or both.

163. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein the configuration message comprises a format associated with the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals.

164. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: communicating directly with the access network entity on the first frequency band; and Communicating indirectly with the access network entity via the wireless node according to virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) on the second frequency band.

165. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: The one or more second signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals are received from the wireless node on the second frequency band.

166. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band and to communicate with the wireless node on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: The one or more first signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals are transmitted to the wireless node over the second frequency band.

167. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the UE to: Communicate with the access network entity to determine an updated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timeline to provide HARQ feedback for the one or more downlink signals to the access network entity.

168. The apparatus of claim 157, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: communicating with the access network entity via a first set of antennas on the first frequency band; and Communicating with the wireless node over the second frequency band via a second set of antennas different from the first set of antennas.

169. An apparatus as described in claim 157, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

170. An apparatus as described in claim 157, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

171. An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: one or more memories; as well as and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the wireless node to: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band to an access network entity, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front end processing on the one or more first signals, the one or more second signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

172. The apparatus of claim 171, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

173. An apparatus as described in claim 171, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

174. The apparatus of claim 171, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

175. An apparatus as described in claim 171, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of original or compressed in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) samples of one or more downlink signals or one or more uplink signals.

176. The apparatus of claim 171, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is in the form of a decoded transport block, decoded control information, or both.

177. The apparatus of claim 171, wherein to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band and to communicate with the UE on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the wireless node to: monitoring the first frequency band to address the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; receiving the one or more downlink signals on the first frequency band; as well as The one or more second signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more downlink signals received on the first frequency band are transmitted to the UE on the second frequency band.

178. The apparatus of claim 171, wherein to communicate with the access network entity on the first frequency band and to communicate with the UE on the second frequency band, the one or more processors are configured to cause the wireless node to: monitoring the second frequency band for the one or more first signals corresponding to at least a subset of the one or more uplink signals from the UE; receiving the one or more first signals on the second frequency band; as well as The subset of the one or more uplink signals is transmitted to the access network entity on the first frequency band.

179. An apparatus as described in claim 171, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

180. An apparatus as described in claim 171, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

181. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: transmitting, by the UE to a wireless node, a configuration message, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit, to an access network entity, one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band, or that the wireless node is to transmit, to the UE, one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, on a first frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity, and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

182. The method of claim 181, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

183. The method of claim 181, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

184. The method of claim 181, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

185. A method as claimed in claim 181, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

186. A method as claimed in claim 181, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

187. A method for wireless communication at a wireless node, comprising: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band to an access network entity, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; as well as Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

188. The method of claim 187, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

189. The method of claim 187, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a media access control layer.

190. The method of claim 187, wherein at least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

191. A method as claimed in claim 187, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

192. A method as claimed in claim 187, wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

193. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: transmitting a configuration message to a wireless node, the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on a second frequency band to an access network entity, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; and Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the wireless node on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

194. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 193, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

195. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 193, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a medium access control layer.

196. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 193, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

197. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 193, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals transmitted by the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

198. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 193, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals scheduled to be received by the UE on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

199. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a wireless node, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to: receiving a configuration message from a user equipment (UE), the configuration message indicating that the wireless node is to transmit one or more uplink signals corresponding to one or more first signals received from the UE on a second frequency band to an access network entity, or that the wireless node is to transmit one or more second signals corresponding to one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band to the UE on the second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is used for direct communication between the UE and the access network entity and the second frequency band is used for indirect communication between the UE and the access network entity via the wireless node, and wherein the configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to perform at least a portion of front-end processing on the one or more uplink signals, the one or more downlink signals, or both; and Communicating with the access network entity on the first frequency band and communicating with the UE on the second frequency band based at least in part on the configuration message.

200. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 199, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a layer 2 protocol or a layer 3 protocol.

201. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 199, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals is associated with a protocol at a physical layer, a protocol at a radio link control layer, or a protocol at a medium access control layer.

202. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 199, wherein: At least one of the one or more first signals or the one or more second signals operates without control of an operator associated with the first frequency band for direct communication.

203. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 199, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the access network entity on the first frequency band the one or more uplink signals corresponding to the one or more first signals received from the UE on the second frequency band, and wherein the one or more first signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

204. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 199, wherein: The configuration message indicates that the wireless node is to transmit to the UE on the second frequency band the one or more second signals corresponding to the one or more downlink signals received from the access network entity on the first frequency band, and wherein the one or more second signals are associated with a protocol layer in an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum.

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