A method and system for testing mechanical properties of gap hinges

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and system for testing the mechanical properties of a gap hinge. A hinge shaft made of a triboelectric material and a hinge sleeve made of a material having a triboluminescent effect are combined into a hinge mechanism containing a gap. The hinge mechanism serves as a triboelectric and triboluminescent sensor. The excitation signal is directly derived from the dynamic mechanical response inside the gap hinge. The mechanical signals in the dynamic process inside the gap hinge are converted into corresponding electrical signals and optical signals by utilizing the triboelectric and triboluminescent effects. These electrical and optical signals are collected to obtain a mapping relationship between the mechanical signals of the gap hinge and the electrical and optical signals, thereby realizing in-situ real-time measurement of the dynamic mechanical properties of the gap hinge, thereby avoiding the shortcomings of external sensor and external light source measurement methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing of mechanism hinges, and in particular to a method and system for testing the mechanical property of a gap hinge. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of demand for industrial robots, robot mechanisms achieve motion and dynamic transmission through components and hinges, and the requirements for accuracy, speed and reliability are also increasing. However, due to the inevitable hinge gap, the mechanism is prone to complex mechanical phenomena due to the hinge gap during operation, resulting in severe vibration and wear. Especially under the coupling of multiple hinge gaps, the hinge mechanical characteristics have strong nonlinear characteristics, which is one of the important factors affecting the motion and dynamic performance of the mechanism and has become a bottleneck for improving the performance of high-end precision mechanisms. In-depth research on the basic dynamics theory of hinge gap mechanisms and reducing the impact of gaps on mechanism performance have become one of the frontiers and hot topics in current mechanism research.

[0003] During the operation of the mechanism, the kinematic elements undergo a series of dynamic processes such as contact, collision, friction, and separation in the gap hinge, and their parameters such as force, deformation, speed, acceleration, and motion trajectory change rapidly (see Figure 1 ). At present, the dynamics of mechanisms with hinge gaps are mainly studied at home and abroad through theoretical calculation methods, and the motion state of the kinematic pair elements is modeled, solved and analyzed. However, since the dynamic state transition process of the kinematic pair elements is difficult to determine, the non-analytical form of the dynamic equation has the characteristics of high nonlinearity and strong coupling, which leads to the numerical solution process being very sensitive to the initial values ​​and system parameters, unstable calculations, and inability to directly calculate the impact force of the kinematic pair. Compared with theoretical research, since the hinge gap size is small and changes in real time during the operation of the mechanism, it is difficult to determine the motion state of the kinematic pair elements and measure related parameters, resulting in less experimental research on the dynamics of hinge mechanisms with gaps.

[0004] At present, most of the related experimental studies are based on planar closed-loop mechanical systems such as four-bar mechanisms and crank slider mechanisms with gaps such as a spherical joint, rotary joint, sliding joint, and cylindrical joint. By measuring the velocity and acceleration response of the gap mechanism, the influence of the gap kinematic pair on the dynamic characteristics of the mechanism is indirectly analyzed. At the same time, by measuring the current on and off during the operation of the gap mechanism, the collision characteristics between the elements of the gap kinematic pair are indirectly analyzed, thereby verifying the correctness of the theoretical modeling and numerical simulation results. Common experimental methods include: 1. High-speed photography of the relative motion process between the gap hinge elements. However, this method has strict requirements on high-speed cameras and it is difficult to photograph the contact conditions of the gap hinge elements in a dynamic environment. 2. Measure the end dynamic performance of the gap hinge mechanism through sensors, laser trackers, etc. Although this method is easy to implement, it cannot detect the contact and collision conditions between the gap hinge elements. 3. Analyze its contact separation characteristics by arranging a circuit between the gap hinge elements to measure the current on and off. However, this method cannot analyze the size of the gap, the axis trajectory, etc. It can be seen that it is necessary to explore new experimental methods to solve the problems of dynamic state judgment and dynamic parameter measurement of gap hinge mechanisms.

[0005] Research in materials science has found that some solid materials emit fluorescence and / or phosphorescence directly under external mechanical stimulation such as pressure, tension, impact, shear force, etc. during contact, collision, and friction. The color, intensity, and life span of the light respond sensitively to changes in the state of the mechanical stimulation. This peculiar phenomenon is called triboluminescence (TL). Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention focuses on the urgent need to improve the performance of industrial robots such as precision, efficiency and life span, and aims at the current situation that the theoretical calculation of the dynamics of the gap hinge mechanism is complex and the experimental research is difficult. A new method and system for testing the mechanical properties of the gap hinge is proposed. The friction electrification and friction luminescence effects caused by the dynamic process of the hinge elements are used to detect the dynamic state and parameters, which can provide a new idea for the theoretical research of the mechanism dynamics and a new way to control the influence of the gap on the dynamic performance of the mechanism.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] The method for testing the mechanical properties of a gap hinge of the present invention is to combine a hinge shaft that has been processed with a triboelectric material and a hinge sleeve that has been processed with a material having a triboluminescent effect into a hinge mechanism containing a gap, wherein the hinge mechanism serves as a sensor, and the dynamic process of the operating hinge mechanism is used as an excitation source, and the mechanical signals in the dynamic process are converted into corresponding electrical signals and optical signals by utilizing triboelectric charging and triboluminescent effects; these electrical and optical signals are collected to establish a mapping relationship between the mechanical signals of the gap hinge and the electrical and optical signals, thereby obtaining the dynamic mechanical properties of the gap hinge.

[0009] Among them, during the operation, the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve may contact, collide, rub, and separate due to the gap;

[0010] During the contact, collision and friction between the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve, the process is stimulated to emit light as an internal light source, and the mechanical signal in the dynamic process is converted into a light signal by using the triboluminescence effect;

[0011] During the separation process of the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve, the friction electrification effect is used to convert the mechanical signal in the process into a friction electrification current signal.

[0012] When the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve are in contact, collision or friction state, the electrical signal is 0 and the optical signal is not 0; the spectrum and light intensity of the optical signal form a mapping relationship with the collision energy and friction energy. After collecting the optical signal, the energy calculation formula is used to deduce the dynamic response parameters of the hinge mechanism under the corresponding operating conditions. The dynamic response parameters include the speed, acceleration, displacement and force of collision and friction.

[0013] When the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve change from a contact state to a separation state, the optical signal is 0, the electrical signal is not 0, a capacitor structure is formed between the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve and a current signal is generated, and the current signal is inversely proportional to the gap; after collecting the current signal, the power conversion formula is used to obtain the kinetic energy of the hinge mechanism, and then the energy calculation formula is used to deduce the dynamic response parameters of the hinge mechanism under the corresponding operating conditions. The dynamic response parameters include separation speed, acceleration, displacement and force.

[0014] Preferably, the electric signal is collected by the electric signal collection system, and the optical signal is collected by the optical signal collection system in a dark room.

[0015] Preferably, the electrical signal acquisition system is a bridge circuit, or a bridge circuit, an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation, wherein the triboelectric current signal is derived through the bridge circuit, the open circuit voltage signal curve of the bridge circuit is recorded by the oscilloscope, and the short circuit current signal curve of the bridge circuit is recorded by the electrochemical workstation;

[0016] The optical signal acquisition system includes a spectrometer, a photon counter and a camera, wherein the triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge is recorded by the photodetector of the spectrometer, the triboluminescence intensity is collected by the photon counter, and the optical track is recorded by the camera.

[0017] The gap hinge mechanical property testing system of the present invention comprises an actuator assembly, a drive system, an optical signal acquisition system, an electrical signal acquisition system and a control and recording system, wherein:

[0018] The actuator assembly includes a hinge shaft processed with a triboelectric material, a hinge sleeve processed with a material having a triboluminescent effect, the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve are combined into a hinge mechanism with a gap, the hinge mechanism is used as a sensor, and is used to use the dynamic process of the running hinge mechanism as an excitation source, and utilizes triboelectric and triboluminescent effects to convert mechanical signals in the dynamic process into corresponding electrical signals and optical signals;

[0019] The optical signal collection system is arranged around the hinge mechanism and is used to collect the optical signal generated by the hinge mechanism;

[0020] The electrical signal acquisition system is connected to the hinge mechanism and is used to acquire the electrical signal generated by the hinge mechanism;

[0021] The control recording system is connected to the actuator assembly through the drive system, and controls the movement of the actuator assembly through the drive system;

[0022] The control recording system is connected to the optical signal acquisition system and the electrical signal acquisition system, and acquires the acquired optical signals and electrical signals, thereby establishing a mapping relationship between the mechanical signal of the gap hinge and the electrical and optical signals, and obtaining the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the gap hinge.

[0023] Preferably, the electrical signal acquisition system is a bridge circuit, or a bridge circuit, an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation;

[0024] The bridge circuit connects the hinge mechanism and the control and recording system, and is used for deriving the friction electrification current signal and transmitting it to the control and recording system;

[0025] The oscilloscope is connected to the bridge circuit and the control and recording system, and is used to record the open-circuit voltage signal curve of the bridge circuit and transmit the open-circuit voltage signal to the control and recording system;

[0026] The electrochemical workstation is connected to the bridge circuit and the control and recording system to record the short-circuit current signal curve of the bridge circuit and transmit the short-circuit current signal to the control and recording system.

[0027] Preferably, the optical signal acquisition system includes a spectrometer, a photon counter and a camera respectively connected to the control and recording system, wherein the spectrometer is used to record the triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge in a dark room through its own photodetector, and transmit the recorded spectrum to the control and recording system; the photon counter is used to collect the triboluminescence light intensity in the dark room, and transmit the collected light intensity to the control and recording system; the camera is used to record the light track in the dark room, and transmit the recorded light track to the control and recording system.

[0028] Preferably, there are multiple cameras, and they are distributed in different positions to record the light track in 360 degrees.

[0029] Preferably, the control and recording system adopts a computer or an industrial computer.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention utilizes triboelectric charging and triboluminescence effects to convert mechanical signals during the movement of the gap hinge into optical and electrical signals. No additional sensors are required, and the dynamic behavior of the gap hinge can be studied in real time. In addition, triboelectric charging and triboluminescence effects correspond to non-contact and contact states, respectively, and the electrical and optical signals complement each other in staggered peaks. Therefore, using optical and electrical signals to study the dynamic behavior of the gap hinge can be very intuitive and clear.

[0032] 2. Compared with traditional pressure sensors, the triboelectric sensor constructed by the present invention has the following advantages: (1) It can use open-circuit voltage signals for static measurement and short-circuit current signals for measuring the dynamic process of mechanically triggered spike signals; (2) The rapid response of static and dynamic sensing enables it to reveal the details of the loading pressure; (3) Due to the high electrical output, the detection limit of dynamic sensing is low and the sensitivity is high; (4) In addition to simple pressure stimulation, multiple force components of other dynamic mechanical stimulations such as shearing, stretching, bending and twisting can also be detected.

[0033] At present, triboelectric sensors are mainly used for monitoring biological motion signals. A small number of literature reports on their use in acceleration measurement in vehicle collision tests, measurement of eccentric displacement of flexible hinge structure shafts, real-time pneumatic monitoring of the position and velocity of piston-cylinder systems, and dynamic behavior of water droplets dripping on solid surfaces. Compared with piezoelectric sensors, triboelectric sensors have a wider range of applications. They can directly use hinge components to convert the contact and separation process of hinge components into triboelectric signals, thereby determining the moment when the state transition occurs. Therefore, the application of triboelectric effect in the in-situ measurement of dynamic mechanical properties of gap hinges is worth exploring.

[0034] 3. Although high-speed cameras or laser trackers can use external light sources to obtain the macroscopic motion trajectory of hinge components, they cannot detect the microscopic relative motion trajectory inside the gap hinge mechanism. Unlike electrical signals, optical signals can display the details of dynamic processes such as collision and friction in real time. Therefore, an internal light source in the hinge is needed to detect the dynamic state and response parameters of the hinge component. In this regard, the present invention organically combines the hinge component with advanced functional materials to construct a triboluminescent sensor, which can use the dynamic processes such as collision and friction of the hinge component to stimulate luminescence as an internal light source to detect the dynamic state and parameters. This design expands the application of advanced functional materials in the mechanical field and provides a new method for research in the mechanical field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the state of the gap hinge during movement.

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the relationship between triboelectric charging, triboluminescence effect and the dynamic motion process of the gap hinge.

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the triboelectric sensor in vertical contact-separation mode.

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the gap hinge mechanical property testing system in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is the overall research idea and technical roadmap for the gap hinge mechanical property testing method in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for testing the mechanical properties of a gap hinge based on triboelectric charging and triboluminescence effects, which utilizes hinge components with triboelectric charging (TE) and triboluminescence (TL) effects to build a hinge mechanism containing a gap (referred to as a gap hinge for short), and uses the gap hinge as a TE sensor and a TL sensor to detect the dynamic mechanical process inside the gap hinge.

[0043] Here, the gap hinge specifically refers to a hinge sleeve having a triboluminescent effect after being processed using a material having a triboluminescent effect, and a hinge shaft having a triboelectric effect after being processed using a triboelectric material. The processed hinge shaft is housed in the processed hinge sleeve, and there is a gap between the two.

[0044] Among them, the material with triboluminescence effect can be doped with transition or rare earth ions (such as Pr 3+ 、Sm 3+ 、Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ 、Dy 3+ 、Ho 3+ 、Ce 3+ ) triboluminescent materials, or other materials that can achieve triboluminescence, such as those containing Mn, Zn ions, etc. Triboelectric charging can be caused by any two materials with different abilities to gain or lose electrons. The greater the difference in the ability to gain or lose electrons, the higher the electrical output effect.

[0045] Due to the existence of the gap, when the hinge mechanism moves, the hinge shaft as a moving component will contact, collide, rub, and separate with the hinge sleeve as a fixed component. Figure 1These interacting dynamic processes can be used as excitation sources. The sensor uses friction electrification and friction luminescence effects to convert the mechanical signals in the dynamic process into corresponding electrical signals and light signals.

[0046] The method of this embodiment detects these signals through sensors and processes them, so as to establish a mapping relationship between the mechanical signal of the gap hinge and the electrical and optical signals, and obtain the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the gap hinge.

[0047] Among them, Figure 5 As shown in Figure 1, (1) the mechanism of the relationship between the triboelectric and triboluminescent effects and the dynamic mechanical properties of the gap hinge is as follows:

[0048] When the moving component contacts, collides and rubs with the fixed component, the molecular structure of the triboluminescent material changes under the action of pressure, collision force and friction force, absorbs elastic energy and enters the excited state, and releases energy in the form of light radiation when it spontaneously transitions to the ground state. At this time, the contact, collision and friction process stimulates luminescence, which can be used as an internal light source. The spectrum (i.e. wavelength, also known as the particle transition energy level difference) and light intensity (i.e. the number of transition particles) are mapped to the collision energy and friction energy, so the dynamic response parameters of the hinge mechanism such as speed, displacement (i.e. collision depth and friction distance), force and acceleration can be calculated according to the energy calculation formula.

[0049] When the moving component is separated from the fixed component, the two form a capacitor structure. According to the capacitance calculation formula and the definition that the capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance between the electrodes, the induced charge will flow between the electrodes as the gap changes, thereby generating current. It can be seen that the current value and the gap size can form a mapping relationship (inversely proportional). Furthermore, the kinetic energy of the moving component can be converted according to the power, and the dynamic response parameters such as speed, acceleration, displacement and force of the hinge mechanism can be calculated using the energy calculation formula.

[0050] In the separation stage (non-contact free motion state), due to the triboelectric effect, an induced current that changes dynamically with the size of the gap will be generated, but because there is no force, there will be no triboluminescence effect, that is, the light signal is 0, and the electrical signal is not 0. Conversely, in the contact, collision and friction stages, due to the triboluminescence effect, a light intensity that changes dynamically with the size of the excitation force will be generated, but because there is no gap, there will be no triboelectric effect, that is, the electrical signal is 0, and the light signal is not 0. Therefore, triboelectric charging and triboluminescence effects correspond to non-contact and contact states respectively, and the electrical and optical signals complement each other with staggered peaks (see Figure 2 ), as a physical model for dynamic mechanical testing of gap hinge mechanisms, the theory is intuitive and clear.

[0051] (2) Figure 4As shown, the related equipment used includes: an actuator assembly, a drive system, an optical signal acquisition system, an electrical signal acquisition system and a control recording system. These equipments together constitute a gap hinge mechanical property test system that can implement the method of this embodiment.

[0052] In this embodiment, the actuator assembly mainly includes a gap hinge that can be used as a TE sensor and a TL sensor, and other components for supporting and fixing the gap hinge (such as Figure 4 Anti-vibration table, polycarbonate flat plate).

[0053] The control and recording system can be a computer or an industrial computer. The drive system mainly includes a drive motor connected to the actuator assembly, and a drive controller connected to the drive motor and the control and recording system. The control and recording system can control the drive motor through the drive controller, thereby controlling the movement of the actuator assembly.

[0054] The optical signal acquisition system is arranged around the gap hinge. In this embodiment, the optical signal acquisition system includes a spectrometer, a photon counter and a camera connected to the control recording system. The spectrometer can record the triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge through its own photodetector, and the photon counter can be used to collect the triboluminescence light intensity. The number of cameras can be multiple. For example, in this embodiment, three high-speed cameras are used, which are distributed in different positions to achieve 360-degree full-scale recording of the light track (i.e., the trajectory of the light) to obtain the trajectory of contact, collision and friction between the two components.

[0055] The electrical signal acquisition system can be a bridge circuit, or a bridge circuit, an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation. The bridge circuit connects the hinge mechanism and the control and recording system, and can be used to derive the friction electrification current signal. The oscilloscope connects the bridge circuit and the control and recording system, and can be used to record the open circuit voltage signal curve of the bridge circuit. The electrochemical workstation connects the bridge circuit and the control and recording system, and can be used to record the short circuit current signal curve of the bridge circuit.

[0056] (3) The design and calibration of the hinge structure with sensing function based on triboelectric charging and luminescence effect are as follows:

[0057] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the influence of non-gap factors, a simple gap rotary hinge is selected as the test object, and triboelectric and triboluminescent materials are selected to process the hinge shaft and sleeve respectively. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the processed hinge sleeve contains three layers, from the inside to the outside: a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material layer doped with rare earth triboluminescent particles, a conductive material layer, and a polycarbonate (PC) material layer. The hinge shaft is made of stainless steel. The hinge shaft and the sleeve are then combined to serve as a sensor.

[0058] Next, the hinge shaft and the sleeve are operated in a nearly vertical contact and separation mode in the contact and separation state (see Figure 3 ), and works in an approximately horizontal sliding mode under collision and friction conditions.

[0059] a. Change the driving conditions of the driving system, test the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the bridge circuit under different operating conditions as the gap distance changes, so as to further establish the mapping relationship between the current and the dynamic response parameters under different working conditions, and derive the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the gap hinge in the separation state.

[0060] Changing the driving conditions, in a dark room environment (see Figure 4 ) is used to test the luminous intensity, wavelength and light track that change with the collision force and friction force under different working conditions to prevent the interference of visible light, so as to further establish the mapping relationship between light intensity, wavelength, light track and dynamic response parameters, and the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the gap hinge under contact, collision and friction states are derived by formula.

[0061] The mapping relationship established above can be used as a linear correlation for calibrating output (such as electrical voltage, current, power, etc., wavelength, intensity, trajectory, etc. of light) and input (dynamic mechanical properties, such as the magnitude and direction of force, etc.). When the output is known, it can also be used to infer the input.

[0062] b. Through the above process, the sensor performance parameters are tested and optimized to meet the dynamic mechanical state and parameter signal conversion and acquisition requirements inside the hinge during the movement of the gap rotary hinge, such as meeting the sensitivity, responsiveness, linearity, detection limit and other requirements, to ensure that the sensor has good detection accuracy.

[0063] c. Subsequently, the contact and separation states of the gap hinge during movement are simulated by driving the permanent magnet electric vibration table. The electrical output performance of the sensor during the contact-separation process is measured by the electrical signal acquisition system, and the change in the electrical output curve when the gap hinge state changes is calibrated.

[0064] The collision and friction states of the gap hinge during movement are simulated through falling ball impact and ball-disk friction experiments respectively. The luminous spectrum and light intensity of the sensor are measured through the optical signal acquisition system, and the relationship between the spectrum, light intensity and force is calibrated.

[0065] (4) In-situ measurement experimental study of dynamic mechanical properties of gap hinges based on triboelectric and luminescent effects:

[0066] The gap hinge is used as a TE and TL sensor to convert the mechanical signals during its movement into electrical and optical signals.

[0067] The open circuit voltage and short circuit current curves are recorded by an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. The triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge is recorded by the detector of the spectrometer, the triboluminescence intensity is collected by the photon counter, and the trajectory of the light is collected by a high-speed camera. This information can be directly displayed on the instrument, of course, it can also be transmitted to the connected computer / industrial computer through the instrument and displayed on the monitor of the computer / industrial computer.

[0068] The collected optical and electrical signals are analyzed and processed by a computer / industrial computer. The dynamic response parameters such as force, deformation, velocity, acceleration and motion trajectory of the gap hinge in contact, collision, friction and separation states can be inferred based on the mapping relationship established in (3). At the same time, the dynamic mechanical process of the gap hinge can be derived.

[0069] It can be seen that the present invention can dynamically measure in situ and in real time the dynamic response characteristics such as force, deformation, velocity, acceleration and motion trajectory of the hinge component during the contact, collision, friction and separation processes within the gap hinge. No additional sensors are required, and the signal comes directly from the dynamic mechanical process inside the gap hinge, thus avoiding the shortcomings of exogenous detection methods.

[0070] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the mechanical properties of a gap hinge, characterized in that: A hinge shaft processed with a triboelectric material and a hinge sleeve processed with a material having a triboluminescent effect are combined into a hinge mechanism with a gap, the hinge mechanism is used as a sensor, the dynamic process of the running hinge mechanism is used as an excitation source, and the mechanical signal in the dynamic process is converted into a corresponding electrical signal and optical signal by using triboelectric and triboluminescent effects; Without the need for additional sensors, the dynamic behavior of the gap hinge can be studied in real time and in situ, and these electrical and optical signals can be collected to establish a mapping relationship between the mechanical signal of the gap hinge and the electrical and optical signals, and obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the gap hinge. The optical signal is collected by an optical signal collection system, which includes a spectrometer, a photon counter and a high-speed camera. The triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge is recorded by the photodetector of the spectrometer, the triboluminescence intensity is collected by the photon counter, and the light track is recorded by the high-speed camera.

2. The method for testing mechanical properties of gap hinges according to claim 1, characterized in that: During operation, the hinge shaft and hinge sleeve may come into contact, collide, rub, and separate due to the gap; During the contact, collision and friction between the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve, the process is stimulated to emit light as an internal light source, and the mechanical signal in the process is converted into an optical signal by using the triboluminescence effect; During the separation process of the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve, the friction electrification effect is used to convert the mechanical signal in the process into a friction electrification current signal.

3. The method for testing mechanical properties of gap hinges according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve are in contact, collision or friction state, the electrical signal is 0 and the optical signal is not 0; the spectrum and light intensity of the optical signal form a mapping relationship with the collision energy and friction energy. After collecting the optical signal, the energy calculation formula is used to deduce the dynamic response parameters of the hinge mechanism under the corresponding operating conditions. The dynamic response parameters include the speed, acceleration, displacement and force of collision and friction. When the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve change from a contact state to a separation state, the optical signal is 0, the electrical signal is not 0, a capacitor structure is formed between the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve and a current signal is generated, and the current signal is inversely proportional to the gap; after collecting the current signal, the power conversion formula is used to obtain the kinetic energy of the hinge mechanism, and then the energy calculation formula is used to deduce the dynamic response parameters of the hinge mechanism under the corresponding operating conditions. The dynamic response parameters include separation speed, acceleration, displacement and force.

4. The method for testing mechanical properties of gap hinges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical signal is collected by the electrical signal collection system, and the optical signal is collected by the optical signal collection system in a dark room.

5. The method for testing mechanical properties of gap hinges according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrical signal acquisition system is a bridge circuit, or a bridge circuit, an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation, wherein the friction charging current signal is derived through the bridge circuit, the open circuit voltage signal curve of the bridge circuit is recorded through the oscilloscope, and the short circuit current signal curve of the bridge circuit is recorded through the electrochemical workstation.

6. A gap hinge mechanical property testing system, characterized in that: It includes actuator components, drive system, optical signal acquisition system, electrical signal acquisition system and control recording system, among which: The actuator assembly includes a hinge shaft processed with a triboelectric material, a hinge sleeve processed with a material having a triboluminescent effect, and the hinge shaft and the hinge sleeve are combined into a hinge mechanism with a gap. The hinge mechanism is used as a sensor to use the dynamic process of the running hinge mechanism as an excitation source, and to convert the mechanical signal in the dynamic process into a corresponding electrical signal and optical signal by using triboelectric charging and triboluminescent effects. No additional sensors are required, and the dynamic behavior of the gap hinge is dynamically studied in situ and in real time. The optical signal acquisition system is arranged around the hinge mechanism and is used to collect the optical signal generated by the hinge mechanism; the optical signal acquisition system includes a spectrometer, a photon counter and a high-speed camera respectively connected to the control and recording system; The electrical signal acquisition system is connected to the hinge mechanism and is used to acquire the electrical signal generated by the hinge mechanism; The control recording system is connected to the actuator assembly through the drive system, and controls the movement of the actuator assembly through the drive system; The control recording system is connected to the optical signal acquisition system and the electrical signal acquisition system, and acquires the acquired optical signals and electrical signals, thereby establishing a mapping relationship between the mechanical signals of the gap hinge and the electrical signals and optical signals, and obtaining the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the gap hinge.

7. The gap hinge mechanical property testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The electrical signal acquisition system is a bridge circuit, or a bridge circuit, an oscilloscope and an electrochemical workstation; The bridge circuit connects the hinge mechanism and the control and recording system, and is used for deriving the friction electrification current signal and transmitting it to the control and recording system; The oscilloscope is connected to the bridge circuit and the control and recording system, and is used to record the open-circuit voltage signal curve of the bridge circuit and transmit the open-circuit voltage signal to the control and recording system; The electrochemical workstation is connected to the bridge circuit and the control and recording system to record the short-circuit current signal curve of the bridge circuit and transmit the short-circuit current signal to the control and recording system.

8. The gap hinge mechanical property testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spectrometer is used to record the triboluminescence spectrum of the gap hinge through its own photodetector, and transmit the recorded spectrum to the control and recording system; the photon counter is used to collect the triboluminescence light intensity, and transmit the collected light intensity to the control and recording system; the high-speed camera is used to record the light track, and transmit the recorded light track to the control and recording system.

9. The gap hinge mechanical property testing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are multiple high-speed cameras, which are distributed in different locations to record the light track in 360 degrees.

10. The gap hinge mechanical property testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control and recording system uses a computer or industrial computer.

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