Multi-laser structures, particularly RGB laser modules, and devices including such structures.

Abstract

This invention relates to a multi-laser configuration, particularly an RGB laser module, comprising: a housing having a housing cover, wherein at least one opening is formed in the housing cover for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, the opening having a transparent element disposed therewith, including a base plate, wherein a first laser emitting in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum, a second laser emitting in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum, and a third laser emitting in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum are arranged within the housing, wherein feed lines pass through the housing and are guided to the respective lasers, and wherein, when the lasers are in operation, a major portion of the light emitted by the lasers passes through the transparent element, wherein each laser is respectively a) arranged on a base, b) spaced apart from the bottom surface of the base plate, and c) aligned with each other, wherein the main direction of laser emission is substantially parallel to the base plate of the housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-laser structure, particularly an RGB laser module, and an apparatus including the structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the steady improvement in the acquisition and digital processing of analog data, it has become possible not only to digitally reproduce this data, but also to add other virtual data to this digitized data, which can provide users with an extended display of reality, also known as augmented reality.

[0003] Corresponding devices include, for example, glasses also known as AR glasses, in which virtual images are overlaid on natural images perceived through the glasses via projection devices typically mounted on the temples. Such devices are also referred to, more generally, as head-mounted displays.

[0004] US 2013 / 0044042 A1 disclosed this type of AR glasses, also known as Google Mirror. WO 2019 / 067042A1 describes another type of AR glasses called Microsoft HoloLens.

[0005] EP 1285303 B1 describes a mobile system for generating a virtual display for a mobile phone, wherein the display device includes independently controllable units that can operate in passive or active modes, wherein these units are light-transmitting in passive mode and generate images in the virtual display in active mode. A disadvantage of this configuration is that the units in passive mode negatively affect the light passing through them.

[0006] DE 102018106 A1 describes a semiconductor laser and projector in which the support for the semiconductor chip is made of, for example, aluminum nitride or silicon carbide, and may be coated with Ti, Pt and / or Au for contact surfaces, and mechanical and electrical contact is achieved, particularly by means of a gold-tin (AuSn) soldering process. Aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, or diamond-like carbon, as well as metals such as gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, titanium, or silver, are disclosed as thermally conductive materials for better thermal coupling between the semiconductor lasers, but not as supports for them.

[0007] To provide wearers of head-mounted displays, or especially AR glasses, with the highest possible wearing comfort and high-quality visual experience, there is significant interest in compact, electrically triggered light sources that provide electrically triggered colored light. Furthermore, these light sources should be easily integrated into the other components supporting them. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This is achieved by the multi-laser configuration defined in claim 1, and in particular by utilizing the RGB laser module disclosed in claim 1, wherein other advantageous designs can be learned not only from the dependent claims but also from further disclosures in the specification and from the drawings.

[0009] This invention relates to a multi-laser structure, particularly an RGB laser module, comprising:

[0010] The housing has

[0011] housing cover,

[0012] The housing cover has at least one opening for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, and the opening has a transparent element disposed therewith.

[0013] Base plate,

[0014] in

[0015] The first laser, especially, emits in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum.

[0016] The second laser, especially the one emitting in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum, and

[0017] Preferably, a third laser, particularly emitting in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum.

[0018] Arranged inside the shell, wherein

[0019] The feed lines pass through the housing and are guided to the individual lasers, and

[0020] When the laser is running, the majority of the light emitted by the laser passes through the transparent element.

[0021] Each laser is respectively

[0022] i) Preferably, on the base

[0023] ii) Arranged at intervals from the bottom surface of the base plate, and

[0024] iii) The lasers are aligned with each other.

[0025] in

[0026] The main direction of laser emission is basically parallel to the bottom plate of the casing.

[0027] While simultaneously providing the main portion of laser emission as usable light, the use of a base allows for a very defined arrangement of the lasers within the housing and optimization of the housing geometry, particularly its size. The main portion of the laser should be understood as the proportion of light emitted by each laser through its emitting end face on the transparent element being greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, and most preferably greater than 90%.

[0028] Furthermore, the base may include a heat capacity and specific thermal conductivity, also defined by its dimensions. The material allows each laser to selectively dissipate heat during its operation, thus selectively drawing heat away from them and, in this case, dissipating that heat to the outside of the housing.

[0029] In this multi-laser configuration, the individual electrical triggerability of each laser is also advantageous, especially the base plate, where, depending on the color or intensity to be displayed, not all lasers simultaneously emit the brightness or chromaticity of the image signal to be displayed as necessary, and can even be completely silent during blanking or dark phases, and where there is only a small optical interaction between the individual lasers within the housing, where even under relatively strong emission, thus under full electrical control of one laser, there will be no optical interaction with one of the corresponding other lasers, especially when that laser emits, for example, only at a significantly lower intensity.

[0030] Compared to semiconductor structures that emit light perpendicularly to the base plate, the advantage of RGB laser modules lies in their better integrability, especially in applications where only a small space is available, because the base plate can be formed as a carrier component and can accommodate other optical components, especially when the light emitted by the laser is modulated.

[0031] Typically, within the scope of this disclosure, the blue spectral range is defined as a wavelength range from 450 nm to 490 nm, the green spectral range as a wavelength range from greater than 490 nm to 560 nm, and the red spectral range as a wavelength range from 630 nm to 700 nm, thereby providing a color space that is beneficial for displaying visual signals by utilizing the currently disclosed multi-laser structure.

[0032] Alternatively, more than one laser or all lasers can emit light within the same spectral range, which is advantageous, for example, when using a multi-laser configuration for illumination purposes.

[0033] Within the scope of this disclosure, the principal direction of laser emission is understood as the optical axis of the laser emitted by each laser, or at least the direction of propagation of the maximum intensity based on the maximum value of the transverse intensity distribution of the emitted laser, and therefore the axial direction of the maximum transverse intensity.

[0034] Within the scope of this disclosure, and for the sake of brevity, the term main emission direction is used synonymously for the main direction of laser emission.

[0035] The statement that the main direction of laser emission is substantially parallel to the base plate of the housing is defined as follows: the main direction of laser emission rises no more than 5° upward from the plane defined by the lower surface of the base plate or substrate 4, or tilts no more than 5° downward in the plane.

[0036] A particularly advantageous construction is achieved when the housing cover comprises or is made of metal and the base plate comprises or is made of metal, and the housing cover is connected to the base plate by welding.

[0037] Here, the phrase "including metals" should be clarified, for example, that the metal body may be partially or completely covered with a non-metallic coating, such as an oxide layer or varnish, especially a highly absorbent matte varnish.

[0038] Connecting the housing cover to the base plate by welding (Schweiβen or Verschweiβen) offers significant advantages for the continuous operational strength of multi-laser configurations, as this provides a fluid-tight and gas-tight connection between the housing cover and the base plate, corresponding to, for example, standard MIL-STD 883, method 1014.

[0039] When brazing such housings, for example when brazing a housing cover to a preferably metal-coated ceramic substrate as a base plate, fluxes such as formic acid are typically used in a nitrogen or hydrogen atmosphere. The residues of these fluxes then remain in the housing. Even in trace amounts, these residues have already interacted with and damaged the semiconductor material of the semiconductor laser that emits in the blue spectrum.

[0040] This is not the case in the embodiment described here, because in that embodiment, for example, the transparent element can first be fixed to the housing cover by a brazing process, and then (especially after cleaning the housing cover) the brazing process to the base plate is performed. This ensures that the H2O content in the atmosphere inside the housing is less than 5000 ppm, and that the allowable moisture pressure is not exceeded throughout the entire service life of the component due to the airtight design of the housing, corresponding to standard MIL 883, method 1018.

[0041] If the base and the bottom plate are formed integrally, this has an advantage in terms of manufacturing technology, because the correspondingly shaped bottom plate can then be provided at low cost through surface finishing or stamping processes that remove material.

[0042] However, if the base plate comprises or is made of a metal such as cold-rolled steel CRS1010, and the pedestal is made of a different material than the base plate, particularly oxygen-free high conductive copper OFHC (Oxygen-free high conductive Copper), and preferably, the pedestal is pressed, brazed, or welded to the base plate, then a pedestal with a defined advantageous specific thermal conductivity can be provided, the heat capacity of which is provided by its structural dimensions, its specific heat capacity, and by the selection of its material. This allows for targeted heat dissipation from each laser. ---Cooling enables effective temperature management.

[0043] In this context, the material information above is given by way of example only, and may alternatively include other metals such as aluminum, steel, or stainless steel, as well as austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, but preferably they remain rust-free only when performing the present invention. Furthermore, in principle, Monel alloys with high titanium and copper content may also be used, or fused alloys including nickel-iron alloys or nickel-iron-cobalt alloys may also be used.

[0044] In other advantageous embodiments, a fast-axis-collimating (FAC) lens is arranged on a base, preferably spaced apart from the end face of the laser, so as to obtain the most efficient beam shaping with low intensity loss by shielding the diverging beam of the emitted laser beam.

[0045] The transparent element may particularly preferably comprise or be made of glass. Here, the glass of the transparent element may include, for example, quartz glass or borosilicate glass. In addition, the transparent element may also be made of or comprise sapphire, especially as a crystalline material.

[0046] However, generally, when the transmittance is measured in the direction of radiation emitted by the laser, the transparent element has a transmittance of more than 80%, particularly preferably more than 90%, in the spectral range of wavelengths from 250 to 2000 nm.

[0047] In the sense of this disclosure, the terms light emitted by a laser and radiation emitted by a laser are understood in the same sense and used synonymously.

[0048] In another design, the transparent element can be formed as a fast-axis collimating FAC lens, or it can include a fast-axis collimating FAC lens, especially mounted on the transparent element.

[0049] Alternatively, the transparent element can be formed as a fiberboard or include a fiberboard.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the transparent element is held on the housing cover by means of glass solder, or is held on a frame arranged on the housing cover by means of glass solder.

[0051] In other embodiments with a smaller size than the aforementioned embodiment that uses glass solder to connect the transparent element to the housing cover, the transparent element can be held on the housing cover by means of metal solder, preferably by means of AuSn solder.

[0052] Other design options include transparent elements welded to the housing cover.

[0053] When the wall of the housing cover, on which at least the transparent element is disposed, is formed to be tilted relative to the base plate, wherein the tilt angle of the wall of the housing cover relative to the normal direction of the bottom surface of the base plate is in the range of 35° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, and particularly preferably 43° to 48°, the back reflection of emitted light on the transparent element back into one or more lasers can be suppressed very effectively. These structural forms can generally eliminate the need for an anti-reflective coating on the transparent element without causing defects in the high efficiency of multi-laser configurations due to reflected or scattered light.

[0054] Preferably, the tilt angle α given above is preferably selected to intentionally generate a back reflection, which is used to measure the laser power by means of a monitoring photodiode, which is also referred to as a monitoring diode in the present case.

[0055] However, in order to suppress direct back reflections into the laser resonators of the individual lasers in the RGB laser module, a small angle, such as typically 7°-15°, is sufficient.

[0056] Advantageously, a monitoring diode can also be arranged below the transparent element, and the laser light reflected from the transparent element is directed onto the monitoring diode, allowing sensor signals to be obtained regarding the intensity of the light emitted by each laser assigned to the monitoring diode. This provides a fast and efficient feedback signal, enabling precise and controlled triggering of the multi-laser configuration.

[0057] Here, the term "below" should be understood relative to the base plate and relative to the shell cover. Perpendicular to the base plate, i.e., in the normal direction, and in the direction of the shell cover, it is understood as pointing upwards. Therefore, in this direction, one body can be above, below, or at the same height as another body. Referring to the Cartesian coordinate system described later, pointing upwards also indicates its positive Z direction.

[0058] Alternatively or additionally, monitoring diodes may be arranged behind the lasers, particularly on supports assigned to these lasers, wherein preferably each laser is assigned at least one respective monitoring diode, and the supports may have a conductive coating as feed lines for the respective monitoring diodes.

[0059] In the sense of this disclosure, the light-emitting surface of a laser facing the transparent element is defined as the front side, and the propagation direction of the laser emitted through this light-emitting surface is defined as either emitted in a "forward direction" or emitted in a "forward direction". The term "arranged behind the laser" defines a position in front of another light-emitting surface of the laser, which is located on a side opposite to the transparent element.

[0060] The monitoring diode can preferably be arranged on a support, preferably made of ceramic, and the normal direction of the surface of the support on which the monitoring diode is arranged can be oriented obliquely relative to the main emission direction of at least one of the lasers. The oblique angle relative to the main emission direction is in the range of 3° to 15°, preferably 5° to 10°, and particularly preferably 6° to 8°. Thus, light emitted from the rear side of the laser is very effectively reflected by the monitoring diode, preventing the light from re-entering one of the lasers and thus avoiding undesirable optical interactions, such as mode coupling of the resonator modes of the individual lasers.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, at least the normal direction of the wall of the housing cover on which the transparent element is disposed is formed to be oblique relative to the main emission direction of at least one of the lasers, wherein the oblique angle relative to the main emission direction is within the range of 3° to 15°, preferably 5° to 10°, and particularly preferably 6° to 8°. Light emitted from the front side of the laser is very effectively reflected by the surface of the transparent element, so that the light no longer enters back into one of the lasers and therefore no undesirable optical interactions, such as coupling of the resonator modes of the respective lasers, occur.

[0062] In an alternative design, the housing cover includes multiple openings, each with a transparent element assigned to one of these openings, or the transparent element is assigned to all of these openings collectively.

[0063] In another advantageous design, the housing cover includes multiple openings, each with a transparent element disposed at one of the openings. This transparent element forms a beam-shaping optical element selected from a group of optical elements, which includes:

[0064] Spherical or plano-convex / concave-convex lenses, spherical or hemispherical lenses.

[0065] Aspherical plano-convex or concave-convex lenses.

[0066] Thus, the multi-laser structure can be very compact and, due to its precise dimensions, even integrated into an external optical system in an optically pre-adjusted manner, meaning that the axial and lateral positions of the optical elements have been adjusted. Here, if necessary, the base plate of the multi-laser structure can be inserted into a pre-formed, precisely arranged groove in another optical system and is accommodated in an adjusted state relative to the other optical system through this positioning. Heat can also be reliably dissipated from the multi-laser structure through contact between the base plate and the other optical system, and additional heat dissipation of the lasers in the multi-laser structure can be achieved through that other optical system.

[0067] Other structural degrees of freedom can be created when the optical fiber is connected to the housing, especially the housing cap, preferably by means of an optical fiber connector, particularly a detachable optical fiber connector, or by a durable optical fiber connector, because this allows multiple laser configurations to be arranged, for example, at intervals from another optical system, as will be shown in more detail later for other optical systems provided by AR glasses.

[0068] When each laser in a multi-laser configuration is assigned an optical fiber, and the fibers assigned to the lasers are bundled together, in which the fibers are arranged preferably closely adjacent to each other with their respective fiber cores and preferably form a common fiber sheath around the fiber cores, this can further contribute to the structural compactness of the system composed of multi-laser configurations and other optical systems. When, for example, the optical fibers are arranged side-by-side in a plane, and the row direction of the assigned imaging device extends in that plane, for example in another assigned optical device with line-by-line image generation, the human eye can perceive a white color impression through the superposition of light components from a first laser emitting in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum, a second laser emitting in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum, and a third laser emitting in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum, in the row direction, if these corresponding color components superimpose so rapidly in the corresponding rows that the human eye can no longer distinguish the color change. Thus, the potentially lengthy process of splicing optical fibers can be eliminated, and the individual optical fibers in this embodiment can be very short.

[0069] Within the scope of this invention, the terms "fiber," "optical fiber," and "optical guide fiber" are used for fibers adapted to guide light emitted by a laser in the blue, green, and red range across the entire spectral range emitted by the laser and to transmit it from its inlet to its outlet with minimal loss. Such fibers are known to those skilled in the art and require no further explanation.

[0070] Multi-laser configurations can advantageously include glass-metal feedthroughs for feed lines to the lasers and / or monitoring diodes.

[0071] When the monitoring diodes each have color filters, especially when they are each configured as bandpass color filters for the emission wavelength of the lasers respectively, the light of the corresponding other lasers can be suppressed, and a better signal-to-interference ratio or a better signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained for the sensor signals of the monitoring diodes.

[0072] When the base plate of the housing is set to a reference potential and is charged, the electronic wiring of multi-laser structures can be simplified, and a housing that is reliable for operation can be provided to the user.

[0073] In another advantageous design, the base plate can be formed as a support for optical components, particularly as a structure that protrudes below the housing cover.

[0074] To suppress scattered light, the inner side of the housing cover can be blackened, especially with a matte finish, using paint or coatings such as black chrome plating or zinc-nickel coatings, and particularly electrolytic coatings. In this way, more than 98% of the light incident on the surface can be absorbed by the surface coated in this manner within the spectral range of light emitted by the laser.

[0075] Advantageously, the housing may have a protective structure for the glass of the transparent element, which is specifically formed as a section that protrudes from the transparent element in the lateral direction.

[0076] When the housing includes housing dimensions, for example, having a height of 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm (especially in the X direction), and / or a width of 4 mm to 10 mm (especially in the Y direction) and / or a length of 4 mm to 10 mm (especially in the Z direction), it can provide structurally attractive multi-laser configurations for many applications, especially mobile applications.

[0077] Within the scope of the detailed description below, especially referring to... Figure 4 The Cartesian coordinate system shown above explains the directions given above in more detail, especially the corresponding X, Y, and Z directions.

[0078] These mobile applications may involve, for example, AR glasses or glasses that include such a multi-laser configuration, or they may involve head-up displays, such as those used in protective helmets, helmet visors for motorcycle helmets, helmet visors for police or security forces helmets, or instruments or structures for avionics systems.

[0079] Projectors can also benefit from the currently disclosed multi-laser architecture and their very small size, especially when used in mobile devices. Attached Figure Description

[0080] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0081] In the attached diagram:

[0082] Figure 1 A perspective view of a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure according to the present invention is shown in a front-up, oblique view with the housing cover partially transparent.

[0083] Figure 2 Also shown in a partially transparent view of the casing cover. Figure 1 The top view shown is a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure according to the present invention.

[0084] Figure 3 It shows in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The top view shown is of the base plate according to a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 4 The view is shown from a front-up, oblique angle, with an opaque view of the housing cover. Figures 1 to 3 Another perspective view of the first embodiment of the multi-laser structure according to the present invention shown.

[0086] Figure 5 The view shown from the front, above, at an angle is as follows: Figures 1 to 4 The diagram shows a perspective view of a base plate of a variant according to a first embodiment of a multi-laser structure based on the present invention, the variant having recesses on the base for arranging the individual lasers.

[0087] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the base plate along section A-A'.

[0088] Figure 7 The view shown from the front, above, at an angle is as follows: Figures 1 to 4 The diagram shows a perspective view of a base plate according to a first embodiment of a multi-laser structure based on the invention, wherein feed lines guided through the base plate are shown, the feed lines having junction lines attached thereto.

[0089] Figure 8 A perspective cross-sectional view of the first embodiment is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0090] Figure 9 A perspective cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall.

[0091] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0092] Figure 11 A perspective cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0093] Figure 12 A perspective cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0094] Figure 13 It shows in Figure 12 Details of the top view of the base plate of the fifth embodiment shown, wherein the housing cover is omitted.

[0095] Figure 14 A perspective cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0096] Figure 15 It shows in Figure 14 The top view of the base plate of the sixth embodiment shown, wherein the housing cover is omitted.

[0097] Figure 16 It shows in Figure 15 Details of the perspective view of the base plate of the sixth embodiment shown, wherein the housing cover is omitted.

[0098] Figure 17 Another cross-sectional view, viewed obliquely from the front, is shown of a third embodiment of the multi-laser configuration, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers, wherein the transparent element is attached to the frame by glass solder, and the frame is held to the housing cover.

[0099] Figure 18 A front-view, oblique cross-sectional view of an embodiment similar to the third embodiment with a multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers, wherein the transparent element is held on the housing cover by Au-Sn solder.

[0100] Figure 19 A cross-sectional view of the seventh embodiment is shown, which is consistent with the seventh embodiment in Figure 12 The fifth embodiment shown is similar, but in which the base is integrally formed with the bottom plate, and in which the cross-section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the sidewall.

[0101] Figure 20 A cross-sectional view taken from the front at an angle is shown in the diagram. Figure 19 The seventh embodiment shown has a cross-section that extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the sidewall.

[0102] Figure 21 The perspective cross-sectional view shows the... Figure 9The second embodiment shown depicts a cross-section extending parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, illustrating the absorption of light emitted from the rear light-emitting surface of the laser on the coated housing cover.

[0103] Figure 22 A cross-sectional view of the internally coated housing cover, extending roughly horizontally through the center of the housing cover, is shown, featuring a transparent element on which an FAC lens is arranged.

[0104] Figure 23 The diagram shows a front, oblique perspective view of an eighth embodiment of a multi-laser configuration, wherein the transparent elements are arranged at an angle relative to the main direction of laser emission.

[0105] Figure 24 The cross-sectional view shows the... Figure 22 In the embodiment of the multi-laser configuration shown, the cross-section extends parallel to the upper wall of the housing cover directly below it.

[0106] Figure 25 The diagram shows a front, oblique perspective view of the housing cover of a ninth embodiment of a multi-laser configuration, where transparent elements are omitted. The housing cover includes multiple openings for laser passage.

[0107] Figure 26 The cross-sectional view shows the multi-laser structure belonging to the Figure 25 The ninth embodiment of the housing cover shown has a cross-section extending parallel to the upper wall of the housing cover directly below it.

[0108] Figure 27 A cross-sectional view of the tenth embodiment is shown, wherein light emitted from a laser is coupled into a fiber, the fiber's inlet end being arranged near the laser's light-emitting surface, the fiber being held on a housing cover, and wherein the cross-section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed wire leading to one of the lasers.

[0109] Figure 28 A cross-sectional view of an eleventh embodiment of a multi-laser configuration is shown, wherein the transparent element is formed as a fiberboard, and wherein the cross-section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line leading to one of the lasers.

[0110] Figure 29 The diagram shows a top-view, oblique perspective view of a twelfth embodiment of a multi-laser configuration, in which a base plate is formed as a support for the optical components and protrudes forward beneath the housing cover.

[0111] Figure 30 This shows the effect of the laser being in operation with its corresponding optical path. Figure 29 Details in the perspective view shown

[0112] Figure 31 A comparison of multi-laser configurations with a rectangular housing cover and a housing cover with curved, particularly tilted, housing walls supporting transparent elements is shown in cross-sectional views. In these cross-sectional views, the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region leading to the feed line of one of the lasers.

[0113] Figures 32a to 32d The following cross-sectional views compare various structural forms of multi-laser configurations, one with a rectangular housing cover and the other with a curved, particularly laterally inclined housing wall with supporting transparent elements. In these cross-sectional views, the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region leading to the feed line of one of the lasers.

[0114] Figure 33 An exemplary perspective view of an AR glasses comprising a multi-laser structure according to the present invention is shown in a partially disassembled view.

[0115] Figure 34 A thirteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a front-view, oblique perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings for the passage of lasers, each holding an optical element formed by thermoforming.

[0116] Figure 35 The fourteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a front-view, oblique perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings for laser passage, in which pre-formed, particularly biconvex, optical elements are preferably held by brazing or mechanical pressure.

[0117] Figure 36 The fifteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a front-view, oblique perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings for the passage of lasers, in which pre-shaped, particularly plano-convex, optical elements are held, particularly by means of solder glass.

[0118] Figure 37A sixteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a front-view, oblique perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings for the passage of lasers, in which pre-formed, particularly aspherical, optical elements are held, particularly by thermal molding and preferably by mechanical pressure.

[0119] Figure 38 The seventeenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a frontal, oblique perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein the region in front of the light-emitting surface of the laser within the housing is coated with an absorptive coating.

[0120] Figure 39 An eighteenth embodiment of a multi-laser configuration is shown in a cross-sectional view from the side, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein light emitted from the laser is coupled into a fiber whose inlet end is arranged near the light exit surface of the laser, the fiber is held on the housing cover and leads into a plug-in connector having an external fiber.

[0121] Figure 40 A nineteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in a cross-sectional view from the side, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region between the feed line leading to one of the lasers and the housing wall, and wherein light emitted from the laser is coupled into a fiber whose inlet end is arranged near the light exit surface of the laser, and the fiber is held in an external plug-in connector on the housing cover.

[0122] Figure 41 A twentieth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration is shown in cross-section, wherein the section extends parallel to the upper wall of the housing cover directly below it, and wherein light emitted from the lasers is coupled into fibers whose inlet ends are arranged near the light-emitting surfaces of the lasers. The fibers are held on the housing cover and pass through plug-in connectors having external fibers.

[0123] Figure 42a The diagram illustrates the intensity distribution of an optical fiber bundle coupled to a multi-laser configuration at its exit end in the transverse direction of the fiber bundle's longitudinal direction. Individual fibers, each coupled to a laser in the multi-laser configuration, are arranged side-by-side in a plane, in which the scanning direction of the associated imaging device extends.

[0124] Figure 42bThe intensity distribution of an optical fiber bundle coupled to a multi-laser configuration is shown in the transverse direction of the longitudinal direction at its exit end, wherein the individual fibers coupled to the lasers of the multi-laser configuration are positioned side-by-side in a spatial arrangement that is as close as possible to the required density.

[0125] Figure 42c A cross-sectional view of an optical fiber bundle coupled to a multi-laser structure is shown, where section B-B' is as shown in... Figure 41 As shown, the fiber bundle extends laterally away from its lead-out end in the longitudinal direction, wherein each individual fiber, coupled to a laser in a multi-laser configuration, is positioned side-by-side in a spatially compact arrangement, and scattering elements are arranged between the fibers, extending in the longitudinal direction of the fibers.

[0126] Figure 42d It shows in Figure 42c The intensity distribution of the optical fiber bundle coupled to the multi-laser structure shown is in the transverse direction of the fiber's longitudinal direction at its exit end.

[0127] Figure 43 An exemplary perspective view of another AR glasses is shown in a partially disassembled view, wherein the multi-laser structure according to the invention is connected to the multi-laser structure according to the invention by means of optical fibers.

[0128] Figure 44 An exemplary perspective view of a base plate on which a pedestal is arranged, on which mechanical load tests, particularly mechanical load tests performed by a defined simulated force, are conducted.

[0129] Figure 45 A construction for mechanical load testing is shown, which determines the deformation of a base plate on which a base is mounted, or a base plate on which a housing cover is mounted, due to the introduced force by introducing simulated, defined forces into the base plate.

[0130] Figure 46 This illustrates the deformation produced by introducing simulated, defined forces into the base plate during mechanical load testing.

[0131] Figure 47 An embodiment of a base plate is shown, having a housing cover held thereon and a base for a multi-laser configuration of this disclosure attached to the base plate.

[0132] Figure 48 It shows in Figure 45 The illustrated embodiment uses simulated, limited force-induced load tests on the base plate.

[0133] Figure 49Another embodiment of the base plate is shown, the base plate having a housing cover held thereon and a base for the multi-laser configuration of this disclosure attached to the base plate, wherein the housing cover has lateral protrusions triggered from the base plate.

[0134] Figure 50 It shows in Figure 49 The illustrated embodiment uses the results of a load test on the base plate introduced by a simulated, limited force. Detailed Implementation

[0135] In the following description of preferred embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same or equivalent components or parts. These figures are not shown to scale for better understanding only.

[0136] The following is for reference. Figure 1 The figure shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure according to the present invention in a view taken from the front top at an angle.

[0137] The housing 2 of the multi-laser configuration 1 includes a housing cover 3, which is fluid-tightly and hermetically sealed to the base plate 4.

[0138] The housing cover 3 comprises a metal or metal alloy, especially a deep-drawable metal or a deep-drawable alloy, or is made of a metal or metal alloy, especially a deep-drawable metal or a deep-drawable alloy.

[0139] As described above, the base plate 4 also includes metal or metal alloy, or is made of metal or metal alloy, and is connected to the housing cover 3 by welding.

[0140] By way of example only, in Figure 9 Weld S can be seen between the housing cover 3 and the base plate 4. This weld extends substantially across the entire contact surface between the housing cover 3 and the base plate 4, below the lateral protrusions of the welding flange formed on the housing cover 3.

[0141] The process of forming weld S occurs within a very short time interval, and not only the material of the housing cover 3 but also the material of the base plate 4 can dissipate the heat generated during this period, so that the base 5 and the lasers 6, 7 and 8 arranged thereon are only slightly heated, and these lasers are formed as semiconductor lasers. Thus, these semiconductors, or any other semiconductor materials located in the housing, such as monitoring diodes, are not damaged or harmed.

[0142] Furthermore, no flux is required, such as in the welding process, and the interior of the housing 2 can be safely and fluid-tightly, as well as gaseous-tightly, preferably in a protective gas atmosphere such as dry nitrogen, without the presence of destructive atmospheric components.

[0143] In the sense of this disclosure, if an object, such as a housing constructed of multiple lasers, has a density of less than 1 x 10⁻⁶ at room temperature when filled with He and a pressure difference of 1 bar, -3 A leakage rate of mbar*l / sec means that the object is considered either airtight or liquid-tight in the sense of this disclosure.

[0144] However, preferably, a leakage rate of 1*10 is achieved under conditions of full He and a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 mbar*l / s. Since the required seal value may depend on the internal volume of the housing, the seal achieved in the current case ensures that the partial pressure of water in the housing of the multi-laser construction does not exceed 5000 ppm throughout the entire service life of the component.

[0145] Furthermore, this welded connection helps the housing 2 meet standards MIL-STD883, Method 1014 and Method 1018, making it resistant to continuous operation.

[0146] The base 5 is arranged on the base plate 4, or in other embodiments, for example in Figure 9 , 10 In the embodiments shown in 17 to 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 31 and 32, the base 5 is formed by the base plate 4 itself.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, a first laser 6 emitting in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum, a second laser 7 emitting in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum, and a third laser 8 emitting in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum are arranged inside the housing 2.

[0148] Alternatively, one or more of the lasers 6, 7, and 8, or all of the lasers 6, 7, and 8, may emit light within the same spectral range, which may be advantageous, for example, when the multi-laser configuration 1 is used for illumination purposes.

[0149] Each of the aforementioned lasers 6, 7, and 8 is arranged on and mounted on the base 15 such that each of these lasers 6, 7, and 8 is at a defined distance from the bottom surface 9 of the base plate 4. For example, from... Figure 3 As can be seen in the image, the lower side of the base plate is called the bottom surface 9 of the base plate.

[0150] Therefore, in order to install the multi-laser module, the positions of lasers 6, 7, and 8 relative to the lower side of the base plate are defined, which allows the multi-laser configuration 1 to be precisely matched and installed into other components.

[0151] As an alternative to the arrangement of the respective separate lasers 6, 7 and 8, these lasers can also be formed as pre-assembled multi-laser modules, which have lasers that are already aligned with each other.

[0152] This is further supported by the fact that lasers 6, 7 and 8 are arranged on base 5 with their respective lasers aligned with each other.

[0153] To support, or already be able to determine with high precision, the alignment of lasers 6, 7, and 8 relative to each other during assembly, as exemplarily from... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As can be seen, recesses E6, E7, and E8 can be formed on the upper side of the base 5, in which lasers 6, 7, and 8 can be aligned with each other and preferably shaped-fittedly housed. The recesses E6, E7, and E8 can be stamped into the base 5 during manufacturing, or introduced through separate, precise manufacturing steps, such as material removal processes like milling or electrical discharge machining. This also supports automated production of the multi-laser configuration 1, for example, using pick-and-place manufacturing techniques.

[0154] In this case, the distance between lasers 6, 7, and 8 in the Z direction is not defined by the height H from the upper side of the base 5 to the bottom surface 9 (or lower side 9) of the base 4, as in other disclosed embodiments, but rather by... Figure 6 The height He shown is derived from the corresponding distance He, which is thus obtained by the corresponding distance from the bottom surface 9 or lower side surface 9 of the base plate 4 to the recessed surface OE6, OE7 or OE8 of the recessed portion E6, E7 or E8. Since the dimensional data regarding the height H is disclosed, these dimensional data should generally also apply to the height He for the embodiments described in this paragraph and the preceding paragraph. Specifically, the height of the base 5 can be between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, and the height He can correspondingly be between 0.35 mm and 0.9 mm.

[0155] This alignment may include the main emission directions H6, H7, and H8 of lasers 6, 7, and 8 extending parallel to each other, and the distances between the front light emitting surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of lasers 6, 7, and 8. Therefore, the distances between the corresponding useful light emitting surfaces are predetermined in the lateral direction. Thus, a precisely predetermined connection geometry has been generated for the optical components to which the multi-laser configuration 1 is to be connected. This allows the multi-laser configuration 1 to be precisely mounted in other external components, such as see [reference needed]. Figure 2 The diagram shows the positions of the main launch directions H6, H7, and H8.

[0156] To more clearly define the terms "lateral," "in front of," "behind," "above," or "below," please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 The figure shows in Figures 1 to 3 The figure shows another perspective view of a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure according to the present invention, and the coordinate axes X, Y, and Z of a Cartesian coordinate system, wherein the reference numerals X, Y, and Z are respectively arranged at the ends of corresponding double arrows pointing in the positive direction.

[0157] Therefore, the term "arrangement aligned with each other in the lateral direction" refers to the corresponding distances between lasers 6, 7 and 8, especially the distances between their front light-emitting surfaces 10, 11 and 12 in the Y direction.

[0158] As described above, the positions of the heights of lasers 6, 7, and 8 (i.e., their arrangement relative to the Z direction) are therefore defined by the distance between the bottom surface 9 of the base plate 4 and the height H of the base 5, which can also be exemplarily defined in... Figure 6 Seen in. From that. Figure 6 It can also be clearly seen that in this embodiment, the lower side of the base 5 is exposed downward, thereby enabling downward movement to another (but not shown) component, and the lower side of the base 5 extends in the plane defined by the bottom surface or lower side surface 9 of the base plate 4.

[0159] The emission of laser light in the positive X direction is called forward pointing, while the emission of laser light in the negative X direction is called backward pointing or rearward pointing.

[0160] An opening 13 is formed in the housing cover 3 in front of the front light emitting surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of lasers 6, 7, and 8. A transparent element 14 is disposed on this opening from the inside of the housing 2, for example, see [reference needed]. Figure 4 And other diagrams.

[0161] The transparent element 14 may include or be made of glass. Here, the term "including glass" is also intended to mean that the transparent element may be coated, or, depending on the application, the transparent element may be formed in multiple layers, such as having a color filter structure.

[0162] However, in many embodiments of the multi-laser configuration 1 discussed in more detail below, for example, applying an anti-reflective coating to the transparent element 14 is unnecessary, as the transparent element 14 is tilted or inclined relative to the main emission directions H6, H7 and H8 of the lasers 6, 7 and 8.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the transparent element 14 is held onto the housing cover 3 or frame R, for example, by means of glass solder, the frame being in... Figure 9 As can be clearly seen, and in this embodiment, it is itself held on the housing 3 by means of a brazing process.

[0164] The frame R can be made, for example, from the NiFe alloy “Alloy 52” and manufactured as a drawn part with a thickness of about 0.15 mm.

[0165] In an alternative design, the transparent element 14 itself is held onto the housing cover 3 by means of gold solder, such as AuSn solder.

[0166] The use of gold solder allows the window 14 to be directly attached to the housing cover 3, and the requirements for structural dimensions are less for both the transparent element 14 and the housing cover 3.

[0167] exist Figure 17 and 18 The corresponding comparison can be seen in the text.

[0168] Figure 17 A front-view, oblique cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 (also known as the third embodiment) is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover 3 in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers 6, 7 or 8, wherein the transparent element 14 is attached to the frame R by glass solder G, the frame itself being held on the housing cover 3.

[0169] Figure 18 A front-view, oblique cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 similar to the aforementioned third embodiment is shown, wherein the cross-section also extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover 3 in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers 6, 7 or 8, wherein the transparent element 14 is held on the housing cover 3 by Au-Sn solder A.

[0170] Notably, the area covered by the transparent element 14 or frame R on the housing cover 3 is smaller when using gold solder A than when using glass solder G, and thus the housing 2 itself can also be made smaller.

[0171] For example, when using gold solder A, the width Bg of the solder glass G layer that holds the transparent element 14 or frame R can be reduced from 0.85 mm to a width Ba of 0.35 mm.

[0172] Therefore, in Figure 17 The height Hg of the housing 2 shown, which has a rectangular cross-section and uses gold solder G, can be reduced, for example, from approximately 3.16 mm to... Figure 2 The height Ha of the housing 2 shown, which also has a rectangular cross-section and uses gold solder A, is, for example, approximately 2.16 mm.

[0173] Along with the reduced height Ha extending in the Z direction, the other dimensions of the housing cover 3 in the X and Y directions, and therefore the other dimensions of the housing 2, can also be reduced approximately proportionally to this reduction by a multiple of Ha / Hg.

[0174] If at least the wall of the housing cover 3 on which the transparent element 14 is arranged is formed to be tilted relative to the base plate 3, the height of the housing 2 can be further reduced.

[0175] Figure 31 A comparison is shown between a housing cover 3 with a rectangular cross-section on the left side of the figure and a housing cover 3 with a curved, particularly tilted housing wall with a supporting transparent element 14 on the right side of the figure, representing a multi-laser configuration 1.

[0176] As shown in the figure, Figure 31 The tilt angle α shown in the embodiment on the right side can be, for example, 45°. Therefore, the height of the housing 2 can be reduced by approximately cos(45°), and thus by approximately 0.7 times.

[0177] In another embodiment, the tilt angle α of the wall of the housing cover 3 relative to the normal direction N of the bottom surface 9 of the base plate 4 may not be precisely 45°, but may generally be in the range of 35° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, and particularly preferably 43° to 48°.

[0178] Overall, the above measures result in an attractive change in the dimensions of the housing 2, especially its height, which is illustrated, exemplarily and to scale, in Figure 32.

[0179] Figures 32a to 32d For this purpose, a comparison of various structural forms of the multi-laser configuration 1 with a rectangular housing cover 3 and a housing cover 3 with a curved housing wall having a supporting transparent element 14 is shown in cross-sectional views. In these cross-sectional views, the section extends parallel to the side wall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers 6, 7 or 8.

[0180] Figure 32a A housing 2 with a rectangular cross-section is shown, wherein the transparent element 14 is fixed to the housing cover 3 by means of a frame R via glass solder, and the height of the housing is 3.16 mm as described above.

[0181] Figure 32b A housing 2 with a rectangular cross-section is shown, wherein a transparent element 14 is fixed to the housing cover 3 by gold solder, and as described above, the height of the housing is approximately 2.16 mm.

[0182] Figure 32cThe housing 2 is shown, wherein the transparent element 14 is fixed to the side wall of the housing cover 3 by glass solder, and the height of the housing is approximately 2.52 mm.

[0183] Figure 32d The housing 2 is shown, wherein the transparent element 14 is fixed to the side wall of the housing cover 3 by gold solder, and the height of the housing is approximately 2.12 mm.

[0184] This housing height is highly attractive for many applications, especially mobile applications. Figure 33 One of these AR glasses is shown here as an example only, and will be described in more detail in a later section.

[0185] exist Figure 31 The tilt angle α of the transparent element 14 shown in the embodiment on the right side can also contribute to other structural advantages, especially when, for example, monitoring diodes 19, 20, and / or 21 are arranged below the transparent element 14 and the laser light reflected back by the transparent element 14 is incident on the monitoring diodes, as referenced below. Figure 1 , 2 As illustrated in example 8.

[0186] Figure 8 A perspective cross-sectional view of the first embodiment is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers 6, 7 or 8.

[0187] Monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21 are arranged below the transparent element 14, and these monitoring diodes respectively receive the light reflected back onto the transparent element 14 by the associated lasers 6, 7, or 8.

[0188] By way of example only, the following description refers to the main emission direction H6 of laser 6, which emits light in the red spectrum.

[0189] The light emitted from the laser 6 along the main emission direction H6 is incident on the transparent element 14, and since the transparent element is arranged at a 45° angle to the main emission direction H6, the light is deflected vertically downward onto the monitoring diode 19 in the transparent element as a reflected component.

[0190] This occurs in the same way for the light emitted by laser 7 in the main emission direction H7 and the light reflected perpendicular to that main emission direction and the monitoring diode 20, and for the light emitted by laser 8 in the main emission direction H8 and the light reflected perpendicular to that main emission direction and the monitoring diode 21.

[0191] The intensity of each reflected light component is sufficient to obtain a very accurate sensor signal for the corresponding intensity of the light emitted by lasers 6, 7 and 8.

[0192] Advantageously, the light emitted from the FAC lens 18, after exiting the FAC lens 18 through its exit surface 22, still has only a slight beam divergence in the horizontal direction, and therefore in the Z direction, which is especially beneficial for avoiding unwanted stray light for the corresponding other monitoring diodes.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1, a fast-axis collimating FAC lens 18 is arranged on the base 5, preferably spaced apart from the end faces of lasers 6, 7, and 8, wherein the end faces of lasers 6, 7, and 8 correspond to the light exit surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of these lasers 6, 7, and 8, respectively, as discussed previously. In this way, beam shaping can be performed very efficiently, and the spacing can minimize thermal effects, for example, due to heating the base 5.

[0194] Thus, for example, beams can be generated that exit each laser 6, 7 or 8 in the corresponding main emission directions H6, H7 or H8, with a beam diameter Ds in the Z direction of only about 0.3 mm.

[0195] If the monitoring diodes each have color filters, particularly bandpass color filters respectively, for the emission wavelengths of lasers 6, 7, or 8 respectively, the light of the corresponding other lasers can be suppressed, and a better signal-to-interference ratio or a better signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor signals of the monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 19 can be obtained in this embodiment and in all other currently disclosed embodiments having these monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 19.

[0196] from Figure 22 An alternative arrangement can be found in which the transparent element is formed as a fast-axis collimating FAC lens 15 or includes a fast-axis collimating FAC lens 15. Here, the FAC lens 15 can be placed on a plane-parallel substrate 16, or, for example, integrally formed by stamping into a corresponding shape.

[0197] As exemplarily indicated by reference numeral T in the accompanying drawings, Figure 22 It is also shown that the inner side of the housing cover 3 is formed to be black, especially a matte black. For this purpose, paint or coating, such as a black chrome plating or a zinc-nickel coating, can be used, especially as an electrolytic coating.

[0198] Figure 21 A second embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is exemplarily shown, illustrating the absorption of light emitted from the rear light-emitting surfaces of lasers 6, 7, and 8 on the coated housing cover 3. Since many coatings can interfere with welding, lateral protrusions As are formed thereon, and also... Figure 9The weld flange of the weld S shown in the example is kept uncoated from the lower side of the housing cover 3, so that no interference caused by the coating described herein is applied to the airtight connection between the housing cover 3 and the base plate 4.

[0199] Alternatively, monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21 can also be arranged behind lasers 6, 7, and 8, particularly on the brackets 23 assigned to them, as shown in [the image / image / etc.]. Figure 12 and Figure 14 As exemplarily shown in the example.

[0200] exist Figure 12 and 13 In the embodiment shown, the light emitted rearward from lasers 6, 7, and 8 is reflected on the tilted rear wall of housing 2 and then incident on monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21, which are arranged directly above their respective feed lines Z.

[0201] Figure 12 A perspective cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown here, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers. Figure 13 It shows in Figure 12 The top view of the base plate 4 in the fifth embodiment shown omits details of the housing cover 3.

[0202] Alternatively, such as in Figure 14 , 15 As shown in 16, the monitoring diodes 19, 20 and 21 may also be arranged on a support 23, which preferably comprises ceramic or is made of ceramic.

[0203] Figure 14 A perspective cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown, wherein the section extends parallel to the sidewall of the housing cover in the region of the feed line Z leading to one of the lasers.

[0204] Figure 15 It shows in Figure 14 The top view of the base plate 4 of the sixth embodiment shown, wherein the housing cover 3 is omitted, is as shown in this top view. Figure 16 As can be seen, the normal direction Nt of the surface of the bracket 23 on which the monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21 are arranged is formed to be oblique with respect to at least the main emission direction H7 of the laser 7, wherein the oblique angle relative to the main emission direction H7 is within the angle β range of 3° to 15°, preferably 5° to 10°, and particularly preferably 6° to 8°.

[0205] like Figure 16As shown, monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21 can be switched on respectively by means of wires mounted on the ceramic bracket 23, wherein, exemplary, for in Figure 16 The monitoring diode 19 in the diagram shows conductors 24 and 25.

[0206] In a manner similar to that disclosed for bracket 23, the wall of housing cover 3 on which the transparent element 14 is disposed can also be formed obliquely relative to the main emission direction of at least one of the lasers, the transparent element being exemplarily located in... Figure 23 and 24 As shown in the image.

[0207] Figure 23 and Figure 24 The views of the eighth embodiment of the multi-laser structure 1 are shown respectively, wherein the normal direction Nw of the wall on which the transparent element 14 is arranged is formed to be oblique with respect to the main emission direction H6 of at least the laser 6, wherein the oblique angle with γ is in the range of 3° to 15°, preferably 5° to 10°, and particularly preferably 6° to 8° with respect to the main emission direction.

[0208] Figure 27 A cross-sectional view of the tenth embodiment is shown, wherein light emitted from the laser 6 is guided into or thus coupled into an optical fiber 27, the fiber’s inlet end 26 being arranged near the light emitting surface 12 of the laser 6, wherein the fiber 27 is held on a transparent element 14 having a feed passage for the fiber 27 by means of substantially spherical glass welds 28, 29 on a housing cover 3.

[0209] As shown for laser 6, other fibers can be arranged in the same manner in lasers 7 and 8 and held on housing cover 3 or transparent element 14.

[0210] In another design scheme, such as in Figure 28 As exemplarily shown, the transparent element 14 can also be formed as or include a fiberboard 17. In such a fiberboard known to those skilled in the art, a large number of optical fibers are arranged side by side, and light falling on the fiberboard 17 is also guided in these fibers, thereby reducing the light divergence of the lasers 6, 7 and 8 and guiding the light substantially in parallel.

[0211] exist Figure 25 and 26 Another design is shown, in which the housing cover 3 includes multiple openings 30, 31 and 32.

[0212] Figure 25A perspective view of the housing cover 3 of a ninth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown, wherein the transparent element 14 is omitted, and wherein the housing cover 3 includes three openings 30, 31 and 32 for the passage of lasers.

[0213] exist Figure 26 The cross-sectional view shows a multi-laser structure belonging to the... Figure 25 The ninth embodiment of the housing cover 3 shown has a section extending parallel to the upper wall of the housing cover 3 directly below it, and it can be seen that boundaries are formed for lasers passing through openings 30, 31 and 32, which can respectively limit the laser in the lateral direction and thus help suppress stray light.

[0214] In this embodiment, a separate transparent element 14 can be assigned to each of these openings 30, 31 and 32, or a single transparent element 14 can be assigned to all of these openings together.

[0215] from Figure 25 and Figure 26 Also visible is a protective device 33 for the glass of the transparent element 14 of the housing 2, which is specifically designed to protrude laterally from the section 34 of the transparent element 14.

[0216] exist Figure 29 and 30 Another advantageous implementation can be seen in which... Figure 29 A twelfth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown, wherein the base plate 4 is formed as a support for the optical components and protrudes forward below the housing cover 3, while Figure 30 This illustrates the effect of lasers 6, 7, and 8 operating with their respective optical paths and main emission directions H6, H7, and H8, emanating from... Figure 29 Details shown in the perspective view.

[0217] Optical components may include, for example, beam collimators 35, 36, 37 and dichroic beam splitters or combiners 38, 39, 40, and in this way allow the light from lasers 6, 7, and 8 to be fed coaxially and as if from other components from a single virtual source into a very compact space.

[0218] The common feature of all the embodiments described herein is that feed lines Z, Z1, Z2, Z3 pass through housing 2 and are guided to the corresponding lasers 6, 7, 8, as can be exemplarily illustrated from... Figure 3 As can be seen.

[0219] If, for example, the base plate 3 of the housing 2 is formed as a reference potential and is charged, a multi-laser configuration can be provided that can operate with only four electrical connection terminals.

[0220] Furthermore, especially to support continuous operating strength and the hermeticity of housing 2, glass-metal feedthroughs can be formed in the base plate 4 for feed lines Z, Z6, Z7, Z8 to lasers 6, 7, and 8, and for other feed lines 19, 20, and 21 to monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21, such as those in... Figure 3 As exemplarily shown in the example.

[0221] As in Figure 7 As exemplarily shown, these feed lines Z, Z6, Z7, Z8 can also be guided to lasers 6, 7, and 8 by means of bonding lines B6, B7, and B8.

[0222] To gain a better understanding of structural conditions, in Figure 5 The middle view shows the view from the front, above, at an angle. Figures 1 to 4 The diagram shows a perspective view of a variant of the base plate 4 with a base 5 according to a first embodiment of the multi-laser structure 1 of the present invention, wherein the variant has recesses E6, E7 and E8 on the base 5 for arranging the individual lasers 6, 7 and 8. Figure 6 Publicly disclosed Figure 5 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the base plate along section A-A'.

[0223] For example, the glass-metal feedthrough for the feed line to the laser and / or monitoring diode can have a height Hd of 0.75 mm, and the thickness D of the base plate 4 can be about 0.25 mm.

[0224] exist Figure 33 The perspective view of the AR glasses 41 shows an exemplary application in which the multi-laser structure 1 according to the invention is arranged in the temple of the glasses, and is described in more detail below.

[0225] The light emitted by the multi-laser structure 1 is fed to the optical component 42, which acts as a beam shaper and feeds the light to the projection device 43, which projects the light onto the lenses of the AR glasses and superimposes it onto the natural image perceived by the user.

[0226] Other sensors 44, 45, and 46 are used to identify the surrounding environment and user identification.

[0227] The replaceable lenses 47 increase user comfort.

[0228] Communication with external devices, especially mobile external devices, is provided by means of the wireless transmission module 49, particularly the 5G module, especially under the control of the processor 48.

[0229] The rechargeable battery 50 is connected to the electronic components of the AR glasses via a safety structure 51, allowing them to move and operate.

[0230] The following is for reference. Figure 34 The figure shows a thirteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1, in which optical elements 52, 53, and 54, particularly those produced by thermoforming, are respectively held. The optical elements 52, 53, and 54 are each formed into a transparent element 14, which, as disclosed herein, is hermetically and fluid-tightly held within a housing cover 3, as in... Figure 35 , 36 The same applies to the optical elements in the embodiments shown in 37 and 38.

[0231] In this thirteenth embodiment, for example, the optical elements 52, 53, 54 can be thermoformed by inserting the respective glass blanks of the respective optical elements 52, 53, 54 into the respective openings 30, 31, 32 of the housing cover 3 and heating them together with the housing cover for such a long time, especially above the glass transition temperature Tg and hemispherical temperature of the glass blanks, until the respective optical elements 52, 53, 54 are formed due to the surface tension of the glass blanks. The housing cover 3 advantageously forms an annular flange 55 surrounding each opening 30, 31, 32, which is exemplarily shown only for opening 30, and is defined in the radial direction by an annular recess or groove 56. Thus, for molten glass thermoformed under its surface tension, a very precise outer boundary is produced at the radially outer end of the annular flange 55, which allows for the precise formation of the defined surfaces of the respective optical elements 52, 53, 54.

[0232] The following is for reference. Figure 35 The figure shows a fourteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration in a perspective cross-sectional view. In this embodiment, the housing cover 3 also forms a plurality of openings 30, 31, 32 for the passage of the lasers, but pre-formed, particularly biconvex, optical elements 57, 58, 69, preferably in the form of spherical lenses, are arranged in these openings. The optical elements 57, 58, 69 are respectively surrounded by glass solder 60, which is placed annularly on the respective optical elements 57, 58, 69 and the housing cover 3 to surround the respective optical elements, and is held on the housing cover 3 in a fluid-tight and hermetically-tight manner, respectively. However, for clarity, only the glass solder 60 of the optical element 59 is provided with reference numerals. Instead of the spherical optical elements 57, 58, 69, other lens shapes may be used for the respective optical elements, as will be explained in more detail below and defined in the appended claims, for example. These may be spherical plano-convex or concave-convex lenses, spherical or hemispherical lenses, or aspherical plano-convex or concave-convex lenses.

[0233] Figure 36 A fifteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown in a perspective cross-sectional view, wherein the housing cover 3 includes a plurality of openings 30, 31, 32 for the lasers to pass through, wherein pre-formed, particularly plano-convex, optical elements 61, 62, 63 are partially held in the openings, particularly by means of solder glass 64. The plano-convex optical elements 61, 62, 63 are preferably formed by mechanical polishing.

[0234] The sixteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 is shown. Figure 37 The optical elements disclosed herein are exemplary pre-formed, particularly aspherical, optical elements, and are held on the housing cover 3, particularly by thermoforming and / or preferably by mechanical pressure. Of these optical elements, exemplary only element 65 is denoted by reference numerals. To enable the application of the necessary mechanical pressure, the front wall 66 of the housing cover 3 is formed to have a greater wall thickness. Here, the housing wall 66 may also be formed, in particular, with pressure glass for the thermo-pressed optical element 65.

[0235] exist Figure 38 The image shows a seventeenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1, in which the region in front of the light-emitting surfaces of the lasers 6, 7, and 8 within the housing 1, particularly the region 67 of the base 5 and the bottom plate 4 facing the transparent element 14, is also coated with an absorptive coating. This coating may be an absorptive Ni coating, also referred to in this art as a matte (Dull-) Ni plating. The feed wire Z may preferably be gold-plated, especially to improve conductivity and corrosion resistance.

[0236] from Figure 39 The eighteenth embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 can be seen in the diagram. In this embodiment, light emitted from lasers 6, 7, and 8 is coupled into fibers 27, 68, and 69, respectively. The inlet ends of fibers 27, 68, and 69 are arranged near the light exit surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of lasers 6, 7, and 8. For example, see also the diagram with the corresponding arrangement of fibers 27, 68, and 69. Figure 41 .

[0237] Fibers 27, 68, and 69 are held on the housing cover 3 by means of the plug-shaped portion 70 of the optical connector 71, and thus form part of an optically detachable connector, particularly a part of an optically detachable pluggable connector 71 in which a socket-shaped second portion 72 engages with the plug-shaped portion 70 and holds the external optical fibers 73, 74, and 75 respectively. The socket-shaped portion 72 can also hold all the external fibers 73, 74, and 75 together in a single housing portion, thereby forming an optical pluggable connection with the multi-laser configuration 1, which greatly simplifies and standardizes their integration into other existing optical systems.

[0238] exist Figure 40 The nineteenth embodiment of the multi-laser structure 1 shown is in Figure 39 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the external fibers 75 are directly guided to the light emitting surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of the lasers 6, 7, and 8, respectively, and the socket-shaped portion 72 of the optical connector 1 is hermetically sealed on the housing cover 3, thereby providing a permanent connection with the housing cover 3.

[0239] exist Figure 41 The twentieth embodiment of the multi-laser structure 1 is shown in cross-sectional view, wherein the section extends parallel to the upper wall of the housing cover 3 directly below the upper wall of the housing cover 3.

[0240] The light emitted from lasers 6, 7, and 8 is coupled into fibers 27, 61, and 62, respectively. The inlet ends of these fibers are positioned near the light exit surfaces 10, 11, and 12 of lasers 6, 7, and 8, respectively. These fibers are held on the housing cover 3 and are positioned as described above. Figure 39 As described in the embodiment, it leads to the plug-in connector 71 having external fibers 73, 74, 75.

[0241] The optional lens configuration 76 or coupling lens 76 can preferably couple the light from lasers 6, 7, and 8 into the cores of the corresponding fibers 27, 61, and 62 in a manner adapted to their numerical apertures.

[0242] Fibers 73, 74, and 75 are respectively bonded into fiber bundles 77, in Figure 42a , 42b The intensity distribution at the lead-out end of fiber bundle 78 is illustrated in 42d and 42d.

[0243] Figure 42a It is the intensity distribution in the transverse direction of the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber bundle 77 coupled to the multi-laser structure at its exit end 78, wherein from Figure 41Looking in the direction of arrow P, the individual fibers 73, 74, and 75, which are coupled to the lasers in the multi-laser structure, are arranged side by side in a plane.

[0244] The row direction Ze of the associated imaging device also advantageously extends in the plane in which fibers 73, 74, and 75 are arranged side by side, so that a superposition of red, blue, and green is produced during the generation of the corresponding image, and because of this superposition, no splicing connection is required for fibers 73, 74, and 75. As a result, the length of fiber bundle 77 can be very short, especially in the range of a few millimeters.

[0245] Figure 42b The intensity distribution of optical fibers 73, 74, and 75, which are coupled to the fiber bundle 77 of the multi-laser configuration 1, is shown in the transverse direction of the longitudinal direction of the fiber bundle 78 at their exit ends 78. The individual fibers coupled to the lasers of the multi-laser configuration are positioned side by side in a spatial arrangement that is as close as possible to the space. This arrangement may be advantageous for other optical systems in which the spatial spacing of fibers 73, 74, and 75 is sufficient to display the image points and pixels of the imaging system.

[0246] Figure 42c Cross-sectional views of optical fibers 73, 74, and 75 coupled to the multi-laser structure 1 are disclosed, wherein cross-section B-B' is shown in... Figure 41 As shown, the fibers extend laterally away from their leads in the longitudinal direction, with individual fibers 73, 74, and 75, each coupled to lasers 6, 7, and 8 of the multi-laser configuration 1, positioned side-by-side in a spatially compact arrangement. A scattering element 79, extending in the longitudinal direction 73, 74, and 75, is arranged between the fibers 73, 74, and 75. This allows light from one fiber 73, 74, or 75 to be coupled into another fiber 73, 74, or 75, thereby providing a central region 80 of mixed light from all fibers 73, 74, and 75.

[0247] from Figure 42d It can be seen in Figure 42c The intensity distribution of the optical fiber bundle 77 coupled to the multi-laser structure 1 shown is in the transverse direction of the longitudinal direction of the fiber bundle 77 at its exit end 78.

[0248] From a partially disassembled view Figure 43 An exemplary perspective view of another AR glasses 41' can be seen, wherein the multi-laser structure 1 according to the invention is connected to the multi-laser structure 1 according to the invention by means of optical fibers, in particular by means of fiber bundles.

[0249] The inventors have discovered that in everyday operations, such as in Figure 33 and Figure 43 In the illustrated embodiment of the AR glasses, deposits, particularly particulate deposits such as dust particles, are formed on the transparent element 14. Light emitted by lasers 6, 7, and 8 may be scattered and reflected back at these deposits. Exemplary deposits are... Figure 4 The image is shown as an example and magnified to represent dust particles St for clarity.

[0250] For example, when partially back-reflected light enters the cavity of one of lasers 6, 7, or 8 and causes coupling with the resonator mode, it can have a detrimental effect, which may result in an effect known as mode hopping, where this leads to undesirable fluctuations in laser intensity.

[0251] Compared to most regular applications, in Figure 33 and Figure 43 In the illustrated embodiment of the AR glasses, deformation of the housing 2 further causes the transparent element 14, along with the deposit St disposed thereon, to move relative to the lasers 6, 7, 8, and the distance or angle of the transparent element 14 relative to the respective light-emitting surfaces 10, 11, 12 of the lasers 6, 7, 8 is altered. These deformations can occur, for example, when the temples of the AR glasses bend, for instance, due to a mismatch with the user wearing them.

[0252] In addition, Figure 10 , 17 In the embodiments shown in 18, 26, 29, and 30, in Figure 31 , 32a In the left half of 32b and 38, it is also possible that even if the transparent element 14 is correctly placed during the manufacturing process, the light reflected from the transparent element 14 due to the deformation of the housing 2 may directly re-enter one of the cavities of the laser 6, 7 or 8, and in this case, it may even have a significantly higher intensity than the deposit St arranged on the transparent element 14.

[0253] Even though these fluctuations in emission intensity are not always perceptible to the naked eye, they can be destructive even when using very fast electronic intensity control and can interact with that intensity control in undesirable ways, because these intensity fluctuations typically have low-frequency components due to deformation and high-frequency components due to mode skipping.

[0254] Unlike components of conventional optoelectronic devices typically housed in sealed environments, these devices undergo deformation during routine operation. For example, in the AR glasses of the currently disclosed embodiment, the variation in distance between transparent elements is significant when it is approximately half the wavelength of the light emitted by the laser. This is because the positive interference of the back-reflected light subsequently becomes negative interference and can affect other areas within the corresponding cavity of one of the lasers. These undesirable distance variations are therefore limited to the range of approximately 200 nm to 350 nm.

[0255] The effects of these deformations are particularly severe in some embodiments where the main direction of laser emission extends substantially parallel to the base plate 4 of the housing 2, as in the case of this disclosure, because the subsequent deformation of the base plate 4 directly causes a change in the tilt or distance of the transparent element 14 relative to the corresponding light emitting surfaces 10, 11, 12 of the lasers 6, 7, 8.

[0256] In designs where the main direction of laser emission is not parallel to, and especially not perpendicular to, the base plate, this effect is less noticeable because the curvature of the base plate has a smaller impact on the distance between the individual lasers and any exit windows.

[0257] In other designs in the prior art, the blocky base plate with the shell sidewalls can be made from a single piece by milling, which is technically complex, especially in the case of designs with obliquely extending walls having a corresponding shell cover.

[0258] In this respect, as disclosed herein, the extremely compact design presents another technical problem: the closer the light-emitting surfaces 10, 11, 12 of lasers 6, 7, 8 are to the transparent element 14, the higher the intensity of the light reflected back from the aforementioned deposit into the laser cavity. This intensity decreases with the square of the aforementioned distance, and will require the largest possible value of L, which directly contradicts the compact design. L represents the distance between the front side of the base 5 in the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8 and the edge of the base plate 4 located in the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8, and for the following disclosure, it is a critical value because the larger the value of L, the greater the strength or mechanical stability of the housing 2 will be without other measures.

[0259] In addition, Figure 1 , 2 In the embodiments shown in 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 32c, and 32d, the base 5 cannot be arbitrarily arranged close to the wall of the housing cover 3 on which the transparent element 14 is mounted, and must be constructed rearward relative to it, which increases the length L by a necessary amount compared to the embodiment of the housing cover 3 having a substantially vertical wall.

[0260] In other designs, for example in Figure 25 and 26 As shown as an example, the length of distance L can also be limited in order to avoid shadows cast by the light emitted by lasers 6, 7, and 8.

[0261] In designs such as those disclosed in WO 2020 / 004100 A1, the laser path is greatly extended by a beam deflection component (e.g., a mirror that reflects light at least partially in the spectrum), and thus the path of the beam back-reflected into the corresponding laser cavity is also greatly extended, resulting in a significant reduction in the intensity of the back-reflected light compared to the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0262] However, elements that deflect or at least partially reflect the beam (such as mirrors, dichroic beam splitters, or beam combiners) are not arranged within the housing 2, which is formed by the base plate 4 and the housing cover 3 with transparent elements 14, especially for the sake of a compact housing design and very flexible possible applications. An alternative embodiment is proposed... Figure 29 and 30 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the dichroic beam splitters or combiners 38, 39, 40 are located outside the housing 2; however, as disclosed in WO 2020 / 004100A1, this does not result in an extension of the path of light reflected back through the deposit St into the cavity of the laser.

[0263] For the purpose of measuring the light from lasers 6, 7, and 8, especially for adjusting the intensity of the light emitted by lasers 6, 7, and 8, it is sufficient to detect the light emitted from the back side of lasers 6, 7, and 8 and the light reflected by the transparent element 14, without having to accept the obviously larger structural shape of the housing 2.

[0264] However, the housing cover 3 or the transparent element 14, or what is called a mirror, dichroic beam splitter, or beam combiner, is not used because these are essentially not used to guide the radiation of the beams emitted from the lasers 6, 7, and 8 emanating from the housing 2.

[0265] In order to provide a compact housing design that can be manufactured inexpensively from a manufacturing point of view, it is also advantageous to use a housing cover 3 made of deep drawing, which is intended to provide sufficient mechanical strength when properly fastened to the base plate 4, as is the case with the embodiment of the multi-laser configuration 1 disclosed herein.

[0266] The inventors discovered that the aforementioned distance L in the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8 relative to the front side of the base 5 in the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8, and thus the edge of the base plate 4 along the X direction, severely affects this stability. This is because deformation or bending in this area has a significant impact on the distance between the light emitting surfaces 10, 11, 12 of lasers 6, 7, 8 and the transparent element 14. Figure 6 In this context, the distance is represented by L, and the thickness of the base plate 4 is represented by W.

[0267] The thickness W of the base plate 4 is described in relation to the areas where the upper and lower sides of the base plate 4 are parallel, respectively, in those locations where there is no bulge on the upper side of the base plate 4. In these embodiments, the thickness W of the base plate 4 is preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0268] exist Figure 10 , 17 In the embodiments shown in 18, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31 and 32a and 32b, the wall extends substantially perpendicular to the base plate 4 and the transparent elements 14 are arranged perpendicularly accordingly, with a distance L preferably between 0.7 and 2 mm, particularly preferably between 0.9 and 1.7 mm, because these deposits are less noticeable compared to embodiments with inclined transparent elements 14, and the short section of L and the ratio V of the length L to the base plate thickness W discussed below make the housing 2 very stable.

[0269] In these housing designs, the ratio V of length L to base plate thickness W, V = L / W, reaches a value of 3.4 to 4.5 in preferred embodiments, with a smaller V value providing greater stability to the housing. However, a V value between 2 and 7 is typically used in these embodiments.

[0270] However, in Figure 1 , 2 In the embodiments shown in 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 21, and 22, in Figure 31 , 32c The right figure of 32d shows a tilted transparent element 14, with a distance L of approximately 2 mm to 4 mm, preferably 2.7 mm to 3.3 mm. Also in these embodiments, the thickness W of the base plate 4 is preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0271] These values ​​give the ratio V of length L to thickness W of the base plate, V = L / W, and for preferred embodiments the values ​​are 6.6 to 13.5. However, typically in these embodiments, V values ​​of 4 to 20 can be used.

[0272] A higher V value can also provide a very stable housing through these construction designs, because the housing cover 3 of this disclosure provides a further enhanced strength increase effect through the lateral tilt of the wall of the housing cover 3 on which the transparent element 14 is attached.

[0273] Typically, a thicker base plate 4 would result in a more stable design for the housing 2, but surprisingly, even the 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm thickness of the base plate 4 used in the preferred embodiment can provide sufficient stability with an extremely compact housing design.

[0274] Within the scope of this disclosure, it is also assumed that in the preferred embodiment, the base 5 rises above the base plate 4 in a generally cuboid shape, and the walls extend vertically in the Z direction, giving it additional stability against deformation or bending.

[0275] Within the scope of this disclosure, the base plate 4 or substrate should be understood as a housing assembly from which power supply lines Z, particularly Z6, Z7 and Z8 extend, through which the multi-laser configuration 1 is regularly connected to other external components, which fundamentally distinguishes the embodiments of this disclosure from vertical emission configurations.

[0276] Typically, the transparent element 14 has also proven to be a very advantageous component for increasing the strength of the housing 2. This significantly improves the shear stiffness of the housing 2, especially when the housing 2 is fixed to the housing cover 3 by means of gold solder A, particularly AuSn solder, or by means of a frame R. The preferred thickness Dt of the transparent element is approximately 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, preferably 0.25 mm or 0.5 mm, see, for example, [reference needed]. Figure 31 The image on the right.

[0277] Simulations were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of external forces on the shell 2 and thus achieve a mechanically stable structure that mitigates or even almost eliminates the aforementioned drawbacks of back-reflected light, even in the case of an extremely compact and technically advantageous design.

[0278] In these embodiments used for load testing by simulation, it can also be implemented accordingly in other embodiments disclosed in the present case, using a deep-drawn shell cover 3 made of a deep-drawn nickel alloy and a base plate 4 made of cold-rolled steel CRS1010.

[0279] from Figure 9 It can be seen that a weld S is formed between the housing cover 3 and the base plate 4. The weld extends substantially below the lateral protrusion of the forming welding flange of the housing cover 3 on the entire contact surface between the housing cover 3 and the base plate 4, wherein the width of the lateral protrusion is about 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0280] Even under the current testing conditions, this provides a circumferentially mechanically stable fastening of the housing cover 3 to the base plate 4.

[0281] Figure 44 An exemplary perspective view of a base plate 4 on which a base 5 is arranged is shown, and a mechanical load test was performed on it using simulation.

[0282] During this load test, base plate 4 was firmly held Figure 45 The area B shown is bounded by dashed lines, ensuring that the base plate 4 does not deform within this area B.

[0283] exist Figure 45 On the base plate 4 with a thickness W of 0.25 mm, as in other load tests disclosed in this case, a force, represented by the force vector Kf, was applied, which was introduced in the Z direction to simulate the corresponding forces that occur in daily operation as closely as possible.

[0284] like Figure 45 As shown, the point of application of the force vector Kf is located at the corner opposite region B on the upper side of the base plate 4. In all publicly disclosed load tests, the introduced force is shown to be 10 N.

[0285] like Figure 33 and 43 As shown, if the multi-laser structure is arranged on the temples of AR glasses 41, 41', then region B corresponds to the back of the ear of the wearer of AR glasses 41, 41, and the force vector Kf acts on the region of the temple of each AR glasses 41, 41', which is farther from the ear of the wearer of the AR glasses. In this way, the typical mechanical load that occurs in daily operation is reproduced.

[0286] In the first test, in order to better understand the overall performance of the base plate 4, a housing cover with a thickness of 0.25 mm was not installed on the base plate 4.

[0287] Figure 46 The deformation caused by the load test is shown, which ranges from below the force vector Kf up to a maximum of 1.9 mm.

[0288] The results clearly demonstrate that the base plate 4 itself is not suitable for providing the required stability independently without other stabilization measures.

[0289] Therefore, the combination of the shell cover 3 and the base plate 4, especially the combination of the base plate on which the base 5 is arranged, is quite important for the resulting overall stability.

[0290] Figure 47An embodiment of the base plate is shown, which has a housing cover 3 of the multi-laser structure 1 of this disclosure held thereon, wherein the thickness of the base plate is also 0.25 mm, and the thickness Wg of the material of the housing cover 3 has a value of 0.15 mm.

[0291] As shown in the reference below Figure 49 and 50 Similar to the load test, the base 5 is fixed to the base plate 4 so that the deformation of the housing 2 of the multi-laser structure 1 can be detected as practically as possible.

[0292] Figure 48 It shows Figure 47 The results of the load test of the embodiment shown, which has a housing cover 3 and a base plate 4 fixed thereon, show that the maximum deformation is only about 0.068 mm.

[0293] Therefore, the deformation of the base plate 4 caused by the shell cover 3 and the base 5 is greatly reduced.

[0294] Figure 49 Another embodiment of the base plate 4 is shown, which has a housing cover 3 held thereon and a base 5 for the multi-laser structure 1 of this disclosure attached to the base plate. In this embodiment, the housing cover 3 has a sidewall region formed as a laterally outwardly offset segment 81. The height H of the lateral segment 81 is about 0.5 mm, and can be in the range of 0.3 mm to 1 mm. The amount B of the outward offset of the segment 81 is about 0.4 mm, and can be in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm.

[0295] In the above and in Figure 49 and 50 In the embodiment shown, the thickness W of the base plate is 0.1 mm, and the thickness Wg of the material of the housing cover is 0.5 mm.

[0296] Figure 50 It shows in Figure 49 Another embodiment shown yielded results from load tests conducted by introducing simulated, defined forces into the base plate. Surprisingly, the maximum deformation of the object was only 0.23 mm. However, this deformation occurred almost exclusively outside the protrusions. The remainder of the shell within the laterally outwardly offset section 81 deformed by less than 0.016 mm.

[0297] Since the thickness of the base plate is directly attributed to the height of the housing 2, as mentioned above, the thickness need not be unnecessarily large, but should be chosen to be as small as possible for the most compact structure. A very advantageous embodiment is shown in the following description, in which the housing is endowed with considerable additional strength without unnecessarily increasing its height.

[0298] In this other preferred embodiment, the base plate 4 may extend at least partially or entirely in the lateral offset section 81 at its lateral edges and abut against it from the inside in a form-fitting manner.

[0299] Then, in this embodiment, the weld S may also extend laterally between the base plate 4 and the section 81, particularly on the entire circumference of the section 81 and the lateral edge Rs of the base plate 4.

[0300] Based on the above disclosure, a preferred embodiment of the multi-laser structure 1 mentioned in claim 1 is derived, which has...

[0301] - A drawn housing cover 3, the housing cover comprising or being composed of a drawable material;

[0302] - Base plate 4, which has a ratio V of L to W, where V = L / W.

[0303] When the transparent element 14 is arranged perpendicularly to the base plate 4, therefore, in the normal direction of the base plate 4, it is

[0304] From 2 to 7, preferably 3.4 to 4.5, and

[0305] When the transparent element 14 is arranged at an angle relative to the base plate 4,

[0306] From 4 to 20, preferably from 6.6 to 13.5.

[0307] The lateral tilt angle of the wall of the housing cover on which the transparent element 14 is arranged is in the range of 35° to 60°, preferably 40° to 50°, and particularly preferably 43° to 48° relative to the normal direction of the bottom surface of the base plate.

[0308] In this embodiment, the transparent element 14 can be advantageously secured to the housing cover 3 with increased shear strength by means of gold solder A, especially AuSn solder, or frame R.

[0309] The housing cover 3 has a laterally outwardly offset section 81 in an advantageous, particularly strength-enhancing manner, which is arranged particularly in its lower region adjacent to the base plate 4.

[0310] In this laterally outwardly offset section, the base plate 4 may extend at least partially or completely at least with its side edge Rs and abut against it from the inside in a form-fitting manner.

[0311] List of reference numerals

[0312] 1. Multi-laser structure, especially RGB module

[0313] 2. Shell

[0314] 3. Housing cover

[0315] 4. Base plate

[0316] 5. Base

[0317] 6. The first laser emitting in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum.

[0318] 7. A second laser emitting in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum.

[0319] 8. A third laser emitting in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum.

[0320] 9. The bottom or lower side surface of base plate 4

[0321] 10. Light exit surface of laser 6

[0322] 11. The light exit surface of laser 6

[0323] 12. Light exit surface of laser 6

[0324] 13. Opening of housing cover 3

[0325] 14 Transparent Components

[0326] 15mm FAC lens, fast-axis collimating lens

[0327] 16. Planar parallel base plate

[0328] 17 Fiberboard

[0329] 18 FAC lens, fast-axis collimating lens

[0330] 19 Monitoring Diodes

[0331] 20 Monitoring Diodes

[0332] 21 Monitoring Diode

[0333] 22. Exit surface from the FAC lens

[0334] 23. Brackets for monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21

[0335] 24 Conductors on the surface of support 23

[0336] 25 Conductors on the surface of support 23

[0337] 26. Introducing end of fiber 27

[0338] 27 Fibers

[0339] 28 Molten Glass

[0340] 29 Molten Glass

[0341] 30 Opening of housing cover 3

[0342] 31. Opening of housing cover 3

[0343] 32. Opening of housing cover 3

[0344] 33 Protective structure of the glass of transparent element 14

[0345] 34. The section that protrudes laterally from the transparent element 14

[0346] 35 Beam collimator

[0347] 36 Beam collimators

[0348] 37 Beam collimator

[0349] 38. Dichroic beam splitter or beam combiner

[0350] 39. Dichroic beam splitter or beam combiner

[0351] 40 Dichroic beam splitter or beam combiner

[0352] 41 AR Glasses

[0353] 41' AR Glasses

[0354] 42 Optical Components

[0355] 43 Projection device

[0356] 44 Sensors

[0357] 45 Sensors

[0358] 46 sensors

[0359] 47 Replaceable eyeglass lenses

[0360] 48 processors

[0361] 49. Wireless transmission modules, especially 5G modules

[0362] 50 rechargeable batteries

[0363] 51 Protective Equipment

[0364] 52 Optical elements produced by thermoforming

[0365] 53 Optical elements produced by thermoforming

[0366] 54 Optical elements produced by thermoforming

[0367] 55. Circular flange

[0368] 56. A ring-shaped recessed portion or groove

[0369] 57. Pre-formed, especially biconvex, optical elements, preferably in the form of spherical lenses.

[0370] 58. Pre-formed, especially biconvex, optical elements, preferably in the form of spherical lenses.

[0371] 59. Pre-formed, especially biconvex, optical elements, preferably in the form of spherical lenses.

[0372] 60 Glass solder solder glass

[0373] 61 Plano-convex optical elements

[0374] 62 Plano-convex optical elements

[0375] 63 Plano-convex optical elements

[0376] 64. Solder glass for glass soldering

[0377] 65 Optical elements, especially pre-formed, particularly aspherical optical elements.

[0378] 66 Front wall of housing cover 3

[0379] 67. Area of ​​base 5 facing transparent element 14

[0380] 68 Fibers

[0381] 69 Fibers

[0382] The plug-shaped portion 70 of the optical connector 71 serves as part of a detachable optical connector, particularly as part of a detachably connectable plug-in connector 71.

[0383] 71 Detachable optical connector

[0384] The socket-shaped portion of the optical connector 72 serves as part of a detachable optical connector, particularly as part of a detachably connected plug-in connector 71.

[0385] 73 External optical fibers

[0386] 74 External optical fibers

[0387] 75 External optical fibers

[0388] 76 Optional lens constructions

[0389] 77 Fiber bundles

[0390] 78. Lead-out end of fiber bundle

[0391] 79 Scattering elements

[0392] 80 fibers in the mixed light region of 73, 74, and 75

[0393] 81. Laterally outward offset section of housing cover 3

[0394] A gold solder, especially AuSn solder

[0395] As the lateral protrusion of the housing cover 3

[0396] Area B of the base plate, where the base plate is held in place for load testing.

[0397] Width of the gold solder layer on the edge side of Ba

[0398] Bg Width of the edge-side glass solder layer

[0399] B6 Joint Line

[0400] B7 Joint Line

[0401] B8 Joint Line

[0402] Thickness of Dt transparent element 14

[0403] E6, a recessed portion in the upper side of the base 5, is used to form-fit and, in particular, precisely align the laser 6.

[0404] The recessed portion of E7 in the upper side of the base 5 is used to form-fit and, in particular, precisely align the laser 7.

[0405] The recessed portion of E8 in the upper side of the base 5 is used to form-fit and, in particular, precisely align the laser 6.

[0406] G Glass solder

[0407] H Height of the lateral protrusion of the housing cover 3

[0408] Ha is Figure 18 The shell 2 shown has a rectangular cross-section and a height of Ha. Gold solder A is used in this shell.

[0409] Hg in Figure 17 The height of the rectangular shell 2 shown is such that glass solder G is used in this shell.

[0410] Hs is the beam diameter in the Z direction of the beam exiting laser 6, 7, or 8 along the corresponding main emission direction H6, H7, or H8.

[0411] The main emission direction of lasers H6 to H8, specifically lasers 6, 7, and 8.

[0412] Kf is the force vector used to introduce forces during load testing.

[0413] The distance from the front side of base 5 along the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8 to the edge of base plate 4 along the main emission direction of lasers 6, 7, or 8.

[0414] The normal direction of the bottom surface 9 of base plate 4.

[0415] The normal direction of the surface of the Nt bracket 23 on which the monitoring diodes 19, 20, and 21 are arranged.

[0416] The normal direction of the surface of the wall on which the transparent element 14 is arranged in the Nw housing cover 3.

[0417] OE6 sunken surface of E6

[0418] OE7 sunken surface of E7

[0419] OE8 sunken surface of E8

[0420] P is the arrow pointing in the direction of observation at the fiber end 78 of fiber bundle 77.

[0421] R supports the frame of transparent element 14

[0422] Rs Side edge of base plate 4

[0423] S is the weld between the shell cover 3 and the base plate 4.

[0424] The deposits on the transparent element, exemplarily magnified, appear as dust spots.

[0425] T refers to blackened materials, especially paints or coatings, such as black chrome plating or zinc-nickel coatings, particularly electrolytic coatings.

[0426] The thickness of the W base plate, especially extending from the distance L.

[0427] The thickness of the material of the shell cover 3 (Wg)

[0428] Z-feed lines, especially those leading to the laser.

[0429] Z6 feed line, especially the feed line leading to laser 6.

[0430] Z7 feed line, especially the feed line leading to laser 7.

[0431] Z8 feed line, especially the feed line leading to laser 8.

[0432] Z19 is the feed line leading to monitoring diode 19.

[0433] Z20 feed line to monitoring diode 20

[0434] Z21 feed line to monitoring diode 21

[0435] The direction of the imaging device related to Ze

Claims

1. A multi-laser structure, comprising: The housing has A housing cover having at least one opening formed therein for the passage of electromagnetic radiation, the opening having a transparent element disposed therewith. Base plate, in, The first laser, the second laser, and the third laser are arranged inside the housing, wherein The feed lines pass through the housing and are guided to the individual lasers, and When the laser is running, the majority of the light emitted by the laser passes through the transparent element. Each laser is respectively i) On the base ii) Arranged at intervals from the bottom surface of the base plate, and iii) The lasers are aligned with each other. The main direction of laser emission is substantially parallel to the bottom plate of the housing. The base plate has a ratio V of L to W, where V = L / W. When the transparent element (14) is arranged perpendicularly to the base plate (4), the normal direction of the base plate (4) is from 2 to 7, and When the transparent element (14) is arranged at an angle relative to the base plate (4), the value ranges from 4 to 20. Where L represents the distance between the front side of the base in the main emission direction of the laser and the edge of the base plate in the main emission direction of the laser, and W represents the thickness of the base plate.

2. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 1, wherein the multi-laser configuration is an RGB laser module, wherein the first laser emits in the red spectral range of the visible spectrum, the second laser emits in the green spectral range of the visible spectrum, and the third laser emits in the blue spectral range of the visible spectrum.

3. The multi-laser structure according to claim 1, wherein, When the transparent element (14) is arranged perpendicularly to the base plate (4), the ratio V is 3.4 to 4.5 in the normal direction of the base plate (4).

4. The multi-laser structure according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio V is from 6.6 to 13.5 when the transparent element (14) is arranged at an angle relative to the base plate (4).

5. The multi-laser structure according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the base plate extends along the distance L.

6. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing cover comprises or is made of metal, and the base plate comprises or is made of metal, and the housing cover is connected to the base plate by welding.

7. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base is integrally formed with the base plate, and / or The base plate comprises or is made of metal, and the base is made of or comprises a different material from the base plate.

8. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base plate comprises or is made of cold-rolled steel CRS1010.

9. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base is made of or includes oxygen-free high conductive copper (OFHC).

10. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base is pressed, brazed, or welded together with the base plate.

11. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a fast-axis collimating FAC lens is arranged on the base.

12. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fast-axis collimating FAC lens is arranged on the base at intervals from the end face of the laser.

13. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transparent element comprises glass or sapphire, or is made of glass or sapphire.

14. The multi-laser configuration of claim 13, wherein the transparent element is formed as a fast-axis collimating FAC lens or includes a fast-axis collimating FAC lens.

15. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transparent element is formed as a fiberboard or comprises a fiberboard.

16. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 13, wherein the transparent element is held on the housing cover or on a frame arranged on the housing cover by means of glass solder, and / or The transparent element is held on the housing cover by means of AuSn, and / or The transparent element is soldered to the housing cover.

17. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 14, wherein the transparent element is held on the housing cover or on a frame arranged on the housing cover by means of glass solder, and / or The transparent element is held on the housing cover by means of AuSn, and / or The transparent element is soldered to the housing cover.

18. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 15, wherein the transparent element is held on the housing cover or on a frame arranged on the housing cover by means of glass solder, and / or The transparent element is held on the housing cover by means of AuSn, and / or The transparent element is soldered to the housing cover.

19. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least the wall of the housing cover on which the transparent element is disposed is formed to be tilted relative to the base plate, wherein the tilt angle of the wall of the housing cover relative to the normal direction of the bottom surface of the base plate is in the range of 35° to 60°.

20. The multi-laser configuration of claim 19, wherein the tilt angle is in the range of 40° to 50°.

21. The multi-laser configuration of claim 19, wherein the tilt angle is in the range of 43° to 48°.

22. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein A monitoring diode is arranged below the transparent element, and the laser light reflected back by the transparent element is directed onto the monitoring diode.

23. The multi-laser structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, At least the normal direction of the wall on which the transparent element is arranged is formed to be oblique relative to the main emission direction of at least one of the lasers, wherein the oblique angle is in the range of 3° to 15° relative to the main emission direction.

24. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 23, wherein the slant angle is within the range of 5° to 10° relative to the main emission direction.

25. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 23, wherein the slant angle is within the range of 6° to 8° relative to the main emission direction.

26. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a monitoring diode is arranged behind the laser.

27. The multi-laser configuration of claim 26, wherein the monitoring diode is arranged on a support attached to the laser behind the laser.

28. The multi-laser configuration of claim 27, wherein the monitoring diode is arranged on a support comprising or made of ceramic, and the normal direction of the surface on which the monitoring diode is arranged is formed to be oblique relative to the main emission direction of at least one of the lasers, wherein the oblique angle relative to the main emission direction is in the range of 3° to 15°.

29. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 28, wherein the slant angle is within the range of 5° to 10° relative to the main emission direction.

30. The multi-laser configuration of claim 28, wherein the slant angle is within the range of 6° to 8° relative to the main emission direction.

31. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings, wherein a transparent element is respectively assigned to one of these openings, or a transparent element is commonly assigned to all of these openings.

32. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing cover includes a plurality of openings, each having a transparent element disposed at one of the openings, the transparent element forming a beam-shaping optical element selected from a group of optical elements comprising: Spherical or plano-convex / concave lenses, spherical or hemispherical lenses, Aspherical plano-convex or concave-convex lenses.

33. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical fiber is connected to the housing by means of an optical fiber connector.

34. The multi-laser configuration of claim 33, wherein the fiber optic connector is a detachably connected fiber optic connector.

35. The multi-laser configuration of claim 33, wherein the fiber optic connector is a durable fiber optic connector.

36. The multi-laser configuration according to claim 33, wherein the optical fiber is connected to the housing cover by means of an optical fiber connector.

37. The multi-laser configuration of claim 33, wherein each laser is assigned an optical fiber, and the fibers assigned to the lasers are bundled into fiber bundles, wherein the fibers are arranged close to each other with their respective fiber cores in the fiber bundles.

38. The multi-laser configuration of claim 37, wherein a common fiber sheath is formed in the fiber bundle surrounding the fiber core.

39. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a glass-metal feedthrough for feed lines leading to said laser.

40. The multi-laser configuration of claim 22, comprising a glass-metal feedthrough for a feed line leading to the monitoring diode.

41. The multi-laser configuration of claim 22, wherein the monitoring diode has a color filter.

42. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing is formed to be fluid-tight and hermetically sealed.

43. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The atmosphere inside the shell contains less than 5000 ppm of H2O.

44. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base plate of the housing is formed at a reference potential and is charged.

45. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base plate is formed as a support for optical components.

46. ​​The multi-laser configuration of claim 45, wherein the base plate is formed to protrude below the housing cover.

47. The multi-laser structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The inside of the housing cover is blackened.

48. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The inner side of the housing cover is formed with a matte black finish.

49. The multi-laser configuration of claim 13, wherein the housing has a protective device for the glass of the transparent element.

50. The multi-laser configuration of claim 49, wherein the protective device is formed as a section protruding from the transparent element in the lateral direction.

51. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing comprises a housing size having a height of 1.0 mm to 3.5 mm and / or a width of 4 mm to 10 mm and / or a length of 4 mm to 10 mm.

52. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interior of the housing has no mirrors and / or no dichroic elements.

53. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the interior of the housing does not contain at least partially reflective mirrors.

54. The multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the housing cover has a laterally outwardly offset section arranged in its lower region and adjacent to the base plate.

55. The multi-laser configuration of claim 54, wherein the base plate extends at least partially or completely in a laterally outwardly offset section with its lateral edges.

56. The multi-laser configuration of claim 54, wherein the base plate abuts from the inside against a laterally outwardly offset section in a form-fitting manner.

57. A head-mounted display comprising a multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein the multi-laser configuration is disposed on the display, or the multi-laser configuration is connected to the display by means of an optical fiber.

58. An AR glasses or eyewear comprising a head-mounted display according to claim 57.

59. A head-up display comprising a multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 56.

60. A motorcycle helmet comprising a head-up display according to claim 59, wherein the multi-laser configuration is disposed on the head-up display, or the multi-laser configuration is connected to the head-up display by means of an optical fiber.

61. A projector comprising a multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein the multi-laser configuration is disposed on the projector or the multi-laser configuration is connected to the projector by means of an optical fiber.

62. A projector for a mobile device, comprising a multi-laser configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein the multi-laser configuration is disposed on the projector or the multi-laser configuration is connected to the projector by means of an optical fiber.

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