Apparatus, method and use thereof for a radio communication network

Abstract

Apparatus, method and use thereof for a radio communication network. A method of operating an apparatus (UE1) comprises receiving (102) a plurality of radio signals (s0, s2); determining (104) at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) from the received radio signals (s0, s2), wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) indicates at least one radio resource (rr1) having a potential risk of a resource conflict; and transmitting (106) the resource conflict indicator (RCI).

Description

[0001] state-of-the-art technology

[0002] This description provides a useful example of an apparatus for operating a radio communication network.

[0003] Connectivity mobility is gaining attention across various communication standards, such as IEEE 802.11p / bd and 3GPP LTE / NR V2X. The latter is being further developed in conjunction with cellular coverage. In the case of 3GPP LTE / NR V2X, two scenarios are considered—in-coverage and out-of-coverage. Additionally, some connected UEs may be in-coverage, while others may be out of network coverage. This situation is referred to as partial out-of-coverage, as in... Figure 1 In this context, when the UE is within coverage, the network and its terminals (e.g., base stations (BS), evolved Node base stations (eNB), or 5G-NR-Node base stations (gNB)) allow the UE to perform sidelink (direct) communication between UEs. In this case, resource allocation, data control, and communication procedures are controlled by the UE. However, if the UE is outside the coverage of an EUTRA or 5G-NR cell, the UE is pre-configured with a mandatory configuration for autonomous communication via sidelink frequencies. In this case, the UE is also pre-configured with out-of-coverage frequencies, including Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) frequencies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first aspect of the description relates to an apparatus comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, and at least one communication module, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor and the at least one communication module to cause the apparatus to at least: receive a plurality of radio signals; determine at least one resource conflict indicator based on the received radio signals, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator indicates at least one radio resource with a potential risk of resource conflict; and transmit a resource conflict indicator.

[0005] Resource conflict indicators provide information about potentially conflicting resources in the network. For example, receiving entities transmitting data via distributed scheduling mechanisms benefit. Furthermore, entities that cannot perform sensing or only partially sense resources will benefit. Sensing operations by other entities can even be reduced, leading to network-wide energy consumption.

[0006] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is further configured to: determine the at least one resource conflict indicator at a point in time; and if a validity period is in operation from the determined point in time, transmit and / or retransmit the resource conflict indicator; and / or transmit a validity indicator associated with the determined at least one resource conflict indicator.

[0007] Advantageously, the validity of the resource conflict indicator is predetermined, and the transmission events are randomized, in order to increase equality among entities transmitting resource conflict indicators on the same channel.

[0008] According to an advantageous example, the device is further configured to: determine at least one communication parameter based on at least one monitored radio signal; and determine at least one validity period based on the determined at least one communication parameter.

[0009] Advantageously, the validity period adapts to channel conditions. Distributed scheduling benefits from the administrative penetration of the network through collision indicators, which helps other UEs reserve and utilize potentially non-collision radio resources.

[0010] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is further configured to: determine at least one communication parameter based on at least one monitored radio signal; map the determined at least one communication parameter to at least one transmission parameter of a resource conflict indicator; and determine and / or transmit the resource conflict indicator based on the transmission parameter.

[0011] Advantageously, the transmission of resource conflict indicators depends on the determined communication parameters that indicate potential conflict communications.

[0012] According to an advantageous example, the transmission parameter is a priority, and the means is further configured to: determine a plurality of resource conflict indicators associated with corresponding priorities as at least one transmission parameter; and select one of the plurality of resource conflict indicators according to the associated priority; and transmit the selected resource conflict indicator.

[0013] Advantageously, resource conflict indicators are placed in a priority queue. Therefore, priority scheduling of resource conflict indicators is provided.

[0014] According to an advantageous example, the device is further configured to receive at least a portion of the mapping between the at least one communication parameter and the at least one transmission attribute.

[0015] Advantageously, the network can be configured with mappings to adapt to network penetration using resource conflict indicators.

[0016] According to an advantageous example, the device is configured to: draw randomization values; and when the determined randomization values ​​exceed a probability threshold, determine and / or transmit resource conflict indicators.

[0017] Randomized penetration of radio communication networks has several advantages. For example, other communications can overwrite resource conflict indicators, and distributed penetration of the network can be established.

[0018] According to an advantageous example, the device is configured to: determine at least one communication parameter based on at least one monitored radio signal; and determine a probability threshold based on the determined at least one communication parameter.

[0019] Advantageously, the transmission probability of the resource conflict indicator is adapted to the current radio situation.

[0020] According to the second aspect described, a method of operating an apparatus is provided, the method comprising: receiving a plurality of radio signals; determining at least one resource conflict indicator based on the received radio signals, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator indicates at least one radio resource having a potential risk of resource conflict; and transmitting the resource conflict indicator.

[0021] According to a third aspect described, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, and at least one communication module, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured together with the at least one processor and the at least one communication module such that the apparatus at least: receives at least one resource conflict indicator, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator indicates at least one radio resource having a potential risk of resource conflict; determines data for transmission; determines the radio resource for data transmission based on the received at least one resource conflict indicator; and transmits the determined data via the determined radio resource.

[0022] Advantageously, the device is able to suppress the use of potentially conflicting radio resources. In particular, distributed scheduling benefits because the device is aware of potential conflicts detected by remote devices.

[0023] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is further configured to: receive a validity indicator associated with the at least one conflict indicator; and avoid using at least one radio resource indicated by the at least one resource conflict indicator as long as the received validity indicator indicates that the received at least one resource conflict indicator is valid.

[0024] Advantageously, the device is able to forget past conflict situations. On the other hand, if a conflict situation persists, the device is able to maintain the blocking of the indicated radio resources.

[0025] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is configured to: determine a set of candidate radio resources based on at least one received resource conflict indicator; and determine radio resources for data transmission from the determined set of candidate radio resources.

[0026] Advantageously, it avoids the use of potentially conflicting radio resources.

[0027] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is configured to: plot randomization values; and determine a set of candidate radio resources based on a received resource conflict indicator when the randomization values ​​exceed a probability threshold.

[0028] Advantageously, a probability threshold determines the probability that at least one potentially conflicting resource will enter the candidate resource set. If the randomization value does not exceed the probability threshold, the received resource conflict indicator is ignored. In other words, the use of radio resources indicated by the resource conflict indicator is probabilistically suppressed.

[0029] According to an advantageous example, the apparatus is configured to: determine that at least one overlap has occurred between at least one radio resource indicated by a resource conflict indicator and at least one radio resource that the apparatus has previously used for transmission; if the overlap is determined, determine at least one communication parameter based on the at least one radio resource that has previously been used by the apparatus for transmission; and determine a probability threshold based on the at least one determined communication parameter.

[0030] Advantageously, the probability threshold is adapted to the communications occurring on the observed radio channel.

[0031] The fourth aspect described relates to a method of operating an apparatus, the method comprising: receiving at least one resource conflict indicator, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator indicates at least one radio resource having a potential risk of resource conflict; determining data for transmission; determining the radio resource for data transmission based on the received at least one resource conflict indicator; and transmitting the determined data via the determined radio resource.

[0032] The fifth aspect relates to a radio terminal that includes a device according to one of the foregoing aspects.

[0033] The sixth aspect described pertains to a road vehicle that includes an apparatus according to one of the aspects and / or a radio terminal according to the preceding aspects.

[0034] The seventh aspect described relates to the use of an apparatus according to one aspect and / or a radio terminal according to the fifth aspect and / or a method according to one aspect.

[0035] Figures 1 to 3 A schematic sequence diagram was depicted;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic flowchart was drawn; and

[0037] Figure 5 The traffic situation is depicted schematically.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic sequence diagram with three devices UE0, UE1, and UE2 is depicted. For example, UE0 and UE2 cannot communicate directly with each other, but communicate with UE1. Throughout the description, the term UE is used interchangeably for user equipment and devices, and further identifies the entities in each diagram.

[0039] First device UE1 includes a receiving component 100 for receiving multiple radio signals s0, s2 from devices UE0 and UE2. A determining component 104 is configured to determine at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) based on the received radio signals s0, s2, wherein the at least one RCI indicates at least one radio resource rr1, which has a potential risk of resource conflict on a radio channel being used by the multiple devices UE0, UE1, and UE2. Once the potential risk of resource conflict is identified and the RCI is determined, a message for the RCI is initialized in the communication layer (e.g., L1-physical layer or L2-MAC layer). A transmitting component 106 is configured to transmit the resource conflict indicator (RCI).

[0040] The second device UE2 includes a receiving component 206 for receiving at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) from the first device UE1. A determining component 208 is configured to determine data d for transmission. A determining component 210 is configured to determine a radio resource rr2 for transmission of data d based on the received at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI). A transmitting component 212 is configured to transmit the determined data d via the determined radio resource rr2.

[0041] If a potential conflict is identified, UE1 determines at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI). For example, a potential conflict is identified when at least two devices, UE0 and UE2, transmit on one or more overlapping radio resources. In another example, transmissions detected by at least two devices, UE0 and UE2 (e.g., within the same group), on one or more overlapping time resources (i.e., frequency resources) may be non-overlapping; also known as a half-duplex problem, or partial overlap will lead to the determination of a Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI).

[0042] In sidelink communication, overlapping transmissions in time or both time and frequency are calculated for devices UE0 and UE2 that are within a certain communication range or belong to the same communication group. According to another example of sidelink communication, if the received signal strength (RSSI) or RSRP of the identified overlapping transmissions exceeds a certain threshold, it leads to the determination of a potential collision. RSSI stands for Received Signal Strength Indicator, and RSRP stands for Reference Signal Received Power.

[0043] According to the example, the received signal and overlap identifier are determined by determining component 104, which includes at least one of the following: 1. Based on SCI sidelink control information, decoding, overlap reservation in SCI transmitted before a determined time, and if possible, calculating RSRP from reserved transmissions; overlapping transmissions identified by two or more decoded SCIs with associated reservations containing the same time slot and frequency resources, where the latter can be fully overlapping, partially overlapping, or non-overlapping, note: here time resources always overlap; 2. Based on DMRS decoding: identifying overlapping transmission overlap time / frequency resources by decoding the associated DMRS resources of two or more overlapping transmissions. This is also valid if device UE1 cannot decode the SCI contained in the PSCCH. Therefore, RSSI can be calculated; a group may have identified DMRS, therefore, device UE1 determines whether a collision or potential collision belongs to a certain group based on the decoded DMRS; based on RSSI: if the SCI in the PSCCH physical sidelink shared channel or DMRS demodulation reference signal cannot be decoded by device UE1, but the RSSI of the undecodeable transmission / collision is still above a threshold, then overlapping transmission overlap time / frequency resources are identified. If a collision occurs between group members who are using the same DMRS, then the DMRS cannot be used to resolve the potential collision; instead, the RSSI threshold should be used—if the RSI is identified, for example, if the SCI is not decodable.

[0044] If device UE1 can decode an SCI transmission contained in at least one or more PSCCH transmissions, then device UE1 calculates RSRP. If device UE1 cannot decode an SCI transmission containing one or more overlapping resources, then the UE calculates RSSI instead of RSRP. As an example, different thresholds may exist for both RSSI and RSSP, which are declared to identify potential conflicts.

[0045] The at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) includes or is accompanied by at least one of the following: a priority field for auxiliary information; the time / frequency resources of possible colliding packets, i.e., full, partial, or no frequency overlap; multiple colliding transmitters on different resources; the time validity of the RCI; the periodicity of the RCI occurrence; the periodicity of the indicated radio resource; the time offset of the potential resource conflict indicated from the time point of the RCI report; the periodicity P of the RCI; the frequency location of the overlapping resources; the resource pool / BWP index; the index of the potential resource conflict; and the validity period p1. The validity period can be evaluated such that the longer the potential conflict exists, the higher the validity timer p1 of the transmission becomes.

[0046] The measurements of signals s1 and s2 based on the determination of component 104 are performed via at least one of the following: sensing, RSSI detection, RSRP detection, etc. Therefore, RSSI includes information about possible transmission overlap or collisions between UE0 and UE2 or between other devices that transmit in the radio communication network and cause radio interference.

[0047] For example, RCI is carried on higher-level signaling (e.g., MAC control elements) or lower-level control signaling (i.e., first-order SCI and / or second-order SCI).

[0048] RCI transmission via transmission component 106 is accomplished through group communication, where connection establishment is even performed using unicast PC5 RRC radio resource control signaling. The configuration and capabilities of the RCI are transmitted using, for example, PC5 RRC signaling.

[0049] According to another example, RCI is transmitted in connectionless group communications with or without PC5 RRC signaling. The configuration of RCI is done by the base station or is pre-configured.

[0050] In an exemplary radio communication system with three UEs, auxiliary device UE1 performs measurements and / or data decoding and situation assessment according to determination component 104. Determination component 104 performs at least one of the following: channel sensing, RSSI measurement, RSRP measurement, and CBR constant bit rate measurement.

[0051] For example, device UE1 decodes control data received from at least one other device UE0. Device UE1 identifies the L1 / L2 source identity and / or destination identity, the TX transmission power of the other UE, the broadcast type of the other UE, and the communication priority.

[0052] For example, if other UEs have different DM-RS modes or if the DM-RS modes have logical meanings regarding reservation, channel utilization, multicast configuration, etc., then auxiliary device UE1 decodes the DMRS signals of the other devices UE0 and UE2.

[0053] For example, auxiliary device UE1 assesses the TX location and / or communication range based on the area identifiers or RSRPs of other devices UE0 and UE2.

[0054] In yet another example, device UE1 identifies transmission radio resources and / or retransmission radio resources reserved by other devices UE0 and UE2.

[0055] Radio resources include time / frequency resource locations and / or periodicity and / or time / frequency resource patterns.

[0056] According to the example, the RCI includes a time index indicating where the resource conflict exists relative to the UE1 timeline or the network timeline (i.e., from a reference point). This reference could, for example, refer to the moment when UE1 reports information, i.e., time 0, the network subframe number SFN, or a timestamp calculated from the GNSS or any other synchronization reference point. In one example, the reporting slot is at time zero t=0, and the time offset is in a negative time position; that is, based on the resource conflict detected at UE1, it can be detected when the collision occurs. In another example, the reporting slot is again at time zero t=0, and the time offset is in a positive time position, i.e., if a resource conflict is identified for a future slot while the SCI remains decodable. The L bits can be pre-configured to address the location of one or more potential conflicts. Additionally, an extra bit b_i may need to be considered to indicate a positive (e.g., ) or negative (e.g., Therefore, L+1 bits are needed to encode one or more time offset positions from the reporting time t=0 of the resource conflict. Assuming the reporting time slot is 0 and the time offset is indicated in a negative time position, i.e., The time offset is from -T to -Delta_T, represented by code points, where Delta_T is the processing time. For example, if the time offset has 7 bits, that is, up to 128 units can be encoded, Delta_T = -1 unit to -T = -127 units, assuming... If more than one conflicting time offset needs to be reported in negative time positions, the first code point (say, bit X) encodes the first time point—T1 (e.g., Delta_T = -1 unit to -T = -127), the next Y bit encodes the second time point—T2 (e.g., -T1+1 unit to -T = -127), and so on, until the number of encoding positions is met, i.e., if there are more than one or two positions. In the previous example, for potential resource conflicts, the referenced time offset could be similarly considered for positive times between Delta_T and T; however, it is assumed that... Therefore, the first moment T1 is from Encode N bits up to T=127, for example, if L=7 bits. If we have more positions, then T2 is encoded from T1+1 to T, and so on. The lower bound of the reported offset position Dela_T is a function of the processing time of the layer associated with the RCI report. Therefore, the minimum reporting position for RCI transmission is the processing time. For layer 1, where Processing time For layer 2, where .

[0057] In another example, if the value provides enough code points, the timing and frequency of potential resource conflicts can be encoded in a single value.

[0058] In another example, the time location can be referenced to a globally unique timeslot SFN, a timestamp number calculated from the network, a UE1 reference node, or GNSS.

[0059] The periodicity P indicates the periodicity of the RCI repetition. In this case, if UE2 detects a resource conflict, UE1 can include the periodicity P in the RCI. In this case, if P = 0, it means that UE1 does not detect or require the periodicity indicating the existence of a resource conflict. However, the periodicity P can be a non-zero value that indicates periodicity in any of the following ways: some periodic steps are configured or pre-configured with a small number of bits, for example, R bits, for example, if it is 4 bits, then 16 values ​​need to be configured; or it is quantized in absolute value, i.e., in R bits.

[0060] In another example, the frequency offset, as part of the RCI, indicates overlapping resources. In one example, the time offset is 1 bit for each indication only if the overlap of frequency resources exists at the encoded time position. Thus, for example, 0 means there is no overlap in this case, half-duplex, or 1 means partial or complete overlap exists.

[0061] In another example, if there is partial, complete, or no overlap, for instance, in a 2-bit case, the frequency offset as part of the RCI is encoded as follows: 00 = no overlap, half-duplex; 01, meaning partial overlap between 25% and 50% of frequency resources; 10, meaning partial overlap between 50% and 75% of frequency resources; 11, meaning almost complete frequency overlap between 75% and 100% of frequency resources. A receiver like UE2 can use this frequency offset information to learn about the severity of traffic and resource conflicts.

[0062] In another example, if precise feedback of the overlapping resources is required, the F bits of the RCI encode the starting position of the overlapping frequency resources, where F is a function of the logarithm of the frequency resources, and the S bits of the RCI encode the length of the overlapping resource, where S bits is the logarithm of the frequency resources.

[0063] In another example, the amount of time and frequency resources, as well as the amount of overlapping frequency resources, can be encoded in a single code point in the RCI.

[0064] In the example, the auxiliary information sends the time information and / or frequency information of all overlapping resources, or the time information plus the frequency information of all overlapping resources, or the time information plus the frequency information plus the length of all overlapping resources.

[0065] In another example, if the potential resource conflict is periodic, then as in the previous example, the periodicity is sent along with the overlapping resource time / frequency.

[0066] If, for example, frequency location or frequency overlap information is missing in the pre-configured RCI or the received RCI element, all receiving UEs assume that the frequency overlaps over the entire BWP or the configured resource pool at the identified time offset / location.

[0067] In this embodiment, UE2 may also identify resource pool indices / BWP indices that include potential resource conflicts. UE1 identifies a resource pool index for each reported RCI. In this case, if the resource pools / BWPs are configured or pre-configured to overlap, UE2, which receives the RCI, identifies the indicated resource pool index and all other overlapping resource pools. BWP is an abbreviation for Bandwidth Component.

[0068] If the RCI is initiated / established and formed in a higher layer (e.g., layer 2, such as the MAC layer), the RCI can be carried on higher layer signaling, such as the MAC control element MAC-CE, or, for example, a CSI report.

[0069] As an example, the RCI found in Layer 2, as stated herein, can be carried on a single MAC control element CE (e.g., the RCI MAC-CE). This RCI MAC-CE can include information about affected radio resources with potential conflicts, i.e., periodic or non-periodic, including information stated in previous embodiments, such as time offset, frequency resource, periodicity, etc. For configured periodic resources, references to the periodic resources (e.g., configured resource IDs, such as the SPS ID semi-persistent scheduling identifier, if known to UE1) can be signaled.

[0070] In another example, RCI is transmitted based on an extended MAC CE report, such as a CSI report MAC-CE. In this case, UE1 can send an extended MAC-CE, such as a CSI report, including: a CQI value or other quantization value indicating the presence of a potential conflict. Those values ​​need to be pre-configured to quantify potential resource conflicts, for example, in a resource pool, on a frequency resource, and / or at a specific time. For example, those quantization values ​​could be: interference power quantities as stated above, i.e., quantizing RSSI or RSRP measurements in the presence of resource conflicts, where the scale of the new quantized RSSI or RSRP values ​​needs to be encoded with a certain number of bits.

[0071] According to the example, a Layer 3 filter is designed to track the severity of potential resource conflicts over an elapsed time period. The sensed amount of interference sources—i.e., the number of colliding interference sources—can be quantified. In this case, UE1 can send a single value indicating the amount of interference sources: for example, using two bits: 00 for one interference, 01 for two interferences, 10 for two / three interferences, and 11 for three or more interferences. More bits can be used in the case of mapping. This Layer 3 filter can be used to compress the reported information. Therefore, filtering is done in time, frequency, and / or space. In our case, the filter can include: an entire resource pool frequency resource filtered into a single value; a consecutive set of sidelink frequency subchannels that result in a set of filter values ​​of the same length; a consecutive set or group of sidelink frequency resource blocks that result in a set of filter outputs of the same length. These values ​​are reported at each time point, where the reported time point can be encoded to be tracked at the receiving UE, i.e., the potential resource conflicts determined over time. An example of a Layer 3 filter is represented by the following equation: Where Fn = is used for measurement reporting and represents the updated filtered measurement result, Fn-1 represents the old filtered measurement result; Mn represents the latest received measurement result from the physical layer. For the corresponding measurement received by the quantity configuration parameters, a = 14, and Mn is the filter coefficient.

[0072] According to the Layer 1 example, RCI can be transmitted via Layer 1 control signaling (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI)) – i.e., on the Level 1 SCI and / or Level 2 SCI. Additionally, it is also possible to carry a portion of the RCI within lower-layer control information – i.e., the Level 1 SCI and / or Level 2 SCI. If only a portion of the RCI is transmitted on Layer 1 signaling, other information can be transmitted via higher-layer signaling above Layer 1. However, the receiving UE (e.g., UE1 or UE2) can first decode the Layer 1 signaling, knowing it is an RCI message. Subsequently, the UE extracts the detailed report from the Layer 2 signaling. If the receiving UE is not configured to receive RCI, the UE can discard the packet. The lower-layer 1 signaling RCI includes Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 may include flipping one of the reserved bits to 1, making it an auxiliary report; i.e., 0 indicates normal data or another physical sidelink feedback channel. Level 1 may include: if there is no reservation, the auxiliary information will be transmitted once. Level 1 may include: if a reservation exists, it is a repetition of the auxiliary information. The first stage may include: a priority field mapped to a priority value in the auxiliary information. The second stage may include the destination ID of the UE source interference. The second stage may include the destination ID of a UE that can utilize the suggested resources, such as a victim UE or a UE in a group—regardless of whether it is in the UE-X group. The second stage may include information about the assigned MAC control elements, such as the number of repetitions, lifetime, time offset in the DFN, and SFN.

[0073] If an upper layer (e.g., Layer 2), such as MAC CE, is additionally used, it may include at least one of the following: a CSI extended report as described above, containing the interference level and the number of interference sources; an affected configuration or SPS or configured resource, such as offset, time / frequency resource, period, etc., where interference or resource conflict exists. This may include mappings of resources / multiple SPSs with multiple configurations, where, for example, linked configuration resources are mapped one-to-one to a Layer 2 ID, i.e., identifying the affected or impacted UE; resources not linked to a Layer 2 ID are not identified, i.e., no affected or impacted UE is identified.

[0074] After sensing potential collisions and collecting information about them via determining component 210, device UE1 indicates the source of the potential collision via RCI, such as: single transmission; semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), i.e., periodic transmission; or pseudo-random time / frequency resource mode (TFRP) if the TFRP transmission mode is pre-configured for other UEs. Therefore, device UE1 reports potential collisions, half-duplex issues, or possible quantization interference to some relevant UEs or device UE2. Relevant UEs are those that overlap / collide.

[0075] For example, if UE2 is able to decode the associated SCI and / or MAC headers / frames, then UE2 resolves a potential conflict by identifying a set of one or more specific UEs involved in the potential conflict. UE2 identifies other UEs, for example, through Physical Layer ID (L1 ID) resolution and Layer 2 ID (L2 ID) resolution. For example, UE2 unicasts a transmission to one or more of the identified UEs involved in the potential resource conflict. Furthermore, UE2 may decide to send multicast information about the potential resource conflict to the identified group of UEs.

[0076] For example, device UE2 defines a communication range, within which UEs should, for example, transmit RCIs to the communication range via multicast. The communication range of resolution-2 is pre-configured / configured by the upper layer. Device UE2 can execute this range resolution from the beginning or when the last segment is resolved.

[0077] In another example, device UE2 transmits the RCI in a broadcast message. Therefore, all nearby UEs should be able to decode the RCI, which is either sent independently or bundled into a previous message. UE2 executes the resolution from the beginning or when resolution 1 or 2 of the last two segments fails.

[0078] In the example, the receiving UE is signaled to the RCI receiving UE with an appropriate RCI message—Layer 1 or Layer 2 signaling. Those UEs are in a group, where UE1 belongs to the group, where UE group members belong to UE1, where the receiving UE receives messages via multicast / unicast communication, and / or belong to a group where all UE group members belong to UE1, where if unicast or multicast is not configured or feasible, the receiving UE receives messages via broadcast.

[0079] In another example, within a group where UE1 does not belong to a group, the receiving UE receives RCI messages via ensemble / unicast / broadcast communication.

[0080] However, if UE1 is configured / pre-configured to determine RCI, and UE1 declares RCI, where UE1 cannot identify one or more colliding / overlapping UEs, then UE-X can send RCI.

[0081] In another example, the UE range is near UE1, allowing the receiving UE to associate the RCI with resources it has previously transmitted or resources it has reserved for the future, where the RCI is sent using multicast or broadcast with communication range. If the time offset involves one or more previous transmission frames of the colliding UE, the colliding UE can be assumed to report transmissions including theirs.

[0082] The receiving UE1 can suppress existing or continuing transmissions, such as periodic transmissions. Additionally, if a potential conflict is anticipated based on auxiliary information indicated by an RCI, the receiving UE1 can decide to suppress future transmissions. Additionally, the receiving UE can consider one or more of the following: an RCI for re-evaluating a selected but not previously reserved resource; an RCI for preempting selected and already reserved resources; or an RCI for triggering a reselection process again from scratch.

[0083] In another example, if UE2 is configured to suppress transmissions with a probability P_suppress (where P_suppress is configured for each resource pool, each CBR / CR, each transmission priority, and each communication range), then receiving UE2 receives an RCI from other UE1 regarding the identified collision location of a resource conflict in a future or previously used resource, and continues until a future resource can determine whether to send further transmissions on the identified resource with a resource conflict (whether periodic or aperiodic). In this case, if receiving UE2 receives an RCI from auxiliary UE1, receiving UE2 will decide to generate a random variable, such as transmitProbabilty_A_Info. If transmitProbabilty_A_Info < P_suppress, then receiving UE2 will suppress future possible transmissions that could result in a resource conflict. However, if the opposite occurs, i.e., transmitProbabilty_A_Info > P_suppress, then UE2 decides to discard the RCI. Additionally, UE2 can decide to increase P_suppress by X%, where X is configured for each resource pool, each CBR, each transport priority, and each communication range. The mapping function can be for a single resource pool and includes several entries for, for example, the following: P_suppress, CBR, CR, priority, and communication range.

[0084] Figure 2 A schematic sequence diagram illustrates the radio scenario. UE0 transmits a signal to UE1, but UE2 cannot reach it. UE0 is unreachable from UE2. Signals s0 and s2 on radio resource rr1#0 collide and indicate a resource conflict, which is determined by determining element 104. After receiving the RCI, UE2 determines which radio resource rr1#2 to omit. Instead, UE2 determines that rr2 is different from rr1#2 in order to transmit data d. The periodic transmission of radio resources rr1#0 to rr#3 via RCI avoids using rr1#2 for data d transmission.

[0085] Figure 3 A schematic sequence diagram is depicted. (Reference) Figure 1The receiving component 118 is configured to receive at least a portion of a mapping mp1 between at least one communication parameter cp and at least one transport attribute tp. For example, the mapping mp1 defines a mapping function to different, such as QoS and / or CBR ranges. The mapping mp1 can be defined or pre-configured for each resource pool or BWP. The network configures UE1 by means of the mapping mp1.

[0086] Determining component 110 is configured to determine at least one communication parameter cp based on at least one of the monitored radio signals s0 and s1. Determining component 112 is configured to determine at least one validity period p1 based on the determined at least one communication parameter cp.

[0087] At least one validity period p1 determines how many times a potential conflict has occurred or how long a potential conflict has existed. Therefore, the validity period p1 is an indicator for assessing the severity of a potential conflict. One example includes the determined RCI repeating periodically and remaining valid until the validity period p1 has passed. Thus, device UE2 can indicate the periodicity in which the RCI repeats. Another example includes the RCI being repeated and remaining valid for multiple time slots between at least two devices before the validity period p1 has passed. In this case, device UE2 can send a repetition value indicating how many times or how many time slots the RCI has been repeated. Several bits can quantify the repetition value, for example, 00: once, 01: 2 times previously, 10: 5 times previously, 11: more than 5 times previously.

[0088] For example, the validity period p1 is a function of one or more communication parameters cp, including at least one of the following: CBR, transmission range, QoS, communication group size, and priority.

[0089] In one example, if p1 is a function of CBR, it can be designed to cause too many UEs to report RCIs, thus indicating that the same conflict has been avoided. Therefore, if CBR is low, p1 is set to a large value, and vice versa.

[0090] In another example, if T p1 is a function of QoS, it can be designed such that device UE1 can transmit p1 with high QoS.

[0091] In yet another example, if a potential conflict occurs within a communication range, or if a communication group, such as in a multicast communication, or if a potential conflict occurs in a sidelink communication and the measured / evaluated RSSI and / or RSRP exceeds a pre-configured or determined or mapped RSSI / RSRP threshold, etc., then device UE1 sends one or more transmissions, which include independent messages or RCIs packaged into other messages.

[0092] According to the example, the validity period p1 is determined to be set higher the longer a potential conflict exists. Therefore, device UE1 maintains the transmission of RCI corresponding to existing / persistent potential conflicts.

[0093] According to the example, to determine the validity period p1, device UE1 monitors a set of radio resources, for example, on one or more resource pools or at least one BWP in which RCI is pre-configured. To declare potential conflicts for any of these identified resources, device UE2 is configured to monitor the radio resources within a monitoring window of a specific size of time slots, measured in time units used for transmission (e.g., time slots / ms). The monitoring window size can be pre-configured for each resource pool or each BWP. The monitoring window size can be equal to or shorter than the sensing window. The monitoring window can contain one or more potential resource conflicts. If a conflict occurs in the last T-max ms before a transmission opportunity, device UE1 can decide to identify and transmit an RCI. The identified potential conflict relative to the UE1 transmission timeline can be: a) occurring at least once within T-max before the transmission opportunity, but not at any time before the monitoring window, e.g., validity time is 00; b) occurring at least once within T-max before the transmission opportunity and again before the monitoring window, e.g., validity time >= 01; c) occurring in one or more periods before the RCI transmission opportunity, e.g., validity time >= 01 + periodicity P of the RCI transmission.

[0094] In another example, if the RCI procedure determines a transmission indicator for a given RCI, and if the CBR is high enough, i.e., exceeding a certain CBR threshold, then device UE1 can postpone the transmission of the RCI to the next possible radio resource selected, reselected, or reserved by UE21, as long as the delay time does not exceed the allowed historical time factor or validity period p1.

[0095] Determining component 110 is configured to determine at least one communication parameter cp based on at least one of the monitored radio signals s0 and s1. For example, the Channel Busyness Rate (CBR) is defined as the proportion of channel time during which the energy measured on the channel is above the Idle Channel Assessment (CCA) threshold. Mapping device 114 maps the determined at least one communication parameter cp to at least one transmission parameter tp of the Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI). Determining component 104 determines and / or transmits the RCI based on the transmission parameter tp.

[0096] The Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is determined and / or transmitted based on several triggering parameters. For example, the trigger is based on at least one of the following communication parameters of the monitored signal: CBR, CR, communication range, priority, lifetime, periodicity, or the severity of the determined conflict, such as how many times a collision has occurred in the past.

[0097] The transmission parameter tp includes at least one of the following: for example, time validity, validity period p1, RSSI / RSRP threshold / communication priority / communication group size. At least one transmission parameter tp can be restricted and / or pre-configured to certain resource pools or bandwidth portions (BWPs). In one example, resource pool configuration / pre-configuration or BWP pre-configuration for sidelink communication can define / enumerate / list those transmission parameters tp. In another example, the pre-configuration of device UE2 for sidelink communication can define / enumerate / list the transmission parameters mentioned above.

[0098] In another example, based on the determined CBR for a given resource pool or a given BWP, UE1 may prioritize auxiliary information for only the more severe potential conflicts, such as based on RSSI, RSRP / priority / QoS, if the SCI is decoded. Therefore, a mapping is performed between the CBR from one side and the RCI priority based on the priority field in the control information of the affected transmission and / or the severity based on RSSI / RSRP, communication range, communication group, etc. In this case, RCI reporting may be limited to a few potential conflict sources. The mapping function determines a pre-configured range where device UE2 transmits RCI. The mapping function includes, for example: CBR, RSSI_threshold, RSRP_threshold, priority, and communication range.

[0099] In the previous example, UE1 can assess the available / remaining size of potentially retained RCIs and / or the possible channel occupancy rate (CR) allowing for future transmissions. Therefore, and based on the pre-configured mapping function defined above, UE1 can select / prioritize RCIs associated with serious potential conflicts, based, for example, on RSSI, RSRP / priority / QoS, if the SCI is decoded. If possible, the selected prioritized RCIs can be transmitted first. If UE1 has no additional resources for reporting additional remaining RCIs, UE1 can discard all remaining RCIs if they cannot be accommodated.

[0100] The determination of the Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) includes at least one or a combination of the following: sensing a dedicated radio channel containing radio signals; measuring the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of the radio signals; measuring the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of the radio signals; and measuring the CBR (Channel Traffic Ratio) of the radio signals.

[0101] The component 122 determines the probability threshold th based on at least one determined communication parameter cp.

[0102] Component 120 determines a randomized value rv based on the configured distribution, such as a pseudo-random number. When the determined randomized value rv exceeds a probability threshold th, component 120 determines and / or transmits component 106 a resource conflict indicator (RCI).

[0103] Based on at least one communication parameter cp, device UE1 transmits a resource collision indicator (RCI) based on a random probability, which is configured as a range or a single value such as a probability threshold th. For example, when the measured / evaluated CBR is low, device UE1 will set the threshold th to a high value, and when the measured / evaluated CBR is high, it will set the probability threshold th to a low value.

[0104] In another example, based on the calculated CBR and / or CR, UE1 can transmit RCI based on a random probability. The probability will be high when the measured / evaluated CBR is low. After determining the RCI, UE1 can generate a random value rv with a distribution PDF-X (e.g., uniform) and compare it with the mapped value for RCI transmission. If rv <= probability threshold th, then RCI is transmitted. Otherwise, if rv > th, the RCI is deferred to another transmission opportunity within the validity period p1, or otherwise, the RCI is discarded. The mapping between the measured / evaluated CBR and the evaluated CR from one side to the RCI TX probability P_i includes, for example, CBR, CR, and probability threshold th. The random process can be generated once after a potential conflict is identified and between the identification time t1 zero and the expiration of the validity period from the identification time t1. Additionally, the random process can be generated one or more additional times after the first generation (i.e., for a potential conflict) and until the timer T expires.

[0105] In another example, the probability of transmitting RCI can be a function of configured transmission parameters: transmission priority, RSSI / RSRP thresholds, communication range, etc. Therefore, the mapping can be represented differently (where P_i is the probability of transmitting RCI): probability threshold th, RSSI_threshold, RSRP_threshold, priority, and communication range.

[0106] In yet another example, the probability of sending RCI can be a function or mapping between the measured / evaluated CBR and / or CR and transmission parameters, such as transmission priority, RSSI / RSRP thresholds, communication range, etc.

[0107] According to the example, device UE1 determines at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) at time point t1; and if a validity period p1 is running from the determined time point t1, the RCI is transmitted and / or retransmitted. Therefore, device UE1 can transmit a further determined RCI instead of an older RCI, i.e., earlier than p1 ms.

[0108] According to another example, device UE1 transmits a validity indicator associated with at least one determined resource conflict indicator (RCI), such as an indication validity period p1.

[0109] The validity period p1 is configured or pre-configured, wherein device UE1 evaluates and considers the resource conflict indicator determined within the last p1 ms / time slot / time unit. For example, p1 is a function of at least one of the following: CBR, RSPR, RSSI, communication range, and transmission priority.

[0110] For example, an validity period p1 is selected to allow device UE1 to transmit an RCI no earlier than p1-ms / p1-timeslot / p1-time unit. Therefore, the validity period can also be referred to as the forgetting factor for older RCIs. The validity period p1 itself is a function of at least one of the following: channel busy rate (CBR), for example, for a busy channel, a high CBR results in a shorter p1 because the CBR occurs earlier; when the CBR is low, other devices report RCIs, and vice versa; the communication priority of potentially conflicting communications; the communication range of potentially conflicting communications; the size of the communication group associated with potentially conflicting communications; and the communication lifetime of potentially conflicting communications. When target device UE2 receives an RCI, target device UE2 begins to re-evaluate the selected resources after a short processing time, or directly triggers resource reselection.

[0111] Determining component 104 determines at least one transmission parameter tp from a plurality of resource conflict indicators (RCIs) associated with corresponding priorities. Selection device 116 selects one of the plurality of resource conflict indicators (RCIs) based on the associated priority. Transmission component 106 transmits the selected resource conflict indicator (RCI) before the remaining resource conflict indicators.

[0112] According to the example, device UE1 is further configured to determine, based on at least one monitored radio signal, the origin indicator of at least one other device (e.g., UE0) involved in the resource conflict, such as identity, location, or distance. For example, if the origin indicator indicates that the transmitting entity of the received radio signal is far away, the resource conflict indicator is not determined or transmitted. Therefore, if the origin indicator indicates that the distance to the transmitting entity of one of the multiple received signals is above a distance threshold, the determination or transmission of the associated resource conflict indicator is omitted. The resource conflict indicator RCI includes the determined origin indicator. Advantageously, other devices know the identity and / or location of the conflicting entity and can react accordingly.

[0113] In the example, in group communication with possible connection establishment, even when using unicast PC5 RRC signaling, the configuration and capabilities of RCI can be transmitted using, for example (e.g., included in UE capability information), PC5 RRC signaling. Therefore, Assist UE1 can send an RRC message with a logical sidelink control channel (SCCH) containing UE capabilities, such as UECapabilityInformationSidelink, including: AssistingInformationCapability: set to True. Additionally, another UE can send a request for RCI or inquire whether UE1 supports Assist Information transmission, for example via UECapabilityEnquirySidelink. Additionally, the size of the RCI can be set within the group using an RRC establishment protocol. The specific configuration of the MAC control element (CE) containing the RCI can be set, selected, or configured via RRC message establishment. Information regarding RCI periodicity, time / frequency information, validity, etc., can be configured within the group in the configuration message. Therefore, in the example, a synchronous RCI transmission between groups can be considered. For example, if the feedback is for RSRP, then the RRC configuration is: filterCoefficientRSRPAssistingInformation.

[0114] In another example, in the case of connectionless group communication, that is, without PC5 RRC signaling establishment, the RCI configuration is completed or pre-configured by the base station, and the RCI establishment handshake between UE pairs can be omitted.

[0115] The determining component 240 of UE2 determines that at least one overlap has occurred between at least one radio resource indicated by the resource conflict indicator RCI and at least one radio resource that the device UE2 has previously used for transmission. If an overlap is determined, the determining component 242 determines at least one communication parameter cp2 based on the at least one radio resource that has previously been used by the device UE2 for transmission. The determining component 244 determines a probability threshold th2 based on the at least one determined communication parameter cp2.

[0116] The second UE2 receives a validity indicator associated with at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) via receiving member 206. As long as the received validity indicator indicates that the received at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is valid, determining member 210 avoids using at least one radio resource indicated by the at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI).

[0117] Determining component 230 determines a set of candidate radio resources crr based on at least one received resource conflict indicator (RCI). Determining component 210 determines a radio resource rr2 for data d transmission from the determined set of candidate radio resources crr.

[0118] Determining component 210 is configured to determine a set of candidate radio resources (crr) by omitting at least one radio resource indicated as having a potential risk of resource conflict. Therefore, the set of candidate resources is determined by excluding at least one radio resource indicated by the resource conflict indicator from the candidate resources. By omitting at least one indicated potentially conflicting radio resource, the set of candidate radio resources does not include potentially conflicting radio resources.

[0119] Determining component 232 plots a randomization value rv2. When the randomization value rv2 exceeds a probability threshold th2, determining component 230 determines a set of candidate radio resources crr based on the received resource conflict indicator (RCI). According to the example, the suppression probability is increased by decreasing the threshold th2 when the suppression probability is triggered or when the set of candidate resource crr is determined.

[0120] Figure 4A schematic block diagram depicts a determining component 104 for at least one resource conflict indicator. According to determining component 402, determining component 402 determines whether the overlapping reservation of multiple additional devices can be decoded. If yes, the RSRP of the overlapping transmission is determined as at least one resource conflict indicator via determining component 404. The SCI is decoded either before the overlapping resource (i.e., as a reservation) or during the time interval of the overlapping resource. According to determining component 406, it is determined whether the RSRP is greater than an associated threshold, or whether the communication is within a group or a range, or has a certain priority range. If yes, a potential conflict is determined via determining component 408.

[0121] If the result of determination component 402 is not affirmative, then determination component 412 determines whether the overlapping DMRS is decodeable. DMRS can be decoded discriminatively for one or more overlapping UEs. If the result of determination component 412 is affirmative, then determination component 414 determines a resource conflict indicator in the form of RSSI for the overlapping DMRS-based transmissions. Based on determination component 416, it is determined whether our society is greater than an associated threshold, or whether the observed communication is associated with a group. If the result of determination component 416 is affirmative, then determination component 408 determines a potential conflict.

[0122] If the result of determination component 412 is not affirmative, then determination component 422 determines whether the overlapping SCI and DMR are undecodeable. If the result of determination component 422 is affirmative, then determination component 424 determines at least one resource conflict indicator in the form of RSSI for the overlapping transmission, for example based on the detected energy level. The RSSI can be calculated based on the energy detected at the DMRS location configured for the resource pool. According to determination component 426, it is determined whether the RSI is greater than an associated threshold. If the result of determination component 426 is affirmative, then determination component 408 determines a potential conflict on at least one radio resource.

[0123] Figure 5A schematic perspective view of an exemplary traffic scenario is shown. UE0 transmits a signal to UE1, but UE2 cannot reach it, as indicated by coverage areas cov0 and cov1. Therefore, direct radio channels D2D#1 and D2D#2 are used for communication between UE0 and UE1, UE1, and UE2, respectively. Each vehicle V0, V1, and V2 includes a radio terminal in the form of devices UE0, UE1, and UE2, which together form a radio communication network. Each of devices UE0, UE1, and UE2 includes a data bus B0, B1, and B2 connecting at least one processor P0, P1, and P2, memories M0, M1, and M2, and radio modules C0, C1, and C2. At least one antenna A0, A1, and A2 is connected to radio modules C0, C1, and C2. The corresponding radio modules C0, C1, and C2 are configured to transmit and receive radio signals via antennas A0, A1, and A2. A computer program in the sense of a computer program product is stored in memories M0, M1, and M2. The computer program is designed to perform the method steps set forth in this specification, particularly by means of at least one processor P0, P1, P2, at least one memory M0, M1, M2, and at least one radio module C0, C1, C2, and to communicate with another terminal via at least one antenna A0, A1, A2. Alternatively or additionally, the processors P0, P1, P2 are implemented as ASICs to perform the described method steps.

Claims

1. An apparatus for communication, comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, and at least one communication module, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured together with the at least one processor and the at least one communication module such that the apparatus at least: Receive (102) multiple radio signals (s0, s2); Determine (110) at least one communication parameter (cp) based on at least one of the monitored radio signals (s0, s1). Map (114) the determined at least one communication parameter (cp) to at least one transmission parameter (tp) of the resource conflict indicator (RCI). Based on the received radio signals (s0, s2) and the transmission parameters (tp), at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) is determined (104), wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) indicates at least one radio resource (rr1) with a potential risk of resource conflict; and Transmit (106) Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The device is further configured to: At time point (t1), determine at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) as described in (104); and If the validity period (p1) is running from the determined time point (t1), then transmit (106) and / or retransmit (106) the resource conflict indicator (RCI). and / or The transmission (106) is associated with a validity indicator of at least one determined resource conflict indicator (RCI).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The device is further configured to: At least one validity period (p1) is determined based on at least one communication parameter (cp) determined (112).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission parameter (tp) is a priority, and the device is further configured to: Determine (104) multiple Resource Conflict Indicators (RCIs) associated with corresponding priorities as at least one transmission parameter (tp); and Based on the associated priority, select one of the plurality of Resource Conflict Indicators (RCIs) as described in (116); and The resource conflict indicator (RCI) selected by the transmission (106).

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The device is further configured to: Receive (118) at least a portion of the mapping (mp1) between the at least one communication parameter (cp) and the at least one transmission parameter (tp).

6. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The device is configured to: Plot (120) randomized values ​​(rv); and When the determined randomization value (rv) exceeds the probability threshold (th), determine (104) and / or transmit (106) the resource conflict indicator (RCI).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, The device is configured to: The probability threshold (th) is determined based on at least one communication parameter (cp) that has been determined.

8. A method of operating a device, the method comprising: Receive (102) multiple radio signals (s0, s2); At least one communication parameter (cp) is determined (110) based on at least one of the monitored radio signals (s0, s1). Map (114) the determined at least one communication parameter (cp) to at least one transmission parameter (tp) of the resource conflict indicator (RCI). Based on the received radio signals (s0, s2) and the transmission parameters (tp), at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) is determined (104), wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) indicates at least one radio resource (rr1) with a potential risk of resource conflict; and Transmit (106) Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI).

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: At time point (t1), at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) is determined (104); and If the validity period (p1) is running from the determined time point (t1), then transmit (106) and / or retransmit (106) the resource conflict indicator (RCI). and / or The transmission (106) is associated with a validity indicator of at least one determined resource conflict indicator (RCI).

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The method further includes: determining (112) at least one validity period (p1) based on at least one determined communication parameter (cp).

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The transmission parameter (tp) is a priority, and the method further includes: Determine (104) multiple Resource Conflict Indicators (RCIs) associated with corresponding priorities as at least one transmission parameter (tp); and Based on the associated priority, select one of the plurality of Resource Conflict Indicators (RCIs) as described in (116); and The resource conflict indicator (RCI) selected by the transmission (106).

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein, The method further includes: Receive (118) at least a portion of the mapping (mp1) between the at least one communication parameter (cp) and the at least one transmission parameter (tp).

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein, The method further includes: Plot (120) randomized values ​​(rv); and When the determined randomization value (rv) exceeds the probability threshold (th), determine (104) and / or transmit (106) the resource conflict indicator (RCI).

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The method further includes: The probability threshold (th) is determined based on at least one communication parameter (cp) that has been determined.

15. An apparatus for communication, comprising at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, and at least one communication module, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured together with the at least one processor and the at least one communication module such that the apparatus at least: Receive (206) at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) and a validity indicator associated with the at least one resource conflict indicator, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) indicates at least one radio resource (rr1) with a potential risk of resource conflict. Determine (208) the data (d) used for transmission; It is determined (240) that at least one overlap (o) has occurred between at least one radio resource indicated by a resource conflict indicator (RCI) and at least one radio resource that the device has previously used for transmission; In response to determining the overlap (o), at least one communication parameter (cp2) is determined (242) based on the at least one radio resource that the device has previously used for transmission. Based on at least one determined communication parameter (cp2), determine the (244) probability threshold (th2); By means of the following steps, based on at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI), a radio resource (rr2) for data (d) transmission is determined (210): the use of at least one radio resource (rr1#2) indicated by the at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is avoided, provided that a received validity indicator indicates that the at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is valid; and The data (d) determined by the determined radio resources (rr2) is transmitted (212).

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is configured to: Based on at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI), determine (230) a set of candidate radio resources (crr); and (210) Radio resources (rr2) for data (d) transmission are determined from the set of candidate radio resources (crr).

17. The apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 16, wherein, The device is configured to: Plot (232) randomized values ​​(rv2); When the randomization value (rv2) exceeds the probability threshold (th2), a set of candidate radio resources (crr) is determined based on the received resource conflict indicator (RCI) (230).

18. A method of operating a device, the method comprising: Receive (206) at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) and a validity indicator associated with the at least one resource conflict indicator, wherein the at least one resource conflict indicator (RCI) indicates at least one radio resource (rr1) with a potential risk of resource conflict. Determine (208) the data (d) used for transmission; It is determined (240) that at least one overlap (o) has occurred between at least one radio resource indicated by a resource conflict indicator (RCI) and at least one radio resource that the device has previously used for transmission; In response to determining the overlap (o), at least one communication parameter (cp2) is determined (242) based on the at least one radio resource that the device has previously used for transmission. Based on at least one determined communication parameter (cp2), determine the (244) probability threshold (th2); By means of the following steps, based on at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI), a radio resource (rr2) for data (d) transmission is determined (210): the use of at least one radio resource (rr1#2) indicated by the at least one Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is avoided, provided that a received validity indicator indicates that the at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI) is valid; and The data (d) determined by the determined radio resources (rr2) is transmitted (212).

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, The method further includes: Based on at least one received Resource Conflict Indicator (RCI), determine (230) a set of candidate radio resources (crr); and (210) Radio resources (rr2) for data (d) transmission are determined from the set of candidate radio resources (crr).

20. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 19, wherein, The method further includes: Plot (232) randomized values ​​(rv2); When the randomization value (rv2) exceeds the probability threshold (th2), a set of candidate radio resources (crr) is determined based on the received resource conflict indicator (RCI) (230).

21. A radio terminal comprising an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 15 to 17.

22. A road vehicle (V1; V2) comprising a device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 15 to 17 and / or a radio terminal according to claim 21.

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