Single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device and method, wherein the device comprises a fixing device, a connecting part and a device body which are rotatably connected to each other in sequence, a direction adjustment mechanism for realizing the device body rotating up, down, left and right relative to the fixing device is arranged in the connecting part, a central processing unit, a battery pack, a driver connected to the central processing unit and the battery pack respectively, a memory, a gyroscope and a laser rangefinder for measuring the angle between the device body and the horizontal plane are arranged in the device body, the driver is connected to the direction adjustment mechanism, a display device is externally connected to the central processing unit, the laser rangefinder is arranged at one end of the device body away from the connecting part, and the laser axis emitted by the laser rangefinder coincides with the axis of the device body. The device only needs to be temporarily fixed on an anchor head of the gang part or manually fixed on the gang part, and does not require multiple people to operate, and one person can obtain the observation data of the cross-point measurement method, eliminating the danger of high-altitude operation and reducing the labor intensity of workers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and in particular relates to a single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the implementation of the national policy of limiting the number of personnel in mines, the fewer underground workers are needed to meet normal work requirements, the better. However, there are a large number of operations that are difficult for one person to complete. In addition, compared with old tunnels, the current tunnels have larger cross-sections, with a tunnel height of more than 3 meters and a width of more than 5 meters. Even if two or three people cooperate with each other, it still takes a lot of time. For example, the "cross point method" for surrounding rock observation. The traditional observation method is to pre-arrange points in the tunnel, select anchor bolts on both sides of the roof and the side, and use the plumb line and the intersection of the two side wires to form five points ABCDF. Use a steel tape measure to measure the lengths of BD, BC, AD, and AF respectively, and then calculate the size of the bulging of the left and right sides of the tunnel, the sinking of the roof, and the bulging of the bottom plate. Specifically, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the traditional cross point method is to arrange points at A0, B0, and C0 respectively, fix a rigid hook on the anchor rod at point A0, and hang a plumb line at point A0, fix a rigid hook on the anchor rod at point B0, fix the line at point C0, and temporarily fix the other end of the line on the hook at point B0. At this time, the intersection of the two lines is point D0, and the plumb line hangs down to the bottom plate as point F0. Since rigid hooks have been fixed at points A0 and B0, one end of the steel tape measure can be fixed on the rigid hook, and the other end can be read at other points. When the tunnel is deformed, since points A and F mainly move up and down, and points B and C mainly move left and right, the position of point D remains almost unchanged. In this way, the roof sinking amount is A0D0-A1D1, the bottom bulging amount is D0F0-D1F1, the left side moving closer amount is B0D0-B1D1, and the right side moving closer amount is D0C0-D1C1. However, when working in tunnels with a height of more than 3 meters, this method is more troublesome because it involves climbing. It is dangerous and time-consuming during operation. In addition, the deformation of the surrounding rock is large in the early stage of tunnel excavation, and daily observation is often required. After the surrounding rock is stable, regular observation is still required. The project volume is large and the manpower consumption is high.

[0003] Therefore, the prior art needs to be further developed and improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the various deficiencies in the prior art and in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device and method are proposed, which is fixed to an anchor head or a side of the tunnel through a fixing device, and the rotation direction of the equipment body is adjusted by setting a direction adjustment mechanism and the rotation angle of the equipment body is measured by a gyroscope. The distance is measured by a laser rangefinder, breaking the traditional wire measurement method. Only one person is needed to measure the deformation of the tunnel, eliminating the danger of high-altitude operations, reducing the labor intensity of workers, and effectively improving work efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device comprises a fixing device, a connecting part and a device body which are rotatably connected to each other in sequence, a direction adjustment mechanism for realizing the device body rotating up, down, left and right relative to the fixing device is arranged in the connecting part, a central processing unit, a battery pack, a driver connected to the central processing unit and the battery pack respectively, a memory, a gyroscope and a laser rangefinder for measuring the angle between the device body and the horizontal plane are arranged in the device body, the driver is connected to the direction adjustment mechanism, a display device is externally connected to the central processing unit, and the laser rangefinder is arranged at one end of the device body away from the connecting part, and the axis of the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder coincides with the axis of the device body.

[0007] Furthermore, the direction adjustment mechanism includes a first gear shaft vertically arranged in the connecting part, a second gear shaft horizontally arranged in the connecting part, a first gear set arranged in the connecting part and meshing with the first gear shaft, a first electric motor arranged in the connecting part and drivingly connected to the first gear set, and a second electric motor arranged in the connecting part and drivingly connected to the second gear set. The first electric motor and the second electric motor are respectively connected to the driver, the first gear shaft is fixedly connected to the fixing device by a first fixing member, and the second gear shaft is fixedly connected to the equipment body by a second fixing member.

[0008] Furthermore, the first fixing member is composed of two first connecting rods, one end of the two first connecting rods is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the first gear shaft, and the other end is respectively connected to the fixing device.

[0009] Furthermore, the second fixing member is composed of two second connecting rods, one end of the two second connecting rods is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the second gear shaft, and the other end is respectively connected to the device body.

[0010] Furthermore, the first gear set includes a first driving gear connected to the output shaft of the first electric motor, and a first driven gear respectively meshed with the first driving gear and the first gear shaft; the second gear set includes a second driving gear connected to the output shaft of the second electric motor, and a second driven gear respectively meshed with the second driving gear and the second gear shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, the fixing device is fixed on an anchor head of the side part, and the fixing device includes a fixing sleeve mounted on the anchor head, and a fixing clamp arranged on the fixing sleeve and clamping the fixing sleeve on the anchor head, and at least one fixing clamp is provided.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the fixing sleeve is spherical.

[0013] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver connected to the central processing unit is also provided in the device body, and a wireless remote controller is connected to the corresponding radio frequency transceiver.

[0014] Furthermore, the display device is arranged on the wireless remote controller or the device body.

[0015] A single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Fix the fixing device on the anchor head of the gangway, measure the angle between the equipment body and the horizontal plane by the gyroscope, and adjust the equipment body to the horizontal plane by the steering mechanism, select any point on the tunnel roof as point A, set the end point of the equipment body away from the connection part as point B, and set the point on the gangway gangway facing the equipment body as point C, start the laser rangefinder to measure the horizontal distance BC between the equipment body and the gangway gangway facing the equipment body and record it;

[0017] S2, start the laser rangefinder, adjust the device body through the steering mechanism so that the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder points to point A and measure the distance AB between point A and point B, set the point on the line connecting point A perpendicular to BC as point D, measure the angle α between AB and the horizontal plane through the gyroscope, and the central processing unit calculates the distance AD ​​between point A and point D and the distance BD between point B and point D based on AB and α, where AD = AB*cosα, BD = AB*sinα, CD = BC-BD;

[0018] S3. The device body is continuously adjusted by the direction adjustment mechanism to rotate downward on the plane formed by points A, B, and D. At the same time, during the rotation process, the distance c is measured in real time by the laser rangefinder, and the angle β between the real-time device body and the horizontal plane is measured by the gyroscope. The central processing unit calculates the horizontal distance a and the vertical distance b in real time based on c and β, where a=c*cosβ, b=c*sinβ. When a=BD, the point pointed by the laser rangefinder is recorded as point F. At this time, c is equal to the distance AF between points A and F, and b is the distance DF between points D and F. The values ​​of BC, BD, CD, AD, DF, and AF are stored in the memory and output to the display device.

[0019] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] (1) The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device only needs to be temporarily fixed on an anchor head of the gangway or manually fixed on the gangway. The cross-point method observation data can be easily obtained through the device, and only one person is required to operate it. Breaking the traditional wire measurement method, the equipment is light, easy to carry, and simple to operate. It does not require multiple people to work at the same time, eliminates the danger of high-altitude operations, reduces the labor intensity of workers, and effectively improves work efficiency and safety assurance levels.

[0021] (2) The first electric motor is driven by the driver to rotate, which drives the first driving gear and the first driven gear and the first gear shaft meshing therewith to rotate. Since the first gear shaft rotates in the vertical direction and drives the connecting part and the equipment body connected thereto to rotate left and right, the equipment body can rotate left and right relative to the fixing device. The second electric motor is driven by the driver to rotate, which drives the second driving gear and the second driven gear and the second gear shaft meshing therewith to rotate. Since the second gear shaft rotates in the horizontal direction and drives the connecting part and the equipment body connected thereto to rotate up and down, the equipment body can rotate up and down relative to the fixing device.

[0022] (3) By setting up a wireless remote control and connecting it to the central processing unit through a radio frequency transceiver, the operation of the entire device is more convenient and work efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross point measurement method in the background technology;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device in specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is the measurement process of the single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 4 This is the measurement process of the single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 5 This is the measurement process of the single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement device in the specific embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0028] In the accompanying drawings: 110, fixing sleeve; 120, equipment body; 130, gyroscope; 140, laser rangefinder; 150, connecting part; 160, first connecting rod; 170, second connecting rod; 180, first gear shaft; 190, first electric motor; 210, first driving gear; 220, first driven gear; 230, second gear shaft; 240, second electric motor; 250, second driving gear; 260, second driven gear; 270, fixing clip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in this application, other similar embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should all fall within the scope of protection of this application. In addition, the directional words mentioned in the following embodiments, such as "up", "down", "left", "right", etc., are only reference directions of the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional words used are used to illustrate rather than limit the invention. Specific embodiment 1

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, a single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device comprises a fixing device, a connecting part 150 and a device body 120 which are rotatably connected to each other in sequence. A direction adjustment mechanism for realizing the up-down, left-right and right-rotation of the device body 120 relative to the fixing device is arranged in the connecting part 150. A central processing unit, a battery pack, a driver connected to the central processing unit and the battery pack respectively, a memory, a gyroscope 130 for measuring the angle between the device body 120 and a horizontal plane, and a laser rangefinder 140 are respectively arranged in the device body 120. The driver is drivingly connected to the direction adjustment mechanism. A display screen is connected to the central processing unit. The laser rangefinder 140 is arranged at one end of the device body 120 away from the connecting part 150, and the axis of the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder 140 coincides with the axis of the device body 120. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device is fixed to an anchor head of the side part or temporarily fixed to the side part manually by a fixing device. The device body 120 is rotated up and down and left and right by setting an adjustment mechanism in the connection part 150. The adjustment mechanism is driven by the driver to move. The angle between the device body 120 and the horizontal plane is measured by the gyroscope 130 and the data is transmitted to the central processing unit. The distance is measured by the laser rangefinder 140 and the data is transmitted to the central processing unit. The battery pack supplies power to the driver, memory, gyroscope 130 and laser rangefinder 140. The data processed by the central processing unit is stored in the memory and output through the display screen.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the central processing unit is a central processing chip.

[0033] Further, the direction adjustment mechanism includes a first gear shaft 180 vertically arranged in the connecting portion 150, a second gear shaft 230 horizontally arranged in the connecting portion 150, a first gear set arranged in the connecting portion 150 and meshing with the first gear shaft 180, a first electric motor 190 arranged in the connecting portion 150 and drivingly connected to the first gear set, and a second electric motor 240 arranged in the connecting portion 150 and drivingly connected to the second gear set, the first electric motor 190 and the second electric motor 240 are respectively connected to the driver, the first gear shaft 180 is fixedly connected to the fixing device through a first fixing member, and the second gear shaft 230 is fixedly connected to the equipment body 120 through a second fixing member. Further, the first fixing member is composed of two first connecting rods 160, one end of the two first connecting rods 160 is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the first gear shaft 180, and the other end is respectively connected to the fixing device.

[0034] Furthermore, the second fixing member is composed of two second connecting rods 170 , one end of the two second connecting rods 170 is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the second gear shaft 230 , and the other end is respectively connected to the device body 120 .

[0035] Further, the first gear set includes a first driving gear 210 connected to the output shaft of the first electric motor 190, and a first driven gear 220 respectively meshing with the first driving gear 210 and the first gear shaft 180, and the second gear set includes a second driving gear 250 connected to the output shaft of the second electric motor 240, and a second driven gear 260 respectively meshing with the second driving gear 250 and the second gear shaft 230. The driver drives the first electric motor 190 to rotate and drive the first driving gear 210 to rotate, thereby driving the first driven gear 220 and the first gear shaft 180 meshing therewith in sequence to rotate, so as to realize the left and right rotation of the device body 120 relative to the fixing device. The driver drives the second electric motor 240 to rotate and drive the second driving gear 250 to rotate, thereby driving the second driven gear 260 and the second gear shaft 230 meshing therewith in sequence to rotate, so as to realize the up and down rotation of the device body 120 relative to the fixing device.

[0036] Furthermore, the fixing device is fixed to an anchor head fixed to the side part, and the fixing device includes a fixing sleeve 110 sleeved on the anchor head, and a fixing clamp 270 provided on the fixing sleeve 110 and clamping the fixing sleeve 110 to the anchor head, and at least one fixing clamp 270 is provided. The anchor is clamped by the fixing clamp 270 on the fixing sleeve 110, so that the fixing device and the anchor head are fixedly connected. In this embodiment, two fixing clamps 270 are provided, so as to improve the fixation and stability of the fixing device and the anchor head and improve the measurement accuracy.

[0037] In another preferred embodiment, the fixing device can be manually fixed to the inner side of the tunnel.

[0038] Furthermore, the bottom of the fixing sleeve 110 is spherical, so that the inner bottom of the fixing sleeve 110 can fully contact the end of the anchor head, thereby improving the connection stability between the fixing sleeve 110 and the anchor head, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.

[0039] Furthermore, a radio frequency transceiver connected to the central processing unit is also provided in the device body 120, and a wireless remote controller is connected to the corresponding radio frequency transceiver. In this embodiment, the radio frequency transceiver includes a radio frequency transmitting circuit and a radio frequency receiving circuit. The wireless remote controller is connected to the central processing unit via the radio frequency transceiver. When in use, the remote controller transmits a signal to the radio frequency transceiver and transmits it to the central processing unit via the radio frequency transceiver. The central processing unit receives the signal and issues a control instruction to the driver. The driver drives the corresponding first electric motor 190 or the second electric motor 240 to operate, thereby rotating the device body 120 at a certain angle. The wireless remote controller improves the ease of use of the entire device.

[0040] Further, the display device is arranged on the wireless remote controller or the device body 120. In this embodiment, the display device is a display screen, which is arranged on the wireless remote controller to facilitate observation and recording by personnel.

[0041] In another preferred embodiment, a display operation panel is provided on the device body 120 instead of the display screen, wireless remote control and radio frequency transceiver. The display operation panel is connected to the central processing unit. Personnel can send signals to the central processing unit through the display operation panel. The data processed by the central processing unit, the angle data measured by the gyroscope 130 and the distance data measured by the laser rangefinder 140 can also be displayed through the display operation panel.

[0042] After the measurement is completed, the measured data can be moved to other devices via Bluetooth or data cable for data analysis.

[0043] Specifically, if it is difficult to find the position of the anchor rod in the side part in a large tunnel, the fixing device can be buckled on the side part and the position can be marked. The device can be temporarily fixed with one hand and the device body 120 or the remote control can be adjusted with the other hand to measure.

[0044] like Figure 3-5 As shown, a single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Fix the fixing device on the anchor head of the gangway, measure the angle between the equipment body and the horizontal plane by the gyroscope, and adjust the equipment body to the horizontal plane by the steering mechanism, select any point on the tunnel roof as point A, set the end point of the equipment body away from the connection part as point B, and set the point on the gangway gangway facing the equipment body as point C, start the laser rangefinder to measure the horizontal distance BC between the equipment body and the gangway gangway facing the equipment body and record it;

[0046] S2, start the laser rangefinder, adjust the device body through the steering mechanism so that the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder points to point A and measure the distance AB between point A and point B, set the point on the line connecting point A perpendicular to BC as point D, measure the angle α between AB and the horizontal plane through the gyroscope, and the central processing unit calculates the distance AD ​​between point A and point D and the distance BD between point B and point D based on AB and α, where AD = AB*cosα, BD = AB*sinα, CD = BC-BD;

[0047] S3. The device body is continuously adjusted by the direction adjustment mechanism to rotate downward on the plane formed by points A, B, and D. At the same time, during the rotation process, the distance c is measured in real time by the laser rangefinder, and the angle β between the real-time device body and the horizontal plane is measured by the gyroscope. The central processing unit calculates the horizontal distance a and the vertical distance b in real time based on c and β, where a=c*cosβ, b=c*sinβ. When a=BD, the point pointed by the laser rangefinder is recorded as point F. At this time, c is equal to the distance AF between points A and F, and b is the distance DF between points D and F. The values ​​of BC, BD, CD, AD, DF, and AF are stored in the memory and output to the display device.

[0048] Specifically, when the device body rotates in the opposite direction on the plane formed by points A, B, and D, the distance c is first measured from the horizontal direction minus 1 degree. At this time, β=1°. A=c*cosβ is calculated by the central processing unit, and a is compared with BD. When a is greater than BD, the above steps are repeated to continue to minus 1 degree. When a=BD, the point pointed by the laser rangefinder is recorded as point F. At this time, c is equal to the distance AF between points A and F, and b is the distance DF between points D and F. The values ​​of BC, BD, CD, AD, DF, and AF are stored in the memory and output to the display device.

[0049] When a is less than BD, it means that the rotation angle is too large. At this time, adjust the device body to reduce it by 0.1 degrees in the reverse direction to start measuring. Refer to the above steps to gradually reduce it by 0.1 degrees until a=BD. When a=BD, record the point pointed by the laser rangefinder as point F. At this time, c is equal to the distance AF between point A and point F, and b is the distance DF between point D and point F. The values ​​of BC, BD, CD, AD, DF, and AF are stored in the memory and output to the display device. The rotation angle measurement accuracy of the present invention is 0.1 degrees. If you want to improve the measurement accuracy, you can increase the cycle and reduce it by 0.01 degrees according to the actual situation.

[0050] The present invention has been described in detail above. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of this application should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method, characterized in that: The device comprises a single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device, wherein the single-point surrounding rock deformation measuring device comprises a fixing device, a connecting part and a device body which are rotatably connected to each other in sequence, a direction adjustment mechanism for realizing the device body rotating up, down, left and right relative to the fixing device is arranged in the connecting part, a central processing unit, a battery pack, a driver connected to the central processing unit and the battery pack respectively, a memory, a gyroscope for measuring the angle between the device body and the horizontal plane and a laser rangefinder are arranged in the device body respectively, the driver is drivingly connected to the direction adjustment mechanism, a display device is externally connected to the central processing unit, and the laser rangefinder is arranged at one end of the device body away from the connecting part, and the axis of the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder coincides with the axis of the device body; The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method comprises the following steps: S1. Fix the fixing device on the anchor head of the gangway, measure the angle between the equipment body and the horizontal plane by the gyroscope, and adjust the equipment body to the horizontal plane by the steering mechanism, select any point on the tunnel roof as point A, set the end point of the equipment body away from the connection part as point B, and set the point on the gangway gangway facing the equipment body as point C, start the laser rangefinder to measure the horizontal distance BC between the equipment body and the gangway gangway facing the equipment body and record it; S2. Start the laser rangefinder, adjust the device body through the steering mechanism so that the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder points to point A and measure the distance AB between point A and point B, set the point on the line connecting point A perpendicular to BC as point D, measure the angle α between AB and the horizontal plane through the gyroscope, and the central processor calculates the distance AD ​​between point A and point D and the distance BD between point B and point D based on AB and α, where AD=AB*cosα, BD=AB*sinα, CD=BC-BD; S3. The device body is continuously adjusted by the direction adjustment mechanism to rotate downward on the plane formed by points A, B, and D. At the same time, during the rotation process, the distance c is measured in real time by the laser rangefinder, and the angle β between the real-time device body and the horizontal plane is measured by the gyroscope. The central processing unit calculates the horizontal distance a and the vertical distance b in real time based on c and β, where a=c*cosβ, b=c*sinβ. When a=BD, the point pointed by the laser rangefinder is recorded as point F. At this time, c is equal to the distance AF between points A and F, and b is the distance DF between points D and F. The values ​​of BC, BD, CD, AD, DF, and AF are stored in the memory and output to the display device.

2. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The direction adjustment mechanism includes a first gear shaft vertically arranged in the connecting part, a second gear shaft horizontally arranged in the connecting part, a first gear set arranged in the connecting part and meshing with the first gear shaft, a first electric motor arranged in the connecting part and drivingly connected to the first gear set, and a second electric motor arranged in the connecting part and drivingly connected to the second gear set. The first electric motor and the second electric motor are respectively connected to the driver, the first gear shaft is fixedly connected to the fixing device by a first fixing member, and the second gear shaft is fixedly connected to the equipment body by a second fixing member.

3. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first fixing member is composed of two first connecting rods, one end of the two first connecting rods is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the first gear shaft, and the other end of the two first connecting rods is respectively connected to the fixing device.

4. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The second fixing member is composed of two second connecting rods, one end of the two second connecting rods is respectively vertically connected to the two ends of the second gear shaft, and the other end of the two second connecting rods is respectively connected to the equipment body.

5. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The first gear set includes a first driving gear connected to the output shaft of the first electric motor, and a first driven gear respectively meshed with the first driving gear and the first gear shaft; the second gear set includes a second driving gear connected to the output shaft of the second electric motor, and a second driven gear respectively meshed with the second driving gear and the second gear shaft.

6. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fixing device is fixed on an anchor rod head of the side part, and the fixing device comprises a fixing sleeve sleeved on the anchor rod head, and a fixing clamp arranged on the fixing sleeve and clamping the fixing sleeve on the anchor rod head, and at least one fixing clamp is provided.

7. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The bottom of the fixing sleeve is spherical.

8. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device body is also provided with a radio frequency transceiver connected to the central processing unit, and a wireless remote controller is connected to the corresponding radio frequency transceiver.

9. The single-point surrounding rock deformation measurement method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The display device is arranged on the wireless remote controller or the device body.

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