Medical equipment room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method and system based on BIM model

Abstract

The present invention discloses a construction monitoring, operation and maintenance method for medical equipment rooms based on BIM models, comprising the following steps: S1. Use REVIT software to create a medical equipment room model, a REVIT medical equipment model, a REVIT pipeline routing model and a connector model respectively; S2. Deepen the medical equipment, reserved embedded pipeline routing, connectors and medical equipment rooms in the medical equipment room according to the requirements of the user and the construction site conditions, and review the parameters after deepening; S3. Edit the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connectors, and obtain the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model; S4. Import the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model into the medical equipment room model, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and the pipeline routing to obtain the arranged medical equipment room model; S5. Guide the construction of the medical equipment room according to the arranged medical equipment room model, and conduct real-time review and adjustment during the construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of BIM for building construction, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring and operating a medical machine room based on a BIM model. Background Art

[0002] BIM software is a series of software built for building information modeling, which can help architects design, build and maintain buildings with better quality and higher energy efficiency. With the continuous in-depth application of BIM software in my country's construction industry, the application of REVIT model in its software family has played an important role in the construction and layout of buildings and electromechanical equipment models. In addition, with the development of BIM operation and maintenance technology today, the operation status of the corresponding equipment model family can be directly reflected in the operation and maintenance platform. The construction of medical computer rooms is a wide-ranging, technical, practical and complex project. Only when the various systems in the computer room match each other and work together. The operation and maintenance parameter verification of medical equipment rooms is the focus of construction. The main purpose of construction is to integrate various systems and equipment into a unified management platform, realize the unification of monitoring and control, improve the comprehensive management level of hospitals, and reduce daily operation and maintenance costs, so as to realize the green operation of hospitals.

[0003] Since the construction process of medical computer rooms is demanding, on-site monitoring and operation of the construction is required. The existing BIM-based monitoring of medical computer room equipment construction does not model reserved and pre-buried pipelines and routes, and cannot accurately locate reserved and pre-buried pipelines and routes. After the construction of the medical computer room is completed and put into use, if the user needs to issue a change to increase or reduce equipment, the addition of pipelines often requires the interruption of the original pipelines, which is not convenient for subsequent operation and maintenance monitoring and management.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method based on the BIM model to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method based on a BIM model, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Use REVIT software to create medical room model, REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model respectively;

[0008] S2. The medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routes, connectors and medical room of the medical room shall be deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, and the parameters after deepening shall be reviewed;

[0009] S3. Import the deepened parameters into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family, edit the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connector, and obtain the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model;

[0010] S4. Import the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model into the medical room model, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and pipeline routing to obtain the arranged medical room model;

[0011] S5. Provide construction guidance for the medical computer room based on the arranged medical computer room model, and conduct real-time review and adjustment during construction.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, deepening the medical equipment in the medical machine room includes: reviewing the location of the purification unit of the medical equipment in the medical machine room and the manufacturer and equipment parameters of each medical equipment, and the equipment parameters include air volume, air pressure, purification level, power, cooling capacity, and heat capacity.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the reserved pre-buried pipeline route is deepened according to the user's needs and the construction site conditions, including the following stages:

[0014] Primary structure stage: During the pre-embedded stage, the pre-embedded pipelines and pre-embedded holes of the structural panels in the medical room are monitored and reviewed according to the actual conditions of the construction site;

[0015] Secondary structure stage: Before the secondary wall construction, the size and position of the reserved holes in the secondary walls of the medical machine room are reviewed and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the construction site.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, deepening the medical machine room according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site includes: before deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, completing the signing of contracts for the purification unit, distribution box and various valve components in the medical machine room; when deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, reviewing and determining the external dimensions of the purification unit, distribution box and medical unit, the wiring inlet and outlet methods of the distribution box, the thickness of the air valve, and the external dimension parameters of the muffler.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, deepening the connector according to the user's needs and construction site conditions includes: determining the medical equipment's requirements for the connector's caliber, material, and connection method; adjusting the connector model structure and parameters according to the medical equipment's requirements for the connector's caliber, material, and connection method to keep them consistent with actual conditions.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the refined parameters are respectively imported into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family, and the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connectors are edited to make the pipeline routing, connector and medical equipment models consistent with the actual construction, and the reserved and embedded pipeline routing can be monitored in the REVIT medical room model.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, during the pre-reservation and pre-embedding stage, the pre-embedded pipelines and pre-reserved holes of the structural panels in the medical machine room are monitored and reviewed according to the actual situation of the construction site, including reviewing and adjusting the size and position of the professional plumbing risers and the pre-reserved holes for the floor drains in the medical machine room:

[0020] According to the actual situation of the construction site, the size and location of the professional plumbing riser and the reserved hole for the floor drain in the medical room are determined based on the following six factors: wall thickness, wall surface method, whether the pipes are insulated and the thickness of the insulation, insulation construction space, welding pipe construction space, structure and secondary wall construction error;

[0021] The subcontractor issues the relevant technical instructions after review and adjustment, and uses the reviewed and adjusted data to make corresponding adjustments and records to the REVIT pipeline routing model.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, guiding the construction of the medical machine room according to the arranged medical machine room model and performing real-time review and adjustment during construction include the following steps:

[0023] The arranged medical machine room model is exported and then imported into the layout robot's notebook. The construction workers check the layout points in the notebook and make real-time verification and adjustments to the pipeline routes and the positions of medical equipment according to the actual conditions of the medical machine room.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the following steps are also included:

[0025] Operation and maintenance inspection after construction of the medical computer room: After the mechanical and electrical construction of the air-conditioning room is completed, it is necessary to complete the computer room process handover form with the owner in the form of a process handover form and upload it to the operation and maintenance platform, and archive the pre-buried pipelines and routes during the construction period.

[0026] The present invention also discloses a medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance system based on a BIM model, comprising:

[0027] A data acquisition unit, which is used to obtain parameter data of medical equipment, reserved and pre-buried pipeline routes, and connectors;

[0028] A model family establishment unit, which is used to establish a REVIT medical equipment model family, a REVIT pipeline routing model family and a connector model family according to parameter data of medical equipment, reserved and pre-buried pipeline routing and connectors;

[0029] A model building unit, which is used to build a REVIT medical equipment model, a REVIT pipeline routing model, a connector model and a medical computer room model according to a CAD drawing and a REVIT medical equipment model family, a REVIT pipeline routing model family and a connector model family;

[0030] A model deepening unit is used to deepen the corresponding REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model, and connector model according to the parameter data after deepening the construction site conditions of the medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routing, and connectors, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and the pipeline routing to obtain the arranged medical room model;

[0031] A model exporting unit, which is used to export the arranged medical room model;

[0032] The information storage unit is used to store data information on the routes of reserved and pre-buried pipelines in the primary structure stage and the secondary structure stage, to store process handover sheets, and to store handover image data during the handover process of paper documents.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of the medical machine room of the BIM model of the present invention establishes REVIT models for medical equipment, pipeline routing, connectors and medical machine rooms respectively, and deepens the medical equipment, reserved and embedded pipeline routing and connectors according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site. The method of the present invention can accurately locate the reserved and embedded pipelines, guide the construction according to the medical machine room model after the deepening and arrangement, and can review and adjust in real time to ensure that the model is consistent with the actual situation, thereby significantly improving the construction efficiency. Since the reserved and embedded pipelines can be accurately located and can be archived in the platform, after the construction is completed and put into use, if the user needs to issue a change to increase or reduce equipment, the required added pipelines can avoid the known original pipeline positions, thereby avoiding the interruption of the original pipelines, which is convenient for future operation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the medical machine room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of deepening the route of the reserved pre-buried pipeline of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. The embodiments of the present invention and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of a medical computer room based on a BIM model according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step S1. Use REVIT software to create a medical room model, a REVIT medical equipment model, a REVIT pipeline routing model and a connector model.

[0041] Step S2: The medical equipment, reserved and pre-buried pipeline routes, connectors and medical machine rooms of the medical machine room are further designed according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, and the parameters after the further design are reviewed.

[0042] Specifically, in step S2, the in-depth investigation of the medical equipment in the medical machine room includes: reviewing the location of the purification unit of the medical equipment in the medical machine room and the manufacturer and equipment parameters of each medical equipment, and the equipment parameters include air volume, air pressure, purification level, power, cooling capacity, and heat capacity.

[0043] Further, in step S2, if Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the route of reserved and buried pipelines is deepened according to the needs of users and construction site conditions, including the following stages:

[0044] Primary structure stage: During the reserved and embedded stage, the pre-buried pipelines and reserved holes of the structural panels in the medical machine room are monitored and reviewed according to the actual situation of the construction site, including: reviewing and adjusting the routes of the reserved and embedded pipelines for various electrical professions in the medical machine room, reviewing and adjusting the size and position of the reserved holes for professional water and heating risers and machine room floor drains, as well as reviewing and adjusting the strong and weak electricity, fire protection electricity, and medical gas pipelines.

[0045] Furthermore, the size and location of the reserved holes for professional plumbing risers and floor drains in the machine room are reviewed and adjusted, including: according to the actual situation of the construction site, the size and location of the reserved holes for professional plumbing risers and floor drains in the medical machine room are determined based on the following 6 factors: wall thickness, wall surface method, whether the pipes are insulated and the thickness of the insulation, insulation construction space, welding pipe construction space, structure and secondary wall construction errors. The subcontractor issues the relevant technical instructions after the review and adjustment, and uses the reviewed and adjusted data to make corresponding adjustments and records to the REVIT pipeline routing model.

[0046] Secondary structure stage: Before the secondary wall construction, professionals need to complete the detailed drawings of the medical room to ensure that the size and positioning of the secondary wall reserved holes are accurate during the secondary wall construction. At the same time, during the secondary wall construction, the size and position of the secondary wall reserved holes in the medical room are reviewed and adjusted to check for omissions and fill in gaps in a timely manner.

[0047] In step S2, the medical machine room is deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, including: before deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, completing the signing of contracts for the purification unit, distribution box and various valve components in the medical machine room; when deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, reviewing and determining the external dimensions of the purification unit, distribution box and medical unit, the wiring inlet and outlet methods of the distribution box, the thickness of the air valve, and the external dimension parameters of the muffler.

[0048] In step S2, the connector is deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, including: determining the requirements of the medical equipment for the connector caliber, material, and connection method; adjusting the connector model structure and parameters according to the requirements of the medical equipment for the connector caliber, material, and connection method to keep them consistent with the actual situation.

[0049] Step S3. Import the refined parameters into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family respectively, edit the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connectors, and obtain the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model.

[0050] Furthermore, the refined parameters are respectively imported into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family, and the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connectors are edited to make the pipeline routing, connector and medical equipment models consistent with the actual construction, and the reserved and embedded pipeline routing can be monitored in the REVIT medical machine room model.

[0051] Step S4. Import the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model into the medical room model, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and pipeline routing to obtain the arranged medical room model.

[0052] Step S5. Provide construction guidance for the medical machine room according to the arranged medical machine room model, and conduct real-time review and adjustment during construction.

[0053] Specifically, in step S5, providing construction guidance for the medical machine room according to the arranged medical machine room model and performing real-time review and adjustment during construction includes the following steps:

[0054] The arranged medical machine room model is exported and then imported into the layout robot's notebook. The construction workers check the layout points in the notebook and make real-time verification and adjustments to the pipeline routes and the positions of medical equipment according to the actual conditions of the medical machine room.

[0055] During the installation phase of the medical computer room: it is necessary to ensure that the 1-meter line or 50-cm line of the building in the computer room is accurate, and require professionals to hand over the 1-meter line or 50-cm line of the building in paper documents, and both parties sign to confirm (retained on the operation and maintenance platform), and retain the image data of the handover process.

[0056] Operation and maintenance inspection after construction of the medical computer room: After the mechanical and electrical construction of the air-conditioning room is completed, it is necessary to complete the computer room process handover form with the owner in the form of a process handover form and upload it to the operation and maintenance system, and archive the pre-buried pipelines and routes during the construction period.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The present invention also discloses a medical machine room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance system based on the BIM model, comprising: a data acquisition unit, a model family establishment unit, a model establishment unit, a model deepening unit, a model export unit and an information storage unit.

[0059] Specifically, the data acquisition unit is used to obtain parameter data of medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routes, and connectors. The model family establishment unit is used to establish REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family, and connector model family according to the parameter data of medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routes, and connectors. The model establishment unit is used to establish REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model, connector model, and medical computer room model according to CAD drawings and REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family, and connector model family. The model deepening unit is used to deepen the corresponding REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model, and connector model according to the parameter data after deepening of the construction site conditions of medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routes, and connectors, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and pipeline routes to obtain the arranged medical computer room model. The model export unit is used to export the arranged medical room model to the notebook of the layout robot, so that the layout points can be checked in the notebook, and the positions of pipelines and equipment can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the room. The information storage unit is used to store the data information of the reserved and embedded pipeline routes in the primary structure stage and the secondary structure stage, to store the process handover form, and to store the handover image data of the paper version of the document handover process.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, based on this operation and maintenance system, it can also include an operation and maintenance monitoring management unit with functions such as three-dimensional browsing, energy consumption management, space management, equipment management, and intelligent monitoring, which can be used for the subsequent operation and maintenance monitoring and management of the medical machine room after the construction is completed.

[0062] Among them, 3D browsing can be conveniently browsed from multiple angles such as air and ground, and points of interest and inspection routes can be set, and positioning and roaming can be performed according to preset paths. According to project needs, key areas can be made into 360-degree panoramic views, and the real scene of the site can be loaded, and it can also be compared with the model. Users can use the middle mouse button to browse and roam the 3D terrain, 3D models, pipeline routes, and medical facilities and equipment around the project from any angle and height.

[0063] Energy consumption management can monitor the energy consumption of each department, including time-sharing and zoned water heating conditions, electricity consumption, air conditioning, and hot and cold water consumption. If there are no relevant monitoring points and monitoring equipment, it is necessary to design points and install monitoring equipment.

[0064] Space allocation determines the type and area of ​​space based on the function of the medical room, and uses objective space allocation methods such as new equipment.

[0065] Equipment management involves data collection, spatial positioning, information query, statistical analysis, status monitoring, maintenance and intelligent control, etc. All applications need to realize data collection and intelligent control through IoT sensors and mobile Internet terminals. Based on the seamless integration of 3D terrain and 3D buildings, it is very convenient to realize various applications such as wireless sensing and real-time monitoring, and realize dynamic and real-time management of status information.

[0066] The intelligent monitoring function, by connecting to the video monitoring subsystem of a third-party system, will enable users to realize functions such as high-definition intelligent monitoring, camera management according to spatial location, and high-definition video emergency command. At the same time, it changes the previous backward method of searching for video monitoring equipment from a list, and the video monitoring points can be viewed directly in the three-dimensional window.

[0067] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction monitoring and operation method for medical computer rooms based on BIM model. Features: The steps include: S1. Use REVIT software to create medical room model, REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model respectively; S2. The medical equipment, reserved and buried pipeline routes, connectors and medical room of the medical room shall be deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, and the parameters after deepening shall be reviewed; S3. Import the deepened parameters into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family, edit the parameter data of the medical equipment, pipeline routing and connector, and obtain the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model; S4. Import the edited REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipeline routing model and connector model into the medical room model, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and pipeline routing to obtain the arranged medical room model; S5. Provide construction guidance for the medical computer room according to the arranged medical computer room model, and conduct real-time review and adjustment during construction; Among them, in step S2, the reserved and buried pipeline route is deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, including the following stages: Primary structure stage: During the pre-embedded stage, the pre-embedded pipelines and pre-embedded holes of the structural panels in the medical room are monitored and reviewed according to the actual conditions of the construction site; Secondary structure stage: Before the secondary wall construction, the size and position of the reserved holes in the secondary walls of the medical machine room are reviewed and adjusted according to the actual conditions of the construction site.

2. According to the BIM model-based medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of claim 1, Features: In step S2, the in-depth investigation of the medical equipment in the medical room includes: reviewing the location of the purification unit of the medical equipment in the medical room and the manufacturer and equipment parameters of each medical equipment, wherein the equipment parameters include air volume, air pressure, purification level, power, cooling capacity, and heat capacity.

3. According to the BIM model-based medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of claim 1, Features: In step S2, the medical machine room is deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, including: before deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, completing the signing of contracts for the purification unit, distribution box and various valve components in the medical machine room; when deepening the drawings of the medical machine room, reviewing and determining the external dimensions of the purification unit, distribution box and medical unit, the wiring inlet and outlet methods of the distribution box, the thickness of the air valve, and the external dimension parameters of the muffler.

4. According to the BIM model-based medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of claim 3, Features: In step S2, the connector is deepened according to the needs of the user and the conditions of the construction site, including: determining the requirements of the medical equipment for the connector caliber, material, and connection method; adjusting the connector model structure and parameters according to the requirements of the medical equipment for the connector caliber, material, and connection method to keep them consistent with the actual situation.

5. According to the BIM model-based medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of claim 4, Features: The refined parameters are respectively imported into the created REVIT medical equipment model family, REVIT pipeline routing model family and connector model family, and the parameter data of medical equipment, pipeline routing and connectors are edited to make the pipeline routing, connector and medical equipment models consistent with the actual construction, and the reserved and embedded pipeline routing can be monitored in the REVIT medical machine room model.

6. According to claim 1, the construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of a medical computer room based on a BIM model, Features: During the pre-reservation and pre-embedding stage, the pre-embedded pipelines and pre-reserved holes of the structural panels in the medical machine room are monitored and reviewed according to the actual situation of the construction site, including the review and adjustment of the size and position of the professional plumbing risers and the pre-reserved holes for the floor drains in the medical machine room: According to the actual situation of the construction site, the size and location of the professional plumbing riser and the reserved hole for the floor drain in the medical room are determined based on the following six factors: wall thickness, wall surface method, whether the pipes are insulated and the thickness of the insulation, insulation construction space, welding pipe construction space, structure and secondary wall construction error; The subcontractor issues the relevant technical instructions after review and adjustment, and uses the reviewed and adjusted data to make corresponding adjustments and records to the REVIT pipeline routing model.

7. According to claim 1, the construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of a medical computer room based on a BIM model, Features: In step S5, the construction guidance of the medical machine room is carried out according to the arranged medical machine room model, and real-time review and adjustment is carried out during the construction, including the following steps: The arranged medical machine room model is exported and then imported into the layout robot's notebook. The construction workers check the layout points in the notebook and make real-time verification and adjustments to the pipeline routes and the positions of medical equipment according to the actual conditions of the medical machine room.

8. According to the BIM model-based medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method of claim 7, Features: The following steps are also included: Operation and maintenance inspection after construction of the medical computer room: After the mechanical and electrical construction of the air-conditioning room is completed, it is necessary to complete the computer room process handover form with the owner in the form of a process handover form and upload it to the operation and maintenance platform, and archive the pre-buried pipelines and routes during the construction period.

9. A medical computer room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance system based on BIM model. Features: It is used to implement the medical machine room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance method based on the BIM model as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and the medical machine room construction monitoring and operation and maintenance system includes: A data acquisition unit, which is used to obtain parameter data of medical equipment, reserved and pre-buried pipeline routes, and connectors; A model family establishment unit, which is used to establish a REVIT medical equipment model family, a REVIT pipeline routing model family and a connector model family according to the parameter data of the medical equipment, the reserved and buried pipeline routing and the connector; A model establishment unit, which is used to establish a REVIT medical equipment model, a REVIT pipe routing model, a connector model and a medical computer room model according to CAD drawings and REVIT medical equipment model families, REVIT pipe routing model families and connector model families respectively; A model refinement unit, which is used to perform refinement processing on the corresponding REVIT medical equipment model, REVIT pipe routing model, and connector model according to the refined parameter data of the medical equipment, the reserved embedded pipe routing, and the construction site conditions of the connectors, and use the corresponding connectors to connect the medical equipment and the pipe routing to obtain an arranged medical computer room model; A model export unit, which is used to export the arranged medical computer room model; An information storage unit, which is used to store the data information of the reserved embedded pipe routing in the primary structure stage and the secondary structure stage, used to store the process handover list, and used to store the transfer image data of the paper document transfer process.

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