An automated processing device and processing technology for wire and cable production and manufacturing

Abstract

An automatic processing device and processing technology for wire and cable production and manufacturing. The automatic processing device for wire and cable production and manufacturing is composed of a feeding support, a raw material loading tray, a wire diameter changing device, a wire diameter changing device controller, a speed-regulating wire take-up frame, a power device, a passive shock damping device, a main turntable support seat, ball bearings, a main turntable, a rotating platform, a shock-absorbing spring, a slide valve, a buffer liquid, a balance gear, a bracket, an end face bearing, an upper fixing frame, an outgoing wire motor and an outgoing wire threaded shaft. Through the wire diameter changing device and the wire diameter changing device controller, the wire core raw material can output wire cores with different diameters without changing or manually adjusting the wire drawing device, making the production process more flexible and shortening the debugging time. In addition, by using the passive shock damping device and the slide valve between the shock-absorbing spring and the buffer liquid, the axial swing fluctuation and rotational speed fluctuation of the main loading tray during the stranding process can be effectively reduced or eliminated, ensuring the processing quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wire and cable processing, and particularly to an automatic processing equipment and processing technology for the production and manufacture of wires and cables. Background Art

[0002] The interior of wires and cables is usually formed by stranding one or several wires. When the existing cable processing equipment processes wires and cables, it often needs to go through several stages such as diameter-changing stranding, insulation forming, cooling and cleaning, and cutting. Among them, the production process of diameter-changing stranding often determines the quality and efficiency of wires and cables. As a conventional technical means, Patent CN201810010495.4 discloses a wire drawing device including a wire pay-off stand, a wire drawing machine, and a wire take-up stand, as well as a simple stranding machine that realizes a plurality of wire reels fixedly arranged circumferentially along the main shaft. Obviously, the conventional wire drawing device cannot achieve the effect of automatically outputting wire cores with multiple diameters of the same specification of wire core raw materials during continuous production operation, nor can it solve the problem of strand pitch fluctuation caused by the speed fluctuation of the main shaft during the stranding process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the current technical situation where it is impossible to achieve multi-diameter output of wire cores without stopping production and automatic reduction of strand pitch fluctuation, the inventor provides an automatic processing equipment and processing technology for the production and manufacture of wires and cables, which is characterized in that: the automatic processing equipment for the production and manufacture of wires and cables is composed of a feeding support, a raw material loading tray, a diameter-changing device, a diameter-changing device controller, a speed-regulating type wire take-up stand, a power device, a passive shock-absorbing damping device, a main turntable support seat, balls, a main turntable, a rotating platform, a shock-absorbing spring, a slide valve, a buffer liquid, a balance gear, a bracket, a face bearing, an upper fixing frame, a wire outlet motor, and a wire outlet threaded shaft.

[0004] The diameter-changing device receives the wire core raw materials input by the raw material loading tray and can dynamically change the diameter of the output wire core during the production operation; the speed-regulating type wire take-up stand receives the diameter-changed wire cores output by the diameter-changing device and can adjust the take-up speed to match the wire outlet speed of the diameter-changing device.

[0005] The power device includes a main motor, a reducer, and a driving output gear, and is used to drive the main turntable; an external gear ring matching with the driving output gear is machined on the periphery of the main turntable, and multiple groups of raceways are arranged at the lower part; the main turntable is installed on the main turntable support seat through balls. The passive shock-absorbing damping device is arranged below the main turntable and is used to eliminate the relative axial tilting swing during the rotation of the main turntable. The rotating platform is fixedly connected with the main turntable through mechanical components, and the two have the same rotation speed.

[0006] The wire outlet motor is fixed on the upper fixing frame and is used to drive the wire outlet threaded shaft. When the threaded shaft rotates, the stranded cable can be continuously transmitted out.

[0007] Preferably, the diameter-changing device includes at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms, a camera, an upper laser sensor, a lower laser sensor, an auxiliary output mechanism, and a diameter-changing controller.

[0008] The diameter-adjusting mechanism includes at least two or more linkage mechanisms; each group of linkage mechanisms is used to achieve the output of a core diameter; each diameter-adjusting mechanism can enter or exit the work by adjusting multiple groups of linkage mechanisms inside, and change the output of the core diameter without stopping the machine; at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms are arranged in series to perform multi-stage continuous diameter-changing stretching operations on the input core raw material.

[0009] The center of rotation of the camera is arranged perpendicular to the center of rotation of the core, and can real-time monitor the diameter of the core after diameter change, and feed back the diameter value to the diameter-changing controller as the basis for controlling the movement position of the diameter-adjusting mechanism to be in place.

[0010] The auxiliary output mechanism provides the pulling force for the core after diameter change; the upper laser sensor and the lower laser sensor are used to detect whether the pulled core is too fast or too slow, and serve as the basis for the diameter-changing controller to issue control instructions to the speed-regulating take-up frame.

[0011] Preferably, the passive shock-absorbing damping device is composed of damping liquid, a spring seat, a shock-absorbing spring, a damping disc, and a damping liquid box body.

[0012] The damping disc is arranged on the shock-absorbing spring, dividing the damping liquid inside the damping liquid box body into upper and lower parts, and the damping liquid is communicated through multiple damping holes on the damping disc; the damping disc is fixedly connected with the main turntable support seat, and the main turntable support seat supports the rotating disc through several ball bearings. When the main turntable rotates and tilts and swings relative to its axis due to uneven centrifugal force of the components on it or other disturbances, the damping disc will swing under the action of the shock-absorbing spring and the downward swinging force, and the vibration energy will be consumed when the damping liquid passes through the damping disc, and the tilt and swing of the main turntable can be gradually eliminated.

[0013] Preferably, at least two or more slide valves are arranged along the radial direction of the rotating platform, the inner side of each slide valve contacts and seals the buffer liquid, and the outer side contacts the shock-absorbing spring; a through hole is arranged in the middle of the slide valve. When the main turntable has a rotational speed fluctuation, the slide valve will move axially along its axis under the action of its changing centrifugal force, and under the combined action of the shock-absorbing spring and the buffer liquid, the rotational speed fluctuation will be slowed down and gradually eliminated.

[0014] Preferably, at least two wire spools are arranged on the main turntable, and the cores in each wire spool are respectively transmitted to the stranding holes of the upper fixing frame through the through holes of the corresponding slide valves. When the main turntable and the rotating platform rotate, the outgoing wires of multiple wire spools will be stranded into a cable at the stranding holes.

[0015] Preferably, the power device is composed of a main motor, a speed reducer, and a driving output gear, and is used to drive the main turntable to rotate. The main turntable meshed with the driving output gear is provided with a balance gear on the other side. The balance gear is installed on the bracket through an end face bearing and rotates along its rotation center line.

[0016] The production process of an automated processing equipment for manufacturing wire and cable in the present invention includes the following steps:

[0017] S1: The wire blank or wire core raw material in the raw material loading tray passes through the diameter-changing device. Through at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms arranged in series in the diameter-changing device, multi-stage continuous stretching operation can be performed on the input wire core raw material, and the wire core with a set diameter is output under plastic deformation.

[0018] S2: The wire core after diameter change is wound on the speed-regulating take-up frame. Since the output speed of the wire core will be accelerated or decelerated when the diameter-changing device changes the output diameter, the upper laser sensor and the lower laser sensor can detect whether the pulled wire core is too fast or too slow, and serve as the basis for the diameter-changing controller to send control instructions to the speed-regulating take-up frame, so that the speed-regulating take-up frame can wind the diameter-changed wire cores output at different speeds.

[0019] S3: The power device drives the main turntable and the rotating platform, twists at least two or more diameter-changed wire cores into one strand, and outputs after passing through the threaded shaft. During the twisting process, the axial swing fluctuation and rotational speed fluctuation of the main turntable can be effectively reduced or eliminated, ensuring that the twist pitch of the output cable is within a certain error range and guaranteeing the product quality under this process.

[0020] Different from the technical status quo that cannot achieve multi-core diameter change output without stopping production and automatic reduction of the twist pitch fluctuation of the stranded wire, the inventor provides an automated processing equipment and processing technology for manufacturing wire and cable. The equipment is composed of a feeding support, a raw material loading tray, a diameter-changing device, a diameter-changing device controller, a speed-regulating take-up frame, a power device, a passive shock damping device, a main turntable support seat, a ball, a main turntable, a rotating platform, a shock-absorbing spring, a slide valve, a buffer liquid, a balance gear, a bracket, an end face bearing, an upper fixing frame, an outgoing line motor, and an outgoing line threaded shaft. The above technical solution has the following advantages: Through the diameter-changing device and the diameter-changing device controller, the wire core raw material can output wire cores with different diameters without changing or manually adjusting the wire drawing device, making the production process more flexible and shortening the debugging time. In addition, by using the passive shock damping device and the slide valve between the shock-absorbing spring and the buffer liquid, the axial swing fluctuation and rotational speed fluctuation of the main turntable during the twisting process can be effectively reduced or eliminated, ensuring the processing quality. Description of the Drawings

[0021] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the component composition of an automated processing device for the production and manufacturing of wire and cable according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the composition of the diameter-changing device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the main turntable support seat.

[0024] Description of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0025] 1. Loading support; 2. Raw material loading tray; 3. Diameter-changing device; 301. Wire core; 302. Linear bearing; 303. Diameter-changing device box body; 304. First diameter-adjusting mechanism; 304A. First group of linkage mechanisms; 304B. Second group of linkage mechanisms; 305. Diameter-changing controller; 306. Second diameter-adjusting mechanism; 307. Auxiliary output mechanism; 308. Camera; 309. Upper laser sensor; 310. Lower laser sensor; 4. Speed-regulating take-up frame; 4A. First wire spool; 4B. Second wire spool; 5. Power device; 501. Main motor; 502. Reducer; 503. Active output gear; 6. Passive shock-absorbing damping device; 601. Damping liquid; 602. Spring seat; 603. Shock-absorbing spring; 604. Damping disc; 605. Damping liquid box body; 7. Main turntable support seat; 8. Ball; 9. Main turntable; 10. Rotating platform; 11A. First wave-damping spring; 11B. Second wave-damping spring; 12A. First slide valve; 12B. Second slide valve; 13A. First buffer liquid; 13B. Second buffer liquid; 14. Upper fixing frame; 15. Outgoing wire motor; 16. Outgoing wire threaded shaft; 17. Output stranded wire; 18. Balance gear; 19. End face bearing; 20. Bracket. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] To describe in detail the technical content, structural features, achieved objectives and effects of the technical solution, the following is a detailed description in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3, the inventor provides an automatic processing equipment and processing technology for wire and cable production. The automatic processing equipment for wire and cable production is composed of a feeding support 1, a raw material loading tray 2, a diameter-changing device 3, a speed-regulating wire-reeling frame 4, a power device 5, a passive shock-absorbing damping device 6, a main turntable support 7, ball bearings 8, a main turntable 9, a rotating platform 10, a first shock-absorbing spring 11A, a second shock-absorbing spring 11B, a first slide valve 12A, a second slide valve 12B, a first buffer liquid 13A, a second buffer liquid 13B, an upper fixing frame 14, an outgoing wire motor 15, an outgoing wire threaded shaft 16, an output stranded wire 17, a balance gear 18, an end face bearing 19 and a support 20. Among them, the raw material loading tray 2 is installed on the feeding support 1 and conveys the core raw material to the diameter-changing device 3.

[0028] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the diameter-changing device 3 includes at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms (such as Figure 2 the first diameter-adjusting mechanism 304 and the second diameter-adjusting mechanism 306 shown), a camera 308, an upper laser sensor 309, a lower laser sensor 310, an auxiliary output mechanism 307 and a diameter-changing controller 305. Among them, the diameter-adjusting mechanism includes at least two or more linkage mechanisms (such as the first group of linkage mechanisms 304A and the second group of linkage mechanisms 304B), and each group of linkage mechanisms is used to realize the output of a core diameter. In this way, each diameter-adjusting mechanism can enter or exit the work by adjusting the multiple groups of linkage mechanisms inside, and realize the change of the core diameter output without stopping the machine. When at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms in the diameter-changing device 3 are arranged in series, the input core raw material can be subjected to multi-stage continuous diameter-changing stretching operation. The auxiliary output mechanism 307 provides the pulling force for the core after diameter change.

[0029] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the center of rotation of the camera 308 is arranged perpendicular to the center of rotation of the core, and can real-time monitor the diameter of the core after diameter change, and feed back the diameter value to the diameter-changing controller 305 as the basis for controlling the movement position of the diameter-adjusting mechanism to be in place.

[0030] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the speed-regulating wire-reeling frame 4 is a speed-controlled wire-reeling frame. When receiving the diameter-changed core output by the diameter-changing device 3, it can match the wire-reeling speed with the outgoing wire speed of the diameter-changing device 3 by speed regulation. If the outgoing wire speed of the diameter-changing device 3 is too fast, the unreeled core will increase, and the core will trigger the lower laser sensor 310, and the diameter-changing controller 305 will send an acceleration control instruction to the speed-regulating wire-reeling frame 4; if the outgoing wire speed of the diameter-changing device 3 is too slow, the unreeled core will decrease, and the core will be straightened and trigger the upper laser sensor 309, and the diameter-changing controller 305 will send a deceleration control instruction to the speed-regulating wire-reeling frame 4.

[0031] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the power device 5 includes a main motor 501, a speed reducer 502 and a driving output gear 503 for driving the main turntable 9. The periphery of the main turntable 9 is machined with an external gear ring that cooperates with the driving output gear 503, and multiple groups of raceways are provided at the lower part. As Figure 3 shown, the main turntable 9 is mounted on the main turntable support seat 7 through balls 8, and the balls 8 are embedded in the corresponding raceways. On the other side of the main turntable 7 where it meshes with the driving output gear 503, a balance gear 18 is provided. The balance gear 18 is mounted on the bracket 20 through an end face bearing 19 and rotates along its rotation center line. Through the balance gear 18, the acting force of the driving output gear 503 on the main turntable 7 can be offset and balanced.

[0032] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the passive shock damping device 6 is provided below the main turntable 7 for eliminating the tilting swing relative to its axis during the rotation of the main turntable 7. The rotating platform 10 is fixedly connected to the main turntable 7 through a mechanism member, and the two have the same rotational speed.

[0033] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the wire outlet motor 15 is fixed on the upper fixing frame 14 for driving the wire outlet threaded shaft 16. When the threaded shaft 16 rotates, the stranded wire can be continuously transmitted.

[0034] As a preferred structure of the present invention, the passive shock damping device 6 is composed of a damping liquid 601, a spring seat 602, a shock damping spring 603, a damping disc 604 and a damping liquid box body 605. Among them, the damping disc 604 is arranged on the shock damping spring 603, and the shock damping spring 603 is fixed on the spring seat 602. The damping liquid 601 inside the damping liquid box body 605 is divided into upper and lower parts, and the damping liquid 601 is communicated through multiple damping small holes on the damping disc 604; the damping disc 604 is fixedly connected to the main turntable support seat 7, and the main turntable support seat 7 supports the rotating disc 7 through several balls. When the main turntable 7 rotates and tilts and swings relative to its axis due to uneven centrifugal force of the components on it or other disturbances, the damping disc 604 will deflect under the action of the shock damping spring 603 and the lower swing force. The vibration energy will be consumed when the damping liquid 601 passes through the damping disc 604, and the tilting swing of the main turntable 7 can be gradually eliminated.

[0035] As a preferred structure of the present invention, at least two or more slide valves (such as the first slide valve 12A and the second slide valve 12B) are arranged radially along the rotary platform 10. The inner side of the first slide valve 12A contacts the sealed first buffer liquid 13A, and the outer side contacts the first shock-absorbing spring 11A; the inner side of the second slide valve 12B contacts the sealed second buffer liquid 13B, and the outer side contacts the second shock-absorbing spring 11B. A through hole is provided in the middle of each slide valve. When the main turntable 7 has a rotational speed fluctuation, each slide valve will move axially along its axis under the action of the changing centrifugal force, and under the combined action of the shock-absorbing spring and the buffer liquid in contact with it, the rotational speed fluctuation will be slowed down and gradually eliminated.

[0036] As a preferred structure of the present invention, at least two wire spools (such as the first wire spool 4A and the second wire spool 4B) are arranged on the main turntable 7. The wire core in the first wire spool 4A is transmitted through the through hole of the corresponding first slide valve 12A to the stranding hole of the upper fixing frame 14. When the main turntable 7 and the rotary platform 10 rotate, the outgoing wires of several wire spools will be stranded into a cable at the stranding hole.

[0037] Based on the introduction of the above various components and their working principles, the production process of an automatic processing equipment for manufacturing wire and cable in the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0038] S1: The wire blank or wire core raw material in the raw material loading tray 2 passes through the diameter-changing device 3. Through at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms arranged in series in the diameter-changing device 3, multi-stage continuous stretching operation can be performed on the input wire core raw material, and the wire core with a set diameter is output under plastic deformation.

[0039] S2: The wire core after diameter change is wound on the speed-adjustable take-up frame 5. Since the diameter-changing device 3 will speed up or slow down the speed of the output wire core when changing the output diameter, the upper laser sensor 309 and the lower laser sensor 310 can detect whether the pulled wire core is too fast or too slow, and serve as the basis for the diameter-changing controller 305 to send a control instruction to the speed-adjustable take-up frame 4, so that the speed-adjustable take-up frame 4 can wind the wire cores with different output speeds.

[0040] S3: The power device 5 drives the main turntable 7 and the rotary platform 10 to strand at least two or more wire cores with different diameters into one strand, and outputs after passing through the threaded shaft 16. During the stranding process, the axial swing fluctuation and rotational speed fluctuation of the main turntable 7 can be effectively slowed down or eliminated, ensuring that the stranding pitch of the output cable is within a certain error range, and ensuring the product quality under this process.

[0041] It should be noted that although the above embodiments have been described in this text, it does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Therefore, based on the innovative concept of the present invention, any changes and modifications made to the embodiments described in this text, or equivalent structural or equivalent process transformations made using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, and directly or indirectly applying the above technical solutions to other related technical fields are all included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic processing device for wire and cable production and manufacturing, characterized in that: The automatic processing device for wire and cable production and manufacturing is composed of a feeding support, a raw material loading tray, a diameter-changing device, a diameter-changing device controller, a speed-regulating take-up frame, a power device, a passive shock-absorbing damping device, a main turntable support seat, balls, a main turntable, a rotating platform, a shock-absorbing spring, a slide valve, a buffer liquid, a balance gear, a bracket, an end face bearing, an upper fixing frame, an outgoing line motor and an outgoing line threaded shaft; The diameter-changing device receives the core raw material input by the raw material loading tray and can dynamically change the diameter of the output core during the production operation. The speed-regulating take-up frame receives the diameter-changed core output by the diameter-changing device and can match the take-up speed with the outgoing line speed of the diameter-changing device through speed regulation; The power device includes a main motor, a reducer and a driving output gear, and is used to drive the main turntable. The outer gear ring matched with the driving output gear is machined on the periphery of the main turntable, and multiple groups of raceways are arranged at the lower part. The main turntable is installed on the main turntable support seat through balls; The passive shock-absorbing damping device is arranged below the main turntable and is used to eliminate the tilting swing relative to its axis during the rotation of the main turntable; The rotating platform is fixedly connected to the main turntable through a mechanism part, and the two have the same rotation speed; The outgoing line motor is fixed on the upper fixing frame and is used to drive the outgoing line threaded shaft. When the outgoing line threaded shaft rotates, the stranded cable can be continuously transmitted out; The diameter-changing device includes at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms, a camera, an upper laser sensor, a lower laser sensor, an auxiliary output mechanism and a diameter-changing controller; The diameter-adjusting mechanism includes at least two or more linkage mechanisms. Each group of linkage mechanisms is used to realize the output of a core diameter. Each diameter-adjusting mechanism can enter or exit the work by adjusting multiple groups of linkage mechanisms inside, and realize the change of the core diameter output without stopping the machine. The at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms are arranged in series to perform multi-stage continuous diameter-changing stretching operations on the input core raw material; The center of rotation position of the camera is perpendicular to the center of rotation of the core, and can real-time monitor the diameter of the core after diameter change, and feedback the diameter value to the diameter-changing controller as the basis for controlling the movement position of the diameter-adjusting mechanism in place; The auxiliary output mechanism provides the pulling force for the core after diameter change. The upper laser sensor and the lower laser sensor are used to detect whether the pulled core is too fast or too slow, and serve as the basis for the diameter-changing controller to issue control instructions to the speed-regulating take-up frame.

2. The automatic processing device for wire and cable production and manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The passive shock-absorbing damping device is composed of a damping liquid, a spring seat, a shock-absorbing spring, a damping disc and a damping liquid box body; The damping disc is arranged on the shock-absorbing spring, dividing the damping liquid inside the damping liquid box into upper and lower parts, and the damping liquid is communicated through a plurality of damping small holes on the damping disc; the damping disc is fixedly connected with the main turntable support seat, and the main turntable support seat supports the rotating disc through a plurality of ball bearings. When the main turntable tilts and swings relative to its axis during rotation due to uneven centrifugal force of the components on it or other disturbances, the damping disc will deflect under the action of the shock-absorbing spring and the downward swinging force. The vibration energy will be consumed when the damping liquid passes through the damping disc, and the tilt and swing of the main turntable can be gradually eliminated.

3. An automated processing equipment for wire and cable production and manufacturing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: At least two or more slide valves are arranged along the radial direction of the rotating platform. The inner side of each slide valve contacts and seals the buffer liquid, the outer side contacts the shock-absorbing spring, and a through hole is arranged in the middle of the slide valve; When the main turntable has a rotational speed fluctuation, the slide valve will move axially along its axis under the action of the changing centrifugal force, and under the combined action of the shock-absorbing spring and the buffer liquid, the rotational speed fluctuation will be slowed down and gradually eliminated.

4. An automated processing equipment for wire and cable production and manufacturing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: At least two wire loading discs are arranged on the main turntable. The wire cores in each wire loading disc are respectively transmitted through the through holes of the corresponding slide valves to the stranding holes of the upper fixing frame; When the main turntable and the rotating platform rotate, the outgoing wires of multiple wire loading discs will be stranded into cables at the stranding holes.

5. An automated processing equipment for wire and cable production and manufacturing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power device is composed of a main motor, a reducer and a driving output gear, and is used to drive the main turntable to rotate; The main turntable meshed with the driving output gear is provided with a balance gear on the other side. The balance gear is installed on the bracket through an end face bearing and rotates along its rotation center line.

6. A production process of an automated processing equipment for wire and cable production and manufacturing, including the automated processing equipment for wire and cable production and manufacturing as described in any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps: S1: The wire blank or wire core raw material in the raw material loading disc passes through the diameter-changing device, and passes through at least two or more diameter-adjusting mechanisms arranged in series in the diameter-changing device, and can perform multi-stage continuous stretching operations on the input wire core raw material, and outputs a wire core with a set diameter under plastic deformation; S2: The wire core after diameter change is wound on the speed-regulating type take-up frame. Since the output speed of the wire core will increase or decrease when the diameter-changing device changes the output diameter, the upper laser sensor and the lower laser sensor can detect whether the pulled wire core is too fast or too slow, and serve as the basis for the diameter-changing controller to send control instructions to the speed-regulating type take-up frame, so that the speed-regulating type take-up frame can wind the diameter-changed wire cores output at different speeds; S3: The power device drives the main turntable and the rotating platform to strand at least two or more diameter-changed wire cores into one strand, and outputs after passing through the outgoing thread shaft. During the stranding process, the axial swing fluctuation and rotational speed fluctuation of the main turntable can be effectively slowed down or eliminated, ensuring that the stranding pitch of the output cable is within a certain error range, and ensuring the product quality under this process.

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