Fuel cell and fuel cell system for an aircraft
By designing a spiral gas channel and manufacturing the fuel cell region using 3D printing technology, combined with shape-fitting metal interconnects and glass solder seals, the high power density and scalability issues of fuel cell systems in aerospace applications are solved, achieving efficient power acquisition and reliable connection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AIRBUS (SAS)
- Filing Date
- 2021-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing fuel cell systems struggle to achieve high power density, ease of maintenance, and high scalability in aerospace applications, particularly due to significant reliability issues with connections and seals under high-temperature conditions.
The fuel cell region is manufactured using a spiral gas channel design and 3D printing technology. Combined with shape-fitting metal interconnects and glass solder seals, it enables gas supply and power acquisition. The spiral channel design and metal interconnect structure improve the scalability and connection reliability of the fuel cell.
It improves the volumetric power density of fuel cells, simplifies the assembly process, reduces ohmic losses, enhances connection stability and sealing, and is suitable for fuel cell systems under high-temperature conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN114068989B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a fuel cell. It also relates to a fuel cell system for an aircraft and an aircraft. Background Technology
[0002] Alternative drive concepts and energy sources are becoming increasingly important not only in private transportation but also in aviation. One concept is electric drive, or more generally, generating electricity within aircraft. From an aviation perspective, key factors are high power density, ease of maintenance, and high scalability. A candidate for providing the necessary energy is fuel cells, particularly solid oxide fuel cells. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The object of this invention is to improve fuel cells for use in aviation.
[0004] The present invention provides a fuel cell, preferably a solid oxide fuel cell, for a fuel cell system of a preferred aircraft, wherein the fuel cell has a plurality of fuel cell regions arranged along a structural axis, wherein each fuel cell region has a gas channel designed to extend around the structural axis in a circumferential direction.
[0005] Preferably, a first fuel cell region is arranged with a first gas passage for fuel and a second fuel cell region with a second gas passage for oxidant.
[0006] Preferably, these fuel cell regions are integrated into a single, monolithic component.
[0007] Preferably, in a top view, these fuel cell regions have a generally hexagonal shape.
[0008] Preferably, multiple first fuel cell regions and second fuel cell regions are arranged alternately along the structural axis, such that the first gas channel and the second gas channel are fluidly connected.
[0009] Preferably, each gas channel has at least one gas inlet area and at least one gas outlet area, the gas inlet area and the gas outlet area being arranged such that when another fuel cell area offset along the construction axis is arranged / formed, the gas outlet area is aligned with and / or fluidly connected to the gas inlet area of the other fuel cell area.
[0010] Preferably, the gas inlet area and / or gas outlet area are arranged at opposite ends of the gas channel.
[0011] Preferably, an ion-conductive separator is arranged on one of the gas channels or between the gas channels to allow the gas channels to be ion-conductively interconnected.
[0012] Preferably, the fuel cell includes at least one distribution tube designed to supply fuel and / or oxidant to a corresponding gas channel or to discharge reaction products or unconsumed gases from a corresponding gas channel, wherein, viewed along the construction axis, the distribution tube is at least partially surrounded by each gas channel.
[0013] Preferably, the fuel cell includes multiple sub-sections, wherein fuel and oxidant can be supplied to these gas channels in parallel within the respective sub-sections.
[0014] Preferably, these gas channels, when viewed in their extension direction, form an angle with a plane orthogonal to the axis of the structure, preferably between 30° and 60°.
[0015] Preferably, these gas channels are arranged in a double helix shape.
[0016] Preferably, each gas channel has a curved gas channel region and a smooth gas channel region connected thereto.
[0017] Preferably, the curved region of the gas channel is curved at 120° or 180°.
[0018] Preferably, the gas inlet area and / or gas outlet area are arranged on the smooth area of the gas channel, and more preferably in the middle of the smooth area of the gas channel.
[0019] Preferably, each gas channel has a gas supply area connected to a corresponding distribution pipe.
[0020] Preferably, each distribution pipe is arranged in an area enclosed by the curved area and the flat area of the gas passage.
[0021] Preferably, the fuel cell has multiple interconnect plates designed to harvest electrical energy.
[0022] Preferably, each gas channel contains a conductive electrode coating for generating electrical energy.
[0023] Preferably, each interconnect plate has at least one contact spring that extends into a corresponding first gas channel or second gas channel.
[0024] Preferably, the gas passage includes at least one orifice for the contact spring.
[0025] Preferably, the multiple contact springs are arranged in a comb-like manner.
[0026] Preferably, each interconnect board includes only one contact spring.
[0027] Preferably, each interconnect board has an electrical connection area that is connected to a contact spring.
[0028] Preferably, the connection area is designed to face radially outward in the mounted state of the interconnect board, so that the connection area can be joined by conductive elements.
[0029] Preferably, each interconnect plate has a clamping area that extends generally parallel to and at a distance from the contact spring in order to hold the interconnect plate to the fuel cell.
[0030] Preferably, the interconnect plate has an embedded electrode coating.
[0031] Preferably, the interconnect plate has a coefficient of expansion similar to that of the gas channels into which it extends, in order to prevent the interconnect plate from delaminating.
[0032] Preferably, the interconnect board includes a connection area for drawing electrical energy, wherein the connection area is designed such that interconnect boards stacked along the construction direction can be connected by means of a rod, preferably a threaded rod.
[0033] Preferably, the interconnect plate has at least one retaining hole, by means of which the interconnect plate can be form-fitted to the fuel cell, preferably by hanging on a protrusion.
[0034] Preferably, the retaining hole has a circular or D-shaped shape.
[0035] Preferably, each gas channel has a rectangular cross-section.
[0036] Preferably, each fuel cell region has a holding device for holding the interconnect plate.
[0037] Preferably, the retaining device has at least one retaining protrusion for form-fitting fastening of the interconnect plate.
[0038] Preferably, fastening protrusions are arranged on each fuel cell region.
[0039] Preferably, the fastening protrusion is designed to be hemispherical, quarter-spherical, or hook-shaped.
[0040] Preferably, the interconnect plate includes a strip region that is close to the fuel cell region in a fastened state.
[0041] Preferably, the fuel cell has a winding structure on its outer peripheral surface for conductive elements (e.g., wires).
[0042] Preferably, the winding structure is designed in a helical shape. The winding structure preferably includes grooves. The grooves preferably extend such that interconnecting plates of the same polarity can be electrically connected to each other by winding conductive elements around the winding structure.
[0043] The present invention provides a fuel cell system for an aircraft, the fuel cell system comprising a plurality of preferred fuel cells arranged in a plane and / or stacked along its construction axis at a distance from each other.
[0044] Preferably, the fuel cell system includes a fuel tank and / or a heating device, wherein the fuel cell is connected to the fuel tank by fluid conduction and to the heating device by thermal conduction.
[0045] Preferably, the fuel cell system includes an energy storage device designed to temporarily store electrical energy generated by the fuel cell; and / or an oxidant tank connected to the fuel cell via fluid conduction.
[0046] The present invention also provides an aircraft comprising a preferred fuel cell and / or a preferred fuel cell system.
[0047] The present invention provides an interconnect plate for a fuel cell, wherein the interconnect plate has: at least one contact spring that can be introduced into a gas passage; a connection region designed for drawing out electrical energy; and at least one retaining hole by means of which the interconnect plate can be form-fitted to the fuel cell by hanging on a protrusion; and / or at least one clamping region by means of which the interconnect plate can be retained on the orifice of the fuel cell by insertion.
[0048] Preferably, the interconnect board is designed as a plate-bending component.
[0049] Preferably, the multiple contact springs are arranged in a comb-like manner.
[0050] Preferably, the interconnect plate has a coefficient of expansion similar to that of the gas channels into which it can be introduced, in order to prevent the interconnect plate from delaminating.
[0051] Preferably, the connection area is designed such that interconnecting plates arranged along the construction direction can be connected by means of rods, preferably threaded rods.
[0052] Preferably, the retaining hole has a circular or D-shaped shape.
[0053] Preferably, the interconnect plate includes a strip region that is close to the fuel cell region in a fastened state.
[0054] The present invention provides a fuel cell region for constituting a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell region is designed to hold an interconnect plate by means of at least one fastening protrusion, the interconnect plate being form-fitted by the fastening protrusion.
[0055] Preferably, the fastening protrusion is designed to be hemispherical, quarter-spherical, or hook-shaped.
[0056] Preferably, the fuel cell region has a contact surface for the strip region of the interconnect plate, so that the strip region is tightly attached to the fuel cell region when the interconnect plate is fastened.
[0057] The present invention provides a fuel cell, preferably a solid oxide fuel cell, for a fuel cell system of a preferred aircraft, wherein the fuel cell has the aforementioned fuel cell region and the aforementioned interconnect plate, wherein the interconnect plate is secured to a fastening protrusion by means of a retaining hole.
[0058] This invention provides a method for manufacturing an interconnect plate for a fuel cell region, the method comprising the following steps:
[0059] a) Provide a flat metal plate;
[0060] b) Cut out a flat interconnect blank to form at least one contact spring, at least one connection area, and at least one retaining hole; and
[0061] c) The interconnect plate blank is bent into a three-dimensional shape corresponding to the contour of the fuel cell region, so that the interconnect plate is in close contact with the fuel cell region in the installed state.
[0062] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a fuel cell, the method comprising: manufacturing an interconnect plate; incorporating a contact spring of the interconnect plate into a gas channel of the fuel cell; and fastening the contact spring to the wall of the gas channel.
[0063] Preferably, the method includes subsequently coating the gas channel wall with an electrode coating such that the spring is embedded in the electrode coating.
[0064] A helical configuration allows for a larger membrane area, a smaller amount of inactive structure, and more scalable designs.
[0065] The helical structure can have a flat cross-section instead of a circular one without compromising the function of the fuel cell. The channel preferably includes gently sloping, unbent sub-segments on its elongated side. In particular, the channel walls are planar in these areas. This simplifies the integration of the metal interconnects, especially when the contact surfaces are not curved.
[0066] Furthermore, the fuel cell regions can be advantageously combined into larger systems with an elongated basic shape. Here, structural space can be utilized particularly efficiently and almost completely. Therefore, a high volumetric power density (watts per liter) can be achieved overall.
[0067] The surrounding gas channels do not need to be flat. Instead, the channels can be arranged at an angle without affecting their function. Simultaneously, the membrane area can be increased while maintaining the same basic element cross-section. Therefore, the power (watts) of the fuel cell element can be increased.
[0068] Furthermore, the fuel cell area can be fabricated using 3D printing methods on ceramics. However, there are technical limitations regarding the geometry. Without a so-called "supporting structure," it is generally impossible to print a flat plane parallel to the base surface. However, within certain angles, overhangs (staircase principle) can be printed. An inclined arrangement of spiral channels makes this design easier to print.
[0069] Each fuel cell requires a supply of combustion gases and an exhaust of reaction products. In the case of high-temperature fuel cells, air channels can also be used additionally to cool the cell. Therefore, each cell unit can use two supply channels and two exhaust channels. These channels are called manifolds or distribution pipes and serve as gas interfaces for the components. The distribution pipes can be integrated into the middle of a spiral design. Advantageously, the connectors can therefore also be printed directly during the 3D printing process. No other components are required.
[0070] Furthermore, a compact structure can be achieved by utilizing the internal region of the spiral for gas supply and exhaust. Therefore, power density can be increased (especially compared to structures requiring additional components).
[0071] The central gas supply via a printed "manifold" allows for the supply and exhaust of gas in multiple planes. This design overcomes gas depletion in the channels, which is typically limited by the consumption of fresh gas and the enrichment of reaction products. Effective cell operation becomes difficult beyond a certain channel length, as longer channels fail to significantly promote further gas conversion. This can be avoided by connecting multiple parallel-connected helical elements to the supply and exhaust channels. The length of the helical fuel cell element is thus theoretically unlimited, as each sub-segment can be supplied with fresh gas. Gas exhaust can be achieved in the same manner. This allows for the manufacture of larger individual cells, which is particularly advantageous for high-power systems.
[0072] If the membrane coating is also divided into sub-segments and each sub-segment draws its own power from the helix, then each sub-segment can obtain its own battery voltage potential. This allows for series interconnection as in common stacked structures. Therefore, stacked structures that can be fabricated using 3D printing methods can be created, which can be made single-piece and eliminate the need for additional seals between membrane segments. This reduces the weight of the unit and the proportion of structures that actively contribute to energy conversion.
[0073] In addition, this design facilitates the connection of metal interconnects to obtain electrical energy.
[0074] The electrode coatings that typically form the anode and cathode regions of a fuel cell have limited conductivity in most cases. In particular, cathode materials have very low conductivity compared to metals. Charge carriers that dissociate or recombine on the surface must be transported between the electrodes to close a current loop. The load or energy consumer is integrated into this current loop. Significant ohmic losses can occur because the current occurs within the plane of the thin electrode coating, and the effective conductor cross-section of the electrodes is relatively small due to the layer thickness, which is mostly between 50 µm and 400 µm. To improve the efficiency of fuel cell operation, these losses should be minimized as much as possible. Typically, a metal mesh (e.g., nickel braid) is applied to the electrode coating.
[0075] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with built-in membrane structures fabricated using 3D printing are not easily accessible from the outside. Electrode coatings can only be applied to the internal structure. This can be achieved, for example, through powder coating with small particles. Until now, solid metal structures could not be printed simultaneously. As a solution, a metal interconnect structure is proposed that can be combined with a ceramic substrate for electrode contact.
[0076] High-temperature fuel cells typically operate at temperatures up to 1000°C. This presents a challenge to materials, but also to construction and connection technologies. Seals can be achieved using glass solder. Reliable connections between metal interconnects and filamentary ceramic structures, while possible, are difficult to achieve. Therefore, at these typical temperatures, no conventional adhesives are available, and screws in porous materials can be equally complex, further adding undesirable weight. Force-fit connections utilizing spring forces (e.g., snap-fit or clip-fit connections) are also difficult to achieve because the spring constant may be too low at SOFS operating temperatures.
[0077] Therefore, one idea is to mount the metal bent parts onto the fuel cell using a form-fit connection and seal them with glass solder. Using a metal alloy with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of the ceramic substrate can avoid additional constraint forces. For example, the material Crofer-22-APU could be used, which can be sourced from VDM as sheet metal.
[0078] For form-fitting connections, structures are proposed on the ceramic body to allow metal components to be held. However, current 3D printing methods have limitations in this regard, so shapes must be chosen accordingly. For example, spherical surfaces are feasible in the long run. Therefore, hemispherical "noppens" are preferred, with the metal strips positioned by means of these noppens. This principle can be extended to hook the plates in the pulling direction. For this purpose, the hemispherical structure can be separated again. Chamfering can further increase the holding force. Overall, the plates acting as interconnects can then be self-held, simplifying the assembly of fuel cells.
[0079] The maximum current generated by the battery depends in particular on the film area. Since the conductivity in the electrode layer is limited, the metal contacts are preferably repeated at regular intervals. This can be ensured by a comb-like basic structure, which in principle is unrestricted in its repeating pattern and therefore does not limit the size of the target design.
[0080] Furthermore, a certain degree of compensatory movement can be achieved through the comb-like structure. This helps reduce material stress and prevents delamination between the metal interconnects and the ceramic with electrode coating. It can also compensate for minute differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials.
[0081] The electrical connection between the interconnect metal and the electrode can be established by first assembling the plate and ceramic, and then coating the electrode. Here, the contact spring is directly embedded in the electrode material and thus also connected to the ceramic substrate.
[0082] A large number of interconnects are required and the system should be designed for mass production. The board can be cut from a sheet using various manufacturing processes, such as microfluidic cutting, stamping, or laser cutting. Additional shaping can also be achieved using bending equipment. The number and length of the springs required for functionality are based on specific design considerations and do not conflict with manufacturability. No additional method is needed to assemble multiple components into a single board. The interconnect board can be manufactured as a single piece.
[0083] Plate interconnects are particularly suitable for the high-temperature fuel cells described herein, but can also be applied to other similar architectures.
[0084] A helical pitch in the slab can be considered to create a horizontal interface that can be easily connected to other interfaces. A conductive threaded rod, for example, is conceivable. The slab elements can be mounted one after another on the ceramic body, thereby enabling individual contact for positive and negative potentials. The contact spring preferably extends directly through a notch in the ceramic to the surface of the active film. Electrode material can then be applied.
[0085] The remaining openings can be sealed with glass solder, as is typically done in high-temperature fuel cells. Additionally, a pre-fabricated glass foil with a corresponding hole pattern is applied to the ceramic before mounting the panels. This improves the seal and additionally "bonds" the panels together with the electrolyte. In the final manufacturing step, the glass components can be melted in a furnace to achieve the desired seal between the metal and the ceramic.
[0086] Another example features a basic hexagonal structure. The symmetrical configuration allows for relatively uniform shrinkage during sintering. This makes the fuel cell body less prone to cracking and the manufacturing process more stable overall. These components can also be arranged in a very compact spatial arrangement, further increasing the achievable power density.
[0087] Therefore, the membrane surface also features gently sloping segments that allow for good contact with flat plates. Compared to other embodiments, the proportion of curved surfaces is further reduced. Consequently, the usable membrane surface area can be further increased proportionally.
[0088] Gas supply can be carried out in segmented ducts. This can improve gas guidance in rows of components in a simple way.
[0089] The outer surface of the fuel cell preferably has a surrounding groove into which wires can be inserted. The groove is machined continuously into the outer surface, similar to a thread. Wires for contacting interconnect plates can be wound around the cell along this groove. These wires can secure the plates and / or can serve as electrical conductors.
[0090] Simple bent sheet metal pieces can then be used as interconnects, and these pieces are inserted into the fuel cell structure through openings. In a further step, wires can be installed. The wires can be connected point-by-point to the plates using suitable welding processes (such as WIG or microplasma welding). The remaining openings can be sealed using glass solder.
[0091] This process produces a shape-fitted structure consisting of fuel cells and interconnects. The temperature-stable material fit between the interconnects and wires enables high stability and high efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0092] Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with the aid of illustrative drawings. In the drawings:
[0093] Figure 1 An example of a spiral-shaped fuel cell is shown;
[0094] Figure 2 An example of a flat fuel cell region is shown;
[0095] Figure 3 Multiple fuel cell regions are shown;
[0096] Figure 4 It shows the result of Figure 2 An example of a fuel cell consisting of fuel cell regions;
[0097] Figure 5 It shows crossing Figure 4 The cross-section of the fuel cell;
[0098] Figure 6 Another example of a fuel cell is shown;
[0099] Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 A schematic view of the gas supply for a fuel cell;
[0100] Figures 8 to 12 An embodiment of a fuel cell with interconnecting plates is shown;
[0101] Figure 13 An example of an interconnect board is shown;
[0102] Figure 14 The installation state is shown. Figure 13 interconnect board;
[0103] Figures 15 to 17 An embodiment of securing the interconnect board is shown;
[0104] Figure 18 and Figure 19 It shows the manufacturing process. Figure 13 An example of an interconnect board;
[0105] Figure 20 and Figure 21 Each illustrates an embodiment of a fuel cell system;
[0106] Figure 22 An embodiment of a fuel cell is shown;
[0107] Figure 23 It shows Figure 22 A schematic diagram of gas inflow and outflow in a fuel cell;
[0108] Figure 24 It shows Figure 22 Detailed view of the wiring of the fuel cell;
[0109] Figure 25 An embodiment of the interconnect board is shown; and
[0110] Figure 26 An example of the wiring process for a fuel cell is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0111] First refer to Figure 1 The figure illustrates an example of a fuel cell 10. The fuel cell 10 has a first fuel cell region 12 and a second fuel cell region 14. Each fuel cell region 12, 14 includes a gas passage 16.
[0112] The first fuel cell region 12 includes, for example, a first gas passage 18 for an oxidant, and the second fuel cell region 14 includes, for example, a second gas passage 20 for a fuel.
[0113] The first gas channel 18 and the second gas channel 20 extend spirally around the structural axis 22 in the circumferential direction. The structural axis 22 extends at the center of the spiral.
[0114] The first gas channel 18 and the second gas channel 20 are interconnected along their extension direction by an ion-conductive separator 24. Furthermore, an insulating layer 26 is provided to prevent short circuits in the battery.
[0115] Each gas channel 16 may include an electrode coating 28 to extract the generated electrical energy from the fuel cell 10.
[0116] refer to Figures 2 to 4 These figures illustrate an example of a fuel cell 30. The fuel cell 30 includes multiple fuel cell regions 32. Here, the first fuel cell region 34 and the second fuel cell region 36 can be designed as a single unit.
[0117] Each fuel cell region 32 includes a first gas passage 38 and a second gas passage 40. The fuel cell region 32 is designed such that the gas passages 38 and 40 extend circumferentially around the structural axis 42. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the diagram, axis 42 is perpendicular to the plane of the attached drawing.
[0118] Each of the gas channels 38 and 40 has a gas channel bend region 44 and a gas channel smooth region 46 connected thereto. The gas channel bend region 44 is preferably bend by 180°. The gas channel smooth region 46 is designed to be straight and without curvature, thus achieving the elongated elliptical shape of the fuel cell region 32.
[0119] The first gas channel 38 and the second gas channel 40 each have a gas inlet area 48. The gas inlet area 48 can... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As seen in the top view, while Figure 4 This is not shown in detail. Figure 4 In this configuration, the gas inlet region 48 is oriented upwards. The gas inlet region 48 is, for example, arranged at the center of the gas passage smooth region 46. The gas inlet region 48 is preferably arranged such that, for example, when another fuel cell region 32 is arranged along the structural axis 42, the gas inlet region 48 is fluidly connected to the corresponding gas passages 38, 40 of that other fuel cell region 32.
[0120] The first gas passage 38 and the second gas passage 40 each have a gas discharge area 50. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the top view, the gas discharge area 50 is located below the plane shown and is therefore not visible. Figure 4 In this configuration, the gas discharge region 50 is oriented downwards. The gas discharge region 50 is, for example, arranged at the center of the gas passage smooth region 46. The gas discharge region 50 is preferably arranged such that, for example, when another fuel cell region 32 is arranged along the structural axis 42, the gas inlet region 48 is fluidly connected to the gas discharge region 50 of the corresponding gas passage 38, 40 of that other fuel cell region 32.
[0121] Each gas channel 38, 40 may contain an electrode coating 52 to extract the generated electrical energy from the fuel cell 30.
[0122] Overall, this allows for the formation of a continuous first gas channel 38 and a second gas channel 40. Consequently, the effective area is significantly increased, and the volumetric power density can be improved.
[0123] like Figure 5 As shown, gas channels 38 and 40 can be designed at an angle α relative to the horizontal direction. This configuration simplifies manufacturing using 3D printing because it requires fewer or no support structures.
[0124] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 These figures illustrate examples of fuel cell 54 in different variations. Fuel cell 54 includes multiple fuel cell regions 32, a first distribution pipe 56, and a second distribution pipe 58. The first distribution pipe 56 may be configured for fuel, while the second distribution pipe 58 may be configured for oxidant.
[0125] In the top view, distribution pipes 56 and 58 are observed to be arranged in an area surrounded or enclosed by gas channels 38 and 40. Here, distribution pipes 56 and 58 extend parallel to the structural axis 42.
[0126] Each distribution pipe 56, 58 has a gas supply area 60, which can be designed to connect to a gas container. In the case of an oxidant, the gas supply area 60 can be used to supply air in the absence of a gas container.
[0127] Each distribution tube 56, 58 also has a gas removal zone 62 from which unconsumed residual gas and reaction products can escape.
[0128] exist Figure 6 In the variant shown, the first distribution pipe 56 is used to distribute fuel, and the second distribution pipe 58 is used to distribute oxidant. In this variant, the first distribution pipe 56 and the first gas passage 38, and the second distribution pipe 58 and the second gas passage 40, form a continuous fluid path.
[0129] exist Figure 7 In the variant shown, the fuel cell 54 is, for example, divided into three sub-sections 64. Each sub-section 64 is supplied with fuel and oxidant independently of the other sub-sections 64 via distribution pipes 56, 58.
[0130] refer to Figures 8 to 14 These figures illustrate an example of a fuel cell 66. The fuel cell 66 is designed similarly to the fuel cell 54 and additionally includes multiple interconnecting plates 68. Each interconnecting plate 68 is arranged on the fuel cell region 70 of the fuel cell 64. The generated electrical energy can be harvested using the interconnecting plates 68.
[0131] The interconnect plate 68 includes a plurality of contact springs 71. Each contact spring 71 extends either into a first gas channel 38 or a second gas channel 40. The contact spring 71 is fastened to the wall of the corresponding gas channel 38, 40. The electrode coating 52 is preferably arranged such that the contact spring 71 is embedded in the electrode coating 52.
[0132] Each interconnect board 68 also includes an electrical connection area 72. The connection areas 72 are designed such that they can be electrically connected along the connection axis 74 via a threaded rod. Each connection area 72 may have a connection opening 76 for the threaded rod. In other words, the connection openings 76 of the connection areas 72 are aligned.
[0133] Each interconnect plate 68 has a strip region 78. The strip region 78 is adapted to the contour of the fuel cell region 70 such that the strip region 78 is in close contact with the fuel cell region 32. The strip region 78 is preferably designed in a C-shape. A retaining hole 80 is arranged at each of the opposite ends of the strip region 78.
[0134] The fuel cell region 70 includes a retaining device 81 that mates with a retaining hole 80 to retain the interconnect plate 68. The retaining device 81 has a fastening protrusion 82 to create a connection that mates with the shape of the retaining hole 80.
[0135] Each fastening protrusion 82 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the fuel cell region 70. The fastening protrusion 82 is preferably designed to be generally hemispherical. The interconnect plate 68 can be fastened to the fuel cell region 70 by means of glass solder. Here, the glass solder can seal any remaining openings.
[0136] The fuel cell region 70 also includes orifices 84 for each contact spring 71.
[0137] As in Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the retaining hole 80 and the fastening protrusion 82 can have different shapes. Figure 15 The left side shows a hemispherical fastening protrusion 82, and the circular retaining hole 80 belongs to this fastening protrusion. Figure 15 (In the middle). Figure 15 The right side shows a form-fitting connection that prevents the interconnect plate 68 from slipping off the fuel cell region 70.
[0138] exist Figure 16 The left side shows another variation, illustrating a quarter-sphere-shaped fastening protrusion 82. A D-shaped retaining hole 80 is located within this fastening protrusion. Figure 16 (Middle). Slippage can be better prevented by securing the steep edge of protrusion 82. Figure 16 (Right side). The interconnect plate 68 can also be slightly held under mechanical stress, and thus better fit against the fuel cell region 70 can be achieved.
[0139] Used in Figure 17 The variations shown can further improve the shape fit. Figure 16 Similarly, a D-shaped retaining hole 80 is required. However, the fastening protrusion 82 forms an acute angle with the horizontal plane.
[0140] The following uses Figure 18 and Figure 19 The manufacturing process of interconnect board 68 is described in detail. Interconnect board blank 86 is cut from a flat sheet material initially provided.
[0141] The interconnect blank 86 already has multiple rectangular contact springs 71, a connection area 72, a strip area 78, and retaining holes 80.
[0142] The interconnect blank 86 is bent to form the finished interconnect 68. Here, the strip region 78 is bent so that the interconnect 68 can fit snugly against the fuel cell region 70. The retaining hole 80 is bent to a position corresponding to the fastening protrusion 82. The contact spring 71 is angled α, which corresponds to the inclination of the gas passages 38, 40 relative to the horizontal direction. Finally, the connection region 72 can also be bent to a horizontal position.
[0143] The following is for reference. Figure 20 and Figure 21 These figures each illustrate an example of a fuel cell system 88. The fuel cell system 88 includes multiple fuel cells 90, which will... Figures 22 to 24 Detailed information is provided below.
[0144] In the top view, the fuel cell 90 has a roughly hexagonal shape. For example, in Figure 20 As shown in detail, the fuel cells 90 are arranged in a plane at a certain distance from each other. (For example, in...) Figure 21 As shown in detail, the fuel cells 90 can also be stacked along their structural axis 22. Combinations of these arrangements are also conceivable, in which the fuel cells 90 are stacked on top of each other in multiple planes.
[0145] The following uses Figures 22 to 24 A detailed example of fuel cell 90 is provided.
[0146] The fuel cell 90 has a first fuel cell region 92 and a second fuel cell region 94. Each fuel cell region 92, 94 includes a gas passage. Here, the first fuel cell region 92 and the second fuel cell region 94 are integrally formed as a single, monolithic element.
[0147] The first fuel cell region 92 includes, for example, a first gas passage for an oxidant, and the second fuel cell region 94 includes, for example, a second gas passage for a fuel.
[0148] The first and second gas channels extend circumferentially around the structural axis 22 in a double-helix configuration. The structural axis 22 extends at the center of the fuel cell 90.
[0149] The first gas channel and the second gas channel are preferably interconnected along their extension direction by an ion-conductive separator. Furthermore, an insulating layer may be provided to prevent short circuits in the battery.
[0150] Each gas channel may contain an electrode coating 96 to extract electrical energy generated therein from the fuel cell 90.
[0151] Each of these gas channels has multiple gas channel bends 98 and connected gas channel smooth areas 100. Each gas channel bend 98 is preferably bend 120°. Each gas channel smooth area 100 is designed to be straight and without curvature.
[0152] Overall, the top view yields the approximate hexagonal shape of fuel cell regions 92 and 94.
[0153] The fuel cell 90 includes a first distribution pipe 102 and a second distribution pipe 104. The first distribution pipe 102 can be configured for fuel, while the second distribution pipe 104 can be configured for oxidant.
[0154] In the top view, the distribution pipes 102 and 104 are arranged in an area surrounded or enclosed by gas channels. Preferably, in the top view, the distribution pipes 102 and 104 are positioned at the center of the fuel cell 90. Here, the distribution pipes 102 and 104 extend parallel to the structural axis 22.
[0155] Each distribution pipe 102, 104 has a gas supply area 106, which can be designed to connect to a gas container. In the case of an oxidant, the gas supply area 106 can be used to supply air in the absence of a gas container.
[0156] Each distribution tube 102, 104 also has a gas removal zone 108 from which unconsumed residual gas and reaction products can escape.
[0157] For example, the first distribution pipe 102 can be configured to distribute fuel and form a continuous fluid path with the first gas passage. In other words, the gas supply region 106 of the first distribution pipe 102 is fluidly connected to the gas removal region 108 of the first distribution pipe 102 via the first gas passage.
[0158] The second distribution pipe 104 can be used to distribute oxidant and forms a continuous fluid path with the second gas channel. In other words, the gas supply region 106 of the second distribution pipe 104 is fluidly connected to the gas purging region 108 of the second distribution pipe 104 via the second gas channel.
[0159] The fuel cell 90 can be internally divided into multiple sub-sections, which can be supplied with fuel and oxidant independently of the other sub-sections via distribution pipes 102 and 104.
[0160] The fuel cell 90 additionally includes a plurality of apertures 110 for interconnecting plates. The apertures 110 are preferably arranged on the gas passage smooth region 100. The apertures 110 may be arranged at the respective ends of the gas passage smooth region 100 adjacent to the gas passage bend region 98.
[0161] The fuel cell 90 includes a holding device 112 for the interconnect plate. The holding device 112 is arranged near or therein the orifice 110.
[0162] The fuel cell 90 also includes a winding structure 114 for conductive elements 116 (e.g., wires). The winding structure 114 is located on the outer peripheral surface of the fuel cell 90. The winding structure 114 is designed in a helical shape. The winding structure 114 preferably includes a groove 118 that extends in such a way that interconnecting plates of the same polarity can be electrically connected to each other by winding the conductive elements 116 around the winding structure 114.
[0163] Furthermore, the conductive element 116 may have an insulator to prevent it from short-circuiting. The conductive element 116 may also include multiple wires, each assigned to an interconnect polarity and in contact only with that interconnect polarity.
[0164] The fuel cell 90 also includes multiple interconnecting boards 120.
[0165] Each interconnect plate 120 includes a unique contact spring 122. The contact spring 122 extends into a first gas channel or a second gas channel. Each contact spring 122 is fastened to the wall of the respective gas channel. The electrode coating 96 is preferably arranged such that the contact spring 122 is embedded in the electrode coating 96.
[0166] Each interconnect board 120 also includes an electrical connection area 124 connected to a contact spring 122. The connection area 124 is designed such that it faces radially outward in the mounted state of the interconnect board 120 and can be engaged by a conductive element 116.
[0167] Each interconnect plate 120 has a clamping region 126. The clamping region 126 is generally parallel to and extends at a distance from the contact spring 122. The interconnect plate 120 can thus be inserted into the orifice 110 and held on the fuel cell 90.
[0168] The following is for reference. Figure 26 As shown, the fuel cell 90 can be electrically connected by first inserting the interconnect plate 120 into the orifice 110. Then, the conductive element 116 can be wound around the outer peripheral surface of the fuel cell 90 using the winding structure 114. Here, the conductive element 116 contacts the interconnect plate 120, more precisely, the electrical connection area 124. Any remaining openings can be sealed by means of glass solder 128. The glass solder 128 can also be used to secure the interconnect plate 120.
[0169] To provide higher power density, a fuel cell 66 is proposed. This fuel cell 66 can be fabricated using ceramic 3D printing and exhibits increased power density due to its helical shape. To better capture the energy generated by the fuel cell 66, an interconnect plate 68 is proposed, which can be form-fitted to the fastening protrusions 82 of the fuel cell 66 via retaining holes 80. Furthermore, the interconnect plate 68 can be secured using glass solder.
[0170] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:
[0171] 10 Fuel Cells
[0172] 12 First Fuel Cell Area
[0173] 14 Second Fuel Cell Area
[0174] 16 Gas Channels
[0175] 18 First Gas Passage
[0176] 20 Second Gas Channel
[0177] 22 Construction axis
[0178] 24 Ion-conducting separator
[0179] 26 Insulation layer
[0180] 28 Electrode Coating
[0181] 30 Fuel Cells
[0182] 32 Fuel Cell Area
[0183] 34 First Fuel Cell Area
[0184] 36 Second fuel cell area
[0185] 38 First Gas Passage
[0186] 40 Second Gas Channel
[0187] 42 Construction axis
[0188] 44. Gas channel bends
[0189] 46. Gentle gas passage area
[0190] 48 Gas entry area
[0191] 50 Gas Exhaust Area
[0192] 52 Electrode Coating
[0193] 54 Fuel Cells
[0194] 56 First Distribution Pipe
[0195] 58 Second Distribution Pipe
[0196] 60 Gas Supply Area
[0197] 62 Gas Purification Area
[0198] 64 sub-segments
[0199] 66 Fuel Cells
[0200] 68 interconnect boards
[0201] 70 Fuel Cell Area
[0202] 71. Touch spring
[0203] 72 Connecting Area
[0204] 74 Connecting axis
[0205] 76 Connection opening
[0206] 78. Strip-shaped area
[0207] 80 retaining hole
[0208] 81 Holding device
[0209] 82 Fastening protrusion
[0210] 84 orifices
[0211] 86 Interconnect blank
[0212] 88 Fuel Cell System
[0213] 90 Fuel Cells
[0214] 92 First Fuel Cell Area
[0215] 94 Second Fuel Cell Area
[0216] 96 Electrode Coating
[0217] 98. Gas channel bend area
[0218] 100 Gas channel smooth area
[0219] 102 First Distribution Pipe
[0220] 104 Second Distribution Pipe
[0221] 106 Gas Supply Area
[0222] 108 Gas Purification Area
[0223] 110 orifice
[0224] 112 Holding device
[0225] 114 Winding Structure
[0226] 116 Conductive Components
[0227] 118 Grooves
[0228] 120 interconnect board
[0229] 122 Contact Spring
[0230] 124 Electrical connection area
[0231] 126 Clamping Area
[0232] 128 Glass solder
Claims
1. A fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) for a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) has a first fuel cell region (12, 34) arranged along a structural axis (22, 42) and having a first gas passage (18, 38) for fuel, and a second fuel cell region (14, 36) arranged along the structural axis (22, 42) and having a second gas passage (20, 40) for oxidant, wherein the gas passages (18, 20, 38, 40) are designed to extend circumferentially around the structural axis (22, 42), wherein each gas passage (18, 20, 38, 40) has at least one gas inlet region (48) and at least one gas outlet region (48). 50), the gas inlet region and the gas outlet region are each arranged such that when additional fuel cell regions (12, 14, 34, 36) offset along the structural axis (22, 42) are arranged / formed, the gas outlet region (50) is aligned with and / or fluidly connected to the gas inlet region (48) of the additional fuel cell regions (12, 14, 34, 36), wherein the fuel cells (10, 30, 54, 66) include a plurality of distribution pipes (56, 58) designed to supply fuel or oxidant to the corresponding gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40) or to discharge reaction products or unconsumed gases from the corresponding gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40), characterized in that, Viewed along the structural axis (22, 42), the distribution pipes (56, 58) are at least partially surrounded by each gas channel (18, 20, 38, 40), wherein the fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) comprises multiple sub-sections (64), and fuel or oxidant can be supplied to the gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40) in parallel through the distribution pipes (56, 58) in the respective sub-sections (64).
2. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) is a fuel cell of an aircraft fuel cell system.
3. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) is a solid oxide fuel cell.
4. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of first fuel cell regions and second fuel cell regions (12, 14, 34, 36) are arranged along the construction axis (22, 42) such that first gas passages (18, 38) of the plurality of first fuel cell regions (12, 34) are fluidly connected, and second gas passages (20, 40) of the plurality of second fuel cell regions (14, 36) are fluidly connected.
5. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an ion-conductive separator (24) is arranged on one of the gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40) or between the gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40) to make the gas channels (18, 20, 38, 40) ion-conductively interconnected.
6. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas passages (18, 20, 38, 40) form an angle (α) with a plane orthogonal to the construction axis (22, 42) when viewed in their extension direction.
7. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 6, wherein the angle is an angle between 30° and 60°.
8. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas passages (18, 20, 38, 40) are configured as a double helix.
9. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each gas passage (18, 20, 38, 40) has a gas passage bend region (44) and a gas passage flat region (46) connected thereto, wherein a gas inlet region (48) and / or a gas outlet region (50) are arranged on the gas passage flat region (46).
10. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 9, wherein the gas inlet region (48) and / or the gas outlet region (50) are arranged in the middle of the smooth gas passage region (46).
11. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 9, wherein each distribution tube (56, 58) is arranged in the area enclosed by the gas passage bend region (44) and the gas passage smooth region (46).
12. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each gas channel (18, 20, 38, 40) comprises a conductive electrode coating (28, 52) for generating electrical energy.
13. The fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to claim 12, wherein the fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) has a plurality of interconnect plates (68) designed to acquire the electrical energy, wherein the interconnect plates (68) are embedded in the electrode coating (28, 52).
14. A fuel cell system for an aircraft, the fuel cell system comprising a plurality of fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the fuel cells are arranged in a plane and / or stacked along their construction axis at a distance from each other.
15. An aircraft comprising a fuel cell (10, 30, 54, 66) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and / or a fuel cell system according to claim 14.