Long Tunnel Relay Ventilation System

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and relates to a relay ventilation system for long tunnels, which includes a ventilation pressure regulating device and a gas purification and treatment device; the ventilation pressure regulating device includes a main pressure regulating chamber, in which a pressure regulating mechanism is provided. The two sides of the main pressure regulating chamber are respectively connected to a fresh air inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and the air outlet of the gas purification and treatment device is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber through a pipeline. The present invention treats the polluted air in the tunnel and mixes it with the fresh air outside the tunnel to supply fresh air to the construction site of the heading face, realizing short ventilation for long tunnels, having sufficient ventilation power, effectively reducing energy consumption on the premise of ensuring ventilation quality; at the same time, reducing the discharge amount of polluted air, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a relay ventilation system for long tunnels, belonging to the technical field of tunnel ventilation. Background Art

[0002] When supplying air for the construction of long tunnels, in traditional tunnel ventilation devices, the wind pressure loss of long-distance ventilation is relatively large. High-power fans are required to work to meet the requirements of fresh air flow in the tunnel, but the energy consumption loss is large. Moreover, as the heading face moves forward, the ventilation power is still insufficient, resulting in a poor working environment quality in the tunnel, leading to a series of potential safety hazards and occupational disease hazards, seriously affecting the construction efficiency and the on-site civilized construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a relay ventilation system for long tunnels. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels mixes the polluted air in the tunnel with fresh air after treatment to supply fresh air to the construction site of the heading face, realizing short ventilation for long tunnels, having sufficient ventilation power, and effectively reducing energy consumption on the premise of ensuring ventilation quality.

[0004] The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to the present invention includes a ventilation pressure regulating device and a gas purification and treatment device; the ventilation pressure regulating device includes a main pressure regulating chamber, a pressure regulating mechanism is arranged in the main pressure regulating chamber, the two sides of the main pressure regulating chamber are respectively communicated with a fresh air inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and the air outlet of the gas purification and treatment device is communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber through a pipeline.

[0005] Fresh air outside the tunnel enters the main pressure regulating chamber through the fresh air inlet pipe. At the same time, the purified air in the tunnel obtained after the polluted air in the tunnel is treated by the gas purification and treatment device also enters the main pressure regulating chamber. The fresh air outside the tunnel is mixed with the purified air in the tunnel in the main pressure regulating chamber, and then is discharged to the heading face for tunnel construction through the outlet pipe after passing through the pressure regulating mechanism. Mixing the fresh air outside the tunnel with the purified air in the tunnel, it is no longer necessary to provide a large amount of fresh air to the heading face over a long distance, reducing the energy consumption of the air blower; the polluted air in the tunnel is also treated to reduce environmental pollution.

[0006] Preferably, the gas purification and treatment device includes a dust removal box and a cyclone. The air inlet of the dust removal box is connected to the air collecting mechanism through the main air inlet pipe. The air outlet of the dust removal box is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone. The air outlet of the cyclone is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber through the filtered return air pipe. An activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer is provided on the inner wall of the cyclone. An air inlet valve is provided at the connection between the filtered return air pipe and the main pressure regulating chamber. The polluted air in the tunnel is collected by the air collecting mechanism and sent into the dust removal box through the main air inlet pipe. After the polluted air in the tunnel is dust-removed once by the dust removal box, it enters the cyclone. Through the swirl guiding chamber of the cyclone body, the polluted air makes a swirling motion downward in the directional swirl chamber. The activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer adsorbs toxic and harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfides and fine particles that make centrifugal motion due to the swirling motion. The large particulate matters in the polluted air make centrifugal motion and sink to the bottom outlet of the cyclone. The polluted air after desulfurization and denitrification treatment by the cyclone enters the main pressure regulating chamber through the filtered return air pipe.

[0007] Preferably, the dust removal box includes a dust removal box body and a bag dust removal pipe. An upper bag distribution plate and a lower bag distribution plate are respectively fixed on the upper and lower parts of the dust removal box body. A number of through holes are provided at the corresponding positions of the upper bag distribution plate and the lower bag distribution plate. The bag dust removal pipe is inserted into the through holes of the upper bag distribution plate and the lower bag distribution plate, and the upper and lower parts of the bag dust removal pipe are respectively fixed to the upper bag distribution plate and the lower bag distribution plate. A bag dust removal body is provided inside the bag dust removal pipe. The bag dust removal body includes a support skeleton cylinder, and a dust removal filter bag is attached and fixed on the surface of the support skeleton cylinder. A skeleton fixing ring block is additionally provided on the outer periphery of the top end of the bag dust removal body, and the skeleton fixing ring block is inserted at the top end of the bag dust removal pipe.

[0008] The dust removal box body provides an installation place for the bag dust removal pipe to ensure that the polluted air does not leak out. The polluted air enters the bag dust removal pipe in the dust removal box, and then is filtered by the dust removal filter bag of the bag dust removal body in the bag dust removal pipe. Most of the solid particles carried in the polluted air are intercepted by the dust removal filter bag and retained on its surface. The clean gas then passes through the gaps of the dust removal filter bag and flows upward and is finally discharged from the dust removal box. The skeleton fixing ring block is inserted at the top end of the bag dust removal pipe. The skeleton fixing ring block seals the gap between the bag dust removal body and the bag dust removal pipe to prevent the polluted air from leaking. And the setting of the skeleton fixing ring block makes the disassembly and installation of the bag dust removal body and the bag dust removal pipe relatively convenient, so that it can be replaced in time when the filtering effect of the bag dust removal body is not ideal. The bottom surface of the dust removal box is provided with traveling wheels to facilitate the movement of the position of the dust removal box.

[0009] Preferably, an air outlet distribution pipe is provided above the upper cloth bag distribution plate, and an air inlet distribution pipe is provided below the lower cloth bag distribution plate. The air inlet distribution pipe and the air outlet distribution pipe are respectively communicated with the bottom end and the top end of the cloth bag dust removal pipe; the air inlet of the air inlet distribution pipe is communicated with the outlet of the main air inlet pipe, and the air outlet of the air outlet distribution pipe is communicated with the cyclone air inlet. The setting of the air inlet distribution pipe can shunt the dirty air to be dust-removed, so that the filtering effect of the dirty air to be dust-removed is better; the air outlet distribution pipe then centrally collects and conveys the filtered gas out of the dust removal box.

[0010] Preferably, one end of a secondary dust removal pipe is communicated with the filtering return air pipe, and the other end of the secondary dust removal pipe is communicated with the main air inlet pipe. A three-way valve I is provided at the connection between the filtering return air pipe and the secondary dust removal pipe, and a gas component detector I is provided between the three-way valve I and the air outlet of the cyclone; a one-way valve I is provided at the connection between the secondary dust removal pipe and the main air inlet pipe. The gas component detector I is used to detect whether the gas about to enter the main pressure regulating chamber meets the requirements. If the gas component detector I detects that the gas meets the emission requirements, the three-way valve I is communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber; if the gas component detector I detects that the gas does not meet the emission requirements, the three-way valve I is communicated with the secondary dust removal pipe, and the gas that does not meet the emission requirements enters the dust removal box and the cyclone again through the secondary dust removal pipe and the one-way valve I for secondary dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification until the gas quality meets the emission requirements. The setting of the one-way valve I prevents gas from flowing back; the gas component detector I can be selected from commercially available products. For example, an AVL-4000 type tail gas analyzer can be selected.

[0011] Preferably, a dust removal fan is connected to the air outlet of the cyclone. The dust removal fan is arranged between the cyclone and the gas component detector I; on the one hand, the dust removal fan provides negative pressure power for the gas purification treatment device, so that the dirty air has enough energy to circulate down, and on the other hand, it provides positive pressure power for the dirty air that has completed the purification treatment to smoothly introduce it into the main pressure regulating chamber, where it is mixed with fresh air and recycled.

[0012] Preferably, the main pressure regulating chamber is connected to an oxygen generator through an oxygen supply pipe, and an oxygen supply valve is provided at the connection between the oxygen supply pipe and the main pressure regulating chamber. The oxygen generator is the main device for generating oxygen and provides oxygen to the main pressure regulating chamber, which can effectively cope with the situation of insufficient oxygen in the air current at the heading face.

[0013] Preferably, an air inlet pressure regulating chamber and an air supply pressure regulating chamber are respectively arranged on both sides of the main pressure regulating chamber. A pressure regulating valve I is arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the air inlet pressure regulating chamber, and a pressure regulating valve II is arranged between the main pressure regulating chamber and the air supply pressure regulating chamber. The fresh air inlet pipe is communicated with the air inlet pressure regulating chamber, and the air outlet pipe is communicated with the air supply pressure regulating chamber. A pressure regulating valve III is arranged on the air inlet pressure regulating chamber. The pressure regulating mechanism comprises a piston plate. One side of the piston plate, which is away from the pressure regulating valve I, the pressure regulating valve II and the connection with the air outlet of the gas purification and treatment device, is connected with a piston rod, and the piston rod is controlled to be pulled by a pressure regulating power component. The fresh air inlet pipe is the main air inlet for fresh gas of the whole device. First, the outside fresh air is sent into the air inlet pressure regulating chamber by an external blower outside the tunnel and the fresh air inlet pipe. In the air inlet pressure regulating chamber, if the air pressure is relatively high, the air can be depressurized through the pressure regulating valve III to make the fresh air in the air inlet pressure regulating chamber tend to be stable. Then, when the pressure regulating valve I is opened, the stable fresh air in the air inlet pressure regulating chamber enters the main pressure regulating chamber. After the gas is pressure-regulated in the main pressure regulating chamber, it reaches the air supply pressure regulating chamber through the pressure regulating valve II. However, when the gas is just pressurized in the main pressure regulating chamber, the gas flow is disordered and the internal energy loss is large. The air supply pressure regulating chamber plays a certain buffering role, enabling the gas to change from turbulent flow motion to laminar flow motion, reducing the internal energy loss, and evenly and continuously transporting the gas to the heading face by the air outlet pipe and the external relay blower in the tunnel. The external relay blower in the tunnel is the last power device for the whole system to transport fresh and clean air to the heading face, which can effectively increase the air supply volume at the heading face. The pressure regulating power component can be realized by structures such as an oil cylinder or a cylinder, and the space where the piston rod is located is not in a vacuum state.

[0014] Preferably, the air collecting mechanism includes a major arc cover and a minor arc cover. The major arc cover and the minor arc cover form a flared fairing, and there is an overlapping part between the minor arc cover and the major arc cover. The minor arc cover can rotate along the inner wall of the major arc cover. The tail of the major arc cover is connected to a fixed short pipe I, and the tail of the minor arc cover is connected to a fixed short pipe II. The fixed short pipe II is inserted into the fixed short pipe I, and there is a clearance fit between the fixed short pipe I and the fixed short pipe II. The fixed short pipe I is provided with a circumferential arc long hole, and a transmission tooth is provided on the outer wall of the fixed short pipe II at a position corresponding to the arc long hole. The transmission tooth is in meshing transmission with a gear, and the gear is driven by a driving motor to work; the fixed short pipe I is communicated with the main return air duct, and the main return air duct is communicated with the main air inlet duct at one place. The air collecting mechanism is arranged near the heading face and can effectively collect the polluted air in the tunnel; when collecting the polluted air, the major arc cover and the minor arc cover form a flared fairing, and the polluted air passes through the fairing and then successively passes through the fixed short pipe II and the fixed short pipe I, and then enters the main return air duct, and then the polluted air enters the main air inlet duct from the main return air duct. The other end of the main return air duct is directly communicated with the outside of the tunnel, and a discharge valve is provided at the other end of the main return air duct. When the main air inlet duct does not need to intake air, the polluted air collected by the fairing is discharged outside the tunnel. The minor arc cover is arranged at the lower part of the fairing. When items need to be transported in the tunnel, etc., the driving motor works to drive the gear to rotate, the gear rotates to drive the fixed short pipe II to rotate, and the fixed short pipe II rotates to drive the minor arc cover to rotate along the inner wall of the major arc cover, and a space appears in the original arrangement position of the minor arc cover, which is convenient for item transportation or passage, etc.

[0015] Preferably, the main air inlet duct is communicated with one end of a straight air inlet duct, the other end of the straight air inlet duct is communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber, and a three-way valve II is provided at the connection between the straight air inlet duct and the main air inlet duct. A gas component detector II is provided on the main air inlet duct between the three-way valve II and the air collecting mechanism; a straight air inlet valve is provided on the straight air inlet duct. When the gas component detector II detects that the gas entering the main air inlet duct meets the emission requirements, the three-way valve II is directly communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber, and when the gas component detector II detects that the gas entering the main air inlet duct does not meet the emission requirements, the three-way valve II is communicated with the dust removal box. The gas component detector II can be selected as a commercially available finished product. The AVL-4000 type exhaust gas analyzer, etc. can be selected.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0017] The structure of the present invention is reasonably designed. The polluted air in the tunnel is treated and mixed with the fresh air outside the tunnel to supply fresh air to the construction site of the heading face, realizing short ventilation for long tunnels, with sufficient ventilation power, effectively reducing energy consumption on the premise of ensuring ventilation quality; at the same time, reducing the discharge amount of polluted air is beneficial to environmental protection; the polluted air in the tunnel can be recycled after being treated; the device is small in volume and high in efficiency, can be towed by machinery, realizes mobility and simplicity and high efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a relay ventilation system for a long tunnel;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of a ventilation pressure regulating device;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a cyclone in a dust removal box;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an upper cloth bag distribution plate;

[0023] Figure 6 is a top view of a cloth bag dust removal body;

[0024] Figure 7 is a front view of a cloth bag dust removal body;

[0025] Figure 8 is a right view of an air collecting mechanism;

[0026] Figure 9 is a front view of an air collecting mechanism.

[0027] In the figure: 1. outdoor fan; 2. fresh air inlet pipe; 3. pressure regulating valve III; 4. inlet valve; 5. oxygen supply valve; 6. ventilation pressure regulating device; 7. outlet pipe; 8. relay fan; 9. straight inlet pipe; 10. straight inlet valve; 11. three-way valve II; 12. gas composition detector II; 13. air collecting mechanism; 14. main return air pipe; 15. main inlet air pipe; 16. check valve I; 17. dust removal box; 18. secondary dust removal pipe; 19. cyclone; 20. dust removal fan; 21. gas composition detector I; 22. three-way valve I; 23. oxygen generator; 24. filtered return air pipe; 25. inlet air pressure regulating chamber; 26. piston plate; 27. piston rod; 28. pressure regulating power component; 29. main pressure regulating chamber; 30. air supply pressure regulating chamber; 31. pressure regulating valve II; 32. pressure regulating valve I; 33. activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer; 34. cyclone guiding cavity; 35. debris collection box; 36. outlet air distribution pipe; 37. upper cloth bag distribution plate; 38. cloth bag dust removal pipe; 39. dust removal box body; 40. lower cloth bag distribution plate; 41. inlet air distribution pipe; 42. traveling wheel; 43. through hole; 44. support skeleton cylinder; 45. skeleton fixing ring block; 46. dust removal filter cloth bag; 47. major arc cover; 48. minor arc cover; 49. fairing; 50. driving gear; 51. gear; 52. driving motor; 53. fixed short pipe I; 54. oxygen supply pipe. Specific embodiments

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] As Figures 1-9, the relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to the present invention includes a ventilation pressure regulating device 6 and a gas purification and treatment device; the ventilation pressure regulating device 6 includes a main pressure regulating chamber 29, a pressure regulating mechanism is provided in the main pressure regulating chamber 29, the two sides of the main pressure regulating chamber 29 are respectively connected to a fresh air inlet pipe 2 and an outlet pipe 7, and the air outlet of the gas purification and treatment device is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber 29 through a pipeline.

[0030] In this embodiment:

[0031] The gas purification and treatment device includes a dust removal box 17 and a cyclone 19. The air inlet of the dust removal box 17 is connected to the air collecting mechanism 13 through the main air inlet pipe 15. The air outlet of the dust removal box 17 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone 19. The air outlet of the cyclone 19 is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber 29 through the filtered return air pipe 24; an activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer 33 is provided on the inner wall of the cyclone 19; an air inlet valve 4 is provided at the connection between the filtered return air pipe 24 and the main pressure regulating chamber 29. The polluted air in the tunnel is collected by the air collecting mechanism 13 and sent into the dust removal box 17 through the main air inlet pipe 15. After the polluted air in the tunnel is dust-removed once by the dust removal box 17, it enters the cyclone 19. Through the swirl guiding chamber 34 of the main body of the cyclone 19, the polluted air makes a swirling motion downward in the directional swirling chamber. The activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer 33 adsorbs toxic and harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfides and fine particles that make centrifugal motion due to the swirling motion. The large particulate matter in the polluted air makes centrifugal motion and sinks to the bottom outlet of the cyclone 19. The polluted air after desulfurization and denitrification treatment by the cyclone 19 enters the main pressure regulating chamber 29 through the filtered return air pipe 24. The bottom outlet of the cyclone 19 is connected to a debris collection box 35, which is convenient for collecting the impurities separated from the polluted air by swirling.

[0032] The dust removal box 17 includes a dust removal box body 39 and a bag dust removal pipe 38. An upper bag distribution plate 37 and a lower bag distribution plate 40 are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the dust removal box body 39. A number of through holes 43 are provided at the corresponding positions of the upper bag distribution plate 37 and the lower bag distribution plate 40. The bag dust removal pipe 38 is inserted into the through holes 43 of the upper bag distribution plate 37 and the lower bag distribution plate 40, and the upper and lower parts of the bag dust removal pipe 38 are respectively fixed to the upper bag distribution plate 37 and the lower bag distribution plate 40; a bag dust removal body is arranged inside the bag dust removal pipe 38, and the bag dust removal body includes a support skeleton cylinder 44, and a dust removal filter bag 46 is fixedly attached to the surface of the support skeleton cylinder 44. A skeleton fixing ring block 45 is additionally arranged on the outer periphery of the top end of the bag dust removal body, and the skeleton fixing ring block 45 is inserted into the top end of the bag dust removal pipe 38. The dust removal box body 39 provides an installation place for the bag dust removal pipe 38 to ensure that the dirty air gas does not leak out. The dirty air enters the bag dust removal pipe 38 inside the dust removal box 17, and then passes through the dust removal filter bag 46 of the bag dust removal body inside the bag dust removal pipe 38 for filtration. Most of the solid particles carried in the dirty air are intercepted by the dust removal filter bag 46 and retained on its surface, and the clean gas then passes through the gaps of the dust removal filter bag 46 and flows upward and is finally discharged from the dust removal box 17. The skeleton fixing ring block 45 is inserted into the top end of the bag dust removal pipe 38, and the skeleton fixing ring block 45 seals the gap between the bag dust removal body and the bag dust removal pipe 38 to avoid the leakage of the dirty air gas; and the setting of the skeleton fixing ring block 45 makes the disassembly and installation of the bag dust removal body and the bag dust removal pipe 38 relatively convenient, so that it can be replaced in time when the filtering effect of the bag dust removal body is not ideal; walking wheels 42 are arranged on the bottom surface of the dust removal box 17 to facilitate the position movement of the dust removal box 17.

[0033] An air outlet distribution pipe 36 is arranged above the upper bag distribution plate 37, and an air inlet distribution pipe 41 is arranged below the lower bag distribution plate 40. The air inlet distribution pipe 41 and the air outlet distribution pipe 36 are respectively communicated with the bottom end and the top end of the bag dust removal pipe 38; the air inlet of the air inlet distribution pipe 41 is communicated with the outlet of the main air inlet pipe 15, and the air outlet of the air outlet distribution pipe 36 is communicated with the air inlet of the cyclone 19. The setting of the air inlet distribution pipe 41 can shunt the dirty air gas to be dust-removed, so that the filtering effect of the dirty air gas to be dust-removed is better; the air outlet distribution pipe 36 then centrally collects and conveys the filtered gas out of the dust removal box 17.

[0034] One end of the filtering return air duct 24 communicating with the secondary dust removal duct 18 is connected to the other end of the secondary dust removal duct 18 which is in turn connected to the main air inlet duct 15. A first three-way valve 22 is provided at the connection between the filtering return air duct 24 and the secondary dust removal duct 18, and a first gas component detector 21 is provided between the first three-way valve 22 and the air outlet of the cyclone 19; a one-way valve 16 is provided at the connection between the secondary dust removal duct 18 and the main air inlet duct 15. The first gas component detector 21 is used to detect whether the gas about to enter the main pressure regulating chamber 29 meets the requirements. If the first gas component detector 21 detects that the gas meets the emission requirements, the first three-way valve 22 connects to the main pressure regulating chamber 29; if the first gas component detector 21 detects that the gas does not meet the emission requirements, the first three-way valve 22 connects to the secondary dust removal duct 18, and the gas that does not meet the emission requirements re-enters the dust removal box 17 and the cyclone 19 through the secondary dust removal duct 18 and the one-way valve 16 for secondary dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification until the gas quality meets the emission requirements. The setting of the one-way valve 16 prevents gas from flowing back; the first gas component detector 21 can be a commercially available product. For example, an AVL-4000 type exhaust gas analyzer can be selected.

[0035] The air outlet of the cyclone 19 is connected to a dust removal fan 20. The dust removal fan 20 is arranged between the cyclone 19 and the first gas component detector 21; on the one hand, the dust removal fan 20 provides negative pressure power for the gas purification treatment device, enabling the dirty air to have sufficient energy to circulate down, and on the other hand, it provides positive pressure power for the purified dirty air to smoothly introduce it into the main pressure regulating chamber 29, where it is mixed with fresh air and recycled.

[0036] The main pressure regulating chamber 29 is connected to an oxygen generator 23 through an oxygen supply pipe 54, and an oxygen supply valve 5 is provided at the connection between the oxygen supply pipe 54 and the main pressure regulating chamber 29. The oxygen generator 23 is the main device for oxygen generation, providing oxygen to the main pressure regulating chamber 29, which can effectively cope with the situation of insufficient oxygen in the air current at the tunnel face.

[0037] On both sides of the main pressure regulating chamber 29, there are an air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 and an air supply pressure regulating chamber 30 respectively. There is a first pressure regulating valve 32 between the main pressure regulating chamber 29 and the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25, and a second pressure regulating valve 31 between the main pressure regulating chamber 29 and the air supply pressure regulating chamber 30. The fresh air inlet pipe 2 is connected to the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25, and the outlet pipe 7 is connected to the air supply pressure regulating chamber 30. There is a third pressure regulating valve 3 on the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25. The pressure regulating mechanism includes a piston plate 26. On the side of the piston plate 26 facing away from the first pressure regulating valve 32, the second pressure regulating valve 31 and the connection with the air outlet of the gas purification and treatment device, a piston rod 27 is connected. The piston rod 27 is controlled to be pulled and pushed by a pressure regulating power component 28. The fresh air inlet pipe 2 is the main inlet for fresh gas of the whole device. First, the outside fresh air is sent into the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 by the external fan 1 outside the tunnel and the fresh air inlet pipe 2. In the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25, if the air pressure is relatively high, the air can be depressurized through the third pressure regulating valve 3 to make the fresh air in the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 tend to be stable. Then, when the first pressure regulating valve 32 is opened, the stable fresh air in the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 enters the main pressure regulating chamber 29. After the gas is pressure-regulated in the main pressure regulating chamber 29, it reaches the air supply pressure regulating chamber 30 through the second pressure regulating valve 31. When the gas has just been pressurized in the main pressure regulating chamber 29, the gas flow is disordered and the internal energy loss is large. The air supply pressure regulating chamber 30 plays a certain buffering role, enabling the gas to change from turbulent flow motion to laminar flow motion, reducing the internal energy loss, and continuously and evenly pressurizing and transporting the gas to the heading face by the outlet pipe 7 and the relay fan 8 inside the external tunnel. The relay fan 8 inside the external tunnel is the last power device for the whole system to transport fresh and clean air to the heading face, which can effectively increase the air supply volume at the heading face. The pressure regulating power component 28 can be realized by structures such as an oil cylinder or a cylinder, and the space where the piston rod 27 is located is not in a vacuum state.

[0038] The air collecting mechanism 13 includes a major arc cover 47 and a minor arc cover 48. The major arc cover 47 and the minor arc cover 48 form a flared fairing 49, and there is an overlapping part between the minor arc cover 48 and the major arc cover 47. The minor arc cover 48 can rotate along the inner wall of the major arc cover 47. The tail of the major arc cover 47 is connected to a fixed short pipe one 53, and the tail of the minor arc cover 48 is connected to a fixed short pipe two. The fixed short pipe two is inserted into the fixed short pipe one 53, and there is a clearance fit between the fixed short pipe one 53 and the fixed short pipe two. The fixed short pipe one 53 is provided with a circumferential arc long hole, and a transmission tooth 50 is provided on the outer wall of the fixed short pipe two at a position corresponding to the arc long hole. The transmission tooth 50 is meshed and driven with a gear 51, and the gear 51 is driven to work by a driving motor 52; the fixed short pipe one 53 is communicated with the main return air duct 14, and one place of the main return air duct 14 is communicated with the main air inlet duct 15. The air collecting mechanism 13 is arranged near the heading face and can effectively collect the polluted air in the tunnel; when collecting the polluted air, the major arc cover 47 and the minor arc cover 48 form a flared fairing 49, and the polluted air passes through the fixed short pipe two and the fixed short pipe one 53 in sequence after passing through the fairing 49, and then enters the main return air duct 14, and then the polluted air enters the main air inlet duct 15 from the main return air duct 14. The other end of the main return air duct 14 is directly communicated with the outside of the tunnel, and a discharge valve is provided at the other end of the main return air duct 14. When the main air inlet duct 15 does not need to intake air, the polluted air collected by the fairing 49 is discharged outside the tunnel. The minor arc cover 48 is arranged at the lower part of the fairing 49. When items need to be transported in the tunnel, etc., the driving motor 52 works to drive the gear 51 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 51 drives the fixed short pipe two to rotate. The rotation of the fixed short pipe two drives the minor arc cover 48 to rotate along the inner wall of the major arc cover 47, and a space appears at the original arrangement position of the minor arc cover 48, facilitating the transportation or passage of items, etc.

[0039] The main air inlet duct 15 is communicated with one end of a straight air inlet duct 9, the other end of the straight air inlet duct 9 is communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber 29, and a three-way valve two 11 is provided at the communicating place between the straight air inlet duct 9 and the main air inlet duct 15. A gas composition detector two 12 is provided on the main air inlet duct 15 between the three-way valve two 11 and the air collecting mechanism 13; a straight air inlet valve 10 is provided on the straight air inlet duct 9. When the gas composition detector two 12 detects that the gas entering the main air inlet duct 15 meets the emission requirements, the three-way valve two 11 is directly communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber 29, and when the gas composition detector two 12 detects that the gas entering the main air inlet duct 15 does not meet the emission requirements, the three-way valve two 11 is communicated with the dust removal box 17. The gas composition detector two 12 can be selected as a commercially available finished product. The AVL-4000 type exhaust gas analyzer, etc. can be selected.

[0040] Fresh air outside the tunnel is first sent into the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 by the external air intake fan 1 and the fresh air inlet duct 2. At this time, if the air pressure in the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 is relatively high, the air can be depressurized through the pressure regulating valve three 3 to make the fresh air in the air intake pressure regulating chamber 25 tend to be stable. Then, the pressure regulating power component 28 drives the piston to move, the volume of the main pressure regulating chamber 29 becomes larger, and at this time, the pressure regulating valve two 31 is in a closed state, the pressure regulating valve one 32 and the air intake valve 4 are opened, and both the fresh air outside the tunnel and the purified air inside the tunnel after filtration treatment enter the main pressure regulating chamber 29. The fresh air outside the tunnel and the purified air inside the tunnel are mixed, and the gas is depressurized. Subsequently, the pressure regulating power component 28 drives the piston to move in the reverse direction to compress the gas in the main pressure regulating chamber 29. At this time, the pressure regulating valve one 32 and the air intake valve 4 are closed, and the pressure regulating valve two 31 is opened. The mixed gas in the main pressure regulating chamber 29 enters the air supply pressure regulating chamber 30 through the valve two. After being pressurized, the disordered gas is buffered and adjusted to a certain extent in the air supply pressure regulating chamber 30. The gas changes from turbulent flow motion to laminar flow motion and finally passes through the air outlet duct 7 and the external in-tunnel relay fan 8 at a uniform pressure and speed to convey the gas to the heading face. The external in-tunnel relay fan 8 is the last power device in the whole system to convey fresh and clean air to the heading face, which can effectively enhance the air supply volume at the heading face. The purified air inside the tunnel after filtration treatment is timely supplemented and mixed with the fresh air, which can not only meet the demand for fresh air flow but also reduce the energy consumption of long-distance and large-volume air supply, realizing short ventilation for long tunnels; the polluted air inside the tunnel is treated to reduce environmental pollution.

[0041] The main process of treating the polluted air inside the tunnel is as follows:

[0042] The polluted air is collected by the air collecting mechanism 13 and then conveyed to the main air inlet pipe 15. When the gas composition detector II 12 detects that the gas entering the main air inlet pipe 15 meets the emission requirements, the three-way valve II 11 directly communicates with the main pressure regulating chamber 29. When the gas composition detector II 12 detects that the gas entering the main air inlet pipe 15 does not meet the emission requirements, the three-way valve II 11 communicates with the dust removal box 17. The polluted air enters the dust removal box 17, passes through the bag dust removal pipe 38, and then is filtered by the dust removal filter bag 46 of the bag dust removal body in the bag dust removal pipe 38. Most of the solid particles carried in the polluted air are intercepted by the dust removal filter bag 46 and retained on its surface. The clean gas passes through the gaps of the dust removal filter bag 46 and flows upward, and finally discharges from the dust removal box 17 and enters the cyclone 19. The polluted air enters the cyclone 19 and passes through the swirl guiding chamber 34 of the cyclone 19 body. The polluted air makes a swirling motion downward in the directional swirl chamber. The activated carbon adsorption and filtration layer 33 adsorbs toxic and harmful gases and fine particles such as nitrogen oxides and sulfides that make centrifugal motion due to the swirling motion. The large particles in the polluted air make centrifugal motion and sink to the bottom outlet of the cyclone 19. The polluted air after desulfurization and denitrification treatment by the cyclone 19 is detected by the gas composition detector I 21 after passing through the dust removal fan 20. If the gas composition detector I 21 detects that the gas meets the emission requirements, the three-way valve I 22 communicates with the main pressure regulating chamber 29. If the gas composition detector I 21 detects that the gas does not meet the emission requirements, the three-way valve I 22 communicates with the secondary dust removal pipe 18. The gas that does not meet the emission requirements enters the dust removal box 17 and the cyclone 19 again through the secondary dust removal pipe 18 and the one-way valve I 16 for secondary dust removal and desulfurization and denitrification until the gas quality meets the emission requirements. When necessary, oxygen can be provided to the main pressure regulating chamber 29 through the oxygen generator 23 and the oxygen supply pipe 54 to effectively solve the problem of insufficient oxygen in the face air current.

Claims

1. A relay ventilation system for a long tunnel, characterized in that: The invention comprises a ventilation pressure regulating device (6) and a gas purification treatment device; the ventilation pressure regulating device (6) comprises a main pressure regulating chamber (29), a pressure regulating mechanism is provided in the main pressure regulating chamber (29), two sides of the main pressure regulating chamber (29) are respectively connected to a fresh air inlet pipe (2) and an air outlet pipe (7), and the air outlet of the gas purification treatment device is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber (29) through a pipeline; The gas purification treatment device comprises a dust removal box (17) and a cyclone (19); the air inlet of the dust removal box (17) is connected to the air collecting mechanism (13) through the main air inlet pipe (15); the air outlet of the dust removal box (17) is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone (19); the air outlet of the cyclone (19) is connected to the main pressure regulating chamber (29) through the filter return air pipe (24); an activated carbon adsorption filter layer (33) is provided on the inner wall of the cyclone (19); an air inlet valve (4) is provided at the connection point between the filter return air pipe (24) and the main pressure regulating chamber (29); An air inlet pressure regulating chamber (25) and an air supply pressure regulating chamber (30) are respectively provided on both sides of the main pressure regulating chamber (29); a pressure regulating valve 1 (32) is provided between the main pressure regulating chamber (29) and the air inlet pressure regulating chamber (25); a pressure regulating valve 2 (31) is provided between the main pressure regulating chamber (29) and the air supply pressure regulating chamber (30); the fresh air inlet pipe (2) is connected to the air inlet pressure regulating chamber (25), and the air outlet pipe (7) is connected to the air supply pressure regulating chamber (30); a pressure regulating valve 3 (3) is provided on the air inlet pressure regulating chamber (25); the pressure regulating mechanism includes a piston plate (26); the piston plate (26) is connected to a piston rod (27) on one side of the piston plate (26) away from the pressure regulating valve 1 (32), the pressure regulating valve 2 (31) and the air outlet of the gas purification device; the piston rod (27) is controlled to be pulled and retracted by a pressure regulating power component (28); The wind collecting mechanism (13) includes a superior arc cover (47) and an inferior arc cover (48), the superior arc cover (47) and the inferior arc cover (48) form a bell-mouth fairing (49), and the inferior arc cover (48) and the superior arc cover (47) have an overlapping portion. The inferior arc cover (48) can rotate along the inner wall of the superior arc cover (47), the tail of the superior arc cover (47) is connected to a fixed short tube (53), and the tail of the inferior arc cover is connected to a fixed short tube (53), and the fixed short tube (53) is inserted into the fixed short tube (53). The fixed short tube 1 (53) and the fixed short tube 2 are clearance-matched. The fixed short tube 1 (53) is provided with a circumferential arc long strip hole. The outer wall of the fixed short tube 2 at a position corresponding to the arc long strip hole is provided with a transmission tooth (50). The transmission tooth (50) is meshed with the gear (51) for transmission. The gear (51) is driven by the driving motor (52). The fixed short tube 1 (53) is connected to the main return air duct (14). The main return air duct (14) is connected to the main air inlet duct (15) at one point.

2. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal box (17) includes a dust removal box body (39) and a bag dust removal pipe (38). An upper bag distribution plate (37) and a lower bag distribution plate (40) are respectively fixed to the upper and lower parts of the dust removal box body (39). A number of through holes (43) are provided at the corresponding positions of the upper bag distribution plate (37) and the lower bag distribution plate (40). The bag dust removal pipe (38) is inserted into the through holes (43) of the upper bag distribution plate (37) and the lower bag distribution plate (40), and the upper and lower parts of the bag dust removal pipe (38) are respectively fixed to the upper bag distribution plate (37) and the lower bag distribution plate (40); a bag dust removal body is provided inside the bag dust removal pipe (38), and the bag dust removal body includes a support frame cylinder (44), and a dust removal filter bag (46) is fixedly attached to the surface of the support frame cylinder (44).

3. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 2, wherein: An air outlet distribution pipe (36) is provided above the upper bag distribution plate (37), and an air inlet distribution pipe (41) is provided below the lower bag distribution plate (40). The air inlet distribution pipe (41) and the air outlet distribution pipe (36) are respectively communicated with the bottom end and the top end of the bag dust removal pipe (38); the air inlet of the air inlet distribution pipe (41) is communicated with the outlet of the main air inlet pipe (15), and the air outlet of the air outlet distribution pipe (36) is communicated with the air inlet of the cyclone (19).

4. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of a secondary dust removal pipe (18) is communicated with the filter return air pipe (24), and the other end of the secondary dust removal pipe (18) is communicated with the main air inlet pipe (15). A three-way valve one (22) is provided at the connection between the filter return air pipe (24) and the secondary dust removal pipe (18), and a gas component detector one (21) is provided between the three-way valve one (22) and the air outlet of the cyclone (19); a one-way valve one (16) is provided at the connection between the secondary dust removal pipe (18) and the main air inlet pipe (15).

5. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A dust removal fan (20) is connected to the air outlet of the cyclone (19).

6. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main pressure regulating chamber (29) is connected to the oxygen generator (23) through an oxygen supply pipe, and an oxygen supply valve (5) is provided at the connection between the oxygen supply pipe (54) and the main pressure regulating chamber (29).

7. The relay ventilation system for long tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the main air inlet pipe (15) is communicated with the straight air inlet pipe (9), and the other end of the straight air inlet pipe (9) is communicated with the main pressure regulating chamber (29). A three-way valve two (11) is provided at the connection between the straight air inlet pipe (9) and the main air inlet pipe (15), and a gas component detector two (12) is provided on the main air inlet pipe (15) between the three-way valve two (11) and the air collecting mechanism (13); a straight air inlet valve (10) is provided on the straight air inlet pipe (9).

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