Vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for lens antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vanadium dioxide P-B phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for lens antenna, including a metasurface material, an incident surface of the metasurface material is provided with a microstrip antenna patch feed source, one side of the metasurface material is provided with a heating base, another opposite side of the metasurface material is provided with a water-cooling base, and a temperature detection module is also provided on the metasurface material, and the heating base and the temperature detection module are both connected to an MCU stm32 controller. The present invention uses an artificial electromagnetic plane multifunctional phase-regulating artificial electromagnetic lens antenna, and realizes the functions of a dielectric lens antenna and a metal lens antenna based on the material properties of vanadium dioxide phase change at 68°C, and regulates the phase of the spherical wave or cylindrical wave emitted by the lens antenna feed source to be a plane wave of an equal phase plane, realizes the surface phase difference correction of the lens antenna, and completes the wavefront phase dynamic modulation of the lens antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz metamaterials, and in particular relates to a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna. Background Art

[0002] The wavelength of terahertz waves is between microwaves and infrared, and the frequency range is between 0.1THz and 10THz. Due to the advantages of terahertz waves such as low photon energy and rich information, they have shown broad application prospects in imaging, detection, qualitative identification and other fields.

[0003] Metamaterials, artificial periodic structures, offer a novel approach to electromagnetic wave manipulation. Unlike traditional materials, they possess remarkable properties such as negative dielectric constant, negative magnetic permeability, and negative refractive index, which are not found in conventional materials. Furthermore, few natural materials exhibit good electromagnetic response in the terahertz band. Metamaterials, which can be engineered to achieve specific frequency responses, have shown unprecedented promise in the terahertz field and garnered widespread attention. However, typical metamaterials, after design and processing, only respond to electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, which undoubtedly limits their practical applications. Therefore, tunable metamaterials and various tuning methods have become new avenues for developing metamaterial applications. Two-dimensional metamaterial electromagnetic surfaces are already widely used in the electromagnetic field for applications such as ultrathin electromagnetic lenses (concave and convex lenses), programmable reflective surfaces, reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (FFS), and three-dimensional imaging. Compared to traditional passive feed network-based electromagnetic wave manipulation schemes, artificial electromagnetic surfaces offer significant advantages in polarization control and beamforming, avoiding complex network design. Therefore, combining artificial electromagnetic surfaces with antenna design to design multifunctional lens antennas has good application prospects and development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna, an artificial electromagnetic lens antenna that uses an artificial electromagnetic plane to multifunctionally control the phase, and an artificial electromagnetic lens antenna that realizes the functions of a dielectric lens antenna and a metal lens antenna based on the material properties of vanadium dioxide phase change at 68°C. The phase of the spherical wave or cylindrical wave emitted by the lens antenna feed source is controlled to be a plane wave with an equal phase plane, thereby realizing the surface phase difference correction of the lens antenna and completing the wavefront phase dynamic modulation of the lens antenna.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna, which includes a metasurface material, an incident surface of the metasurface material is provided with a microstrip antenna patch feed, one side of the metasurface material is provided with a heating base, and the other opposite side of the metasurface material is provided with a water-cooling base. The metasurface material is also provided with a temperature detection module, and the heating base and the temperature detection module are both connected to an MCU STM32 controller.

[0006] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0007] The specific structure of the metasurface material is: it includes a silicon dioxide material substrate layer, a flexible polyimide rotatable patch is arranged on the silicon dioxide material substrate layer, and a composite phase modulation unit structure is arranged at the center position of the surface of the flexible polyimide rotatable patch.

[0008] The specific structure of the composite phase modulation unit structure is: it includes concentrically arranged complementary open outer rings and complementary open inner rings, the complementary open outer rings and the complementary open inner rings share the same geometric center with the flexible material polyimide rotatable patch, the complementary open outer rings and the complementary open inner rings are both open rings, the opening angles of the complementary open outer rings and the complementary open inner rings are consistent, the opening directions are staggered, and the opening angles are 30-120°; the rings are all composed of vanadium dioxide arcs, metal arcs, and vanadium dioxide arcs connected in sequence.

[0009] The radius of the complementary opening inner ring is 0.4-0.6 times the radius of the complementary opening outer ring; the ring width of the complementary opening inner ring is 0.4-0.6 times the ring width of the complementary opening outer ring.

[0010] The width of the inner ring of the complementary opening is 10-15 μm, and the maximum radius of the outer ring of the complementary opening is 70-90 μm.

[0011] The material of the metal arc includes one of gold, silver and aluminum.

[0012] The silicon dioxide material substrate layer has a square structure, a thickness of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer is 80 μm to 300 μm, and a width of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer is 180 μm to 220 μm.

[0013] The heating base is a resistor or diode element; the water-cooling base is filled with coolant.

[0014] The coolant in the water cooling base uses ethylene glycol.

[0015] The temperature detection module is a temperature sensor.

[0016] The present invention provides a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for lens antennas. This unit can achieve 60°, 120°, and 180° phase control by adjusting the unit structural parameters. The transmission phase can cover 0-2π, and the transmission amplitude can cover 0.3-0.5. This surface can be used in the design of low-sidelobe antennas and planar lens antennas. The PB phase control metasurface designed based on this unit can control the phase of the spherical wave emitted by the lens antenna feed to a plane wave with an equal phase plane, achieving surface phase difference correction and dynamic wavefront phase modulation of the lens antenna. The artificial electromagnetic planar lens is located directly above the feed antenna. The feed antenna is characterized by a microstrip patch antenna that can adopt circularly polarized antennas, dual circularly polarized antennas, single linear polarized antennas, or dual linear polarized antennas. The multifunctional artificial electromagnetic surface antenna is realized using vanadium dioxide phase change material. Dynamic switching between a horn lens antenna and a horn antenna is achieved based on a heating base, a water cooling base, and a temperature detection module installed on the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure unit structure for a lens antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure and working structure of a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of unit phase modulation characteristics of a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the working principle of a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure, 1. Complementary open outer ring, 2. Complementary open inner ring, 3. Flexible polyimide rotatable patch, 4. Silicon dioxide material substrate layer, 5. Metasurface material, 6. Microstrip antenna patch feed, 7. MCU STM32 controller, 8. Cold water base, 9. Heating base, 10. Temperature detection module, 11. Metal arc, 12. Vanadium dioxide arc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] The present invention is a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for lens antenna, the structure is as follows Figures 1-2As shown, it includes a metasurface material 5, the incident surface of the metasurface material 5 is provided with a microstrip antenna patch feed 6, one side of the metasurface material 5 is provided with a heating base 9, and the other opposite side of the metasurface material 5 is provided with a water-cooling base 8. A temperature detection module 10 is also provided on the metasurface material 5, and both the heating base 9 and the temperature detection module 10 are connected to the MCU STM32 controller 7.

[0024] The specific structure of the metasurface material 5 is as follows: it includes a silicon dioxide material substrate layer 4, a flexible polyimide rotatable patch 3 is arranged on the silicon dioxide material substrate layer 4, and a composite phase modulation unit structure is arranged at the center position of the surface of the flexible polyimide rotatable patch 3.

[0025] The specific structure of the composite phase modulation unit structure is as follows: it includes a concentrically arranged complementary open outer ring 1 and a complementary open inner ring 2, the complementary open outer ring 1 and the complementary open inner ring 2 share the same geometric center with the flexible material polyimide rotatable patch 3, the complementary open outer ring 1 and the complementary open inner ring 2 are both open rings, the opening angles of the complementary open outer ring 1 and the complementary open inner ring 2 are consistent, the opening directions are staggered, and the opening angle is 30-120°; the rings are all connected by a vanadium dioxide arc 12, a metal arc 11, and a vanadium dioxide arc 12 in sequence.

[0026] The radius of the complementary open inner ring 2 is 0.4-0.6 times the radius of the complementary open outer ring 1; the ring width of the complementary open inner ring 2 is 0.4-0.6 times the ring width of the complementary open outer ring 1.

[0027] The width of the complementary open inner ring 2 is 10-15 μm, and the maximum radius of the complementary open outer ring 1 is 70-90 μm.

[0028] The material of the metal arc 11 includes one of gold, silver and aluminum.

[0029] The silicon dioxide material substrate layer 4 is a square structure, the thickness of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer 4 is 80 μm to 300 μm, and the width of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer 4 is 180 μm to 220 μm.

[0030] The heating base 9 is a resistor or a diode element; the water-cooling base 8 is filled with cooling liquid.

[0031] The coolant in the water-cooling base 8 is ethylene glycol.

[0032] The temperature detection module 10 is a temperature sensor.

[0033] The present invention utilizes a vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for a lens antenna. The composite phase modulation unit structure comprises a concentrically arranged complementary open outer ring 1 and a complementary open inner ring 2. Dynamic phase modulation is achieved by varying the arc length ratio of the vanadium dioxide arc 12 and the metal arc 11, enabling metasurface control of the transmission phase from 0 to 2π. The flexible polyimide rotatable patch 3 is a circular, rotatable substrate layer made of flexible polyimide. The present invention can be used in the design of low-sidelobe antennas and planar lens antennas. The PB phase control metasurface based on this unit design controls the phase of the spherical wave emitted by the lens antenna feed to a plane wave with an equal phase plane, achieving surface phase difference correction and dynamic wavefront phase modulation. In the antenna structure, the metasurface material 5, or the artificial electromagnetic planar lens, is located directly above the feed antenna. The feed antenna is characterized by a microstrip patch antenna, which can be a circularly polarized antenna, a dual-circularly polarized antenna, or a single-linearly polarized antenna or a dual-linearly polarized antenna. The spherical or cylindrical waves emitted by the microstrip antenna patch feed 6 pass through the metamaterial surface 5 and are converted into plane waves with an isophase plane through phase modulation. Using the illustrated water-cooled base 8 and heated base 9, the vanadium dioxide phase transition is achieved, changing the metamaterial surface's phase modulation properties and realizing a multifunctional phase-modulated metasurface structure.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the phase modulation characteristics of the present invention. From the figure, we can see that when the vanadium dioxide accounts for 2 / 3 and the inner and outer rings are opened at 90°, the transmission phase difference after the phase change of the structural unit based on this material is stable at around 180°. Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the working principle of the present invention. The spherical wave or cylindrical wave emitted by the feed source passes through the artificial electromagnetic plane lens and is then Figure 1 The structure has 60°, 120°, and 180° phase modulation, and then achieves full coverage of 0-2π transmission phase based on the PB phase modulation metasurface, realizing the conversion of equal phase plane waves, or switching of narrow beams, plane waves, conical or cylindrical beams and other beam-endowed functions.

[0035] The complementary open-ring vanadium dioxide and metal composite phase modulation unit structure of the present invention is based on a temperature-changing phase change material under 68°C. By adjusting the ratio of the vanadium dioxide ring to the metal ratio and PB phase control, discontinuous phase changes are achieved, as well as multifunctional phase changes achieved after the material phase change. The phase change characteristics of vanadium dioxide are utilized to multifunctionally realize the dynamic modulation beamforming of the spherical wave into a plane wave, as well as the steady-state phase modulation of the spherical wave transmission. Based on this application to the lens antenna structure, the spherical wave and cylindrical wave emitted by the microstrip patch feed antenna are adjusted to a plane wave with an equal phase plane through the artificial electromagnetic plane lens of this design to achieve antenna surface phase difference correction, complete the dynamic modulation of the wavefront phase of the lens antenna to achieve beamforming. Dynamic control of multifunctional phase modulation is achieved through the surface heating base, water cooling base, and real-time temperature control detection module.

Claims

1. A vanadium dioxide PB phase multifunctional artificial electromagnetic structure for lens antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a metasurface material (5), wherein a microstrip antenna patch feed source (6) is arranged on the incident surface of the metasurface material (5), a heating base (9) is arranged on one side surface of the metasurface material (5), a water cooling base (8) is arranged on the other opposite side surface of the metasurface material (5), and a temperature detection module (10) is also arranged on the metasurface material (5), wherein the heating base (9) and the temperature detection module (10) are both connected to an MCU The metasurface material (5) is specifically structured as follows: it comprises a silicon dioxide material substrate layer (4); a flexible polyimide rotatable patch (3) is arranged on the silicon dioxide material substrate layer (4); a composite phase modulation unit structure is arranged at the center of the surface of the flexible polyimide rotatable patch (3); the composite phase modulation unit structure specifically comprises: it comprises a complementary open outer ring (1) and a complementary open inner ring (2) arranged concentrically; the complementary open outer ring (1) and the complementary open inner ring (2) share a common geometric center with the flexible polyimide rotatable patch (3); the complementary open outer ring (1) and the complementary open inner ring (2) are both open rings; the complementary open outer ring (1) and the complementary open inner ring (2) have the same opening angle and staggered opening directions; the opening angle is 30-120°; the rings are composed of vanadium dioxide arcs (12), metal arcs (11 ), and vanadium dioxide arcs (12) are connected in sequence, the radius of the complementary open inner ring (2) is 0.4-0.6 times the radius of the complementary open outer ring (1); the ring width of the complementary open inner ring (2) is 0.4-0.6 times the ring width of the complementary open outer ring (1), the width of the complementary open inner ring (2) is 10-15 μm, the maximum radius of the complementary open outer ring (1) is 70-90 μm, and the material of the metal arc (11) includes One of gold, silver and aluminum, the silicon dioxide material substrate layer (4) is a square structure, the thickness of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer (4) is 80 μm to 300 μm, the width of the silicon dioxide material substrate layer (4) is 180 μm to 220 μm, the heating base (9) is a resistor or a diode element; the water cooling base (8) is filled with a coolant, the coolant in the water cooling base (8) is ethylene glycol, and the temperature detection module (10) is a temperature sensor.

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