A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for high-concentration photovoltaic battery pack

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of heat dissipation of photovoltaic cells, and particularly relates to a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and heat exchange method of high-multiple light concentration cell group. When the whole system starts to work, the Fresnel mirror located at the upper part focuses the sunlight to the cell group, the cell group converts the light energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery, and the storage battery ensures the operation of the electric heater. The preheated water is first exchanged through the surface of the cell group, the back of the cell group is provided with a heat collecting cavity to collect the high-temperature heat generated by the Fresnel light concentrator to the cell, and the controller controls the multi-stage heat pipe group to exchange heat with the heat collecting cavity through the feedback of the temperature sensor for different heat flow densities; the condensing end of the heat pipe is provided with a heat exchange box, the water after heat exchange is stored in a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected with a user end. The device effectively utilizes the sunlight heat energy in multiple aspects, reduces the cost, and has the characteristics of convenient use, high practicality, low energy consumption and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat dissipation of photovoltaic cells, and specifically relates to a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and heat exchange method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell array. Background Technology

[0002] The widespread use of solar energy has made it a major force in today's new energy sources, and the thermal utilization of solar energy is a crucial technology. Using Fresnel lenses to focus sunlight onto a solar panel, the panel converts the light energy into electrical energy and stores it in batteries. The concentrated sunlight, projected onto the solar panels, generates significant heat at the focal point. This results in both heat loss and a rapid increase in the surface temperature of the photovoltaic cells. This temperature rise has two consequences: first, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cells decreases with increasing temperature. For every 1K decrease in the cell module temperature, the output power increases by 0.2% to 0.5%; second, prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause irreversible damage to the photovoltaic cells. Therefore, different types of heat pipes with varying heat conduction capabilities are used to collect and utilize the high-temperature heat from the cells. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the high temperature problem caused by high-concentration photovoltaic systems to photovoltaic cells. A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for high-concentration photovoltaic cell arrays are provided, which utilizes different types of heat pipes to select appropriate heat pipe groups for heat exchange under different operating conditions, and performs segmented storage and utilization of the exchanged water.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention:

[0005] A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack includes: a controller 1, a Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack 3, a storage battery 4, an electric heating device 5, a hot water tank 8, a multi-stage heat pipe system 19, a three-layer water storage tank 15, and a user terminal 15.

[0006] The Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell array 3 includes a Fresnel concentrator 3-1, a concentrator support 3-2, a photovoltaic cell array 3-3, a preheating water pipe 3-4, a phase change heat collection cavity 3-5, a temperature sensor 3-6, and an evaporation end channel 3-7 of a multi-stage heat pipe system. The Fresnel concentrator 3-1 is connected to the photovoltaic cell array 3-3 via the concentrator support 3-2. The photovoltaic cell array 3-3 is composed of photovoltaic cells spliced ​​together, with gaps between the photovoltaic cells. The preheating water pipe 3-4 is arranged in the gaps between the photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cell array 3-3 is connected to a storage battery 4. The phase change heat collection cavity 3-5 is located at the bottom of the photovoltaic cell array 3-3. The phase change heat collection cavity 3-5 contains the temperature sensor 3-6 and the evaporation end channel 3-7 of the multi-stage heat pipe system, and is filled with a medium-temperature phase change material.

[0007] The electric heating device 5 includes a corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1, insulation cotton 5-2, a preheated water inlet 5-3, a temperature probe 5-4, a preheated water outlet 5-5, an electric heating device 5-6, and a high-temperature steam exhaust valve 5-7. The insulation cotton 5-2 covers the outer periphery of the electric heating device 5. The top of the electric heating device 5 is equipped with a preheated water inlet 5-3 and a high-temperature steam exhaust valve 5-7. The high-temperature steam exhaust valve 5-7 is used to prevent the heating temperature of the corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 from being too high, which would cause the steam inside the electric heating device 5 to expand. The bottom of the electric heating device 5 is equipped with an electric heating device 5-6. The preheated water inlet 5-3 is connected to the outlet of the preheated water pipe 3-4. The electric heating device 5 contains a corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 and a temperature probe 5-4. The temperature probe 5-4 is used to provide real-time feedback of the preheated water heating temperature to the controller 1. The corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 is electrically connected to a storage battery 4. The storage battery 4 stores the electricity converted by the photovoltaic cell array 3-3 and supplies power to the corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 when needed.

[0008] The hot water exchange tank 8 is equipped with a temperature control solenoid valve, a temperature sensor 11, and a multi-stage heat pipe system 19. The inlet of the hot water exchange tank 8 is connected to the preheated hot water outlet 5-5 via a water pipe, on which a hot water pump 7 is installed. The multi-stage heat pipe system 19 includes a medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1, a normal-temperature heat pipe group 19-2, a fixed sleeve 19-3, a solenoid valve 19-4, a piston rod 19-5, a movable cylinder 19-6, and threaded fins 19-7. There are two fixed sleeves 19-3, which respectively connect all the medium-temperature heat pipe groups 19-1 and the... Some room temperature heat pipe groups 19-2 are fixedly connected; the lower end of the fixed sleeve 19-3 is equipped with a solenoid valve 19-4, which is connected to the movable cylinder 19-6 through the piston 19-5; the condensing ends of the medium temperature heat pipe group 19-1 and the room temperature heat pipe group 19-2 are provided with threaded fins 19-7; the solenoid valve 19-4 drives the piston 19-5 to operate by controlling the movable cylinder 19-6, which pushes the evaporating ends of the medium temperature heat pipe group 19-1 and the room temperature heat pipe group 19-2 into the evaporating end channel 3-7 of the multi-stage heat pipe group system;

[0009] The water storage tank system 12 includes an inlet port 12-1, insulation material 12-2, an outlet port 12-3, a baffle plate 12-4, and a water storage space 12-5. The insulation material 12-2 is wrapped around the outer surface of the water storage tank system 12. One side of the water storage tank system 12 has an inlet port 12-1, and the other side has an outlet port 12-3. The number of inlet ports 12-1 and outlet ports 12-3 is the same, and the number is determined according to the number of layers in the water storage tank system 12. The layering in the water storage tank system 12 is achieved by the baffle plate 12-4, which divides the water tank of the water storage tank system 12 into storage spaces for water at different temperatures. Water space 12-5; the inlet interface 12-1 of the water storage tank system 12 is connected to one end of the water pipe, and each water pipe is equipped with a temperature control solenoid valve 10; the other end of the water pipe is merged into a water pipe and connected to the hot water exchange tank 8, and the merged water pipe is equipped with a storage water pump 9; the temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve of the hot water exchange tank 8 and the temperature control solenoid valve 10 are linked. When the temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve transmits the temperature signal to the controller 1, the controller 1 controls whether the temperature control solenoid valve 10 is opened or closed, and water of different temperatures flows from the hot water exchange tank 8 into the different temperature layers of the water storage space 12-5;

[0010] The tiered water outlets 12-3 of the water storage tank system 12 are connected to one end of a water pipe, and each water pipe is equipped with a drying valve 13. The other ends of the water pipes are merged into one water pipe and connected to the user end 15. A power water pump 14 is installed on the merged water pipe. The user end 15 is connected to the inlet of the preheated water pipe 3-4 through the circulating main water pipe 17. A circulating water pump 18 is installed on the circulating main water pipe 17. By opening the drying valve 13, the power water pump 14 inputs hot water into the user end 15. The water flowing out of the user end 15 flows through the circulating main water pipe 17 and the circulating water pump 18, and finally flows into the preheated water pipe 3-4 for recirculation.

[0011] The controller 1 is connected to the temperature sensor 3-6, temperature probe 5-4, temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve, temperature control solenoid valve 10, and the movable solenoid valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe group via unshielded twisted pair cable 6. The controller 1 can receive the temperature detection signals from the temperature sensor 3-6, temperature probe 5-4, and temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve, and control the opening and closing of the temperature control solenoid valve 10 and the operation of the movable solenoid valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe group. The controller 1 is equipped with an Omron temperature gauge 1-1 and a control box door lock 2. The Omron temperature gauge 1-1 displays the temperature of each sensor in real time, and the start temperature for controlling the operation of the temperature control solenoid valve 10 can be set.

[0012] Furthermore, the user terminal 15 can utilize the tiered hot water at different temperatures in the water storage tank system 12 to provide users with tiered heating.

[0013] Furthermore, the user terminal 15 is a tiered heating system, which is equipped with a heat exchanger 16. Hot water at different temperatures is supplied to users through the heat exchanger 16.

[0014] The heat exchange method using the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system of the high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack:

[0015] When the entire system starts working, Fresnel concentrator 3-1 focuses sunlight onto photovoltaic cell 3-3, photovoltaic cell 3-3 converts light energy into electrical energy and stores it in battery 4. The lower part of photovoltaic cell 3-3 is provided with phase change heat collection cavity 3-5 containing medium-temperature phase change heat storage material, which is used to collect the heat focused on photovoltaic cell 3-3.

[0016] The preheating water pipe 3-4 first provides initial heat dissipation for the photovoltaic cell array 3-3. The preheating water in the preheating water pipe 3-4 flows sequentially through the electric heating device 5, the hot water exchange tank 8, the water storage tank system 12, and the user terminal 15, and finally flows back into the preheating water pipe 3-4, forming a closed-loop working system. The temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve monitors the water temperature in the hot water exchange tank 8 in real time. Each temperature control solenoid valve 10 has a different opening temperature. When the temperature of the temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve reaches the preset opening temperature of a certain temperature control solenoid valve 10, the water storage pump 10 starts to work and opens the corresponding temperature control solenoid valve 10 valve, the inlet interface 12-1 of the water storage tank system 12, and the outlet interface 12-3. The water flows into the user terminal 15 through the three layers of water storage tank 12.

[0017] The controller 1 controls whether the corrosion-resistant electric heating element 5-1 and the multi-stage heat pipe system 19 work based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 3-6. When the weather conditions are poor and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 3-6 is lower than the preset value of the controller 1, the corrosion-resistant electric heating element 5-1 works and the multi-stage heat pipe system 19 does not work. When the weather conditions are good and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 3-6 is higher than the preset value of the controller 1, the corrosion-resistant electric heating element 5-1 does not work and the multi-stage heat pipe system 19 works.

[0018] When the multi-stage heat pipe system 19 is working, the temperature sensor 3-6 feeds back the measured temperature of the photovoltaic cell group 3-3 to the controller 1. When the temperature sensor 3-6 detects that the temperature has reached the start-up temperature of the medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1 or the normal-temperature heat pipe group 19-2, the controller 1 controls the medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1 or the normal-temperature heat pipe group 19-2 to be inserted into the evaporation end channel 3-7 of the multi-stage heat pipe system in the phase change heat collection cavity 3-5. The heat from the phase change heat collection cavity 3-5 is transferred from the evaporation end of the heat pipe group to the condensation end of the heat pipe group in the hot water exchange tank 8. The preheated water flows through the condensation end of the medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1 or the normal-temperature heat pipe group 19-2 for secondary heat exchange. When the temperature sensor 3-6 detects that the temperature is gradually decreasing, the controller 1 first controls the medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1 to exit the phase change heat collection cavity 3-5, and then controls the normal-temperature heat pipe group 19-2 to exit the phase change heat collection cavity 3-5. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main system of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell array and the phase change heat collection cavity in this invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electric heating device in this invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage heat pipe system structure in this invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a front view of the multi-stage heat pipe system in this invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water storage tank system in this invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the controller panel in this invention;

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Controller; 1-1. Omron regulating meter; 2. Control box door lock; 3. Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack; 3-1. Fresnel condenser lens; 3-2. Condenser lens bracket; 3-3. Photovoltaic cell pack; 3-4. Preheating water pipe; 3-5. Phase change heat collection chamber; 3-6. Temperature sensor; 3-7. Evaporator end channel of multi-stage heat pipe system; 4. Battery; 5. Electric heating device; 5-1. Corrosion-resistant electric heating tube; 5-2. Insulation cotton; 5-3. Preheating water inlet; 5-4. Temperature probe; 5-5. Preheating water outlet; 5-6. Electric heating device base; 5-7. High-temperature steam exhaust valve; 6. Unshielded twisted pair cable; 7. Hot water pump; 8. 9. Hot water tank; 10. Storage pump; 11. Temperature control solenoid valve; 12. Temperature sensor of temperature control solenoid valve; 13. Water storage tank system; 12-1. Inlet interface; 12-2. Insulation material; 12-3. Outlet interface; 12-4. Layered baffle; 12-5. Water storage space; 14. Drying working valve; 15. Power water pump; 16. User end; 17. Heat exchanger; 18. Main circulating water pipeline; 19. Circulating water pump; 19. Multi-stage heat pipe system; 19-1. Medium temperature heat pipe group; 19-2. Normal temperature heat pipe group; 19-3. Fixing sleeve; 19-4. Solenoid valve; 19-5. Piston rod; 19-6. Movable cylinder; 19-7. Threaded fins; Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which are only used to illustrate the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.

[0028] This invention proposes a multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell, comprising: a Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell 3 with a heat collection cavity, a controller 1 connected to each sensor, a storage battery 4, an electric heating device 5 connected to the storage battery, a water exchange tank 8 with a multi-stage heat pipe assembly, a water storage tank system 12, and a user terminal 15.

[0029] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and heat exchange method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell array are characterized in that: the Fresnel high-concentration photovoltaic cell array 3 with a heat collection cavity consists of a Fresnel concentrator 3-1, a photovoltaic cell array 3-3, and a phase change heat collection cavity 3-5, with a preheating water coil 3-4 laid on the surface, a temperature sensor 3-6 installed inside the phase change heat collection cavity 3-5, and an evaporation end channel 3-7 of a multi-stage heat pipe array system inside.

[0030] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell array are characterized by the following: the electric heating system 5 includes a temperature probe 5-4, a preheated water outlet 5-5, an electric heating device base 5-6, a corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1, insulation cotton 5-2, a preheated water inlet 5-3, a battery 4 storing the electricity converted from the photovoltaic cells to power the corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1, and a high-temperature steam exhaust valve 5-7 preventing excessive heating temperature from causing steam expansion inside the electric heating chamber. When weather conditions are poor, the temperature sensor 3-6 reaches a set value, activating the electric heating device 5. Preheated water flows through the corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 for heating. At this time, the hot water tank system 8 is not operating. The temperature probe 5-4 provides real-time feedback on the heating temperature. When the temperature reaches the set values ​​of different temperature-controlled solenoid valves 10, the corresponding valves and water tank inlet / outlet are opened, storing water into the water storage tank system 12. When weather conditions are good, the corrosion-resistant electric heating tube 5-1 is not operating.

[0031] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell array are characterized in that: the inlet of the heat exchange tank 8 is connected to the preheated water outlet of the electric heating device 5; the heat exchange tank 8 is equipped with a temperature control solenoid valve, a temperature sensor 11, and a multi-stage heat pipe system 19; threaded fins 19-7 are installed on the condenser end of the heat pipe array. The ambient temperature heat pipe array 19-2 and the medium temperature heat pipe array 19-1 are arranged around the perimeter and connected together by fixing sleeves 19-3. Solenoid valves 19-4 are installed at the lower end of the fixing sleeves of the two heat pipe arrays, controlling the movable cylinder 19-6 to push the piston rod 19-5 to advance the evaporator end of the heat pipe array into the evaporator end channel 7 of the multi-stage heat pipe system. For example, the heat flux density is distributed from low to high and then decreases throughout the day. After the temperature sensor 3-6 reaches the set value, the temperature in the heat collection chamber has not yet reached the start-up temperature of the medium-temperature heat pipe group 19-1. First, the evaporation end of the normal temperature heat pipe group 19-2 is pushed into the phase change heat collection chamber 3-5 for heat exchange. The preheated water flows to the condensation end of the normal temperature heat pipe group 19-2 for secondary heat exchange. When the temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve reaches the set value of the temperature control solenoid valve 10, the corresponding valves and water tank inlet and outlet are opened to store water in the water storage tank. As the heat flux density increases, after the temperature sensor 3-6 reaches the set value, the temperature inside the phase change heat collection chamber 3-5 is relatively high, reaching the operating limit of the ambient temperature heat pipe assembly 19-2 and the start-up temperature of the medium temperature heat pipe assembly 19-1. The controller 1 pushes the evaporator end of the medium temperature heat pipe assembly 19-1 into the phase change heat collection chamber 3-5 for heat exchange. The preheated water flows through the condenser end of the medium temperature heat pipe assembly 19-1 for secondary heat exchange. When the temperature sensor 11 of the temperature control solenoid valve reaches the set value of the temperature control solenoid valve 10, the storage water pump 9 operates and opens the corresponding valves and water tank inlet and outlet to store water into the water storage tank system 12. As the heat flux density gradually decreases and the temperature inside the heat collection chamber decreases, the controller 1 first removes the medium temperature heat pipe assembly 19-1 from the phase change heat collection chamber 3-5, and then removes the ambient temperature heat pipe assembly 19-2 from the phase change heat collection chamber.

[0032] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell array are characterized by the following: the water storage tank system 12 is covered with insulation material 12-2, a hot water inlet 12-1 is installed on the outside connecting to the hot water tank 8, and a water outlet 12-3 connects to the user terminal 15. The water storage tank system 12 has layered baffles 12-4 dividing the tank into storage spaces 12-5 for storing water at different temperatures. Temperature-controlled solenoid valves 10 are installed on the outside of the hot water inlet 12-1. The temperature sensor 11 of the temperature-controlled solenoid valve in the hot water tank 8 is linked to the temperature-controlled solenoid valve 10 and controlled by the controller 1. Based on the feedback value of the temperature sensor 11, the controller controls the temperature-controlled solenoid valve 10 to store water at the set temperature into the different layers of the water storage tank system 12.

[0033] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and heat exchange method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack are characterized in that: the user end 15 and the heat exchanger 16 are heated by a power water pump 14 to make hot water flow in the user end 15, and after the end, the hot water flows through the main circulating water pipe 17 and the circulating water pump 18, and then resumes operation through the preheated hot water pipe 3-4.

[0034] The multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system and method for a high-concentration photovoltaic cell pack are characterized in that: the controller 1 is connected to temperature sensors 3-6, temperature probes 5-4, temperature sensor 11 of the temperature-controlled solenoid valve, temperature-controlled solenoid valve 10, and the movable solenoid valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe pack via unshielded twisted pair cables 6; the controller 1 can receive temperature detection signals from temperature sensors 3-6, temperature probes 5-4, and temperature sensor 11 of the temperature-controlled solenoid valve, and control the opening and closing of the temperature-controlled solenoid valve 10 and the operation of the movable solenoid valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe pack; an Omron temperature gauge 1-1 with temperature sensors is installed on the control box panel to display the temperature of each sensor in real time, and the system temperature can be set to control the start-up temperature of the solenoid valve, so that hot water of different temperatures can be stored in the user terminal 15.

[0035] The above description, based on the preferred embodiments of the present invention, serves as inspiration. Through this description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and substitutions without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchange system for high concentration photovoltaic battery packs, characterized by, The application relates to a high-concentration photovoltaic power generation system. The high-concentration photovoltaic cell group (3) comprises a Fresnel condenser (3-1), a condenser support (3-2), a photovoltaic cell group (3-3), a preheating water pipe (3-4), a phase-change heat collection cavity (3-5), a temperature sensor (3-6) and a multi-stage heat pipe group system evaporation end channel (3-7); the Fresnel condenser (3-1) is connected with the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) through the condenser support (3-2); the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) is composed of photovoltaic cells which are spliced together, and gaps exist between the photovoltaic cells; the preheating water pipe (3-4) is arranged in the gaps between the photovoltaic cells; the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) is connected with the storage battery (4); the phase-change heat collection cavity (3-5) is arranged at the lower part of the photovoltaic cell group (3-3); the phase-change heat collection cavity (3-5) is internally provided with the temperature sensor (3-6) and the multi-stage heat pipe group system evaporation end channel (3-7), and the phase-change heat collection cavity (3-5) is filled with a medium-temperature phase-change material; The electric heating device (5) comprises a corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1), heat insulation cotton (5-2), a preheating water inlet (5-3), a temperature probe (5-4), a preheating water outlet (5-5), an electric heating device base (5-6) and a high-temperature steam exhaust valve (5-7); the heat insulation cotton (5-2) is wrapped around the outer periphery of the electric heating device (5), the top of the electric heating device (5) is provided with the preheating water inlet (5-3) and the high-temperature steam exhaust valve (5-7), the high-temperature steam exhaust valve (5-7) is used for preventing the expansion of steam in the electric heating device (5) caused by the excessively high heating temperature of the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1), the bottom of the electric heating device (5) is provided with the electric heating device base (5-6); the preheating water inlet (5-3) is connected with the water outlet of the preheating water pipe (3-4); the electric heating device (5) is internally provided with the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) and the temperature probe (5-4), the temperature probe (5-4) is used for feeding back the preheating water heating temperature to the controller (1) in real time; the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) is electrically connected with the storage battery (4), the storage battery (4) stores the electric quantity converted by the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) and supplies the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) with power when needed; ​ The heat exchange water tank (8) is internally provided with a temperature control electromagnetic valve temperature sensor (11) and a multi-stage heat pipe group system (19); the water inlet of the heat exchange water tank (8) is connected with the preheating water outlet (5-5) through a water pipe, and the water pipe is provided with a heat exchange water pump (7); the multi-stage heat pipe group system (19) comprises a medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1), a normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2), a fixed sleeve (19-3), an electromagnetic valve (19-4), a piston (19-5), a movable cylinder (19-6) and a threaded fin (19-7); the fixed sleeve (19-3) is two in number and is respectively connected with all the medium-temperature heat pipe groups (19-1) and all the normal-temperature heat pipe groups (19-2); the lower end of the fixed sleeve (19-3) is provided with the electromagnetic valve (19-4), and the electromagnetic valve (19-4) is connected with the movable cylinder (19-6) through the piston (19-5); the condensing end of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) and the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) is provided with the threaded fin (19-7); the electromagnetic valve (19-4) drives the piston (19-5) to operate by controlling the movable cylinder (19-6) according to the temperature of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) detected by the temperature sensor (3-6); if the temperature of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) has not reached the starting temperature of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1), the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) is pushed into the multi-stage heat pipe group system evaporation end channel (3-7) to perform heat exchange; if the temperature of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) reaches the working limit of the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) and reaches the starting temperature of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1), the evaporation end of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) is pushed into the multi-stage heat pipe group system evaporation end channel (3-7) to perform heat exchange; when the temperature of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) gradually decreases, the controller (1) first withdraws the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) from the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) and then withdraws the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) from the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5). The water storage tank system (12) comprises a water inlet interface (12-1), a thermal insulation material (12-2), a water outlet interface (12-3), a water blocking baffle (12-4) and a water storage space (12-5); the thermal insulation material (12-2) is wrapped on the outer surface of the water storage tank system (12); one side of the water storage tank system (12) is provided with the water inlet interface (12-1), and the other side is provided with the water outlet interface (12-3); the number of the water inlet interfaces (12-1) is the same as that of the water outlet interfaces (12-3), and is determined according to the number of layers in the water storage tank system (12); the layers in the water storage tank system (12) are realized by the water blocking baffle (12-4), so that the water tank of the water storage tank system (12) is divided into water storage spaces (12-5) of different temperature water; the water inlet interfaces (12-1) of the water storage tank system (12) are respectively connected with one end of a water pipe, and a temperature control electromagnetic valve (10) is arranged on each water pipe; the other end of the water pipe is combined into a water pipe connected with a heat exchange water tank (8), and a storage water pump (9) is arranged on the combined water pipe; the temperature control electromagnetic valve temperature sensor (11) of the heat exchange water tank (8) is linked with the temperature control electromagnetic valve (10), when the temperature control electromagnetic valve temperature sensor (11) transmits a temperature signal to a controller (1), the controller (1) controls whether the temperature control electromagnetic valve (10) is switched on or off, and water at different temperatures flows into different temperature layers of the water storage space (12-5) from the heat exchange water tank (8) respectively; The water outlet interfaces (12-3) of the water storage tank system (12) are respectively connected with one end of a water pipe, a drying working valve (13) is arranged on the water pipe, the other end of the water pipe is combined into a water pipe connected with a user end (15), and a power water pump (14) is arranged on the combined water pipe; the user end (15) is connected with a preheating water pipe (3-4) inlet through a circulating main water pipe (17), and a circulating water pump (18) is arranged on the circulating main water pipe (17); by opening the drying working valve (13), the power water pump (14) inputs hot water into the user end (15), the water flowing out of the user end (15) is circulated through the circulating main water pipe (17) and the circulating water pump (18), and finally flows into the preheating water pipe (3-4) to be recycled again; The controller (1) is connected with the temperature sensor (3-6), the temperature probe (5-4), the temperature control electromagnetic valve temperature sensor (11), the temperature control electromagnetic valve (10) and the movable electromagnetic valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe group through unshielded twisted pair wires (6); the controller (1) can receive temperature detection signals of the temperature sensor (3-6), the temperature probe (5-4) and the temperature control electromagnetic valve temperature sensor (11), and control the switching on and off of the temperature control electromagnetic valve (10) and the working of the movable electromagnetic valve cylinder assembly of the heat pipe group; an Omron temperature table head (1-1) and a control box door lock (2) are arranged on the controller (1), the Omron temperature table head (1-1) displays the temperature of each sensor in real time, and can set the starting temperature of the temperature control electromagnetic valve (10).

2. A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanging system for high concentration photovoltaic cell array according to claim 1, wherein, The user end (15) can utilize the layered hot water at different temperatures in the water storage tank system (12) to provide step-by-step layered heating for users.

3. A multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanging system of high concentration photovoltaic cell array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The user terminal (15) is a step-by-step heating system, and a heat exchanger (16) is arranged in the step-by-step heating system; hot water with different temperatures is used to heat the user through the heat exchanger (16).

4. The heat exchanging method of the multi-stage heat pipe heat exchanging system using the high-concentration photovoltaic cell group according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, When the whole system starts to work, the Fresnel lens (3-1) focuses the sunlight on the photovoltaic cell group (3-3), the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) converts the light energy into electric energy and stores the electric energy in the storage battery (4), and the lower part of the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) is provided with a phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) containing a medium-temperature phase change heat storage material, which is used to collect the heat focused on the photovoltaic cell group (3-3); The preheating water pipe (3-4) firstly preliminarily radiates the photovoltaic cell group (3-3), the preheating water in the preheating water pipe (3-4) flows through the electric heating device (5), the heat exchange water tank (8), the water storage tank system (12) and the user terminal (15) in sequence, and finally flows back into the preheating water pipe (3-4), so as to form a closed circulation system; the temperature sensor (11) of the temperature control electromagnetic valve monitors the water temperature in the heat exchange water tank (8) in real time, the opening temperature of each temperature control electromagnetic valve (10) is different, when the temperature of the temperature sensor (11) reaches the opening temperature preset by a certain temperature control electromagnetic valve (10), the water storage pump (9) starts to work, and the corresponding temperature control electromagnetic valve (10), the water inlet interface (12-1) of the water storage tank system (12) and the water outlet interface (12-3) are opened, the water flows into the user terminal (15) through the water storage tank system (12); The controller (1) controls whether the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) and the multi-stage heat pipe group system (19) work according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (3-6); when the weather condition is poor and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (3-6) is lower than the preset value of the controller (1), the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) works and the multi-stage heat pipe group system (19) does not work; when the weather condition is good and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor (3-6) is higher than the preset value of the controller (1), the corrosion-resistant electric heating pipe (5-1) does not work and the multi-stage heat pipe group system (19) works; When the multi-stage heat pipe group system (19) works, the temperature sensor (3-6) feeds back the temperature of the photovoltaic cell group (3-3) to the controller (1); when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (3-6) reaches the starting temperature of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) or the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2), the controller (1) controls the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) or the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) to be inserted into the multi-stage heat pipe group system evaporation end channel (3-7) of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5), the heat of the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) is transferred from the evaporation end of the heat pipe group to the condensation end of the heat pipe group in the heat exchange water tank (8), and the preheating water flows through the condensation end of the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) or the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) to be secondarily heat exchanged; when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (3-6) gradually decreases, the controller (1) controls the medium-temperature heat pipe group (19-1) to be withdrawn from the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5) first, and then controls the normal-temperature heat pipe group (19-2) to be withdrawn from the phase change heat collecting cavity (3-5).

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