Method for managing progress of mechanical and electrical engineering for virtual construction

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electromechanical engineering progress management methods for virtual construction, comprising: establishing the three-dimensional digital model of building to be constructed;Personnel is equipped with handheld terminal and MR equipment into construction site, and position information and personnel orientation are transmitted to handheld terminal;Determine the three-dimensional digital model of building in the field of view of personnel, and put it into smart glasses, so that the three-dimensional digital model of building seen and real scene are accurately matched;Mark the virtual work face that has been completed in the three-dimensional digital model of building;The work quantity completed daily is counted.The method collects the completed work face by MR equipment, forms virtual work face, and then calculates the completed work quantity, improves the degree of intelligent, digital and integrated management of construction site, and improves construction management efficiency.Through the quantity of statistics, the deviation of engineering progress and material demand can be obtained, and the time and human error of project manager comparison and analysis are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a BIM technology-based mechanical and electrical engineering project progress management method for virtual construction, belonging to the technical field of construction management. Background Art

[0002] Mechanical and electrical systems involve the installation of water, electricity, and air pipelines, as well as the installation of corresponding large and small equipment, combined with the installation and commissioning of intelligent control equipment to meet the various functions of the building. In large-scale projects, the physical volume of various mechanical and electrical pipelines and equipment is enormous. To meet the construction deadline, the procurement and supply of corresponding materials, units, and accessories is a heavy workload, and requires extensive coordination of cross-disciplinary construction. Project managers find it difficult to fully, accurately, and in real time understand the actual progress of construction in different parts and disciplines compared to the planned progress. Simultaneously, they lack a comprehensive understanding of the various quality requirements or other professional demands of the project in real time, which can lead to incorrect decision-making and deployment, affecting the overall project management.

[0003] In actual projects, virtual construction technology only plays a guiding role in progress and material control. This is because many projects currently lack intelligent management and control methods, and information technology has not yet been widely adopted, resulting in a significant disconnect between actual construction schedules and designed construction schedules. Project management departments typically compare construction progress by carefully reviewing large amounts of progress information (sometimes confusing the latest progress requirements with the latest plans), assigning a large number of personnel to conduct inspections and comparisons in different areas, and then summarizing the results for project managers. This method is not only costly and labor-intensive, but also collects little information. It is also prone to errors caused by personal factors, resulting in inaccurate comparison information. Project managers themselves have limited information storage. For large projects, it is often impossible to record progress comparisons for all construction areas in real time. This leads to delays in material and equipment procurement planning, cross-disciplinary coordination, and communication and disclosure of design changes, further affecting the construction schedule. Furthermore, cross-construction between different disciplines is common in practice. On-site construction also frequently involves the occupation of construction sites to meet deadlines due to lack of understanding of each other's progress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for managing the progress of electromechanical engineering projects in virtual construction, which is used to solve the problem that the existing virtual construction technology is difficult to apply to engineering quantity calculation in actual projects.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention includes the following technical solutions:

[0006] A mechanical and electrical engineering progress management method for virtual construction, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of the building to be constructed, the three-dimensional digital model of the building including geometric shape and size information of the mechanical and electrical components;

[0008] Step 2: the operator is equipped with a handheld terminal and an MR device to enter the construction site, the handheld terminal being installed with MR software and preset with the three-dimensional digital model of the building; the MR device including smart glasses and an operating handle; a position acquisition device is arranged at the construction site to accurately position the position of the operator and transmit the position information to the handheld terminal, and the smart glasses can determine the orientation of the operator and transmit the orientation to the handheld terminal;

[0009] Step 3: the handheld terminal matches the position information of the operator with the coordinate of the three-dimensional digital model according to the position information and the orientation of the operator; the three-dimensional digital model of the building within the field of view is determined according to the orientation of the operator and the set angle of view, and is projected onto the smart glasses, so that the three-dimensional digital model of the building seen and the real scene are accurately matched;

[0010] Step 4: the operator points to the actual completed work surface through the operating handle, and a laser beam is displayed in the smart glasses to irradiate the mechanical and electrical components, the point position information of the irradiation point is marked in the three-dimensional digital model of the building to mark the completed virtual work surface, and the accuracy percentage is set in the handheld terminal;

[0011] Step 5: the handheld terminal counts the daily work amount according to the completed virtual work surface marked in the three-dimensional digital model of the building.

[0012] Further, the mechanical and electrical component is a pipeline-shaped component, and in step 4, the point position information of the irradiation point is collected to obtain the completed virtual work surface in the three-dimensional digital model of the building, which is realized by the following way:

[0013] The operating handle points to the completed work surface of the mechanical and electrical component, and the laser beam in the MR software forms an irradiation point on the component, assuming that the coordinate of the operating handle is p s1 =(x s1 ,y s1 ,z s1 ), the coordinate of the irradiation point of the laser beam is p e1 =(x e1 ,y e1 ,z e1 ), and the coordinates of the two end points of the axis of the mechanical and electrical component are p s2 =(x s2 ,y s2 ,z s2 ) and p e2 =(x e2 ,y e2 ,z e2 ).

[0014] When the irradiation point is on the axis of the electromechanical component, [(p s1 -p e1 )×(p s1 -p s2 )]·(p s2 -p e2 )=0, calculate the position of the intersection coordinates on the axis, and the cross section at the intersection is used as the virtual working surface.

[0015] Furthermore, the electromechanical component is an area-based component. In step 4, the position information of the irradiation point is collected to obtain the completed virtual working surface in the three-dimensional digital model of the building, which is achieved by the following method:

[0016] The operating handle points to the currently completed working surface to form a closed polygon, which is the virtual working surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the electromechanical component is a large-scale device composed of a combination of parts. In step 4, the position information of the irradiation point is collected to obtain the completed virtual working surface in the three-dimensional digital model of the building, which is achieved by the following method:

[0018] The operator uses the operating handle to point to the completed parts of the large equipment and mark them as completed, and points to the unfinished parts and marks them as unfinished. The interface between the completed parts and the adjacent unfinished parts is the virtual working surface.

[0019] Furthermore, after counting the workload completed each day, the total progress Z is calculated. 总 ,in,

[0020]

[0021] Among them, P j is the workload of the jth electromechanical component; k is the total number of completed electromechanical components; B i is the workload of the i-th electromechanical component; n is the total number of all electromechanical components; C is the current workload of the k+1-th electromechanical component; and s is the percentage of the completed workload of the k+1-th electromechanical component.

[0022] Furthermore, after counting the workload completed each day, the material requirement M is calculated. X , the kth electromechanical component has been completed, and the k+1th electromechanical component is the electromechanical component under construction or to be constructed, among which,

[0023]

[0024] Among them, M k+1 is the material amount of the k+1th electromechanical component, s is the percentage of the completed work of the k+1th electromechanical component; M iQi is the material quantity of the i-th electromechanical component, and n is the total number of all electromechanical components.

[0025] Further, after the amount of work completed daily is counted, the moving average method is used to predict the progress G1, G2, G3 of the next three days, and it is judged whether it meets the progress plan, wherein,

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] P1, P2, and P3 are the progress completed on the first day, the second day, and the third day, respectively.

[0030] The electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction provided by the present application has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the operator wears the MR device to enter the site, the operation handle can be used to collect the completed work surface, the virtual work surface is formed in the MR software, and then the completed work amount is calculated, thereby improving the intelligent, digital, and integrated management degree of the construction site and improving the construction management efficiency. Through the engineering quantity statistics, the engineering progress deviation can be obtained, the future material demand and cost can be calculated, and the time and human error of the project manager for comparison and analysis are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 The flowchart of the electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction provided by the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present application will be clearer in combination with the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are very simplified and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the purpose of assisting the description of the embodiments of the present application.

[0033] Embodiment one

[0034] As shown in the figure, the electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction provided by the present embodiment comprises: Figure 1 Step 1: establishing a three-dimensional digital model of a building to be constructed, the three-dimensional digital model of the building comprising geometric shape and size information of electromechanical components;

[0035]

[0036] ​Step 2: the operator is equipped with a hand-held terminal and MR equipment, the hand-held terminal is installed with MR software and is preset with the three-dimensional digital model of the building; the MR equipment includes smart glasses and an operation handle; a position acquisition device is arranged at the construction site to accurately position the position of the operator and transmit the position information to the hand-held terminal, and the smart glasses can determine the orientation of the operator and transmit the orientation to the hand-held terminal;

[0037] Step 3: the hand-held terminal matches the position information of the operator with the coordinate of the three-dimensional digital model according to the position information and the orientation of the operator; the three-dimensional digital model of the building in the field of view is determined according to the orientation of the operator and the set visual angle, and is projected onto the smart glasses, so that the three-dimensional digital model of the building seen and the real scene are accurately matched;

[0038] Step 4: the operator points to the actual completed work surface through the operation handle, a laser beam is displayed in the smart glasses to irradiate the electromechanical component, the point position information of the irradiation point is marked in the three-dimensional digital model of the building to mark the completed virtual work surface, and the accuracy percentage is set in the hand-held terminal;

[0039] Step 5: the hand-held terminal counts the daily completed work amount according to the completed virtual work surface marked in the three-dimensional digital model of the building.

[0040] It should be noted that MR is the abbreviation of Mixed Reality, which means mixed reality. The mixed reality technology is a further development of virtual reality technology, which combines the real world and the virtual world to generate a new visual environment, in which physical and digital objects coexist and interact in real time. The common carrier of virtual reality is smart glasses, and the smart glasses that can be applied have appeared in the market, so that the operator can see half of the reality and half of the virtual image. The operation handle can increase the interactivity and improve the interactive experience, and a laser beam is displayed in the smart glasses by pointing to the surface of the object through the operation handle, one end of the laser beam irradiates the surface of the object. The present application realizes the collection of the completed work surface of the electromechanical component by using the MR technology. At present, the MR technology is mainly applied to game experience, and the MR technology is applied to the building field in the present application for the work of counting the engineering quantity and calculating the progress deviation. Of course, the smart glasses can also be made into a helmet type or other forms, which are all within the protection scope of the present application. The smart glasses itself can measure the direction information such as rotation, forward movement and backward movement of the operator, which can be realized by using the existing technology, and the principle thereof will not be described herein.

[0041] It should be noted that the position collection device is used to position the construction personnel in the present application. When located indoors, UWB positioning technology, Bluetooth positioning technology, or infrared positioning technology can be used, or a positioning method based on vslam visual navigation technology can be used to collect signals of a handheld terminal or signals of an MR device for positioning. The specific positioning form is not limited. When located outdoors, Beidou or GPS positioning can be used. This positioning technology has sub-meter or even centimeter-level positioning accuracy and is relatively low in cost.

[0042] It should be noted that the handheld terminal includes a mobile phone, and the mobile phone is installed with MR software. The software can display a three-dimensional digital model of a building and can modify the three-dimensional digital model of the building through an operation interface, including but not limited to setting colors of mechanical and electrical components, setting completed work surfaces, and setting accuracy percentages. Of course, the handheld terminal can also be a specially developed handheld device.

[0043] It should be noted that the virtual work surface formed by the point position of the collected light rays may deviate from the actual work surface when the operation handle is pointed to the actual completed work surface. Therefore, the accuracy percentage is set to adjust the virtual work surface to better reflect the actual situation.

[0044] The point position information of the irradiation point is collected to obtain a completed work surface in a three-dimensional digital model of a building. This can be achieved in the following ways:

[0045] (1) For linear components such as pipes, an operator uses an operation handle to point to the current completed point, and the hand coordinate is p s1 =(x s1 ,y s1 ,z s1 ) . The laser irradiation point coordinate p e1 =(x e1 ,y e1 ,z e1 ) . At this time, the end points of the component axis in the MR are p s2 =(x s2 ,y s2 ,z s2 ) and p e2 =(x e2 ,y e2 ,z e2 ) . When the MR detects that the laser line intersects the mechanical and electrical component axis, that is, [(p s1 -p e1 )×(p s1 -p s2 )]·(p s2 -p e2When the value of the equation is 0, the coordinates of the intersection point on the axis are calculated, and the cross section at the intersection point is taken as the virtual working surface. The percentage of the intersection point coordinates on the axis is calculated, which is the progress of the electromechanical component.

[0046] (2) For area components such as suspended ceilings. The operation handle points to the currently completed working surface to form a closed polygon, which is the virtual working surface. The ratio of the area of the polygon to the total area of the electromechanical component is calculated, which is the progress value.

[0047] (3) For large equipment composed of components. The operator uses the operation handle to point to the completed component of the large equipment to mark it as completed, and to point to the uncompleted component to mark it as uncompleted. The interface between the completed component and the adjacent uncompleted component is the virtual working surface. Then the total progress of the large equipment is calculated, and the ratio of the working capacity of the component contained on the completed side of the virtual working surface to the total amount of the large equipment is calculated, which is the total progress. Of course, the completed component and the uncompleted component can also be distinguished by color, and the completed component or the uncompleted component can also be highlighted.

[0048] Further, after the daily completed working capacity is counted, the total progress Z 总 is calculated, wherein,

[0049]

[0050] wherein, P j is the working capacity of the jth electromechanical component; k is the total number of completed electromechanical components; B i is the working capacity of the ith electromechanical component; n is the total number of all electromechanical components; C is the working capacity of the current k+1th electromechanical component; and s is the percentage of the completed working capacity of the k+1th electromechanical component.

[0051] Further, after the daily completed working capacity is counted, the material requirement M X is calculated, the kth electromechanical component has been completed, and the k+1th electromechanical component is under construction or to be constructed, wherein,

[0052]

[0053] wherein, M k+1 is the material quantity of the k+1th electromechanical component, and s is the percentage of the completed working capacity of the k+1th electromechanical component; M i is the material quantity of the ith electromechanical component, and n is the total number of all electromechanical components. According to the material requirement, the material supply list is adjusted.

[0054] Further, after the daily completed working capacity is counted, the progress G1, G2, G3 of the next 3 days is predicted using the moving average method, and whether it meets the progress plan is judged, wherein,

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] P1, P2, and P3 are the progress achieved on the first, second, and third days, respectively. Adjust the schedule based on the predicted progress.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A super-high-rise building, initially designed to reach nearly 400 meters, is under construction in the heart of a city in Zhejiang Province. Currently, the extensive, simultaneous mechanical and electrical engineering work involves the installation of various water pipes, air ducts, and cable trays in the office areas on floors 40 to 60, as well as the laying of intelligent small-scale pipelines, large-scale cables, and the installation of various units on the equipment floors. To ensure the general contractor and the construction company are aware of the progress and current issues of the mechanical and electrical project, the mechanical and electrical project manager, who does not have time to inspect each floor after the completion of the work that day, has arranged for the heads of various disciplines to conduct progress inspections of the specific construction floors and equipment floors from 4:00 to 6:00 PM.

[0061] Wang, an HVAC administrator, arrived at the 42nd floor office area with a handheld terminal and MR equipment. He confirmed that the location on the platform matched his real-time location. The 3D digital model of the building indicated the physical amount of ductwork required for today's installation in that area, and generated a virtual MR perspective. After an inspection, he discovered that nearly 20 meters of ductwork could not be installed in the northwest corner of the core due to the delayed removal of the full-height scaffolding erected by the fire department. Therefore, he used the handheld device to mark the area of ​​incomplete ductwork in the MR. He also discovered that the riser in the northeast duct shaft had been constructed to that floor, while the planned completion time for this area was two days. Using the operating handle, he indicated the actual completed area, and the quantity calculation automatically determined the difference in work completed ahead of schedule.

[0062] After Wang's inspection to the 45th floor, he found that the 4m section of the air pipe pipeline on the south side of the core tube was not consistent with the design. After confirming the deviation through the MR virtual perspective, he uploaded the unreasonable pipeline range on the platform and changed the pipeline to green through the corresponding setting on the platform. He also uploaded the photos of the actual comparison with the MR virtual perspective and contacted the construction team the next day for confirmation and modification. Since there were no other locations that were significantly inconsistent with the design progress, Wang revised the construction plan for the next 5 days and the system automatically adjusted the approximate material requirements for different sizes of air pipe sections, reducers, tees, angle flanges, and bolts for the next 5 days. Wang confirmed the generated material requisition and it was in a pending state. The system automatically calculated the daily plan for the air pipe construction on the 55th floor for the next 3 days based on the modified progress and obtained Wang's confirmation.

[0063] After Wang's inspection to the 55th floor, he found that the air conditioning box foundation constructed by the civil engineering unit had been completed and the air conditioning box was ready for hoisting and installation. He searched for the information of the air conditioning box equipment and found that the small fan for hoisting was in transit and would not affect the progress. However, the processing and manufacturing of the air conditioning box had not been completed. Through the above operation, it was clear that the air conditioning box should be installed within the next 7 days. Wang provided the relevant information through the handheld terminal, and the position of the air conditioning box foundation in the three-dimensional digital model of the building became red. Through Wang's setting, the material department received a message that a certain type of air conditioning box should be ordered from the manufacturer in a timely manner. After comparing and confirming the information, the material department contacted the manufacturer in a timely manner.

[0064] After all the professional engineers' inspections, the project manager opened the background server and carefully browsed the actual progress of each specialty through color differentiation, which made it easier to identify the specific leading and lagging workload areas of each specialty. At the same time, the cost calculation function showed that the progress was about 3% ahead of schedule, but the cost was about 10% over budget. In the future, further optimization of labor organization and mechanical proportioning in different areas should be carried out to achieve the goal of saving and reducing costs. At the same time, the project manager focused on the red part of the information provided by the platform and summarized the conflicts between different mechanical and electrical specialties and different engineering categories. The next morning, he made a deployment on the construction conflicts within the mechanical and electrical departments and shared the information with the project general contractor and the construction party. He learned about several construction contents that required the cooperation of the civil engineering, decoration, and curtain wall units. The general contractor verified the information through pictures and made overall coordination.

[0065] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any way. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not contradict, they should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0066] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for managing the progress of electromechanical engineering projects for virtual construction, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Create a 3D digital model of the building to be constructed, which includes the geometric shape and size information of the electromechanical components; Step 2: The operator enters the construction site equipped with a handheld terminal and MR equipment. The handheld terminal is installed with MR software and has a preset 3D digital model of the building. The MR equipment includes smart glasses and an operating handle. A position acquisition device is installed at the construction site to accurately locate the operator's position and transmit the position information to the handheld terminal. The smart glasses can determine the operator's direction and transmit the information to the handheld terminal. Step 3: The handheld terminal aligns the operator's location information with the coordinates of the 3D digital model based on the operator's location information and orientation. The handheld terminal also determines the 3D digital model of the building within the field of view based on the operator's orientation and set viewing angle, and projects it onto the smart glasses, ensuring a precise match between the 3D digital model of the building and the real scene. Step 4: The operator points to the actual completed work surface with the operating handle. The smart glasses will display a laser beam shining towards the electromechanical component. The operator collects the position information of the irradiation point to obtain the completed virtual work surface in the 3D digital model of the building. The operator then sets the accuracy percentage on the handheld terminal. Step 5: The handheld terminal counts the daily workload based on the completed virtual work surfaces marked in the 3D digital model of the building; The point information of the irradiation points is collected to obtain the completed working surface in the 3D digital model of the building. This is achieved by: (1) For linear components: The operator uses the operating handle to point to the currently completed point. Let the coordinate of the hand be p s1 =(x s1 ,y s1 ,z s1 ), the coordinates of the laser line irradiation point p e1 =(x e1 ,y e1 ,z e1 ), at this time, the two end points of the component axis in MR are p s2 =(x s2 ,y s2 ,z s2 ) and p e2 =(x e2 ,y e2 ,z e2 ); When MR detects that the laser line intersects the axis of the electromechanical component, that is, [(p s1 -p e1 )×(p s1 -p s2 )]·(p s2 -p e2 )=0, calculate the position of the intersection coordinate on the axis, and the cross section at the intersection is used as the virtual working surface; calculate the percentage of the intersection coordinate on the axis, which is the progress of the electromechanical component; (2) For area-based components: the operating handle points to the currently completed working surface to form a closed polygon, which is the virtual working surface; the ratio of the polygon area to the total area of ​​the electromechanical component is calculated, which is the progress value; (3) For large equipment composed of components: the operator uses the operating handle to point to the completed components of the large equipment and mark them as completed, and points to the unfinished components and marks them as unfinished. The interface between the completed components and the adjacent unfinished components is the virtual working surface. Then the total progress of the large equipment is calculated, and the ratio of the component workload included in the completed side of the virtual working surface to the total workload of the large equipment is calculated, which is the total progress. After counting the workload completed each day, calculate the total progress Z 总 ,in, ， in, P j For the j The workload of each electromechanical component; k is the total number of completed electromechanical components; B i For the i The workload of each electromechanical component; n is the total number of all electromechanical components; C For the current k +1 workload for electromechanical components; s For the k +1 Percentage of work completed on the electromechanical component.

2. The electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: After counting the workload completed each day, calculate the material requirements M X , completed k Electromechanical components, k +1 electromechanical component is under construction or to be constructed, among which, ； in, M k+1 For the k +1 electromechanical component material quantity, s For the k +1 percentage of completed work on electromechanical components; M i For the i The amount of material of each electromechanical component, n is the total number of all electromechanical components.

3. The electromechanical engineering progress management method for virtual construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: After counting the workload completed each day, use the moving average method to predict the progress of the next three days G 1. G 2. G 3. Determine whether the schedule is met, including: ， ， ， in, P 1. P 2. P 3 represents the progress completed on the first, second, and third days respectively.

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