A reconfigurable liquid dielectric rod antenna

Abstract

This invention discloses a liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization, comprising an antenna housing, a metal waveguide, a loading container, an RF coaxial probe, and a metal cylinder. The antenna housing is mounted on the metal waveguide, with helical first to third channels arranged along its axis. The loading container has excitation channels passing through its two sides and sealed to the container. The metal waveguide encloses the loading container and has mounting holes communicating with the excitation channels. The inner conductor of the RF coaxial probe extends into the excitation channels and connects to the metal cylinder. The loading container is filled with dimethyl silicone oil. When tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first channel, the dielectric rod antenna operates in circular polarization mode; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first to third channels simultaneously, the dielectric rod antenna operates in linear polarization mode. This invention solves the problem that traditional dielectric rod antennas can only operate in a single polarization mode, and has great potential in future wireless communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern communication technology, antennas are showing a trend towards ultra-wideband, high-capacity, and multi-functionality. To reduce costs and improve the electromagnetic compatibility of electronic systems, reconfigurable antennas are receiving increasing attention. However, research on the reconfigurability of high-gain end-fire antennas remains scarce. Traditional dielectric rod antennas operate in online polarization mode, exhibiting high gain and end-fire characteristics. When the dielectric rod has a complex helical groove structure, circular polarization can be achieved, but this places strict requirements on the dielectric constant, feed source, and fabrication. Because solid dielectrics cannot reconfigure the shape of the dielectric rod in real time, traditional dielectric rod antennas can only operate in a single polarization mode. Liquid materials, with their advantages of low cost, easy availability, conformability, good fluidity, and tunable characteristics, are highly suitable for research on liquid dielectric rod antennas with reconfigurable polarization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies mentioned in the background art by providing a liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization, which solves the problem that traditional dielectric rod antennas can only work in a single polarization mode.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A reconfigurable polarization liquid dielectric rod antenna includes an antenna housing, a metal waveguide, a loading container, an RF coaxial probe, and a metal cylinder;

[0006] The antenna housing is a vertically arranged frustum, with a spiral first channel along its axis inside, and spiral second and third channels symmetrically arranged around the first spiral channel on its side wall.

[0007] The upper surface of the antenna housing is provided with at least one antenna medium injection hole for injecting medium, corresponding to the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel.

[0008] The loading container is a hollow cuboid, including an upper end face, a lower end face, and first to fourth side faces connected end to end in sequence; the loading container is provided with an excitation pipe that passes through its first side face and third side face in sequence and is sealed to the loading container, and the excitation pipe is parallel to the upper end face of the loading container.

[0009] The metal waveguide is a hollow cuboid with an open top, which is wrapped around the loading container and has mounting holes that communicate with the excitation pipe.

[0010] The radio frequency coaxial probe is fixed on the mounting hole of the metal waveguide, and its inner conductor extends into the excitation channel and is connected to the metal cylinder to input the excitation signal to the metal cylinder.

[0011] The lower end face of the antenna housing and the upper end face of the loading container are coaxially fixed together; the loading container is filled with dimethyl silicone oil.

[0012] The first to third channels are used for injecting tetrahydrofuran; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first channel, the dielectric rod antenna operates in circular polarization mode; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first, second, and third channels simultaneously, the dielectric rod antenna operates in linear polarization mode.

[0013] As a further optimization of the polarization-reconfigurable liquid dielectric rod antenna of the present invention, the upper end face of the loading container is provided with at least one loading medium injection hole for injecting dimethyl silicone oil into the loading container.

[0014] As a further optimization of the reconfigurable polarization liquid dielectric rod antenna of the present invention, the distance from the second and third channels in the antenna housing to their sidewalls is 1.5mm, the length, width, and height of the metal waveguide are 43mm, 76mm, and 85mm, respectively, and the wall thickness of the metal waveguide is 5mm.

[0015] As a further optimization of the reconfigurable polarization liquid dielectric rod antenna of the present invention, the distance between the axis of the excitation pipe and the lower end face of the metal waveguide is 30mm; the diameter of the metal cylinder is 8mm and the length is 12mm; and the inner conductor of the RF coaxial probe extends into the excitation pipe for a length of 13mm.

[0016] As a further optimization of the reconfigurable polarization liquid dielectric rod antenna of the present invention, the radius of the lower end face of the antenna housing is 28mm, the radius of the upper end face is 12mm, and the height is 230mm.

[0017] As a further optimization of the reconfigurable polarization liquid dielectric rod antenna of the present invention, the antenna housing is made of transparent resin material with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0019] 1. This invention utilizes the fluidity of liquid medium materials to reshape the shape of a dielectric rod by loading with a liquid medium, and can switch between circular polarization and linear polarization operating modes;

[0020] 2. This invention uses liquid dimethyl silicone oil and liquid tetrahydrofuran as the medium materials, which have the advantages of low material cost and easy availability;

[0021] 3. This invention utilizes dimethyl silicone oil, a low-loss liquid material, as the dielectric loading medium for metal waveguides, significantly reducing the size of the metal waveguides. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in the circular polarization working mode;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in its online polarization working mode;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention in circular polarization working mode;

[0026] Figure 5 This invention relates to the S-mode in both online polarization and circular polarization operating modes. 11 Curve simulation comparison chart;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the axial ratio of the present invention in circular polarization mode;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a simulation comparison of the maximum gain versus frequency in the online polarization operating mode and the circular polarization operating mode of this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the normalized direction of the simulation at 2.2 GHz in the circular polarization working mode of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the normalized direction of the simulation at 2.2 GHz in the online polarization working mode of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure, 1-antenna housing, 2-antenna dielectric injection hole, 3-first channel, 4-second channel, 5-third channel, 6-metal waveguide, 7-loading container, 8-feed probe, 9-loading dielectric injection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] This invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be considered limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully express the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are enlarged for clarity.

[0034] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, and / or parts, these elements, components, and / or parts are not limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish elements, components, and / or parts from one another. Therefore, the first element, component, and / or part discussed below may be a second element, component, or part without departing from the teachings of this invention.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization, including an antenna housing, a metal waveguide, a loading container, an RF coaxial probe, and a metal cylinder;

[0036] The antenna housing is a vertically arranged frustum, with a spiral first channel along its axis inside, and spiral second and third channels symmetrically arranged around the first spiral channel on its side wall.

[0037] The upper surface of the antenna housing is provided with at least one antenna medium injection hole for injecting medium, corresponding to the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel.

[0038] The loading container is a hollow cuboid, including an upper end face, a lower end face, and first to fourth side faces connected end to end in sequence; the loading container is provided with an excitation pipe that passes through its first side face and third side face in sequence and is sealed to the loading container, and the excitation pipe is parallel to the upper end face of the loading container.

[0039] The metal waveguide is a hollow cuboid with an open top, which is wrapped around the loading container and has mounting holes that communicate with the excitation pipe.

[0040] The radio frequency coaxial probe is fixed on the mounting hole of the metal waveguide, and its inner conductor extends into the excitation channel and is connected to the metal cylinder to input the excitation signal to the metal cylinder.

[0041] The lower end face of the antenna housing and the upper end face of the loading container are coaxially fixed together; the loading container is filled with dimethyl silicone oil.

[0042] The first to third channels are used for injecting tetrahydrofuran; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first channel, the dielectric rod antenna operates in circular polarization mode; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first, second, and third channels simultaneously, the dielectric rod antenna operates in linear polarization mode.

[0043] The upper end face of the loading container is provided with at least one loading medium injection hole for injecting dimethyl silicone oil into the loading container.

[0044] The distance from the second and third channels in the antenna housing to their sidewalls is 1.5 mm. The length, width, and height of the metal waveguide are 43 mm, 76 mm, and 85 mm, respectively, and the wall thickness of the metal waveguide is 5 mm.

[0045] The distance between the axis of the excitation channel and the lower end face of the metal waveguide is 30mm; the diameter of the metal cylinder is 8mm and the length is 12mm; the inner conductor of the RF coaxial probe extends into the excitation channel for 13mm.

[0046] The antenna housing has a lower end face radius of 28mm, an upper end face radius of 12mm, and a height of 230mm; the bottom tangential radius of the second and third channels is 19mm, and the tangential angle of the gradual attenuation is 2.3°.

[0047] Dimethyl silicone oil, a liquid dielectric material, is an insulating material with very low dielectric loss, exhibiting a dielectric constant of approximately 2.6 and a loss tangent below 0.006 within the 1.5 GHz–4 GHz range. Injecting dimethyl silicone oil into a loading container and placing it within a rectangular metal waveguide increases the internal electrical dimensions of the waveguide, effectively reducing its overall size and allowing for better contact with the bottom surface of the dielectric rod for feeding. Tetrahydrofuran, a solvent with a dielectric constant of approximately 7.5 and a loss tangent below 0.06 within the 1.5 GHz–4 GHz range, provides the circularly polarized dielectric rod with a greater ability to deflect electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, both dimethyl silicone oil and tetrahydrofuran are transparent liquids. The antenna housing is made of a transparent resin material with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first channel, the dielectric rod antenna operates in circular polarization mode. At this time, the antenna is fed using a liquid-medium loaded metal waveguide, which operates in TE mode. 10 The mode involves the antenna radiating a circularly polarized wave. The specific internal structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first, second, and third channels simultaneously, the dielectric rod antenna operates in line polarization mode. At this time, the antenna is fed by a metal waveguide loaded with liquid dielectric, and the radiating part of the antenna is a traditional graded dielectric rod that radiates line polarized waves.

[0050] The application effects of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to simulation.

[0051] Figure 5 The simulation of S in this invention is given. 11The graph shows the relationship between frequency and signal strength. It can be seen that, in circular polarization mode, the antenna in the 2.03 GHz-2.8 GHz frequency band... 11 Typical values ​​are less than -10 dB; under online polarization, the antenna operates in the 2.01 GHz–2.81 GHz frequency band, S 11 A typical value of less than -10 dB indicates a good match between the waveguide and the dielectric rod.

[0052] Figure 6 The relationship between axial ratio and frequency in the simulated circular polarization mode of this invention is presented. It can be seen that the antenna axial ratio is less than 3 dB in the range of 2.1 GHz to 3.22 GHz, indicating that the antenna has good circular polarization performance in this frequency band.

[0053] Figure 7 The relationship between maximum gain and frequency in the simulated circular and linear polarization modes of this invention is presented. It can be seen that in the circular polarization mode, the maximum gain within the -10 dB bandwidth is 8.1 dBi; in the linear polarization mode, the maximum gain within the -10 dB bandwidth is 4 dBi; the antenna exhibits good radiation characteristics.

[0054] Figure 8 shows the normalized radiation pattern of the circularly polarized mode simulated at 2.2 GHz. It can be seen that the antenna has good directivity and small sidelobes.

[0055] Figure 9 shows the normalized radiation pattern of the linear polarization mode simulated at 2.2 GHz; it can be seen that the antenna has a wide main lobe and a small side lobe.

[0056] In summary, this invention achieves reconfigurable antenna polarization within the 2.1 GHz-2.8 GHz frequency band. This design fully utilizes the dielectric properties, loading characteristics, and fluidity of liquid materials, and can be applied to wireless communication.

[0057] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0058] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization, characterized in that, Includes antenna housing, metal waveguide, loading container, RF coaxial probe, and metal cylinder; The antenna housing is a vertically arranged frustum, with a spiral first channel along its axis inside, and spiral second and third channels symmetrically arranged around the first spiral channel on its side wall. The upper surface of the antenna housing is provided with at least one antenna medium injection hole for injecting medium, corresponding to the first channel, the second channel, and the third channel. The loading container is a hollow cuboid, including an upper end face, a lower end face, and first to fourth side faces connected end to end in sequence; the loading container is provided with an excitation pipe that passes through its first side face and third side face in sequence and is sealed to the loading container, and the excitation pipe is parallel to the upper end face of the loading container. The metal waveguide is a hollow cuboid with an open top, which is wrapped around the loading container and has mounting holes that communicate with the excitation pipe. The radio frequency coaxial probe is fixed on the mounting hole of the metal waveguide, and its inner conductor extends into the excitation channel and is connected to the metal cylinder to input the excitation signal to the metal cylinder. The lower end face of the antenna housing and the upper end face of the loading container are coaxially fixed together; the loading container is filled with dimethyl silicone oil. The first to third channels are used for injecting tetrahydrofuran; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first channel, the dielectric rod antenna operates in circular polarization mode; when tetrahydrofuran is injected into the first, second, and third channels simultaneously, the dielectric rod antenna operates in linear polarization mode.

2. The liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the loading container is provided with at least one loading medium injection hole for injecting dimethyl silicone oil into the loading container.

3. The liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the second and third channels in the antenna housing to their sidewalls is 1.5mm. The length, width, and height of the metal waveguide are 43mm, 76mm, and 85mm, respectively, and the wall thickness of the metal waveguide is 5mm.

4. The liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to claim 3, characterized in that, The distance between the axis of the excitation channel and the lower end face of the metal waveguide is 30mm; the diameter of the metal cylinder is 8mm and the length is 12mm; the inner conductor of the RF coaxial probe extends into the excitation channel for 13mm.

5. The liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to claim 4, characterized in that, The antenna housing has a lower end face radius of 28mm, an upper end face radius of 12mm, and a height of 230mm.

6. The liquid dielectric rod antenna with reconfigurable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna housing is made of transparent resin material with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

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