A photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive properties and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics for capturing sunlight and its preparation method, belonging to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology. It solves the technical problems of existing photovoltaic glass, such as small light-collecting area, poor visual effect, mutual constraints between light transmittance and power generation efficiency, and installation being severely limited by solar temporal variations. The nanograting structure prepared by this invention possesses polarization-sensitive properties that effectively enhance light absorption, removing the limitation of solar temporal variations on installation tilt angle, thereby reducing installation costs and increasing building power generation. Simultaneously, by optimizing the grating period, spacing, and height, the light transmittance / power generation ratio in the photovoltaic glass can be adjusted, meeting different user needs at a lower cost. The excellent energy-saving effect (good light-collecting effect, high power generation), low installation cost, and high economic applicability of this structure make it promising for applications in photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic windows, photovoltaic roofs, and other building fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] As the proportion of energy consumption in global energy consumption continues to rise, the concept of building energy conservation is gaining increasing attention. Solar energy, with its abundant sources, green and renewable nature, and lack of geographical limitations, can meet the enormous energy consumption demands of buildings. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), achieved by combining photovoltaic cells with buildings, is an effective way to achieve building energy conservation.

[0003] Photovoltaic glass enables the integration of buildings and photovoltaics, offering advantages such as economy, aesthetics, land conservation, and reduced energy consumption, thus gaining widespread use in building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Currently, the most common photovoltaic glass types are crystalline silicon photovoltaic glass and thin-film photovoltaic glass. Crystalline silicon photovoltaic glass suffers from problems such as small light-receiving area, uneven light distribution, and poor visual effects, making it difficult to meet the lighting requirements of buildings. Thin-film photovoltaic glass, on the other hand, achieves uniform light transmission by reducing the thickness of the effective absorption layer, sacrificing some conversion efficiency; therefore, light transmittance and photoelectric conversion efficiency are mutually restrictive. Furthermore, current photovoltaic glass is significantly affected by the incident light angle and installation tilt angle, making it difficult to overcome the influence of the temporal characteristics of sunlight, thus compromising energy-saving performance and economic viability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention designs a photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics, achieving high energy efficiency (good lighting effect and high power generation) in buildings and reducing installation costs. It solves the technical problems of existing photovoltaic glass, such as small lighting area, poor visual effect, mutual restriction between light transmittance and power generation efficiency, and installation being severely limited by solar time-domain variations. It achieves the building's high-efficiency light transmittance and stable power generation requirements with low cost and high adaptability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention discloses a photovoltaic glass for capturing sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics, comprising a transparent glass substrate, a micro / nano grating region in the middle of the transparent glass substrate, and electrode groove regions at both ends; the micro / nano grating region includes several battery groove regions and non-battery groove regions, which are arranged alternately; the electrode groove regions include an upper electrode groove and a lower electrode groove; a bottom transparent electrode is provided on the battery groove region and the electrode groove region; a transparent insulating layer is provided above the upper electrode groove and the lower electrode groove; a thin-film photovoltaic cell is provided above the bottom transparent electrode located on the battery groove region; and a top transparent electrode is provided above the transparent insulating layer and the thin-film photovoltaic cell.

[0007] Furthermore, the bottom transparent electrode and the top transparent electrode are made of transparent conductive oxide, ultrathin metal or polymer material; the transparent insulating layer is made of polydimethylsiloxane.

[0008] Furthermore, the thin-film photovoltaic cell is a perovskite solar cell or an organic thin-film solar cell.

[0009] This invention also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Using the first mask, the transparent glass is micro- and nano-fabricated to obtain a transparent glass substrate with micro- and nano-grating regions and electrode groove regions;

[0011] Step 2: Using a second mask, a bottom transparent electrode is deposited on the transparent glass substrate obtained in Step 1 to obtain intermediate-processed photovoltaic glass;

[0012] Step 3: Using a third mask, fill the upper and lower electrode slots of the intermediate photovoltaic glass obtained in Step 2 with a transparent insulating layer to obtain the pre-treated photovoltaic glass;

[0013] Step 4: Using a fourth mask, prepare thin-film photovoltaic cells above the grating region in the pretreated photovoltaic glass obtained in Step 3 to obtain intermediate-formed photovoltaic glass;

[0014] Step 5: Using a second mask, deposit a top transparent electrode on the intermediate-shaped photovoltaic glass obtained in Step 4, and then perform a resist removal process to obtain a photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the micro-nano fabrication process includes ultraviolet lithography and electron beam exposure processes.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, the deposition method includes sputtering, vapor deposition, or chemical vapor deposition.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 3, the filling height of the transparent insulating layer is the thickness between the bottom transparent electrode and the top transparent electrode.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 5, the deposition method for the top transparent electrode includes sputtering, vapor deposition, or chemical vapor deposition.

[0019] 10. Further, in step 5, the adhesive removal process is to dissolve the functional layer above the non-battery slot region (62) of the micro / nano grating region (6) without damaging the battery slot region (61).

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention discloses a photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics. The photovoltaic glass is fabricated by etching a transparent glass substrate with micro / nano grating regions and electrode groove regions through micro / nano processing. Subsequently, thin-film photovoltaic cells are fabricated on this substrate to obtain a photovoltaic glass with a micro / nano grating structure. Employing high-efficiency thin-film photovoltaic cells further overcomes the variation in incident light intensity caused by different natural environments, enhancing the efficiency and stability of the photovoltaic module's output power. Simultaneously, its symmetrical structure and low-light characteristics allow it to simultaneously absorb and efficiently utilize indoor light sources, thus providing power to buildings even on cloudy days and at night. The micro / nano grating structure fabricated on the glass surface possesses polarization-sensitive characteristics, enhancing light absorption according to the polarization direction of light, achieving omnidirectional capture of incident light from multiple angles. This further overcomes the problems of high reflection loss and poor economic efficiency caused by variations in incident light angle and installation tilt angle limitations. Therefore, compared to traditional thin-film photovoltaic... Glass reduces the requirements for the light transmittance of thin-film photovoltaic cells, fundamentally eliminating the mutual constraint between the effective absorption layer thickness and light transmittance. Furthermore, the micro-nano grating structure can achieve minimal reflection loss and optimize the transmission and absorption ratio through adjustments to the period, spacing, and height. This simple adaptive characteristic can meet the lighting and power generation needs of different users at a lower cost, significantly improving the lighting and energy-saving effects of buildings. Simultaneously, regarding transmitted light entering the building interior, the micro-nano grating structure can achieve uniform light transmission throughout the building interior based on light diffraction, overcoming the limitations of the mutual constraint between photoelectric conversion efficiency and light transmittance in existing photovoltaic glass. This invention, while ensuring efficient low-light conversion, eliminates the mutual constraint between the effective absorption layer thickness and light transmittance of thin-film cells, achieving sufficient lighting and a continuous and stable power supply inside buildings. It features high conversion efficiency, good light transmittance, strong adaptability, and low manufacturing cost, and can be widely used in photovoltaic curtain walls, photovoltaic windows, photovoltaic roofs, and other fields.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom and top transparent electrodes are made of transparent conductive materials such as conductive oxides, ultrathin metals, and polymers. While ensuring the transparency of the photovoltaic glass, this allows for the effective collection of charge carriers on both sides and the power output of external load devices. The transparent insulating layer uses highly transparent non-conductive materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prevent short circuits between the upper and lower electrodes and ensure normal connection between the photovoltaic glass and the external load circuit. The thin-film photovoltaic cells use perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, which have high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good performance in low light conditions. This ensures high photoelectric conversion efficiency under different incident light intensities and improves the stability of power supply.

[0023] Furthermore, this invention discloses a method for preparing photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics. The method employs micro-nano processing techniques such as ultraviolet lithography and electron beam lithography to prepare transparent glass, enabling the simple and rapid acquisition of micro- and nano-grating regions on the transparent glass surface, thus achieving good light transmittance and the fabrication of thin-film photovoltaic cells. The sputtering, evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition methods used in the thin-film photovoltaic cell fabrication process can effectively deposit nano-regions, ensuring the feasibility of the method. Simultaneously, for the deposition of thin-film materials in different regions, deposition accuracy can be ensured by adjusting the mask, reducing the need for high-precision instruments and achieving considerable economic viability. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics disclosed in this invention features low cost, simplicity, mature technology, and diverse options, providing an innovative approach for the commercial production of high-efficiency photovoltaic glass. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a transparent glass substrate with micro / nano grating regions and electrode groove regions obtained in step 1 of the photovoltaic glass preparation method of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate-processed photovoltaic glass obtained in step 2 of the photovoltaic glass preparation method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pretreated photovoltaic glass obtained in step 3 of the photovoltaic glass preparation method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate forming photovoltaic glass obtained in step 4 of the photovoltaic glass preparation method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic glass obtained after depositing the top transparent electrode in step 5 of the photovoltaic glass preparation method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the photovoltaic glass fabricated based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the micro / nano grating region prepared according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the use of the first photomask;

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the use of a second mask.

[0033] Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing the use of a third mask.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the use of a fourth mask.

[0035] Wherein, 1-transparent glass substrate; 2-bottom transparent electrode; 3-transparent insulating layer; 4-thin-film photovoltaic cell; 5-top transparent electrode; 6-micro-nano grating area; 61-cell groove area; 62-non-cell groove area; 7-electrode groove area; 71-upper electrode groove; 72-lower electrode groove; 11-first mask; 12-second mask; 13-third mask; 14-fourth mask. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the terms and expressions used in the specification and claims are explained and defined in general below. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0037] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not in any way limit the scope of the invention, that is, the contents of the invention can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0038] In this document, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​within those ranges, including integers and fractions.

[0039] In this article, unless otherwise specified, “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” “has,” or similar terms cover the meanings of “composed of” and “mainly composed of,” for example, “A contains a” covers the meanings of “A contains a and others” and “A contains only a.”

[0040] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0041] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0042] The following examples use instruments and equipment conventional in the art. Experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. All raw materials used in the following examples are conventional commercially available products with specifications conventional in the art. In this specification and the following examples, unless otherwise specified, "%" refers to weight percentage, "parts" refers to parts by weight, and "ratio" refers to weight proportion.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A method for preparing photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive properties includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: As Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, a first mask plate 11 is used to perform micro-nano processing on transparent glass using photolithography; a transparent glass substrate 1 with micro-nano grating region 6 and electrode groove region 7 is obtained;

[0046] Step 2: As Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, using a second mask 12, a bottom transparent electrode 2 is deposited on the transparent glass substrate 1 obtained in step 1 by sputtering. The material of the transparent electrode 2 is a transparent conductive oxide indium tin oxide (ITO); thus, intermediate-processed photovoltaic glass is obtained.

[0047] Step 3: As Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, a third mask plate 13 is used to fill the upper electrode groove 71 and lower electrode groove 72 in the intermediate photovoltaic glass obtained in step 2 with a transparent insulating layer 3. The material of the transparent insulating layer 3 is methylsiloxane PDMS; thus, pre-treated photovoltaic glass is obtained.

[0048] Step 4: As Figure 4 and Figure 11As shown, a thin-film photovoltaic cell 4 is prepared above the micro / nano grating region 6 of the pretreated photovoltaic glass obtained in step 3 using a fourth mask plate 14. The thin-film photovoltaic cell 4 is a perovskite solar cell. From bottom to top, the layers are: indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive material obtained by magnetron sputtering, a hole transport layer (NiOx) obtained by atomic layer deposition, a perovskite absorber layer (FAPbI3) obtained by spin coating, and an electron transport layer (SnO2) obtained by sputtering.

[0049] Step 5: As Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, using a second mask 12, a top transparent electrode 5 is deposited on the micro / nano grating region 6 and electrode groove region 7 of the photovoltaic glass obtained in step 4 using chemical vapor deposition. The material of the transparent electrode 5 is ITO. The photoresist region is stripped to dissolve the deposited material on the non-cell groove region 62. A photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics is obtained.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for preparing photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight is disclosed. The difference between this method and Example 1 is that the thin-film photovoltaic cell 4 is an organic thin-film solar cell, while the other components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, resulting in a photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight.

[0052] The organic thin-film solar cell involved in this embodiment comprises four parts: a transparent conductive oxide, an electron blocking layer, an active absorption layer, and a cathode. From bottom to top, the organic thin-film solar cell consists of a sputtered transparent conductive oxide (ITO), a spin-coated electron blocking layer (PEDOT:PSS), a spin-coated active absorption layer (P3HT:CNT), and a vacuum-deposited aluminum cathode.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics for capturing sunlight and its preparation method differ from Example 1 in that: the method for depositing the bottom transparent electrode 2 is vapor deposition, and the bottom transparent electrode 2 is a transparent conductive oxide fluorine-doped indium oxide (FTO). The remaining components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] In this embodiment, the bottom transparent electrode 2 is FTO obtained by magnetron sputtering deposition.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] A photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics for capturing sunlight and its preparation method are disclosed. The difference between this and Example 1 is that the material of the top transparent electrode 5 is ultrathin metallic silver Ag, and the material of the bottom transparent electrode 2 is ultrathin metallic silver. The remaining components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, resulting in a photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics for capturing sunlight.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] A photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive properties for capturing sunlight and its preparation method are disclosed. The difference between this and Example 1 is that the transparent glass is processed using micro-nano fabrication, and the bottom transparent electrode 2 is made of the polymer material PEDOT:PSS. The remaining components and preparation methods are the same as in Example 1, resulting in a photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive properties for capturing sunlight.

[0060] The micro-nano fabrication method involved in this embodiment uses electron beam lithography to prepare patterns on the surface of transparent glass.

[0061] Example 6

[0062] A photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive properties for capturing sunlight and its preparation method are disclosed. The difference between this and Example 1 is that the adhesive removal solvent used in the adhesive removal process is the same as in Example 1.

[0063] The adhesive remover used in this embodiment is used to dissolve the material layer above the non-battery compartment area 62.

[0064] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization-sensitive properties, characterized in that, The device includes a transparent glass substrate (1), with a micro / nano grating region (6) in the middle and electrode groove regions (7) at both ends. The micro / nano grating region (6) includes several battery groove regions (61) and non-battery groove regions (62), which are interspersed. The electrode groove region (7) includes an upper electrode groove (71) and a lower electrode groove (72). A bottom transparent electrode (2) is provided on the battery groove region (61) and the electrode groove region (7). A transparent insulating layer (3) is provided above the upper electrode groove (71) and the lower electrode groove (72). A thin-film photovoltaic cell (4) is provided above the bottom transparent electrode (2) located on the battery groove region (61). A top transparent electrode (5) is provided above the transparent insulating layer (3) and the thin-film photovoltaic cell (4).

2. The photovoltaic glass for capturing sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom transparent electrode (2) and the top transparent electrode (5) are made of transparent conductive oxide, ultrathin metal or polymer material; the transparent insulating layer (3) is made of polydimethylsiloxane.

3. A photovoltaic glass for capturing sunlight based on polarization-sensitive characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thin-film photovoltaic cell (4) is a perovskite solar cell or an organic thin-film solar cell.

4. A method for preparing a photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight, as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Using the first mask plate (11), the transparent glass is micro-nano processed to obtain a transparent glass substrate (1) with a micro-nano grating region (6) and an electrode groove region (7); the micro-nano processing includes ultraviolet lithography and electron beam exposure processes; Step 2: Using a second mask (12), a bottom transparent electrode (2) is deposited on the transparent glass substrate (1) obtained in Step 1 to obtain intermediate-processed photovoltaic glass; Step 3: Using a third mask plate (13), a transparent insulating layer (3) is filled above the upper electrode groove (71) and lower electrode groove (72) in the intermediate photovoltaic glass obtained in Step 2 to obtain pre-treated photovoltaic glass; Step 4: Using the fourth mask plate (14), a thin-film photovoltaic cell (4) is prepared on the top of the pretreated photovoltaic glass obtained in step 3 to obtain the intermediate-formed photovoltaic glass; Step 5: Using the second mask plate (12), deposit the top transparent electrode (5) on the photovoltaic glass with intermediate forming process obtained in step 4, and then perform a resist removal process to obtain a photovoltaic glass that captures sunlight based on polarization sensitive characteristics; the resist removal process is to dissolve the functional layer above the non-battery slot area (62) of the micro-nano grating area (6) without damaging the battery slot area (61).

5. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 2, the deposition method includes sputtering, vapor deposition, or chemical vapor deposition.

6. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 3, the filling height of the transparent insulating layer (3) is the thickness between the bottom transparent electrode (2) and the top transparent electrode (5).

7. The method for preparing photovoltaic glass based on polarization-sensitive characteristics to capture sunlight according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 5, the deposition method of the top transparent electrode (5) includes sputtering, vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition.

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