A runoff area sediment collection device and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for collecting sediment in a runoff area. The device includes a sand collecting bucket, a collecting pipe, a drainage pipe and a flow meter. One end of the sand collecting bucket is connected to the runoff area, and the other end of the sand collecting bucket is provided with a drainage pipe. The drainage pipe is provided with a flow meter, and the flow meter is used to monitor runoff data. The sand collecting bucket includes an inner bucket, an outer bucket and a bucket cover. The inner bucket is nested and installed in the outer bucket. The inner bucket is detachably installed from top to bottom with a debris removal screen, an energy dissipation screen and a plurality of water filter screens, and a plurality of first drainage holes are provided at the position where the plurality of water filter screens are installed on the inner bucket, and a plurality of second drainage holes are provided at the position where the debris removal screen and the energy dissipation screen are installed on the inner bucket. The present invention sets the sand collecting bucket as a nested structure of an inner bucket and an outer bucket, and relies on the principles of the sorting effect of sediment in runoff, the sedimentation law of sediment in still water, etc. to separate sediment and runoff in muddy water runoff. The flow meter can also automatically monitor runoff data, and it is simpler to obtain periodic soil and water loss research data, and the monitoring data is more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water loss monitoring, and in particular to a runoff plot sediment collection device and method. Background Art

[0002] Most countries today adopt an extensive agricultural development model, which has led to widespread soil degradation problems. Soil erosion among soil degradation problems is one of the main environmental problems currently faced. Soil erosion can lead to a series of ecological and environmental problems that affect the sustainable development of society, such as the decline of agricultural productivity, widespread non-point source pollution, and fragile ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively measure the amount, rate, and distribution range of soil erosion in order to provide effective data support for soil erosion surveys, soil erosion mechanism research, soil erosion prediction model development, and soil and water conservation economic and environmental benefit evaluation. However, due to the slow and hidden nature of the occurrence and development of soil erosion, it is not easy to accurately, dynamically, and long-term monitor the amount, rate, and distribution range of soil erosion through measurement technology.

[0003] In the prior art, the runoff plot method is usually used to monitor soil and water loss. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the runoff plot includes a runoff plot, a water distribution tank and a collection trough set on the slope. The water distribution tank is connected to the runoff plot through a diversion pipe, and the collection trough is connected to the water distribution tank through a diversion pipe. The collection trough set at the bottom of the runoff plot is used to collect all surface runoff and eroded sediment. However, due to the limited spatial representativeness of the sample plot where the runoff plot is located, the runoff plot method is only suitable for monitoring soil and water loss in a small area at the slope scale. In addition, the acquisition of runoff data, sediment data and other data monitored by the runoff plot is cumbersome, and the accumulation of periodic soil and water loss research data or monitoring data takes a long time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a runoff plot sediment collection device and method to solve the problems in the prior art that the runoff plot method is only suitable for monitoring soil and water loss in a small area on the slope due to the limited spatial representativeness of the sample plot where the runoff plot is located, and the acquisition of runoff data, sediment data and other data monitored by the runoff plot is cumbersome, and the accumulation of periodic soil and water loss research data or monitoring data takes a long time.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a runoff area sediment collection device, comprising: at least one sand collecting bucket, a collecting pipe, a drainage pipe and a flow meter, wherein the sand collecting bucket is connected to the collecting trough of the runoff area, a drainage pipe is arranged at one end of the sand collecting bucket away from the runoff area, a flow meter is arranged in the drainage pipe, and the flow meter is used to monitor the runoff data flowing through the drainage pipe;

[0006] Wherein, at least one of the sand collecting buckets comprises an inner bucket, an outer bucket and a bucket cover, the inner bucket is nested and installed in the outer bucket, the bucket cover is provided at the open ends of the inner bucket and the outer bucket, and the diameter of the outer bucket is larger than the diameter of the inner bucket, and the diameter of the bucket cover is larger than the diameter of the outer bucket;

[0007] A debris removal screen, an energy dissipation screen and a plurality of water filter screens are detachably installed in the inner barrel from top to bottom, and a plurality of first drainage holes are opened at positions where the water filter screens are installed on the inner barrel, and a plurality of second drainage holes are opened at positions where the debris removal screen and the energy dissipation screen are installed on the inner barrel.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water filter screen includes a first water filter screen, a second water filter screen and a third water filter screen which are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, the aperture range of the first water filter screen is larger than the aperture range of the second water filter screen, and the aperture range of the second water filter screen is greater than or equal to the aperture range of the third water filter screen.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aperture range of the first water filter screen is 0.1mm-0.5mm or 0.05mm-0.1mm; the aperture range of the second water filter screen is 0.05mm-0.1mm or 0.01mm-0.05mm; the aperture range of the third water filter screen is 0.01mm-0.05mm.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy dissipation screen comprises a first energy dissipation screen and a second energy dissipation screen, the first energy dissipation screen and the second energy dissipation screen are installed perpendicular to each other, and the width of the strip holes of the energy dissipation screen ranges from 5mm to 15mm.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one flocculant release tube is further provided on the inner barrel wall, the flocculant release tube is detachably connected to the inner barrel wall, and the flocculant release tube is used for placing flocculants.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of flocculation holes are provided on the flocculant release tube, and the flocculation holes are used to release the melted flocculant.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flocculation holes have a diameter ranging from 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for collecting sediment in a runoff area, the method comprising:

[0015] The muddy runoff generated on the slope when soil erosion occurs is collected through the runoff collecting trough in the runoff area;

[0016] The muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, and a debris removal screen, an energy dissipation screen and a plurality of water filtering screens are sequentially installed in the inner barrel of the sand collecting bucket from top to bottom, the debris removal screen is used to remove impurities from the muddy water runoff, the energy dissipation screen is used to slow down the muddy water runoff, and the plurality of water filtering screens are used to perform multi-stage filtration on the muddy water runoff;

[0017] After mud and water separation, the mud in the muddy water runoff is deposited in the inner barrel, and the runoff in the muddy water runoff is discharged through a drainage pipe connected to the outer barrel, and a flow meter for monitoring runoff data is provided in the drainage pipe.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, comprising:

[0019] The muddy water runoff is subjected to impurity removal treatment by the impurity removal screen to obtain a remaining muddy water runoff;

[0020] The remaining muddy water runoff is decelerated and energy-dissipated by the energy-dissipating screen, so that the remaining muddy water runoff enters the bottom of the inner barrel of the sand collecting barrel for sediment deposition, wherein the sediment deposition is performed according to Stoke's law;

[0021] When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the third water filter screen of the plurality of water filter screens, the third water filter screen performs a first filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel;

[0022] When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the second water filtering screen of the plurality of water filtering screens, the second water filtering screen performs a second filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel;

[0023] When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the first water filter screen of the plurality of water filter screens, the first water filter screen performs a third filtration treatment on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtration flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, and further comprises:

[0025] When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the flocculant release pipe arranged on the wall of the inner barrel, the remaining muddy water runoff melts the flocculant, thereby accelerating the flocculation and deposition of the sediment.

[0026] The device and method for collecting sediment in a runoff area provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0027] (1) The present invention achieves the effect of separating the silt and runoff in the muddy water runoff flowing through the runoff area by setting the sand collecting bucket as a nested structure of an inner bucket and an outer bucket, and can set multiple sand collecting buckets in a stepped manner, relying on the action of gravity, the sorting effect of silt in the runoff, the sedimentation law of silt in still water, and the filtering runoff principles. At the same time, a flow meter is provided in the drainage pipe to realize automatic monitoring of the runoff data, making it easier to obtain periodic soil and water loss research data or monitoring data, and the measured data is more accurate.

[0028] (2) The present invention can separate the silt in the muddy water runoff from the runoff, so that a large amount of runoff will not occupy the space for silt deposition in the inner barrel, which has a better effect on collecting silt and is more efficient in monitoring soil erosion runoff and silt. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a side view of the runoff plot;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a runoff area sediment collection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a sand collecting bucket in a runoff area sand collecting device according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a water filter screen in a sand collecting bucket according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the installation method of the first water filter screen and the inner barrel in the sand collecting bucket of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of a debris removal screen and an energy dissipation screen in a sand collecting bucket according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a flocculant release tube in a sand collecting bucket according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8a This is a general flow chart of a method for collecting sediment in a runoff area according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8b This is a flow chart of step S102 in a method for collecting sediment in a runoff area according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of an exemplary runoff area sediment collection device in an application example of the present invention;

[0040] Description of reference numerals:

[0041] 1-sand collecting bucket, 10-inner bucket, 11-outer bucket, 12-bucket cover, 101-first drainage hole, 102-impurity removal screen, 103-energy dissipation screen, 104-water filtering screen, 105-screen supporting structure, 106-second drainage hole, 107-water filtering screen slot, 108-flocculant release tube, 109-fixing buckle, 110-flocculation hole, 111-first energy dissipation screen, 112-second energy dissipation screen, 113-first water filtering screen, 114-second water filtering screen, 115-third water filtering screen; 2-collecting pipe; 3-drainage pipe; 4-flow meter; 5-runoff area, 50-collecting trough, 51-water distribution tank, 52-diversion pipe; 6-slope. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, implementation mode and advantages of the present invention clearer, the exemplary implementation mode of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described exemplary embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0043] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Based on the exemplary embodiments described in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention. In addition, although the disclosure in the present invention is introduced according to one or several exemplary examples, it should be understood that each aspect of the disclosure can also constitute a complete implementation method separately.

[0045] It should be noted that the brief description of the terms in the present invention is only for the convenience of understanding the embodiments described below, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, these terms should be understood according to their common and usual meanings.

[0046] To facilitate the technical solution of the application, some concepts involved in the present invention are first explained below.

[0047] In the present invention, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In addition, the terms "include", "also include", "for" or any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that they include not only the elements explicitly listed, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed. Moreover, the words "upper", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. that describe the orientation in the present invention are described according to the position of the drawings of the present invention or the orientation of the product when actually used, and therefore, the scheme of the present invention will not be unclear.

[0048] Runoff plot 5 is an observation facility for quantitative research on the laws of soil erosion on slopes and small watersheds. When planning runoff plot 5, it is necessary to consider the surrounding representative environment and the possibility that runoff plot 5 may be accidentally pushed to other areas; secondly, it is necessary to consider extreme conditions, such as maximum slope test, minimum slope test and extreme precipitation test; in addition, when planning runoff plot 5, it is necessary to maintain the original soil topography as much as possible. The main observation contents of runoff plot 5 method are runoff volume, sediment volume and precipitation.

[0049] The runoff plot 5 method is the most basic and important scientific research and monitoring method in soil erosion, and it is also the most accurate method to measure soil loss. However, the construction, maintenance and operation costs of the runoff plot 5 are high, and the observation data also need to be manually recorded by professionals.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a runoff area sediment collection device, comprising: at least one sand collecting bucket 1, a collecting pipe 2, a drainage pipe 3 and a flow meter 4, wherein the sand collecting bucket 1 is connected to a collecting trough 50 of a runoff area 5 through the collecting pipe 2, and a drainage pipe 3 is provided at one end of the sand collecting bucket 1 away from the runoff area 5, and a flow meter 4 is provided in the drainage pipe 3, and the flow meter 4 is used to monitor the runoff data flowing through the drainage pipe 3, and the runoff data includes data such as runoff volume and runoff intensity;

[0052] Among them, Figures 3 to 7 As shown, at least one of the sand collecting buckets 1 comprises an inner bucket 10, an outer bucket 11 and a bucket cover 12, wherein the inner bucket 10 is provided with a plurality of first drainage holes 101 and is nested in the outer bucket 11;

[0053] like Figures 3 to 6As shown, the inner barrel 10 is provided with a debris removal screen 102, an energy dissipation screen 103 and a plurality of water filtering screens 104 from top to bottom, the debris removal screen 102 is detachably mounted on the wall of the inner barrel 10 through a screen support structure 105 provided on the inner barrel 10, the energy dissipation screen 103 is detachably mounted on the wall of the inner barrel 10 through a screen support structure 105 provided on the inner barrel 10, and a plurality of second drainage holes 106 are also provided at the positions where the debris removal screen 102 and the energy dissipation screen 103 are installed on the inner barrel 10, the second The drainage hole 106 is a circular hole with an aperture range of 10mm-20mm; a plurality of the water filter screens 104 are detachably mounted on the wall of the inner barrel 10 through the water filter screen slots 107, so as to collect sediment of different apertures, and a plurality of first drainage holes 101 are arranged at positions where the water filter screens 104 are installed on the inner barrel 10, and the first drainage holes 101 are designed as square holes, and the first drainage holes 101 and the second drainage holes 106 are evenly arranged on the wall of the inner barrel 10, and their specific arrangement intervals can be designed according to actual conditions.

[0054] Furthermore, if Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, at least one flocculant release tube 108 is also provided on the wall of the inner barrel 10, and the flocculant release tube 108 is detachably connected to the wall of the inner barrel 10 through a fixing buckle 109. The flocculant release tube 108 is used to place flocculants, which can accelerate the coagulation and sedimentation of fine particles of sediment in muddy water;

[0055] Furthermore, if Figure 3 As shown, one end of the outer barrel 11 away from the barrel cover 12 is connected to the drain pipe 3, and the open end of the outer barrel 11 and the open end of the inner barrel 10 are on the same horizontal plane;

[0056] The barrel cover 12 is provided with a hole ( Figure 3 The barrel cover 12 is arranged at the open ends of the inner barrel 10 and the outer barrel 11, and the diameter of the barrel cover 12 is larger than the diameter of the outer barrel 11, and the diameter of the outer barrel 11 is larger than the diameter of the inner barrel 10.

[0057] Further, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, as Figure 7 As shown, the flocculant release tube 108 is provided with a plurality of flocculation holes 110 , and the flocculation holes 110 are used to release muddy water after the flocculant is melted, thereby accelerating the flocculation and deposition of fine particles of sediment in the inner barrel 10 .

[0058] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, the pore size of the flocculation hole 110 ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm.

[0059] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, the pore size range of the impurity removal screen 102 is 10mm-20mm.

[0060] Further, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, as Figure 6 As shown, the energy dissipation screen 103 includes a first energy dissipation screen 111 and a second energy dissipation screen 112, and the first energy dissipation screen 111 and the second energy dissipation screen 112 are installed perpendicular to each other.

[0061] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, the width of the strip holes of the first energy dissipation screen 111 is in the range of 5 mm to 15 mm, and the width of the strip holes of the second energy dissipation screen 112 is also in the range of 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0062] Further, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the water filtering screen 104 includes a first water filtering screen 113, a second water filtering screen 114 and a third water filtering screen 115 which are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, the aperture range of the first water filtering screen 113 is larger than the aperture range of the second water filtering screen 114, and the aperture range of the second water filtering screen 114 is greater than or equal to the aperture range of the third water filtering screen 115; in this embodiment 1, specifically, the aperture range of the first water filtering screen 113 is 0.1mm-0.5mm or 0.05mm-0.1mm; the aperture range of the second water filtering screen 114 is 0.05mm-0.1mm or 0.01mm-0.05mm; the aperture range of the third water filtering screen 115 is 0.01mm-0.05mm.

[0063] It should be noted that the water filter screen 104 with a large aperture range is suitable for filtering the larger particle size of the sediment in the flow collecting trough 50 of the runoff area 5, and the water filter screen 104 with a small aperture range is used to filter the smaller particle size of the sediment in the flow collecting trough 50 of the runoff area 5. Through step-by-step filtering, the sediment in the inner barrel 10 can be quickly settled. In addition, Figure 4 and Figure 5 In order to distinguish the first drainage hole 101 and the structures of the first water filtering screen 113, the second water filtering screen 114 and the third water filtering screen 115, the first drainage hole 101 is set in grayscale, but it does not affect the implementation process and effect of the technical solution of the present application.

[0064] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the collecting pipe 2 is in the range of 100 mm-150 mm or 50 mm-100 mm.

[0065] It should be noted that the collecting pipe 2 with a larger inner diameter range is suitable for connecting the sand collecting bucket 1 and the collecting trough 50 , and the collecting pipe 2 with a smaller inner diameter range is suitable for connecting multiple sand collecting buckets 1 .

[0066] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the drain pipe 3 is in the range of 50 mm-100 mm.

[0067] In addition, in this embodiment 1, the numerical ranges of the various device structures provided can be adjusted accordingly according to the actual situation, and those skilled in the art can also select the number of sand collecting buckets 1 according to the sediment filtration and sedimentation conditions, and the present invention does not impose specific restrictions on it. However, simply changing the numerical range of the device structure or the number of the main structures of the device through the solution of the present invention should be an extension of the technical solution of the present invention and belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Corresponding to the embodiment 1 of the above-mentioned device for collecting sediment in a runoff area, the present invention also provides an embodiment 2 of a method for collecting sediment in a runoff area. Figure 8a and Figure 8b As shown, the method comprises the following steps:

[0070] S101, collecting muddy runoff generated by the slope 6 when soil erosion occurs through the collecting trough 50 of the runoff area 5;

[0071] S102, the muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water runoff by at least one sand collecting bucket 1 connected to the collecting trough 50, and the inner barrel 10 of the sand collecting bucket 1 is sequentially installed with a debris removal screen 102, an energy dissipation screen 103 and a plurality of water filtering screens 104 from top to bottom, the debris removal screen 102 is used to remove impurities from the muddy water runoff, the energy dissipation screen 103 is used to slow down the muddy water runoff, and the plurality of water filtering screens 104 are used to perform multi-stage filtration on the muddy water runoff; the specific steps of muddy water separation are as follows:

[0072] S1020, removing impurities from the muddy water runoff through the impurity removal screen 102 to obtain remaining muddy water runoff;

[0073] S1021, decelerating and dissipating the remaining muddy water runoff through the energy dissipation screen 103, so that the remaining muddy water runoff enters the bottom of the inner barrel 10 of the sand collecting barrel 1 for sediment deposition, wherein the sediment deposition is performed according to Stoke's law;

[0074] S1022, when the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel 10 rises to the position of the third water filtering screen 115, the third water filtering screen 115 performs a first filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel 11 through the first drainage hole 101 provided on the inner barrel 10;

[0075] S1023, when the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel 10 rises to the position of the second water filtering screen 114, the second water filtering screen 114 performs a second filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel 11 through the first drainage hole 101 provided on the inner barrel 10;

[0076] S1024, when the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel 10 rises to the position of the first water filtering screen 113, the first water filtering screen 113 performs a third filtration process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtration flows into the outer barrel 11 through the first drainage hole 101 provided on the inner barrel 10;

[0077] S103, after mud and water separation, the muddy water runoff is deposited in the inner barrel 10, and the runoff in the muddy water runoff is discharged through the drain pipe 3 connected to the outer barrel 11, and the drain pipe 3 is provided with a flow meter 4 for monitoring runoff data.

[0078] It should be noted that in this embodiment 2, the impurity removal treatment of the impurity removal screen 102 in step S1020 includes removing impurities such as dead branches, fallen leaves and gravel in the muddy runoff; the energy dissipation screen 103 in step S1021 includes two energy dissipation screens 103 installed vertically to each other, including a first energy dissipation screen 111 and a second energy dissipation screen 112. Through energy dissipation and deceleration, the muddy water runoff can enter the bottom of the inner barrel 10 of the sand collecting barrel 1 at a relatively gentle flow rate.

[0079] In addition, in step S1021, sediment deposition is performed according to Stoke's law, that is, the larger the particle size of the material, the faster the sedimentation speed in the water body. Therefore, the sediment particles with large particle size settle faster, and the sediment particles with small particle size settle slower, and the sediment with large particle size will be deposited preferentially in the inner barrel 10 of the sand collecting bucket 1. As the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel 10 gradually rises, it can be filtered step by step through the third water filter screen 115, the second water filter screen 114 and the first water filter screen 113 in sequence, and the muddy water after filtering flows out of the inner barrel 10 and enters the outer barrel 11. If multiple sand collecting buckets 1 are required in actual applications, the muddy water filtered by the first sand collecting bucket 1 enters the second sand collecting bucket 1 through the manifold 2 with a smaller inner diameter and is processed again according to the same steps S101-step S103 as above. The specific process will not be repeated here. The more sand collecting buckets 1 are used, the more accurate the runoff data monitored by the flow meter 4 in the drain pipe 3. Those skilled in the art can make a selection according to actual needs, and the present invention does not impose any limitation thereto.

[0080] However, in order to cope with emergencies, two sand collecting buckets 1 are generally required, and a plurality of second drainage holes 106 are provided at the positions where the impurity removal screen 102 and the energy dissipation screen 103 are installed in the inner bucket 10 of the sand collecting bucket 1. The second drainage holes 106 are used in extreme rainfall conditions. When the muddy water runoff generated by the slope 6 is large, the residual muddy water level in the inner bucket 10 continues to rise to the position of the second drainage holes 106. The excess residual muddy water runoff will not be filtered by the filtered water screen 104, but will directly flow out of the inner bucket 10 through the second drainage holes 106 and into the outer bucket 11, and then enter the next sand collecting bucket 1 through the drainage pipe 3 connected to the outer bucket 11 for mud and water separation.

[0081] Further, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 2, as Figure 8b As shown, step S102, separating mud and water from the muddy water runoff by at least one sand collecting bucket 1 connected to the collecting trough 50, also includes: S1025, when the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel 10 rises to the position of the flocculant release tube 108 set on the wall of the inner barrel 10, the remaining muddy water runoff melts the flocculant to accelerate the flocculation and deposition of the silt; at least one flocculant release tube 108 is fixedly installed on the wall of the inner barrel 10 of the sand collecting bucket 1, and a flocculant is added to the flocculant release tube 108, and the flocculant is used to accelerate the flocculation and deposition of fine-grained silt in the remaining muddy water runoff.

[0082] Furthermore, in a specific implementation of this embodiment 2, the flow meter 4 in step S103 can also be connected to other user terminals for communication, and the runoff data recorded throughout the entire process can be transmitted to other user terminals for the convenience of operators to view and study. Other user terminals include but are not limited to mobile phones, computers, tablets and other communication devices, and technical personnel in this field can make their own choices based on actual conditions.

[0083] Application Examples

[0084] like Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , an exemplary runoff plot sediment collection device of the present invention is used. In the device, two sand collecting buckets 1 are provided, including a first sand collecting bucket 1 and a second sand collecting bucket 1 provided below a slope 6 (soil surface). The slope 6 is located below a runoff plot 5. Figure 2 and Fig. 9 As shown, the slope 6 is represented by dotted lines, and the first sand collecting bucket 1 and the second sand collecting bucket 1 are both set in the soil, the end of the drainage pipe 3 that is not connected to the second sand collecting bucket 1 is exposed to the soil surface, and the rest of the drainage pipe is also set in the soil.

[0085] The first sand collecting bucket 1 and the second sand collecting bucket 1 have the same structure, but the specific values ​​of some structures are different. The first sand collecting bucket 1 is connected to the collecting trough 50 of the runoff area 5 through a collecting pipe 2 with an inner diameter ranging from 100mm to 150mm, and the first sand collecting bucket 1 is connected to the second sand collecting bucket 1 through a drainage pipe 3 and a collecting pipe 2 with an inner diameter ranging from 50mm to 100mm.

[0086] The aperture range of the first water filter screen 113 of the first sand collecting bucket 1 is 0.1mm-0.5mm, the aperture range of the second water filter screen 114 is 0.05mm-0.1mm, and the aperture range of the third water filter screen 115 is 0.01mm-0.05mm. In this application example, the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting bucket 1 specifically adopts a first water filter screen 113 with a aperture of 0.1mm, a second water filter screen 114 with a aperture of 0.05mm, and a third water filter screen 115 with a aperture of 0.01mm.

[0087] The aperture range of the first water filter screen 113 of the second sand collecting bucket 1 is 0.05mm-0.1mm, the aperture range of the second water filter screen 114 is 0.01mm-0.05mm, and the aperture range of the third water filter screen 115 is 0.01mm-0.05mm. In this application example, the inner barrel 10 of the second sand collecting bucket 1 specifically adopts a first water filter screen 113 with a aperture of 0.1mm, a second water filter screen 114 with a aperture of 0.05mm, and a third water filter screen 115 with a aperture of 0.01mm.

[0088] The numerical ranges of other structures of the first sand collecting bucket 1 and the second sand collecting bucket 1 are consistent and can be obtained from Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0089] Using the above-mentioned exemplary runoff area sediment collection device, the process of separating muddy water from muddy water runoff obtained from runoff area 5 is as follows:

[0090] First, the muddy water runoff enters the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting barrel 1 through the collecting pipe 2 with an inner diameter ranging from 100mm to 150mm, and the muddy water runoff is treated with impurities by the impurity removal screen 102 in the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting barrel 1 to obtain the remaining muddy water runoff; the remaining muddy water runoff is treated with deceleration and energy dissipation by the energy dissipation screen 103 in the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting barrel 1, so that the remaining muddy water runoff enters the bottom of the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting barrel 1 for sediment deposition; as the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff rises, the remaining muddy water runoff is filtered three times by the third water filtering screen 115, the second water filtering screen 114 and the first water filtering screen 113 in sequence, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel 11 of the first sand collecting barrel 1 through the first drainage hole 101 set on the inner barrel 10 of the first sand collecting barrel 1, completing the treatment process of the first sand collecting barrel 1, that is, the coarse sand collecting barrel 1.

[0091] Secondly, the muddy water in the outer barrel 11 of the first sand collecting barrel 1 is discharged to the 50mm-100mm manifold 2 through the drain pipe 3, and then enters the second sand collecting barrel 1 through the 50mm-100mm manifold 2; the muddy water runoff is treated by removing impurities through the impurity removal screen 102 in the inner barrel 10 of the second sand collecting barrel 1 to obtain the remaining muddy water runoff; the remaining muddy water runoff is treated by deceleration and energy dissipation through the energy dissipation screen 103 in the inner barrel 10 of the second sand collecting barrel 1, so that the remaining muddy water runoff is reduced in speed and energy is dissipated. The water runoff enters the bottom of the inner barrel 10 of the second sand collecting barrel 1 for sediment deposition; as the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff rises, the remaining muddy water runoff is filtered three times through the third water filtering screen 115, the second water filtering screen 114 and the first water filtering screen 113 in sequence, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel 11 of the second sand collecting barrel 1 through the first drainage hole 101 provided on the inner barrel 10 of the second sand collecting barrel 1, completing the processing process of the second sand collecting barrel 1, i.e., the fine sand collecting barrel 1.

[0092] Finally, after being processed by the second sand collecting bucket 1, all the silt in the muddy water runoff is deposited in the inner bucket 10 of the first sand collecting bucket 1 and the inner bucket 10 of the second sand collecting bucket 1, and the runoff in the muddy water runoff is discharged through the drain pipe 3 connected to the outer bucket 11 of the second sand collecting bucket 1, and a flow meter 4 for monitoring runoff data is provided in the drain pipe 3.

[0093] It should be noted that the application examples only provide an example of the optimal number of sand collecting buckets 1, but those skilled in the art may increase or decrease the number according to the actual situation, but the specific processing process remains unchanged, and the aperture values ​​of the water filter screen 104 of the sand collecting bucket 1 need to be set in descending order, and the inner diameter values ​​of the manifold 2 connected between the sand collecting buckets 1 should also be set in descending order, starting from the sand collecting bucket 1 closest to the runoff area 5, and decreasing one by one. In addition, in order to make the structure clear and concise, all the drawings used in Example 1 and Example 2 of the present application and the application examples, therefore, not all the drawings containing the sand collecting bucket 1 show all the components of the sand collecting bucket 1, but the specific structure of the sand collecting bucket 1 of the present application can be obtained in combination with all the drawings and text descriptions of the present application, and the drawings that do not show the entire structure of the sand collecting bucket 1 will not have any substantial impact on the implementation of the technical solution of the present application, nor will it cause the structure of the present application to be unclear.

[0094] It should also be pointed out that in the present invention, the sand collecting bucket 1 adopts a cylindrical structure, but it can also be designed as a rectangular or cubic box-type structure or any other structure, and the specific size of the sand collecting bucket 1 can also be designed as a smaller structure as needed, but it is necessary to change the shape or reduce the volume on the basis of being able to achieve the technical effect of the present invention; the shapes of the first drainage hole 101 and the second drainage hole 106 can also be changed, and the present invention does not impose specific restrictions on them.

[0095] Similar parts between the embodiments provided by the present invention can be referred to each other. The specific implementation methods provided above are only a few examples under the general concept of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any other implementation methods expanded based on the scheme of the present invention without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A runoff area sediment collection device, characterized in that: include: At least one sand collecting bucket, a collecting pipe, a drainage pipe and a flow meter, wherein the sand collecting bucket is connected to the collecting trough of the runoff area, a drainage pipe is arranged at one end of the sand collecting bucket away from the runoff area, a flow meter is arranged in the drainage pipe, and the flow meter is used to monitor the runoff data flowing through the drainage pipe; Wherein, at least one of the sand collecting buckets comprises an inner bucket, an outer bucket and a bucket cover, the inner bucket is nested and installed in the outer bucket, the bucket cover is provided at the open ends of the inner bucket and the outer bucket, and the diameter of the outer bucket is larger than the diameter of the inner bucket, and the diameter of the bucket cover is larger than the diameter of the outer bucket; The inner barrel is detachably installed with a debris removal screen, an energy dissipation screen and a plurality of water filter screens from top to bottom, and a plurality of first drainage holes are opened at the positions where the plurality of water filter screens are installed on the inner barrel, and a plurality of second drainage holes are opened at the positions where the debris removal screen and the energy dissipation screen are installed on the inner barrel; The water filtering screen comprises a first water filtering screen, a second water filtering screen and a third water filtering screen which are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, the aperture range of the first water filtering screen is larger than the aperture range of the second water filtering screen, and the aperture range of the second water filtering screen is larger than or equal to the aperture range of the third water filtering screen; The collection method of the runoff area sediment collection device comprises: The muddy runoff generated on the slope when soil erosion occurs is collected through the runoff collecting trough in the runoff area; The muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, and a debris removal screen, an energy dissipation screen and a plurality of water filtering screens are sequentially installed in the inner barrel of the sand collecting bucket from top to bottom, the debris removal screen is used to remove impurities from the muddy water runoff, the energy dissipation screen is used to slow down the muddy water runoff, and the plurality of water filtering screens are used to perform multi-stage filtration on the muddy water runoff; The muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, comprising: The muddy water runoff is subjected to impurity removal treatment by the impurity removal screen to obtain a remaining muddy water runoff; The remaining muddy water runoff is decelerated and energy-dissipated by the energy-dissipating screen, so that the remaining muddy water runoff enters the bottom of the inner barrel of the sand collecting barrel for sediment deposition, wherein the sediment deposition is performed according to Stoke's law; When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the third water filter screen of the plurality of water filter screens, the third water filter screen performs a first filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel; When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the second water filtering screen of the plurality of water filtering screens, the second water filtering screen performs a second filtering process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtering flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel; When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the first water filter screen of the plurality of water filter screens, the first water filter screen performs a third filtration process on the remaining muddy water runoff, and the muddy water obtained by filtration flows into the outer barrel through the first drainage hole provided on the inner barrel; After the mud and water are separated, the muddy water runoff is deposited in the inner barrel, and the runoff in the muddy water runoff is discharged through a drainage pipe connected to the outer barrel, and a flow meter for monitoring runoff data is provided in the drainage pipe; The muddy water runoff is separated from the muddy water by at least one sand collecting bucket connected to the collecting trough, and further comprises: When the water level of the remaining muddy water runoff in the inner barrel rises to the position of the flocculant release pipe arranged on the wall of the inner barrel, the remaining muddy water runoff melts the flocculant, thereby accelerating the flocculation and deposition of the sediment.

2. A runoff area sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture range of the first water filter screen is 0.1mm-0.5mm or 0.05mm-0.1mm; the aperture range of the second water filter screen is 0.05mm-0.1mm or 0.01mm-0.05mm; the aperture range of the third water filter screen is 0.01mm-0.05mm.

3. The runoff area sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy dissipation screen comprises a first energy dissipation screen and a second energy dissipation screen, the first energy dissipation screen and the second energy dissipation screen are installed vertically to each other, and the width of the strip holes of the energy dissipation screen is in the range of 5mm-15mm.

4. The runoff area sediment collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one flocculant release tube is also arranged on the inner barrel wall. The flocculant release tube is detachably connected to the inner barrel wall and is used for placing flocculants.

5. A runoff area sediment collection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flocculant release tube is provided with a plurality of flocculation holes, and the flocculation holes are used to release the melted flocculant.

6. A runoff area sediment collection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pore diameter of the flocculation pores ranges from 1 mm to 2 mm.

Images