Medical puncture catheterization training simulator

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular discloses a medical puncture and catheter placement training manikin, comprising a torso with two arms fixed to both sides. A power supply is fixed inside the torso. Each arm includes a support frame covered with a biomimetic rubber sheath, and at least one fixed vein is fixed to the inner wall of the support frame. The advantages are: multiple combinations can be selected to simulate problems encountered during and after PICC placement; the situation encountered by the operator in each training session can differ from the previous one; and the use of an ultrasound detector and display screen allows instructors to monitor the catheter's position and the operator's specific actions during placement in real time. This facilitates simulated practice and assessment of PICC placement techniques for medical personnel, allowing for evaluation of their mastery of PICC placement techniques and improving their proficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a medical puncture and catheterization training manikin. Background Technology

[0002] A PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter) is a catheter inserted into a central venous system via a peripheral vein. It is inserted through a peripheral vein (basilicone vein, median cubital vein, cephalic vein), with its tip located in the lower third of the superior vena cava. It is used to provide patients with medium- to long-term intravenous infusion therapy. PICC insertion requires extensive simulation practice for healthcare professionals. Currently, simulations of PICC insertion use a simple mannequin with a rubber tubing inserted. During simulations, an instructor announces problems encountered during insertion, and the operator's response and execution are used to judge their proficiency. This method is ineffective for training, and the insertion status cannot be monitored, failing to significantly improve the operational skills of healthcare professionals. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention is to provide a medical puncture and catheterization training manikin in order to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] A medical puncture and catheterization training manikin includes a torso with two arms fixed to its sides. A rotating seat is rotatably mounted at one end of the torso, and a controller is hinged to the rotating seat. A power supply is fixed inside the torso. Each arm includes a support frame covered with a human-skin-like rubber sleeve. At least one fixed vein is fixed to the inner wall of the support frame. Several vascular transducers communicating with the fixed vein are fixed to the inner wall of the support frame. Sensor modules are fixed to both sides of each vascular transducer on the fixed vein. A sealing plate is fixed to the end of each arm that is fixed to the torso, and an ultrasound detector is embedded in the sealing plate. The ultrasound detector is inserted into the inner cavity of the arm. The ultrasound detector, vascular transducers, sensor modules, controller, and power supply are electrically connected.

[0006] Furthermore, the fixed vein is composed of a first fixed vein, a second fixed vein, a third fixed vein, and a fourth fixed vein installed in segments. The vascular converter includes a first vascular converter, a second vascular converter, and a third vascular converter. The first fixed vein and the second fixed vein are connected through the first vascular converter, the second fixed vein and the third fixed vein are connected through the second vascular converter, and the third fixed vein and the fourth fixed vein are connected through the third vascular converter.

[0007] Furthermore, the first vascular converter includes a first fixing frame fixed on the support mesh frame, a first rotary motor electrically connected to the controller is fixed on the first fixing frame, a first fixing disk is fixed on the power output shaft of the first rotary motor, and a plurality of first problematic blood vessels are fixed in a circular array on the first fixing disk. The first problematic blood vessels include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent first fixed blood vessels and second fixed blood vessels are connected through a first problematic blood vessel, and there is a connection gap of 0.5-1mm between the first problematic blood vessels and the first fixed blood vessels and the second fixed blood vessels.

[0008] Furthermore, the second vascular converter includes a second fixing frame fixed on the support frame, a second rotary motor electrically connected to the controller is fixed on the second fixing frame, a second fixing disk is fixed on the power output shaft of the second rotary motor, and a plurality of second problematic blood vessels are fixed in a circular array on the second fixing disk. The second problematic blood vessels include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent second fixed blood vessels and the third fixed blood vessel are connected through a second problematic blood vessel, and there is a connection gap of 0.5-1mm between the second problematic blood vessel and the second fixed blood vessel and the third fixed blood vessel.

[0009] Furthermore, the third vascular converter includes a third fixing frame fixed on the supporting mesh frame, a third rotary motor electrically connected to the controller is fixed on the third fixing frame, a third fixing disk is fixed on the power output shaft of the third rotary motor, and a plurality of third problematic blood vessels are fixed in a circular array on the third fixing disk. The first problematic blood vessels include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent third fixed blood vessels and fourth fixed blood vessels are connected through a third problematic blood vessel, and there is a connection gap of 0.5-1mm between the third problematic blood vessels and the third fixed blood vessels and the fourth fixed blood vessels.

[0010] Furthermore, the sensor module includes a first photoelectric sensor, a second photoelectric sensor, a third photoelectric sensor, a fourth photoelectric sensor, a fifth photoelectric sensor, and a sixth photoelectric sensor. The first photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the first fixed blood vessel near the first vascular converter. The second photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the second fixed blood vessel near the first vascular converter. The third photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the second fixed blood vessel near the second vascular converter. The fourth photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the third fixed blood vessel near the second vascular converter. The fifth photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the third fixed blood vessel near the third vascular converter. The sixth photoelectric sensor is fixed to the exterior of the fourth fixed blood vessel near the third vascular converter. The first photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the first fixed blood vessel and the first vascular converter. The second photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel and the first vascular converter. The third photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel and the second vascular converter. The fourth photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel and the second vascular converter. The fifth photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel and the third vascular converter. The sixth photoelectric sensor faces the connection gap between the fourth fixed blood vessel and the third vascular converter.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller includes a housing, the front surface of which is inlaid with a display screen and a control panel. Inside the housing, a processor electrically connected to the display screen and the control panel is fixed, and inside the housing, a speaker, a timing module, and a Bluetooth module electrically connected to the processor are fixed.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention, achieved by adopting the above technical solution, are as follows: During teaching and PICC placement practice, various combinations can be selected to simulate problems encountered during and after PICC placement. The situation encountered by the operator in each training session can differ from the previous one. The combination of an ultrasound detector and a display screen allows instructors to monitor the catheter's position and the operator's specific actions during placement in real time, facilitating simulated practice and assessment of PICC placement techniques for medical personnel. This allows for evaluation of medical personnel's mastery of PICC placement techniques, improving their proficiency. Furthermore, the controller can rotate freely and face the operator, making it convenient for learners during technical instruction. This manikin helps trainees understand the changes in catheters during different procedures, improving teaching effectiveness. As a supplement to traditional teaching methods, it allows trainees to perform PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter) insertion, gaining a hands-on understanding of the process and handling challenges such as bleeding or how to pass through narrowed blood vessels. During training, instructors can use the manikin to analyze anatomical sites and details of insertion, enhancing teaching effectiveness and trainees' clinical skills. This gives trainees an advantage in skills, satisfaction, confidence, and performance time, while also addressing the current lack of complication management skills among specialist nurses in clinical practice, thus shortening the clinical adaptation period for catheter placement. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a main sectional view of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a main sectional view of the first vascular converter of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a top view of the first blood vessel converter of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the first blood vessel converter of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a front view of the second blood vessel converter of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a front view of the third blood vessel converter of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is the main view of the controller of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a rear sectional view of the controller of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 This is a circuit structure block diagram of the present invention.

[0024] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0025] 1. Torso; 2. Arm; 21. Supporting mesh frame; 22. Imitation human skin rubber sleeve; 23. Fixed vein; 231. First fixed vein; 232. Second fixed vein; 233. Third fixed vein; 234. Fourth fixed vein; 24. Ultrasonic detector; 25. Sealing plate; 26. First vein converter; 261. First fixing frame; 262. First rotary motor; 263. First fixing plate; 264. First problematic vein; 27. Second vein converter; 271. Second fixing frame; 272. Second rotary motor; 273. Second fixing plate; 274. Second problematic vein ; 28. Third blood vessel converter; 281. Third fixing frame; 282. Third rotary motor; 283. Third fixing plate; 284. Third problematic blood vessel; 29. ​​Sensor module; 291. First photoelectric sensor; 292. Second photoelectric sensor; 293. Third photoelectric sensor; 294. Fourth photoelectric sensor; 295. Fifth photoelectric sensor; 296. Sixth photoelectric sensor; 3. Rotating seat; 4. Controller; 41. Housing; 42. Display screen; 43. Control panel; 44. Processor; 45. Speaker; 46. Timing module; 47. Bluetooth module; 5. Power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1-10As shown, a medical puncture and catheterization training manikin includes a torso 1 with two arms 2 fixed to both sides. A rotating base 3 is rotatably mounted on one end of the torso 1, allowing the rotating base 3 to rotate 360° around a pivot fixed to the torso 1. A controller 4 is hinged to the rotating base 3, allowing the controller 4 to be adjusted at an angle to the torso 1, thus adjusting the orientation of the controller 4. The controller 4 includes a housing 41, with a display screen 42 and a control panel 43 embedded on the front surface of the housing 41. The display screen 42 is either an LED touchscreen or an LCD screen, used to display images, data, and other information. The control panel 43 includes a power button, function buttons, etc., used to send corresponding signals. Inside the housing 41, a processor 44 electrically connected to the display screen 42 and control panel 43 is fixed. The processor 44 contains an STM32L chip for data processing and a data storage device for data storage. Inside the housing 41, a speaker 45, a timing module 46, and a Bluetooth module 47, all electrically connected to the processor 44, are also fixed. The speaker 45 is used to announce problems encountered during tube placement and indwelling, or to indicate the tube's position and simulated test results. The timing module 46 is used for timing and recording the simulated operation time. The Bluetooth module 47 is used for data transmission. Inside the torso 1, a power supply 5, a rechargeable battery, is fixed to provide electrical energy. The power supply 5 can also be a power adapter, connected to the city's power supply system for power supply. The arm 2 includes a support frame 21, which is covered by a simulated human skin rubber sleeve 22. The support frame 21 ensures the strength of the arm 2, while the mesh design does not affect the insertion of the puncture needle during puncture. The simulated human skin rubber sleeve 22 enhances realism. At least one fixed vein 23 is fixed to the inner wall of the support frame 21. When multiple fixed veins 23 are present, their positions and paths differ, thus simulating different blood vessels in the human body. The operator can select the correct fixed vein 23 for PICC placement based on ultrasound detection results. Several other fixed veins are also fixed to the inner wall of the support frame 21. The fixed vein 23 is connected by a vascular converter. One vascular converter can connect multiple fixed veins 23 simultaneously. After activation, the vascular converter can switch the connection between different types of problematic blood vessels and fixed veins 23 to simulate different scenarios. The fixed vein 23 consists of a segmented fixed blood vessel 231, a second fixed blood vessel 232, a third fixed blood vessel 233, and a fourth fixed blood vessel 234. The vascular converter includes a first vascular converter 26, a second vascular converter 27, and a third vascular converter 28. The vascular converter is installed at the break point of the fixed vein 23 to connect multiple fixed blood vessels together to form a connected blood vessel. The number of vascular converters is one less than the number of segmented fixed blood vessels.The first fixed blood vessel 231 and the second fixed blood vessel 232 are connected by a first blood vessel converter 26. The second fixed blood vessel 232 and the third fixed blood vessel 233 are connected by a second blood vessel converter 27. The third fixed blood vessel 233 and the fourth fixed blood vessel 234 are connected by a third blood vessel converter 28. The first blood vessel converter 26 includes a first fixing frame 261 fixed on the support mesh frame 21. A first rotary motor 262 electrically connected to the controller 4 is fixed on the first fixing frame 261. A first fixing disk 263 is fixed on the power output shaft of the first rotary motor 262. A plurality of first problematic blood vessels 264 are fixed in a circular array on the first fixing disk 263. The first problematic blood vessels 264 include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, and thin-walled blood vessels. Normal blood vessels, adjacent first fixed blood vessels 231 and second fixed blood vessels 232 are connected by a first problematic blood vessel 264. By controlling the first rotary motor 262, the first fixed plate 263 can be rotated, thereby moving the first problematic blood vessel 264 to realize the change of the type of the first problematic blood vessel 264. There is a 0.5-1mm connection gap between the first problematic blood vessel 264 and the first fixed blood vessels 231 and second fixed blood vessels 232. The second blood vessel converter 27 includes a second fixed frame 271 fixed on the support frame 21. A second rotary motor 272 electrically connected to the controller 4 is fixed on the second fixed frame 271. A second fixed plate 273 is fixed on the power output shaft of the second rotary motor 272. The ring array on 73 has several second problematic blood vessels 274 fixed on it. The second problematic blood vessels 274 include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent second fixed blood vessels 232 and third fixed blood vessels 233 are connected through a second problematic blood vessel 274. By controlling the second rotating motor 272, the second fixed disk 273 can be rotated, thereby moving the second problematic blood vessels 274 and realizing the transformation of the type of the second problematic blood vessel 274. There is a 0.5-1mm connection gap between the second problematic blood vessel 274 and the second fixed blood vessels 232 and the third fixed blood vessels 233. The third blood vessel converter 28 includes a third fixed frame 281 fixed on the support mesh frame 21. The third fixed frame 281 is fixed with the controller 4. A third rotary motor 282 is electrically connected. A third fixed disk 283 is fixed on the power output shaft of the third rotary motor 282. Several third problematic blood vessels 284 are fixed in a circular array on the third fixed disk 283. The first problematic blood vessels 264 include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent third fixed blood vessels 233 and fourth fixed blood vessels 234 are connected through a third problematic blood vessel 284. By controlling the third rotary motor 282, the third fixed disk 283 can be rotated, thereby moving the third problematic blood vessels 284 and realizing the change of the type of the third problematic blood vessel 284. There is a connection gap of 0.5-1mm between the third problematic blood vessels 284 and the third fixed blood vessels 233 and fourth fixed blood vessels 234.The first vascular converter 26, the second vascular converter 27, and the third vascular converter 28 have the same structure, differing only in the number and type of the first problematic blood vessels 264, the second problematic blood vessels 274, and the third problematic blood vessels 284. A sensor module 29 is fixed to both sides of each vascular converter via a fixed vein 23. The number of sensor modules 29 is at least twice the number of vascular converters, used to detect the insertion position of the PICC catheter. The sensor modules 29 include a first photoelectric sensor 291, a second photoelectric sensor 292, a third photoelectric sensor 293, a fourth photoelectric sensor 294, a fifth photoelectric sensor 295, and a sixth photoelectric sensor 296. The model of all sensor modules 29 is... All are E3JK-5M3. The first photoelectric sensor 291 is fixed to the exterior of the first fixed blood vessel 231 near the end of the first blood vessel converter 26; the second photoelectric sensor 292 is fixed to the exterior of the second fixed blood vessel 232 near the end of the first blood vessel converter 26; the third photoelectric sensor 293 is fixed to the exterior of the second fixed blood vessel 232 near the end of the second blood vessel converter 27; the fourth photoelectric sensor 294 is fixed to the exterior of the third fixed blood vessel 233 near the end of the second blood vessel converter 27; the fifth photoelectric sensor 295 is fixed to the exterior of the third fixed blood vessel 233 near the end of the third blood vessel converter 28; and the sixth photoelectric sensor 296 is fixed to the exterior of the fourth fixed blood vessel 234 near the end of the third blood vessel converter 28. Externally, the first photoelectric sensor 291 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the first fixed blood vessel 231 and the first blood vessel converter 26; the second photoelectric sensor 292 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel 232 and the first blood vessel converter 26; the third photoelectric sensor 293 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel 232 and the second blood vessel converter 27; the fourth photoelectric sensor 294 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel 233 and the second blood vessel converter 27; the fifth photoelectric sensor 295 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel 233 and the third blood vessel converter 28; and the sixth photoelectric sensor 296 is positioned opposite the connection gap between the fourth fixed blood vessel 234 and the third blood vessel converter 28. The insertion of the PICC catheter can be detected promptly. A sealing plate 25 is fixed to one end of the arm 2, which is attached to the torso 1, thus sealing the arm 2 into a closed space. This facilitates ultrasound detection of the internal layout of the arm 2. An ultrasound detector 24 is embedded in the sealing plate 25. The ultrasound detector 24 is a commonly used medical cylindrical single-element probe, used to detect the internal layout of the arm 2 and the position of the catheter, converting it into an image for easy viewing of the catheter's position and movement. The ultrasound detector 24 is inserted into the inner cavity of the arm 2. The ultrasound detector 24, the vascular transducers (first vascular transducer 26, second vascular transducer 27, third vascular transducer 28), the sensor module 29, the controller 4, and the power supply 5 are electrically connected.

[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During use, the power is turned on via the control panel 43, and the problematic blood vessel (first problematic blood vessel 264, second problematic blood vessel 274, third problematic blood vessel 284) matching the fixed vein 23 is selected. The blood vessel types on the vascular converters (first vascular converter 26, second vascular converter 27, third vascular converter 28) inside the two arms 2 can be the same or different. Simultaneously, the positions of the first vascular converter 26, second vascular converter 27, and third vascular converter 28 can also be changed. The ultrasound detector 24 is activated to automatically detect the condition inside the arms 2, and the detection results are displayed on the display screen 42. The user then uses... The ultrasound device probes the location of the fixed vein 23 inside the arm 2, selects the puncture site, and then performs the puncture. After the catheter is inserted into the first fixed vein 231, it moves along the first fixed vein 231. The first photoelectric sensor 291 can detect the time the catheter is inserted into the first problematic vein 264; the second photoelectric sensor 292 can detect the time the catheter is withdrawn from the first problematic vein 264; the third photoelectric sensor 293 can detect the time the catheter is inserted into the second problematic vein 274; the fourth photoelectric sensor 294 can detect the time the catheter is withdrawn from the second problematic vein 274; and the fifth photoelectric sensor 295 can detect the time the catheter is inserted into the third problematic vein 284. The photoelectric sensor 296 can detect the time when the catheter is exited from the third problematic blood vessel 284. When the catheter is inserted into the first problematic blood vessel 264, the second problematic blood vessel 274, and the third problematic blood vessel 284, the operator can judge what problems are encountered during the catheter placement process based on their knowledge and choose appropriate countermeasures. The instructor judges whether the operator's operation is correct and meets the standards by observing the screen 42 and the operator's specific operating steps. When the catheter is inserted into the fourth fixed blood vessel 234, the catheter placement is considered successful. During the catheter placement process and after the placement (during the indwelling period), the pre-set complications can be broadcast through the speaker 45. The system includes voice prompts (covering complications such as catheter blockage, venous thrombosis, fibrin sheath formation, catheter-related infection, catheter breakage or detachment, phlebitis, irritant dermatitis, catheter displacement, effusion or bleeding, catheter ectopic placement, nerve injury, hematoma, arrhythmia, accidental venous puncture, and lymphatic vessel injury). By combining various vascular conditions with voice-announced emergency situations, it can simulate various situations encountered during PICC placement. By observing the operator's reactions and operations, it can determine whether the operator has mastered how to handle complications that occur during and after PICC placement, thereby enabling medical staff to train and assess their skills in PICC placement via peripheral veins.

[0029] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medical puncture catheterization training mannequin, characterized in that: The device includes a torso (1), with two arms (2) fixed on both sides of the torso (1). A rotating seat (3) is rotatably mounted on one end of the torso (1), and a controller (4) is hinged to the rotating seat (3). A power supply (5) is fixed inside the torso (1). Each arm (2) includes a support frame (21), which is covered with a rubber sleeve (22) resembling human skin. At least one fixed vein (23) is fixed on the inner wall of the support frame (21), and several vascular converters connected to the fixed vein (23) are fixed on the inner wall of the support frame (21). The vascular converters are used in the controller. Under the control of (4), different types of problematic blood vessels are automatically switched to connect with the fixed vein to simulate different puncture and catheterization clinical scenarios; the fixed vein (23) is fixed with sensor modules (29) on both sides of all the blood vessel converters, and the end of the arm (2) fixed to the torso (1) is fixed with a sealing plate (25). An ultrasound detector (24) is embedded on the sealing plate (25). The ultrasound detector (24) is inserted into the inner cavity of the arm (2). The ultrasound detector (24), the blood vessel converter, the sensor module (29) are electrically connected to the controller (4) and the power supply (5).

2. The medical puncture catheterization training simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed vein (23) is composed of a first fixed vein (231), a second fixed vein (232), a third fixed vein (233), and a fourth fixed vein (234) installed in segments. The vascular converter includes a first vascular converter (26), a second vascular converter (27), and a third vascular converter (28). The first fixed vein (231) and the second fixed vein (232) are connected through the first vascular converter (26). The second fixed vein (232) and the third fixed vein (233) are connected through the second vascular converter (27). The third fixed vein (233) and the fourth fixed vein (234) are connected through the third vascular converter (28).

3. The medical puncture catheterization training simulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first vascular converter (26) includes a first fixing frame (261) fixed on the support frame (21). A first rotary motor (262) electrically connected to the controller (4) is fixed on the first fixing frame (261). A first fixing disk (263) is fixed on the power output shaft of the first rotary motor (262). A plurality of first problematic blood vessels (264) are fixed in a ring array on the first fixing disk (263). The first problematic blood vessels (264) include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent first fixed blood vessels (231) and second fixed blood vessels (232) are connected through a first problematic blood vessel (264). There is a 0.5-1mm connection gap between the first problematic blood vessel (264) and the first fixed blood vessel (231) and the second fixed blood vessel (232).

4. A medical puncture and catheterization training manikin according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second vascular converter (27) includes a second fixing frame (271) fixed on the support frame (21). A second rotary motor (272) electrically connected to the controller (4) is fixed on the second fixing frame (271). A second fixing disk (273) is fixed on the power output shaft of the second rotary motor (272). Several second problematic blood vessels (274) are fixed in a ring array on the second fixing disk (273). The second problematic blood vessels (274) include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent second fixed blood vessels (232) and third fixed blood vessels (233) are connected through a second problematic blood vessel (274). There is a 0.5-1mm connection gap between the second problematic blood vessel (274) and the second fixed blood vessel (232) and the third fixed blood vessel (233).

5. A medical puncture and catheterization training manikin according to claim 4, characterized in that: The third vascular converter (28) includes a third fixing frame (281) fixed on the support frame (21). A third rotary motor (282) electrically connected to the controller (4) is fixed on the third fixing frame (281). A third fixing disk (283) is fixed on the power output shaft of the third rotary motor (282). Several third problematic blood vessels (284) are fixed in a ring array on the third fixing disk (283). The third problematic blood vessels (284) include malformed blood vessels, thrombotic blood vessels, thin-walled blood vessels, and normal blood vessels. Adjacent third fixed blood vessels (233) and fourth fixed blood vessels (234) are connected through a third problematic blood vessel (284). There is a 0.5-1mm connection gap between the third problematic blood vessel (284) and the third fixed blood vessel (233) and the fourth fixed blood vessel (234).

6. A medical puncture and catheterization training manikin according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sensor module (29) includes a first photoelectric sensor (291), a second photoelectric sensor (292), a third photoelectric sensor (293), a fourth photoelectric sensor (294), a fifth photoelectric sensor (295), and a sixth photoelectric sensor (296). The first photoelectric sensor (291) is fixed to the outside of the first fixed blood vessel (231) near the first blood vessel converter (26). The second photoelectric sensor (292) is fixed to the outside of the second fixed blood vessel (232) near the first blood vessel converter (26). The third photoelectric sensor (293) is fixed to the outside of the second fixed blood vessel (232) near the second blood vessel converter (27). The fourth photoelectric sensor (294) is fixed to the outside of the third fixed blood vessel (233) near the second blood vessel converter (27). The fifth photoelectric sensor (295) is fixed to the outside of the third fixed blood vessel (233) near the third blood vessel converter (28). The sixth photoelectric sensor (296) is fixed to the outside of the third fixed blood vessel (233) near the third blood vessel converter (28). An electrical sensor (296) is fixed to the outside of the fourth fixed blood vessel (234) near the third blood vessel converter (28). The first photoelectric sensor (291) is directly opposite the connection gap between the first fixed blood vessel (231) and the first blood vessel converter (26). The second photoelectric sensor (292) is directly opposite the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel (232) and the first blood vessel converter (26). The third photoelectric sensor (293) is directly opposite the connection gap between the second fixed blood vessel (232) and the second blood vessel converter (27). The fourth photoelectric sensor (294) is directly opposite the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel (233) and the second blood vessel converter (27). The fifth photoelectric sensor (295) is directly opposite the connection gap between the third fixed blood vessel (233) and the third blood vessel converter (28). The sixth photoelectric sensor (296) is directly opposite the connection gap between the fourth fixed blood vessel (234) and the third blood vessel converter (28).

7. A medical puncture and catheterization training manikin according to claim 6, characterized in that: The controller (4) includes a housing (41), on the front surface of which a display screen (42) and a control panel (43) are embedded. Inside the housing (41) is a processor (44) electrically connected to the display screen (42) and the control panel (43). Inside the housing (41) are a speaker (45), a timing module (46), and a Bluetooth module (47) electrically connected to the processor (44).

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