Optical lenses

Abstract

A method implemented by a computer device for determining, for example, a lens element adapted to a wearer, the method comprising: - providing lens data, the lens data indicating at least the shape of the lens element to be determined, the shape of the lens element corresponding to the shape of a retainer and at least corresponding to the shape of an optical element of the lens element, the shape of the optical element being associated with a target optical function; - providing a transformation rule associated with a coating process of the lens element including the optical element, the coating process being associated with the coating element, the transformation rule corresponding to a change in the shape applied to the surface of the lens element including the optical element to compensate for a change in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process; and - determining the lens element at least based on the lens data and the transformation rule.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application PCT / EP2019 / 078128 entitled "Optical Lens", with application number 201980009121.3 and application date of October 16, 2019. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a lens element. This disclosure also relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a conversion rule associated with a coating process of a lens element.

[0003] Furthermore, this disclosure relates to a lens element intended to be worn in front of a person's eye to slow down and / or prevent the development of abnormal refractive errors in the eye, such as myopia or hyperopia.

[0004] Additionally, this disclosure relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a mold for a lens element.

[0005] Furthermore, this disclosure relates to a mold for lens elements, wherein a plurality of optical elements have a target optical function and are intended to be covered by at least one layer of at least one coating element. Background Technology

[0006] Myopia is characterized by the eye focusing in front of the retina on distant objects, while hyperopia is characterized by the eye focusing behind the retina on near objects. Myopia is usually corrected with concave lenses that provide negative refractive power, and hyperopia is usually corrected with convex lenses that provide positive refractive power.

[0007] It has been observed that some individuals, particularly children, experience inaccurate focusing when using conventional single-vision lenses to correct their vision, especially when observing objects at near distances (i.e., under near vision conditions). Because of this focusing defect in some myopic children who are corrected for distance vision, images of nearby objects are formed behind the retina (even within the fovea).

[0008] This focusing deficit may influence the development of myopia in these individuals. It can be observed that for most of these individuals, the myopia deficit tends to worsen over time, partly due to prolonged, high-intensity close-range work sessions.

[0009] In particular, studies on monkeys have shown that significant optical defocusing behind the retina, occurring far from the fovea, can cause eye elongation, which may thus exacerbate myopia.

[0010] Optical lenses typically undergo numerous treatments to add a variety of properties. For example, scratch-resistant and anti-reflective treatments have become commonplace. These treatments primarily correspond to applying a coating to the surface of the optical lens, thereby adding specific properties to the covered surface.

[0011] However, classic processing methods are difficult to apply to lenses with complex designs, such as recently developed optical lenses that include optical elements placed on their surface to prevent or at least slow the development of abnormal refractive errors in the eye, such as myopia or hyperopia.

[0012] In practice, the thickness of coatings typically used to treat lens surfaces is not negligible when compared to the size of the optical element placed on the surface. For example, the refractive index of the coating covering the optical element can affect light transmission and thus alter the optical function of the optical element. Even minor non-uniformity in the thickness of the coating covering the optical element can change its optical function.

[0013] Therefore, there is a need for a method for determining a lens element, the lens element including an optical element to prevent or at least slow the development of abnormal refractive errors in the eye, the optical element compensating for and correcting changes in lens element properties caused by processing the lens element.

[0014] Furthermore, there is a need for a method for determining a mold for a lens element, the lens element including an optical element to prevent or at least slow the development of abnormal refractive errors in the wearer's eye, the optical element compensating for and correcting changes in the properties of the lens element caused by processing the lens element. Summary of the Invention

[0015] Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for determining a lens element, for example implemented by a computer device, wherein the lens element comprises:

[0016] - A retainer, the retainer comprising a refractive region having a first refractive power;

[0017] - A plurality of optical elements, said plurality of optical elements being disposed on at least one surface of the retainer, said plurality of optical elements having a second refractive power different from a first refractive power of the retainer; and

[0018] - At least one layer of at least one coating element, said at least one layer of said at least one coating element covering at least one area of ​​at least one optical element and at least one area of ​​the holder on which said optical element is placed,

[0019] The method includes:

[0020] - Provide lens data, which at least indicates the shape of the lens element to be determined, the shape of the lens element corresponding to the shape of the retainer and at least to the shape of the optical element of the lens element, the shape of the optical element being associated with the target optical function;

[0021] - Provide a coating lens transition rule associated with a coating process for a lens element including the optical element, the coating process being associated with the coating element, the coating lens transition rule corresponding to a change in the shape of the surface applied to the lens element including the optical element, to compensate for changes in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process; and

[0022] - The lens element, for example, is determined based on the lens data and the coating lens conversion rules, to be adapted to the wearer.

[0023] Advantageously, the design of the lens element is determined based on the lens data and the coating lens conversion rules, allowing for adjustments to the design of the uncovered lens element so that, once covered by the coating, a lens element with the target optical function, such as a lens element adapted to the wearer, is obtained.

[0024] According to further embodiments that can be considered individually or in combination:

[0025] The method further includes manufacturing, for example, a lens element adapted to the wearer based on a defined lens element; and / or

[0026] The method further includes coating at least one area of ​​the surface and at least one area of ​​the at least one optical element using at least one coating element based on the coating process.

[0027] This disclosure further relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a conversion rule associated with a coating process of a lens element, the method comprising:

[0028] - Provides a lens element, the lens element comprising:

[0029] o A retainer, the retainer including a refractive region having a first refractive power; o At least one optical element having at least one target optical function and disposed on at least one surface of the retainer, the at least one target optical function being different from the first refractive power.

[0030] - Based on a coating process, at least one coating element is used to coat at least one area of ​​the retainer and at least one area of ​​at least one optical element, the coating process being associated with the at least one coating element;

[0031] - Measure at least one optical property of at least one region of the at least one optical element covered by the coating element;

[0032] - Determine at least one optical characteristic error based on a comparison between at least one measured optical characteristic of the coated optical element and the at least one target optical function;

[0033] - Compile the information corresponding to the determined optical characteristic error into the database as correction information;

[0034] - Based on the correction information in the database, a conversion rule is determined that is associated with the coating process and the at least one optical element. The conversion rule corrects the original shape of the surface of the lens element of the at least one optical element, such that once coated by the at least one coating element, the at least one coated optical element achieves the target optical function.

[0035] According to further embodiments that can be considered individually or in combination:

[0036] - The method includes: prior to the measurement step, agglomerating the at least one coated element covering the region of the retainer and at least one region of at least one optical element; and / or

[0037] The method includes, following the coating step, a second step of coating at least one region of the retainer and at least one region of at least one optical element using at least one coating element based on a coating process associated with the at least one coating element; and / or

[0038] - The at least one coating element includes anti-wear features; and / or

[0039] The method includes step S30a of providing a mold for a human lens element and step S30b of obtaining a human lens element by molding; and / or

[0040] - The conversion rule is a coating lens conversion rule used to correct the original shape of the surface of a lens element including at least one optical element, such that once coated by at least one coating element, the at least one coated optical element achieves the target optical function; and / or

[0041] - The conversion rule is a coating mold conversion rule for the original shape of the surface of the mold for correcting lens elements, including at least one surface element corresponding to the at least one optical element, such that once molded and coated by the at least one coating element, at least one coated optical element of the molded and coated lens achieves the target optical function.

[0042] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a lens element, for example, adapted to a human body, said lens element comprising:

[0043] - A retainer, the retainer including a refractive region having a prescription-based refractive power for correcting abnormal refractive errors in a person;

[0044] - A plurality of optical elements, said plurality of optical elements being disposed on at least one surface of said retainer, to achieve at least one of the following: slowing down, delaying or preventing the development of abnormal refractive errors in the human eye; and

[0045] - At least one layer of at least one coating element, said at least one layer of said at least one coating element covering at least one area of ​​at least one optical element and at least one area of ​​the holder on which said optical element is placed,

[0046] Wherein, when measured on the region of the optical element covered by at least one layer of the at least one coating element, the at least one layer of the at least one coating element adds 0.1 diopter of optical power in absolute value under a specific wearing condition.

[0047] Advantageously, having at least one layer of the at least one coating element participate in the optical power of the optical element allows for the acquisition of a lens element comprising a coated optical element having specific target optical functions and specific processing. In other words, at least one layer of the at least one coating element participates in the optical function of the coated optical element while providing specific characteristics associated with the coating process of the processing.

[0048] According to further embodiments that can be considered individually or in combination:

[0049] - The specific wearing conditions correspond to the standard wearing conditions; and / or

[0050] - The abnormal refractive error of the eye is myopia; and / or

[0051] - At least one layer of the coating element covering at least one optical element is thicker at the periphery of the surface of the coated optical element; and / or

[0052] - At least one layer of the coating element covering at least one optical element is thicker at the center of the surface of the coated optical element than at the edge of the surface of the coated optical element; and / or

[0053] - At least a portion of the plurality of optical elements are arranged in at least one ring on at least one surface of the retainer; and / or

[0054] - The plurality of optical elements are arranged in a concentric ring on at least one surface of the retainer; and / or

[0055] - All coated optical elements placed in a concentric ring have the same average spherical power; and / or

[0056] - The average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element varies from the center to the edge of the lens element; and / or

[0057] - The average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element decreases from the center to the edge of the lens element; and / or

[0058] - The average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element increases from the center to the edge of the lens element; and / or

[0059] - At least a portion of the optical element is continuous.

[0060] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a mold for a lens element, the lens element comprising...

[0061] - A retainer, the retainer comprising a refractive region having refractive power;

[0062] - A plurality of optical elements, said plurality of optical elements being disposed on at least one surface of the retainer and having a target refractive power different from a first refractive power of the retainer; and

[0063] Wherein, at least one region of at least one optical element and at least one region of the holder on which the optical element is placed are intended to be covered by at least one layer of at least one coating element.

[0064] The method includes:

[0065] - Provide mold data, which at least indicates the initial shape of the mold, the initial shape of the mold corresponding to the shape of the surface of the retainer and at least to the shape of the optical element of the lens element, the shape of the optical element being associated with the target optical function;

[0066] - Provide a coating mold transition rule associated with a coating process for a lens element including the optical element, the coating process being associated with the coated element, the coating mold transition rule corresponding to a change in the shape applied to the mold to compensate for changes in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process; and

[0067] - The shape of the mold for the lens element is determined at least based on the mold data and the coating mold conversion rules.

[0068] Advantageously, determining the mold for the lens element based on the mold data and the coating mold conversion rules allows for adjustments to the mold design to easily produce a large number of uncovered lens elements so that, once covered by the coating, a lens element with accurate handling, for example, adapted to the wearer, is obtained.

[0069] According to further embodiments that can be considered individually or in combination:

[0070] The method further includes providing a cooling transition law associated with the cooling process of a molded lens element including optical elements, the cooling transition law corresponding to a change in the shape applied to the mold to compensate for changes in the target optical function of the optical element caused by shrinkage of the lens element material during the cooling process, wherein the shape of the mold for the lens element is determined based on the mold data, the coating mold transition law and the cooling transition law.

[0071] This disclosure further relates to a mold for a lens element comprising a plurality of optical elements having a target optical function and intended to be covered by at least one layer of at least one coating element, the mold comprising:

[0072] - A first molded element having a first surface, the first surface having a first surface curvature and including a plurality of surface elements having at least a second surface curvature different from the first surface curvature.

[0073] - A second molded element having a second surface

[0074] - A washer with an inner and outer surface.

[0075] The first surface of the first molding element, the second surface of the second element, and the inner surface of the gasket form a molding cavity, and the molding material will fill the molding cavity.

[0076] According to further embodiments that can be considered individually or in combination:

[0077] - The gasket includes an opening through which the molding material is injected into the molding cavity; and / or

[0078] - The molding material is a thermoplastic material injected into the molding cavity; and / or

[0079] - The molding material is a casting material that is poured into the molding cavity and polymerized; and / or

[0080] - At least a portion, for example 50%, preferably 80%, more preferably all of the surface elements, have an axis of symmetry (Di); and / or

[0081] - The plurality of surface elements have an external shape that can be inscribed within a circle (C) with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 3.0 mm; and / or

[0082] - The axis of symmetry (Di) of the surface element is also the center of the corresponding circle (C); and / or

[0083] - The average surface curvature of the surface element in the central region of the surface element differs from the average surface curvature of the surface element in the peripheral region of the surface element. The central region of the surface element corresponds to a circular region included in the circle (C), the circular region having the same center as the circle (C) and a radius equal to 0.75 times the radius of the circle (C). The peripheral region of the surface element corresponds to concentric rings of the circle (C), the concentric rings being located at a distance of at least 0.75 times the surface radius of the surface element; and / or

[0084] - A cross-section along the surface element at the intersection of its axis of symmetry (Di) and the surface element, wherein the surface curvature of the surface element increases along the cross-section from the intersection to a first point and decreases from the first point to the periphery of the cross-section; and / or

[0085] - At least two of the plurality of surface elements are discontinuous; and / or

[0086] - At least two of the plurality of surface elements are consecutive; and / or

[0087] - The plurality of surface elements are positioned in a structured network; and / or

[0088] -The plurality of surface elements are positioned along a plurality of concentric rings; and / or

[0089] - The surface curvatures of the surface elements placed in the same concentric ring are the same;

[0090] - The plurality of concentric rings of surface elements are centered on the geometric center of the first surface of the first molded element; and / or

[0091] - Along at least one cross-section of the first molded element, the surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements increases from a point on the cross-section toward the peripheral portion of the cross-section; and / or

[0092] - Along at least one cross-section of the first molded element passing through the geometric center of the first surface of the molded element, the surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements increases from the geometric center toward the peripheral portion of the cross-section; and / or

[0093] - Along at least one cross-section of the first molded element, the surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements increases from a first point of the cross-section toward the peripheral portion of the cross-section, and decreases from a second point of the cross-section toward the peripheral portion of the cross-section, the second point being closer to the peripheral portion of the cross-section than the first point; and / or

[0094] - For each circular region with a radius between 4 mm and 8 mm and including the geometric center of the first surface of the first molded element with a radius greater than or equal to the radius + 5 mm, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the portions of the plurality of surface elements located within the circular region to the area of ​​the circular region is between 20% and 70%. Attached Figure Description

[0095] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the following accompanying drawings, in which:

[0096] - Figure 1 The figure shows a plan view of a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0097] - Figure 2 The figure illustrates the general outline of a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0098] - Figure 3 An exploded view of a mold for a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0099] - Figure 4 The illustration shows a flowchart embodiment of a method for determining a lens element according to the present disclosure.

[0100] - Figure 5 The illustration shows a flowchart embodiment of a method for determining a mold for a lens element according to the present disclosure.

[0101] - Figure 6 The illustration shows a flowchart embodiment of a method for determining a conversion rule associated with a coating process on the surface of a lens element according to the present disclosure.

[0102] - Figure 7 The figure shows a close-up plan view of a coated optical element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0103] Figure 8 illustrates different close-up outline views of the optical elements of a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0104] - Figure 9 The illustration shows a plan view of a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and

[0105] - Figure 10 The illustration shows a plan view of a lens element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0106] The elements in the accompanying drawings are illustrated for simplicity and clarity only and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the drawings may be enlarged relative to other elements to aid in understanding the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0107] This disclosure relates to a method for determining, for example, a lens element adapted to a wearer.

[0108] In the context of this disclosure, the term "lens element" may refer to a lens blank having a finished surface and an unfinished surface, wherein the unfinished surface is intended to be surface-treated to provide an uncut optical lens, an uncut optical lens, or an eyeglass optical lens that has been edged to fit a particular eyeglass frame, or an ophthalmic lens.

[0109] The lens element according to this disclosure is described as adapted to a person and intended to be worn in front of said person's eye to prevent or at least slow the development of abnormal refractive errors of the eye, such as myopia or hyperopia. However, those skilled in the art will clearly see that the lens element may have any optical function, such as an optical function not adapted to the wearer.

[0110] like Figure 1 As shown, the lens element 2 according to this disclosure includes a retainer 4 having a refractive region 6 and a plurality of optical elements 8 disposed on at least one surface of the retainer.

[0111] The retainer 4 is made of, for example, polycarbonate material.

[0112] Refractive region 6 has a first refractive power, which is, for example, based on a prescription for the human eye. The prescription is adapted to correct abnormal refractive errors in the human eye.

[0113] The term "prescription" should be understood as a set of optical characteristics, including power, astigmatism, and prism deviation, determined by an ophthalmologist or optometrist to correct visual defects, for example, by means of a lens positioned in front of the wearer's eyes. For example, a prescription for myopia includes a power value and an astigmatism value with an axis for distance vision.

[0114] For example, the shape of the refractive region 6 is spherical. The shape of the other side is configured such that the refractive region has the optical function of focusing an image onto the retina.

[0115] For example, the shape of the second surface is a spherical-tortuosity. Advantageously, the shape of the second surface is aspherical and is calculated through optical optimization such that each beam of light incident on the refractive region 6 is focused onto the wearer's retina when the lens is worn.

[0116] The refractive region 6 is preferably formed by a region not covered by any of the multiple optical elements 8. In other words, the refractive region is a region complementary to the region formed by the multiple optical elements 8.

[0117] According to different embodiments of this disclosure, the abnormal refractive error of the eye is myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism.

[0118] The lens element 2 according to this disclosure further includes a plurality of optical elements 8. The optical elements 8 are disposed on at least one surface of the retainer 4. Preferably, the optical elements 8 are disposed on the front side of the lens element 2. The front side, or "object-side," of the lens element 2 corresponds to the side of the lens element that does not face the human eye.

[0119] In the sense of this disclosure, the term "multiple" should be understood as "at least three".

[0120] At least one of the plurality of optical elements 8 has a second optical function, such as an optical function that does not focus the image onto the retina of the wearer's eye. In other words, at least one of the plurality of optical elements 8 has an optical function that focuses the image in front of and / or behind the wearer's retina.

[0121] When the abnormal refractive error of a person's eye corresponds to myopia, the optical element 8 has the optical function of focusing the image in front of the retina of the wearer's eye when worn by the wearer.

[0122] When the abnormal refractive error of a person's eye corresponds to hyperopia, the optical element 8 has the optical function of focusing the image behind the retina of the wearer's eye when worn by the wearer.

[0123] Preferably, at least 30%, for example at least 80%, for example all optical elements have the optical function of focusing the image on a location other than the retina.

[0124] In the sense of this disclosure, “focusing” should be understood as producing a focused spot with a circular cross-section that can be reduced to a point in the focal plane.

[0125] Advantageously, this optical function of the optical element generates an optical signal that inhibits retinal deformation in the wearer's eye, allowing the prevention or at least slowing of the development of abnormal refractive errors in the eye of the person wearing lens element 2.

[0126] like Figure 2 As shown, the lens element 2 includes at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element. The at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element covers at least one area of ​​at least one optical element 8 and at least one area of ​​the holder 4 on which these optical elements are placed.

[0127] At least one layer 10 of at least one coating element can be characterized by different parameters such as refractive index and thickness. The coating 10 is also defined by a coating process characterized by different parameters, such as curing time or temperature and / or viscosity of the coating element during the coating operation.

[0128] At least one layer 10 of at least one coated element is characterized by its refractive index and local thickness, and thus participates in the optical function of the optical element.

[0129] Moreover, when at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element is applied to a lens element, the viscosity of at least one coating element combined with the complex shape of the surface of the lens element comprising multiple optical elements may result in uneven redistribution of the at least one coating element on the surface of the lens element.

[0130] like Figure 4 As shown, the method for determining a lens according to this disclosure includes step S2 of providing lens data. The lens data at least indicates the shape of the lens element to be determined.

[0131] The shape of the lens element corresponds to the shape of the retainer, and at least to the shape of the optical element of the lens element to be determined. The shape of the retainer is associated with a prescription for correcting refractive errors in the human eye. The shape of the optical element is associated with the target optical function of the optical element.

[0132] The method for determining a lens element according to this disclosure further includes step S4 of providing a coating lens conversion rule associated with a coating process for a lens element including optical elements. The coating process is associated with at least one coating element.

[0133] The coating process may further involve the shape of the surface of the lens element carrying the optical element 8, the shape of the optical element, the target thickness of at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element, and the application conditions of at least one coating element.

[0134] For example, the application conditions for at least one coating element may involve the pull-out speed of a dip-coating process or the rotation speed of a spin-coating process. The application conditions may also be related to drying parameters.

[0135] The coating lens conversion law corresponds to the shape change of the surface of the lens element, including optical element 8, applied to compensate for the change in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process.

[0136] For example, for a particular coating process, at least one coating 10 of at least one coated element may be thicker near the optical center of the optical element 8 than at its periphery. This will result in the optical power of the coated optical element 8 differing from its target optical power. In this case, the coating lens conversion law will correspond to the shape transformation applied to the surface of the lens element including the optical element 8 in order to obtain a coated optical element with an optical power as close as possible to the target optical power of the optical element.

[0137] Advantageously, the conversion law of the coated lens can be determined by the method according to another aspect of this disclosure.

[0138] The method for determining a lens element according to this disclosure further includes step S6, which involves determining a lens element adapted to the wearer based at least on lens data and coating lens conversion rules.

[0139] Advantageously, the design of the lens element, which allows for adjustment of the uncovered lens element, is determined based on lens data and coating transition rules so that once covered by the coating, a lens element with accurate handling, for example, adapted to the wearer, is obtained.

[0140] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the method for determining a lens element may further include step S8 of manufacturing a lens element 2 determined based on lens data and coating transition rules associated with the coating process.

[0141] Furthermore, the method for determining the lens element may further include step S10, which involves coating at least one region of the retainer and at least one region of the optical element using at least one coating element based on a coating process.

[0142] In addition, the method for determining a lens element according to this disclosure may further include the step of polymerizing at least one coating element of the region of the cover retainer and the region of at least one optical element.

[0143] The method according to this disclosure may include a second step, following the coating step, of coating at least one region of the holder and at least one region of the optical element using at least one coating element based on the coating process.

[0144] At least one coating element used in the second coating step may be the same as at least one coating element used in the first coating step.

[0145] At least one coating element may include features selected from the group consisting of: scratch resistance, anti-reflective properties, stain resistance, dust resistance, UV filtration, and blue light filtration. Advantageously, at least one coating element may include an anti-abrasion feature.

[0146] This disclosure further relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a mold for a lens element (e.g., a lens component).

[0147] like Figure 3 As shown, the mold 20 for lens element 2 according to this disclosure includes a first molding element 21, a second molding element 22 and a gasket 23, the lens element including a plurality of optical elements 8 having a target optical function and intended to be covered by at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element.

[0148] The first surface 24 of the first molded element 21 has a first surface curvature. For example, the first surface 24 has a spherical surface curvature. Alternatively, the first surface 24 may have an aspherical surface curvature and / or a cylindrical surface curvature and / or a tortuous surface curvature. The first surface 24 of the first molded element 21 corresponds to the surface of the retainer 4 of the lens element 2. For example, the first surface 24 may correspond to the surface of the retainer 4 having optical functions based on the wearer's prescription.

[0149] The first molded element 21 further includes a plurality of surface elements 26, which have at least a second surface curvature different from the first curvature of the first surface 24. For example, the surface elements 26 of the first surface 24 of the first molded element 21 may correspond to the optical element 8 of the lens 2.

[0150] A portion, preferably all, of the multiple surface elements 26 have an axis of symmetry (Di).

[0151] The plurality of surface elements 26 have an external shape that can be inscribed within a circle (C) with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 3.0 mm. The circle (C) can be a surface of the surface element, for example, a planar projection onto a plane orthogonal to the axis of symmetry of the surface element.

[0152] The axis of symmetry of each surface element 26 may correspond to the center of the circle in which each surface element is correspondingly inscribed.

[0153] The second surface curvature of at least one of the plurality of surface elements 26 may be a spherical and / or aspherical and / or cylindrical and / or complex surface curvature. The plurality of surface elements 26 of the first molded element 21 correspond to optical elements 8 placed on the retainer 4 of the lens element 12.

[0154] In the sense of this disclosure, aspherical surface elements have a continuous evolution on their surface.

[0155] For each surface element 26, a central region and a peripheral region may be defined. The central region of the surface element corresponds to a circular region included in a circle (C), the circular region having the same center as the circle (C) and a radius equal to 0.75 times the radius of the circle (C). The peripheral region of the surface element corresponds to a concentric ring of the circle (C), the concentric ring being at a distance of at least 0.75 times the radius of the circle (C).

[0156] The average surface curvature of the surface element differs in the central region from that in the peripheral region. For example, the average surface curvature in the central region is higher than that in the peripheral region. Alternatively, the average surface curvature in the central region may be lower than that in the peripheral region.

[0157] Along the cross section of surface element 26, that is, the cross section passing through the axis of symmetry (Di) of the surface element, the surface curvature of the surface element increases from the intersection of the axis of symmetry and the surface of the surface element to a first point, and decreases from the first point to the periphery of the surface element.

[0158] At least one, preferably 50%, more preferably greater than 80%, of the plurality of surface elements 26 may have a toric surface. A toric surface is a surface of revolution, which can be generated by rotating a circle or arc about an axis of rotation (ultimately located at infinity) that does not pass through its center of curvature. The toric surface element has two distinct radial profiles that are perpendicular to each other.

[0159] A complex surface element can be a pure cylindrical lens, meaning that the minimum meridian is zero, while the maximum meridian is strictly positive.

[0160] According to embodiments of this disclosure, at least two of the plurality of surface elements 26 are discontinuous. In the sense of this disclosure, two surface elements are discontinuous if the first surface curvature of the first surface 24 of the first molded element 21 can be measured along at least a portion of each path for all paths connecting the two surface elements.

[0161] According to embodiments of this disclosure, at least two of the plurality of surface elements 26 are continuous. In the sense of this disclosure, two surface elements are continuous if, for at least one path connecting the two surface elements, the first surface curvature of the first surface 24 of the first molded element 21 cannot be measured along said at least one path.

[0162] For example, at least some, for example all, of the multiple surface elements 26 can be positioned as a structured network.

[0163] According to embodiments of this disclosure, at least a portion, for example, all of the plurality of surface elements 26 are arranged on the first surface of the first molding element in a rotationally symmetrical manner about an axis, for example, centered on the geometric center of the first surface 24 of the first molding element 21. In other words, at least a portion of the plurality of surface elements 16 may be regularly distributed along at least one circle centered on the geometric center of the first surface 24 of the first molding element 21.

[0164] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least a portion, for example all, of a plurality of surface elements 26 are placed in at least one ring on the first surface 24 of the first molded element 21.

[0165] Multiple surface elements may be further organized in concentric rings on the first surface of the first molding element. For example, multiple surface elements 26 are positioned along a set of 11 concentric rings on the entire first surface 24 of the first molding element 21. The concentric rings of surface elements may be centered on the geometric center of the first surface 24 of the first molding element 21.

[0166] The average surface curvature of the multiple surface elements 26 can be the same for all surface elements in the same concentric ring. In particular, the average surface curvature of the central region of the surface elements 26 in the same concentric ring is the same.

[0167] According to other embodiments of this disclosure, the plurality of surface elements 26 may be organized in different patterns (e.g., square patterns).

[0168] The plurality of surface elements 26 can be configured such that along at least one cross section of the first molding element 21, the average surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements, for example the average surface curvature of the central region of the plurality of surface elements 26, increases from a point on the cross section toward the peripheral portion of the cross section.

[0169] The plurality of surface elements 26 can be configured such that, along at least one cross-section passing through the geometric center of the first surface 24 of the first molding element 21, the average surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements 26 increases from the geometric center toward the peripheral portion of the cross-section. For example, the average surface curvature of the central region of the surface element 26 increases from the geometric center toward the periphery along the cross-section passing through the geometric center of the first surface of the first molding element. Similarly, the average surface curvature of the peripheral region of the surface element can increase from the geometric center toward the periphery along the cross-section passing through the geometric center of the first surface of the first molding element.

[0170] The plurality of surface elements 26 may be configured such that along at least one cross section of the first molding element 21, for example, a cross section passing through the geometric center of the first surface of the first molding element, the average surface curvature of the plurality of surface elements 26, for example, the average surface curvature of the central region of the plurality of surface elements, increases from a first point of the cross section toward the peripheral portion of the cross section and decreases from a second point of the cross section toward the peripheral portion of the cross section, the second point being closer to the peripheral portion of the cross section than the first point.

[0171] For each circular region with a radius between 4 mm and 8 mm, including the geometric center of the first surface of a first molded element with a radius greater than or equal to the radius + 5 mm, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the plurality of surface elements located within the circular region to the area of ​​the circular region is between 20% and 70%.

[0172] The mold 20 for lens element 2 further includes a second molding element 22. The second molding element 22 has a second surface 25. Figure 3 The second surface 25 of the second molding element 22 is not shown because it faces the first surface 24 of the first molding element.

[0173] The mold 20 for lens element 2 further includes a washer 23. The washer 23 has an annular shape and includes an inner surface 23a and an outer surface 23b. The washer 23 further includes an opening 27.

[0174] The gasket 23 seals the first molding element 21 and the second molding element 22 together to form a molding cavity 28. The molding cavity 28 is defined by a first surface 24 of the first molding element 21 including a surface element 26, a second surface 25 of the second molding element 22, and an inner surface 23a of the gasket 23.

[0175] The molding cavity 28 of the mold 20 for lens element 2 is filled with molding material through opening 27. Although shown in washer 23, opening 27 may alternatively be placed on the first molding element or the second molding element.

[0176] For example, the molding material can be casting material injected into the molding cavity through the opening 27 of the washer 23. The casting material in the molding cavity further polymerizes into lens material, thereby forming lens element 2.

[0177] Alternatively, the molding material can be a thermoplastic material. The thermoplastic material, in a first liquid state at a first temperature, is injected into the molding cavity 28 through opening 27. During cooling, the thermoplastic material changes from the first liquid state to a second solid state corresponding to the lens material of the lens element 2.

[0178] like Figure 5As shown, the method for determining a mold for a lens according to this disclosure includes step S12 of providing mold data. The mold data at least indicates the initial shape of the mold used for the lens element to be determined.

[0179] The initial shape of the mold for the lens element corresponds to the shape of the first surface of the first molded element, which includes multiple surface elements, and also corresponds to the shape of the surface of the multiple surface elements. The shape of the first surface of the first molded element corresponds to the shape of the retainer of the lens element associated with a prescription for correcting abnormal refractive errors in a human eye. The shapes of the surfaces of the multiple surface elements correspond to the shape of the optical element of the lens element associated with the target optical function of the optical element.

[0180] The method for determining a mold for a lens element according to this disclosure further includes step S14 of providing a coating mold conversion rule associated with a coating process for a lens element including optical elements. The coating process is associated with at least one coated element.

[0181] The coating process may further involve the shape of the surface of the lens element carrying the optical element 8, the shape of the optical element, the target thickness of at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element, and the application conditions of at least one coating element.

[0182] For example, the application conditions for at least one coating element may involve the pull-out speed of a dip-coating process or the rotation speed of a spin-coating process. The application conditions may also be related to drying parameters.

[0183] The coating mold transformation law corresponds to the change in the shape of the initial surface of the mold applied to the lens element, in order to compensate for the change in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process.

[0184] For example, for a particular coating process, at least one coating 10 of at least one coated element may be thicker near the optical center of the optical element 8 than at its periphery. This will result in the optical power of the coated optical element 8 differing from its target optical power. In this case, the coating mold transformation law will correspond to the transformation of the shape of the initial first surface 24, which includes multiple surface elements, applied to the first molding element 21, in order to obtain a coated optical element with an optical power as close as possible to the target optical power of the optical element.

[0185] Advantageously, the coating mold conversion law can be determined by a method according to another aspect of this disclosure.

[0186] The method for determining a mold for a lens element according to this disclosure further includes step S16, which involves determining the shape of a mold for adapting a lens element to a wearer based at least on mold data and coating mold conversion rules.

[0187] Advantageously, determining the mold for the lens element based on mold data and coating mold conversion rules allows for adjustments to the design of the mold's first surface and surface elements to provide an uncovered lens element, which, once covered by the coating, is adapted to become a lens element for precise processing, for example, adapted to the wearer.

[0188] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for determining a mold for a lens element includes a step S15 of providing a cooling conversion law before the step of determining the shape of the mold.

[0189] The cooling conversion law is related to the cooling process of molded lens elements, including optical components.

[0190] The cooling conversion law corresponds to the transformation applied to the mold shape to compensate for the change in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the shrinkage of the lens element material during the cooling process.

[0191] The shape of the mold used for lens components can be further determined based on mold data, coating mold conversion rules, and cooling conversion rules.

[0192] The method may further include a step S18 of manufacturing a lens element. The lens element may be manufactured by casting a molding material and polymerizing the molding material or by injecting the molding material and cooling the molding material.

[0193] The method may further include step S20, which involves coating the molded lens element based on a coating process.

[0194] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a method implemented by a computer device for determining a conversion law associated with a coating process of a lens element.

[0195] like Figure 6 As shown, the method for determining the conversion rules associated with the coating process of a lens element according to this disclosure includes:

[0196] - Step S30a of providing a mold for a lens element and step S30b of obtaining a lens element,

[0197] - Step S32: Providing lens elements

[0198] Step S34: Coating at least one area of ​​the retainer and at least one area of ​​at least one optical element.

[0199] Step S36: Measuring at least one optical property of at least one region of at least one optical element covered by the coating element.

[0200] - Step S38: Determining at least one optical characteristic error

[0201] - Step S40, which compiles information corresponding to the determined optical characteristic error, and

[0202] - Step S42: Determine the transformation rules.

[0203] In step S32, a lens element, for example, adapted to a human body, is provided.

[0204] Alternatively, the method may include step S30a of providing a mold for a lens element and step S30b of obtaining the lens element by molding.

[0205] The lens element includes a retainer that includes a refractive region having a first refractive power. For example, the lens element may be adapted to a person, and the first refractive power may be based on a prescription for correcting an abnormal refractive error in the person's eye.

[0206] The lens element further includes at least one optical element having at least one target optical function and disposed on at least one surface of the retainer. The target optical function of the at least one optical element may be to focus an image in front of and / or behind the wearer's retina to prevent or at least slow the development of abnormal refractive errors in the human eye.

[0207] During step S34, at least one region of the retainer and at least one region of the optical element are coated using at least one coating element based on a coating process. The coating process is associated with at least one coating element.

[0208] The coating process may further involve the shape of the lens element, the shape of the optical element, the target thickness of the coating on at least one coating element, and the application conditions of at least one coating element.

[0209] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the method for determining a transition law associated with a coating process of a lens element may further include a second step S342, following the coating step, applying at least one region of a retainer and at least one region of at least one optical element using at least one coating element based on the coating process. The coating process is associated with at least one coating element.

[0210] At least one coating element used in coating step S34 may be the same as the coating element used in coating step S342. Preferably, at least one coating element used in coating step S342 is different from at least one coating element used in coating step S34.

[0211] At least one coating element may include features selected from the group consisting of: scratch resistance, anti-reflective properties, stain resistance, dust resistance, UV filtration, and blue light filtration. Advantageously, at least one coating element may include an anti-abrasion feature.

[0212] The method according to this disclosure may further include step S344, which involves polymerizing at least one region of the cover retainer and at least one region of at least one optical element with at least one coating element.

[0213] The method according to this disclosure may further include a second step of polymerizing at least one coating element of at least one region of the cover holder and at least one region of at least one optical element, following the second coating step S342.

[0214] During step S36, at least one optical characteristic of at least one region of at least one optical element covered by the coating element is measured. The optical characteristic of the region of the optical element refers at least to optical power.

[0215] In step S38, at least one optical characteristic error is determined by comparing at least one measured optical characteristic of the coated optical element with at least one target optical function.

[0216] In step S40, information corresponding to the determined optical characteristic error is compiled into the database as correction information.

[0217] In step S42, the conversion rules associated with at least one coating process and at least one optical element are determined based on the correction information in the database.

[0218] The conversion rule can be a coated lens conversion rule used to correct the original shape of the surface of a lens element including at least one optical element, such that once coated by at least one coating element, the at least one coated optical element achieves the target optical function.

[0219] Alternatively, the conversion rule can be a coating mold conversion rule for a mold used to correct lens elements, comprising the original shape of the surface of at least one surface element corresponding to at least one optical element, such that once molded and coated by at least one coating element, at least one coated optical element of the molded and coated lens achieves the target optical function.

[0220] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a method for determining a conversion rule associated with a coating process of a lens element may include a step S32 of providing a lens element, a step S24 of coating the lens element, a step S26 of measuring optical properties, a step S26 of determining an optical property error, and a step of determining a conversion rule based on the determined optical property error, wherein these steps are repeated until the optimal conversion rule is determined. The optimal conversion rule corresponds to a conversion rule in which the change in lens element characteristics caused by the coating is best compensated.

[0221] Another aspect of this disclosure relates to a lens element, for example, adapted to a wearer, the lens element comprising a retainer 4 having a refractive region 6, a plurality of optical elements 8 disposed on at least one surface of the retainer, and at least one coating element 10 covering at least one region of at least one optical element 8 and at least one region of the retainer 4 on which the optical elements are disposed.

[0222] When measured on an area of ​​an optical element covered by the layer of the coating element, at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element adds 0.1 diopter of optical power in absolute value under a specific wearing condition.

[0223] In other words, when the abnormal refractive power of a person's eye corresponds to myopia, at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element increases the optical power by 0.1 diopters in absolute value in the area of ​​the optical element covered by the coating under a specific wearing condition.

[0224] When an abnormal refractive error in a person's eye corresponds to hyperopia, at least one layer 10 of at least one coating element reduces the optical power by 0.1 diopters in the area of ​​the optical element covered by the coating under specific wearing conditions.

[0225] Advantageously, the optical power of at least one layer of at least one coated element participating in the optical element allows for the acquisition of a lens element that includes a coated optical element with specific target optical functions and a specific treatment. In other words, at least one layer of at least one coated element participates in the optical function of the coated optical element while providing specific characteristics associated with the coating process of the treatment.

[0226] Specific wearing conditions can be the same as standard wearing conditions.

[0227] Specific wearing conditions can be personalized wearing conditions measured on the wearer when the wearer is wearing the frames he / she has chosen.

[0228] Wearing conditions should be understood as the position of the lens element relative to the wearer's eyes, defined by factors such as the anterior tilt angle, the distance from the cornea to the lens, the distance from the pupil to the cornea, the distance from the center of rotation of the eye (CRE) to the pupil, the distance from the CRE to the lens, and the wrap angle.

[0229] The corneal-to-lens distance is the distance between the cornea and the posterior surface of the lens along the visual axis of the eye in its primary position (which is usually considered to be horizontal), for example, equal to 12 mm.

[0230] The pupil-corneal distance is the distance between the pupil and the cornea along the visual axis of the eye, and is usually equal to 2 mm.

[0231] The distance from the CRE to the pupil is the distance along the visual axis of the eye between the cornea at its center of rotation (CRE) and the cornea, for example, equal to 11.5 mm.

[0232] The distance from the CRE to the lens is the distance between the CRE of the eye and the posterior surface of the lens along the visual axis of the eye in the first eye position (which is usually considered to be horizontal), for example, equal to 25.5 mm.

[0233] The tilt angle is the angle in a vertical plane, for example, equal to 8°, at the intersection of the posterior surface of the lens and the visual axis of the eye in the first eye position (which is usually considered to be horizontal), between the normal to the posterior surface of the lens and the visual axis of the eye in the first eye position.

[0234] The wrap angle is the angle in a horizontal plane, for example, equal to 0°, at the intersection of the posterior surface of the lens and the visual axis of the eye in the first eye position (which is usually considered horizontal), between the normal of the posterior surface of the lens and the visual axis of the eye in the first eye position.

[0235] Examples of standard wearer conditions can be defined by an 8° anterior tilt angle, a 12mm corneal-to-lens distance, a 2mm pupil-to-corneal distance, an 11.5mm CRE-to-pupil distance, a 25.5mm CRE-to-lens distance, and a 0° wrap angle.

[0236] According to embodiments of this disclosure, for at least one coated optical element, the thickness of at least one coating 10 of at least one coated element varies on the surface of the optical element.

[0237] For each point of the lens element 2, the thickness of the abrasion-resistant element coating 10 corresponds to the length of a straight line at the specific point on the surface that is orthogonal to the surface of the lens element and passes through at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element.

[0238] In the sense of this disclosure, a coated optical element corresponds to an optical element covered by at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element.

[0239] like Figure 7As shown, the coated optical element has an inscribed shape within a circle L, which represents the surface of the coated optical element. The center 12 of the coated optical element should be understood as a region included within the circle L, having the same center as the circle L and a radius equal to 0.75 times the radius of the circle L. The periphery 14 of the coated optical element should be understood as concentric rings of the circle L, located at a distance of at least 0.75 times the radius of the surface of the coated optical element.

[0240] Figure 8A The illustration shows a coated optical element covered by a uniform layer of at least one coating element.

[0241] like Figure 8B As shown, at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element may be thicker at the periphery of the surface of the coated optical element than at the optical center of the coated optical element.

[0242] like Figure 8C As shown, at least one coating 10 of at least one coating element may be thicker at the center of the surface of the coated optical element than at the edge of the surface of the coated optical element.

[0243] refer to Figure 8B and Figure 8C The dashed lines represent changes in the shape applied to the optical element to compensate for alterations in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process. This results in the coating element having an uneven thickness on the optical element.

[0244] Optical element 8 can be as follows Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, this is a discontinuous optical element.

[0245] In the sense of this disclosure, if the refractive power can be measured along at least a portion of each path based on a human eye prescription for all paths connecting the two optical elements, then the two optical elements are discontinuous.

[0246] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, at least a portion of a plurality of optical elements are arranged in at least one ring on at least one surface of a lens element.

[0247] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a plurality of optical elements are arranged in concentric rings on at least one surface of the lens element 2.

[0248] refer to Figure 9 Multiple coated optical elements are positioned along a set of 11 concentric rings on the entire surface of the lens element.

[0249] According to other embodiments of this disclosure, multiple optical elements can be organized in different patterns (e.g., square patterns).

[0250] According to embodiments of this disclosure, all coated elements 8 placed in a ring have the same average spherical power. In the sense of this disclosure, the term "same" should be understood as being in the range of approximately 5% of the value.

[0251] Although this is part of the technical knowledge of those skilled in the art, please refer to the definition of mean spherical power disclosed in WO2016 / 146590.

[0252] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical elements varies depending on the position of the optical elements on the lens element, and more specifically, depends on the distance between the optical elements and the geometric center of the lens element.

[0253] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element increases from the center to the edge of the lens element.

[0254] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element decreases from the center to the edge of the lens element.

[0255] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, the average spherical power of at least a portion of the coated optical element increases from the center to the edge of the lens element.

[0256] according to Figure 10 In the embodiments of this disclosure shown, the coated optical elements are continuous.

[0257] In the sense of this disclosure, two optical elements are considered continuous if, for at least one path connecting two optical elements, the refractive power cannot be measured along said at least one path based on a prescription for the human eye.

[0258] Advantageously, each of these configurations of coated optical elements allows for a balance between slowing the development of abnormal refractive errors in the human eye and maintaining acceptable visual performance and / or wearing comfort.

[0259] The present disclosure has been described above with the aid of embodiments without limiting the general inventive concept.

[0260] Many further modifications and variations will be made by those skilled in the art upon reference to the foregoing illustrative embodiments. These embodiments are given by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, which is defined solely by the appended claims.

[0261] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a (a) or (an)" does not exclude a plural. The mere fact that different features are described in mutually different dependent claims does not imply that combinations of these features cannot be used advantageously. Any reference numerals in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A mold for a lens element, the lens element comprising a retainer and a plurality of optical elements having a target optical function and intended to be covered by at least one layer of at least one coating element, the mold comprising: - A first molded element having a first surface, the first surface having a first surface curvature and including a plurality of surface elements having at least a second surface curvature different from the first surface curvature. - A second molded element having a second surface - A washer with an inner and outer surface. Wherein, the first surface of the first molded element, the second surface of the second element, and the inner surface of the gasket form a molding cavity, and molding material is filled into the molding cavity. The shape of the mold is determined based on mold data and a coating mold conversion rule. The mold data indicates at least the initial shape of the mold, which corresponds to the shape of the surface of the retainer and at least the shape of the optical element of the lens element. The coating mold conversion rule is associated with the coating process of the lens element having at least one coating element and corresponds to the shape change applied to the mold to compensate for the change in the target optical function of the optical element caused by the coating process.

2. The mold according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the plurality of surface elements has an axis of symmetry (Di).

3. The mold according to claim 2, wherein, The axis of symmetry (Di) of the surface element is the center of the corresponding circle (C).

4. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The average surface curvature of the surface element in the central region of the surface element is different from the average surface curvature of the surface element in the peripheral region of the surface element. The central region of the surface element corresponds to a circular region included in the circle (C), the circular region having the same center as the circle (C) and a radius equal to 0.75 times the radius of the circle (C). The peripheral region of the surface element corresponds to a concentric ring of the circle (C), the concentric ring being located at a distance of at least 0.75 times the surface radius of the surface element.

5. The mold according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein, Along a cross section of the surface element at the intersection of the surface element's axis of symmetry (Di) and the surface element, the surface curvature of the surface element increases from the intersection to a first point and decreases from the first point to the periphery of the cross section.

6. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least two of the plurality of surface elements are discontinuous.

7. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least two of the plurality of surface elements are consecutive.

8. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The multiple surface elements are positioned in a structured network.

9. The mold according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of concentric rings of surface elements are centered on the geometric center of the first surface of the first molded element.

10. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, Along at least one cross section passing through the geometric center of the first surface of the first molding element, the average surface curvature in the central region of the surface element intersecting the cross section increases from the geometric center toward the peripheral portion of the cross section.

11. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, Along at least one cross section passing through the geometric center of the first molding element, the average surface curvature in the central region of the surface element intersecting the cross section increases from a first point of the cross section toward the peripheral portion of the cross section, and decreases from a second point of the cross section toward the peripheral portion of the cross section, the second point being closer to the peripheral portion of the cross section than the first point.

12. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, For each circular region with a radius between 4 mm and 8 mm, including the geometric center of the first surface of the first molded element with a radius greater than or equal to the radius + 5 mm, the ratio of the sum of the areas of the portions of the plurality of surface elements located within the circular region to the area of ​​the circular region is between 20% and 70%.

13. The mold according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein, The plurality of surface elements have an external shape that can be inscribed within a circle (C) on the first surface, with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.8 mm and less than or equal to 3.0 mm.

14. The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The plurality of surface elements are positioned along a plurality of concentric rings.

15. The mold according to claim 14, wherein, The surface elements placed in the same concentric ring have the same surface curvature.

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