Method and device for automatically switching between omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of data transmission link control technology, and specifically relates to a method and device for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna. The method includes obtaining the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground. 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna is D 空max , and pitch angle α; select the distance protection interval D 间隔 , angular protection interval β; when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is less than D 地max ‑D 间隔 , or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is less than D 空max ‑D 间隔 When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than α‑β and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max This application significantly reduces the workload of link monitoring operators and ensures smooth link switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of data transmission link control, and specifically relates to a method and device for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna. Background Art

[0002] High-speed data transmission links in line-of-sight ground data terminals are typically equipped with omnidirectional and directional antennas. Due to the high radial acceleration of aircraft, directional antennas cannot track and align with drones. Therefore, omnidirectional antennas are used during close-range, high-speed taxiing and overhead flight. Conversely, directional antennas are used during takeoff and landing, as well as during mission execution. Currently, switching between omnidirectional and directional antennas in line-of-sight links is primarily performed by the link monitoring operator based on antenna communication range and link communication status, taking into account the aircraft's relative position to the line-of-sight link ground equipment, and combining operational experience. When the aircraft approaches the antenna switching range and the link bit error rate decreases rapidly, the operator manually switches between omnidirectional and directional antennas in the line-of-sight link.

[0003] The main problem in the existing technology is that the above-mentioned switching is highly dependent on the experience of the link monitoring operator, requiring the link monitoring operator to pay close attention to the use status of the line-of-sight ground antenna, and when it is necessary to monitor the links of multiple aircraft, it is difficult for a single person to complete it. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a method and device for automatic switching between omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas. Combined with the glide and flight profile characteristics of UAVs, based on the performance limitations of omnidirectional and directional antennas in high-speed data links in line-of-sight ground data terminals, and taking into account the distance and angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground data terminals, a line-of-sight ground omnidirectional / directional antenna automatic switching method based on multi-threshold smoothing is designed to realize automatic switching of omnidirectional / directional antennas in line-of-sight ground high-speed data transmission links, thereby reducing the operator's workload.

[0005] The first aspect of the present application provides a method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, mainly comprising:

[0006] Step S1: Obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV;

[0007] Step S2: according to the set distance protection interval D 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β;

[0008] Step S3: Obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment;

[0009] Step S4, automatically switching between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna, including:

[0010] Step S41: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value, switching the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna;

[0011] Step S42: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

[0012] Preferably, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

[0013] Preferably, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

[0014] Preferably, the angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

[0015] Preferably, the angular protection interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

[0016] A second aspect of the present application provides an automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, mainly comprising:

[0017] Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV;

[0018] The limit value determination module is used to determine the distance protection interval D according to the set 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β;

[0019] Aircraft position acquisition module, used to obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment;

[0020] An automatic switching module is used to automatically switch between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna. The automatic switching module includes:

[0021] an omnidirectional antenna switching unit, configured to switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or when the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value;

[0022] Directional antenna switching unit is used when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

[0023] Preferably, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

[0024] Preferably, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

[0025] Preferably, the angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

[0026] Preferably, the angular protection interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

[0027] This application considers the impact of the distance and angle of the aircraft relative to the ground line-of-sight terminal based on the link and antenna capabilities. Compared with real-time monitoring of link quality, it is more predictable and designs an adjustment buffer area to strategically ensure the stability of the link, significantly reduce the workload of the link monitoring operator, and ensure smooth link switching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the implementation of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the implementation of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar numbers throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described implementation is a part of the implementation of this application, not all of the implementations. The implementation described below with reference to the drawings is exemplary and is intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be understood as a limitation on this application. Based on the implementation in this application, all other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The implementation of this application is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0030] The first aspect of the present application provides a method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, mainly comprising:

[0031] Step S1: Obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, assuming that due to the influence of ground reflection, multipath and other effects, when using line-of-sight ground omnidirectional antenna communication, when the aircraft is on the ground, the maximum stable communication distance is D 地max (Unit: m); Assuming that when a UAV is flying over the airport where the line-of-sight ground link equipment is located, when the pitch angle of the ground directional antenna is greater than α, the line-of-sight ground directional antenna begins to lose the ability to track the UAV; after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the line-of-sight ground omnidirectional antenna is D 空max .

[0033] Step S2: according to the set distance protection interval D 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β.

[0034] In this step, in order to avoid the unstable link caused by the switching of omnidirectional / directional antennas of the line-of-sight ground link equipment due to the jump of UAV positioning accuracy, the distance protection interval D is reasonably selected. 间隔 , angle protection interval β.

[0035] Step S3: Obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment.

[0036] Step S4, automatically switching between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna, including:

[0037] Step S41: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value, switching the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna;

[0038] Step S42: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

[0039] In addition, when the aircraft is in the smooth transition area in the space (ie, the area outside the space defined by step S41 and step S42), the line-of-sight ground link device does not perform omnidirectional or directional antenna switching.

[0040] In some optional implementations, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

[0041] In some optional implementations, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

[0042] In some optional implementations, the angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

[0043] In some optional implementations, the angular guard interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

[0044] A second aspect of the present application provides an automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna corresponding to the above method, mainly comprising:

[0045] Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV;

[0046] The limit value determination module is used to determine the distance protection interval D according to the set 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β;

[0047] Aircraft position acquisition module, used to obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment;

[0048] An automatic switching module is used to automatically switch between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna. The automatic switching module includes:

[0049] an omnidirectional antenna switching unit, configured to switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or when the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value;

[0050] Directional antenna switching unit is used when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

[0051] In some optional implementations, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

[0052] In some optional implementations, the distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

[0053] In some optional implementations, the angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

[0054] In some optional implementations, the angular guard interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

[0055] This application considers the impact of the distance and angle of the aircraft relative to the ground line-of-sight terminal based on the link and antenna capabilities. Compared with real-time monitoring of link quality, it is more predictable and designs an adjustment buffer area to strategically ensure the stability of the link, significantly reduce the workload of the link monitoring operator, and ensure smooth link switching.

[0056] Although the present application has been described in detail above using general descriptions and specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made based on the present application. Therefore, such modifications or improvements, which do not depart from the spirit of the present application, are within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Claims

1. A method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, characterized in that: include: Step S1: Obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna communication is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV; Step S2: according to the set distance protection interval D 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β; Step S3: Obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment; Step S4, automatically switching between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna, including: Step S41: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value, switching the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna; Step S42: When the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

2. The method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

3. The method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

4. The method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

5. The method for automatically switching between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The angular protection interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

6. An automatic switching device for an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, characterized in that: include: Parameter acquisition module, used to obtain the maximum stable distance D of the omnidirectional antenna communication when the aircraft is on the ground 地max , after the aircraft leaves the ground, the maximum communication distance of the omnidirectional antenna communication is D 空max , and pitch angle α, where when the directional antenna pitch angle is greater than α, the directional antenna cannot track the UAV; The limit value determination module is used to determine the distance protection interval D according to the set 间隔 and the angle protection interval β determine the first limit value D 地max -D 间隔 , the second limit value D 空max -D 间隔 and a third limiting value α-β; Aircraft position acquisition module, used to obtain the horizontal separation and vertical angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground link equipment; An automatic switching module is used to automatically switch between the omnidirectional antenna and the directional antenna. The automatic switching module includes: an omnidirectional antenna switching unit, configured to switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to an omnidirectional antenna when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a first limit value, or when the pitch angle of the aircraft relative to the line-of-sight ground is greater than α and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link device is less than a second limit value; Directional antenna switching unit is used when the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 空max Or the aircraft's pitch angle relative to the line-of-sight ground is less than the third limit value and the distance between the aircraft and the line-of-sight ground link equipment is greater than D 地max When , switch the line-of-sight ground antenna to a directional antenna.

7. The automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance protection interval D 间隔 Take 2 to 4 times or more of the aircraft's maximum positioning error.

8. The automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance protection interval D 间隔 Take more than 3 times the maximum positioning error of the aircraft.

9. The automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 6, wherein: The angular protection interval β is 0.2 to 0.3 times the pitch angle α.

10. The automatic switching device between an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The angular protection interval β is 0.25 times the pitch angle α.

Images