A two-step segmented open-cut mining method for panel-type cutting tunnels followed by backfilling.

Abstract

This invention discloses a two-step segmented stope and subsequent backfilling mining method using panel-type cutting roadways. By employing a two-step mining approach involving both stope and pillar mining, the cutting roadways are arranged in a panel-like layout, penetrating the entire stope. A single cutting riser forms a panel-like cutting trench, which serves as the blasting compensation space for retreating side-breach mining of the entire stope. After backfilling the stope void, pillar mining is carried out. This invention reduces the number of cutting shafts required for panel mining, simplifies the cutting process, achieves unified backfilling of the stope, and improves backfilling efficiency. Simultaneously, the first-step backfill isolates the hanging wall rock, ensuring the safety of the second-step damaged rock recovery, ultimately achieving safe and efficient mining of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, specifically to a two-step segmented open space subsequent filling mining method for panel-type cutting roadways. Background Technology

[0002] In the two-step segmented stope-filling mining method, the cutting process is crucial for its successful implementation due to its high construction difficulty and large workload. The cutting process mainly consists of cutting roadways and cutting raises, forming cutting vertical slots as compensation space for subsequent blasting. Cutting raise construction conditions are poor, and shaft completion is difficult. Traditional methods such as conventional methods, suspended shaft methods, or climbing shaft methods are not only labor-intensive and inefficient but also have poor safety and high construction costs. Conventional processes typically require one cutting raise and one cutting roadway per stope, resulting in a large amount of construction work and low mining efficiency.

[0003] Meanwhile, in the conventional two-step segmented open-stope subsequent filling mining process, one mining and one filling are generally adopted, with each stope being filled sequentially, and filling tunnels need to be constructed, resulting in low filling efficiency.

[0004] For example, Chinese invention patent (publication number: CN104727820B) discloses a two-step segmented open-pit mining method followed by backfilling. The mining method includes the following steps: 1) dividing the ore body into blocks along the strike, dividing the blocks into pillars and stops, and performing pillar preparation cutting and stope preparation cutting; 2) mining the pillars, followed by high-strength cemented backfilling; 3) mining the stope, followed by waste rock or tailings backfilling; the method first involves rock drilling and blasting, with the stope being mined from the middle to both sides. After the pillars are mined and the cemented backfill reaches the specified strength and the stope preparation cutting is completed, blasting is performed in the rock drilling tunnel with the stope cutting riser as the free face. The blasted ore is transported out of the stope through the ore exit roadway; after the stope is mined, backfilling material is used to fill the first segment to form an artificial false bottom, so that no top pillar is left in the next middle section. Other segments of the stope are backfilled with waste rock or tailings. This invention combines the advantages of the segmented open space subsequent filling method for flat-bottomed structures and the conventional two-step filling mining method applied to thick ore bodies, solving problems such as production capacity, filling and safety in the mining process of inclined and steeply inclined medium-thick ore bodies. However, this method still adopts a one-mining-one-filling approach, and the cutting method, filling efficiency and construction safety still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing a two-step segmented open-pit mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting roadway, so as to achieve safe and efficient mining of steeply inclined thick ore bodies.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A two-step segmented open-cut mining method for panel-type cutting roadways followed by backfilling includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Panel division: The panel is divided along the strike of the ore body. Within the panel, the stope and pillar stope are divided. The stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stope is mined in the first step and the pillar stope is mined in the second step. Within the stope, the stage is divided into several segments along the height of the stope. Each segment is an independent mining unit. The ore mined from each segment is transported out from the ore extraction roadway of each segment.

[0009] (2) Lower section layout: On one side of the lower section roadway, the outer plate area chute is arranged, and on the other side, the stope connecting roadway is driven perpendicular to the ore body to reach the upper plate of the ore body. The stope connecting roadway is widened to form a bottom drilling roadway. Then, the plate-type cutting roadway is driven along the ore body in the upper plate of the stope, penetrating all the stops and pillars of the plate area.

[0010] (3) Upper section layout: First, arrange the outer plate area chute, then excavate only the stope connecting the two sides of the plate area. Then, similarly, excavate the plate-type cutting roadway in the upper plate area to connect the stope connecting the two sides of the plate area. Finally, excavate a cutting riser vertically upward from the lower section's plate-type cutting roadway to the upper section's plate-type cutting roadway.

[0011] (4) Using the cutting ceiling, the upper segmented panel cutting tunnel and the lower segmented panel cutting tunnel as the blasting compensation space, the panel cutting vertical trench is formed by side collapse along the direction of the panel cutting tunnel.

[0012] (5) After the panel-type cutting vertical trench is formed, it is used as the compensation space for blasting and ore falling in the stope. The retreating side collapse ore is used to mine the stope. After the stope is mined, a filling pipe is installed in the upper section stope connecting roadway to uniformly cement and fill the goaf of the panel stope.

[0013] (6) After the cemented backfill in the goaf of the mine has been cured to its design strength, the pillar mining area is returned to the mine.

[0014] This mining method employs a two-step mining approach, utilizing panel-based stopes and pillars. The cutting roadways are arranged in a panel layout, connecting the entire stope and achieving panel-based cutting of the vertical slots. This reduces the number of cutting shafts required for panel mining and simplifies the cutting process. Simultaneously, the panel-based cutting roadway layout allows for interconnection of the empty areas after the first-step stope mining, enabling unified filling of the stope and improving filling efficiency. Before the second-step pillar mining, the filling material isolates the hanging wall rock, ensuring the safety of the damaged ore in the second step. Ultimately, this method achieves safe and efficient mining of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies.

[0015] This method improves upon the traditional layout of single-stope cutting roadways and the formation of cutting slots by arranging panel-type cutting roadways on one side of the panel, running through the entire panel stope. The cutting slot is formed by side collapse using a single cutting shaft as the blasting compensation space. This method greatly reduces the number of cutting shafts, which are the most difficult to construct in the mining and cutting process. The panel cutting slot is formed in one go, reducing the number of stope recovery steps and improving the efficiency of mechanized operations.

[0016] The panel cutting groove runs through the entire stope area of ​​the panel. After the stope is mined out, the empty areas are connected to each other and can be filled in a unified manner, which reduces the filling process and improves the operating efficiency of the filling equipment.

[0017] The second-stage pillar stope suffers blasting damage during the mining of the first-stage stope, reducing the stability of the ore and rock. This is especially true when the hanging wall is unstable. The formation of the panel cutting groove fills the hanging wall of the pillar while filling the stope, which reinforces the unstable hanging wall and improves the safety of the second-stage pillar stope mining.

[0018] Furthermore, during segmented stope mining, the segmented pillars support the goaf. After the segmented stope mining is completed, the goaf is promptly filled. After the filling body is cured to its design strength, the pillars of this segment are mined.

[0019] Furthermore, the width of the panel is 36-40m, and the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body; the width of the stope and pillar stope is 6-8m, the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body, and the segment height is 12-14m.

[0020] Furthermore, in the lower segment of the panel, multiple stope connecting roads are equally spaced on one side of the lower segment roadway perpendicular to the ore body strike. The stope connecting roads and the bottom drilling roadway are gradually transitioned. The end of the bottom drilling roadway away from the lower segment roadway is connected to the panel-type cutting roadway. The cutting riser is set at the intersection of the panel-type cutting roadway and the bottom drilling roadway.

[0021] Furthermore, the amount of mining and cutting work in the upper segment is less than that in the lower segment. In the upper segment, the stope connection channel of the upper segment is parallel to and corresponds to the stope connection channels on both sides in the lower segment.

[0022] Furthermore, the mining method is applicable to mining steeply dipping, thick ore bodies with stable or moderately stable rock.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This method improves the traditional single stope cutting roadway layout and cutting slot formation method by arranging a panel-type cutting roadway on one side of the panel area, which runs through the entire panel stope. The panel cutting slot is formed by side collapse using a single cutting shaft as the blasting compensation space. This method greatly reduces the number of cutting shafts that are the most difficult to construct in the mining and cutting process. The panel cutting slot is formed in one go, reducing the stope recovery process and improving the efficiency of mechanized operation.

[0024] 2. The panel cutting groove runs through the entire stope of the panel. After the stope is mined out, the empty areas are connected to each other and can be filled in a unified manner, which reduces the filling process and improves the operating efficiency of the filling equipment.

[0025] 3. The second-stage pillar stope suffers blasting damage during the mining of the first-stage stope, reducing the stability of the ore and rock. This is especially true when the hanging wall is unstable. The formation of the panel cutting groove fills the hanging wall of the pillar while filling the stope, which reinforces the unstable hanging wall and improves the safety of the second-stage pillar stope mining. Ultimately, this enables the safe and efficient mining of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram illustrating an application example of the two-step segmented open space subsequent backfilling mining method for panel-type cutting roadways according to the present invention. Figure 2 (Section I-I)

[0027] Figure 2 A frontal view of an application example of the present invention ( Figure 3 (Section II-II)

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side view of an application example of the present invention. Figure 1 (Section III-III)

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Segmented horizontal tunnel; 2. Panel chute; 3. Mining connection roadway; 4. Bottom-drilling tunnel; 5. Panel-type cutting tunnel; 6. Cutting riser. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] Combination Figures 1-3 As shown, a two-step segmented open-cut subsequent backfilling mining method for panel-type cutting roadways includes the following steps:

[0033] (1) Panel division: The panel is divided along the strike of the ore body. Within the panel, the stope and pillar stope are divided. The stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stope is mined in the first step and the pillar stope is mined in the second step. Within the stope, the stage is divided into several segments along the height of the stope. Each segment is a basic and independent mining unit. The ore mined from each segment is transported out from the ore extraction roadway of each segment.

[0034] (2) Lower section layout: On one side of the lower section level roadway 1, the outer plate area chute 2 is arranged, and on the other side, the stope connecting roadway 3 is driven perpendicular to the ore body strike to reach the upper plate of the ore body. The side of the stope connecting roadway 3 is widened to form the bottom drilling roadway 4. Then, the plate area cutting roadway 5 is driven along the ore body strike in the upper plate of the stope, penetrating all the stops and pillars of the plate area.

[0035] (3) Upper section layout: First, the upper section's outer plate area chute 2 is laid out. Then, only the mining connection roadway 3 of the mining area on both sides of the plate area is excavated. Then, the plate area cutting roadway 5 is excavated in the upper plate of the mining area to connect the mining connection roadway 3 of the mining area on both sides of the plate area. Finally, a cutting riser 6 is excavated vertically upward from the lower section's plate area cutting roadway to the upper section's plate area cutting roadway.

[0036] (4) Using the cutting well 6, the upper segment of the panel cutting tunnel and the lower segment of the panel cutting tunnel as the blasting compensation space, the panel cutting vertical trench is formed by side collapse along the direction of the panel cutting tunnel.

[0037] (5) After the panel-type cutting vertical trench is formed, it is used as the compensation space for blasting and ore falling in the stope. The retreating side collapse ore is used to mine the stope. After the stope is mined, a filling pipe is installed in the upper section stope connecting roadway to uniformly cement and fill the goaf of the panel stope.

[0038] (6) After the cemented backfill in the goaf of the mine has been cured to its design strength, the pillar mining area is returned to the mine.

[0039] This mining method employs a two-step mining approach, utilizing panel-based stopes and pillars. The cutting roadways are arranged in a panel layout, connecting the entire stope and achieving panel-based cutting of the vertical slots. This reduces the number of cutting shafts required for panel mining and simplifies the cutting process. Simultaneously, the arrangement of the panel-based cutting roadways allows for interconnection of the empty areas after the first-step stope mining, enabling unified filling of the stope and improving filling efficiency. Before the second-step pillar mining, the filling material isolates the hanging wall rock, ensuring the safety of the damaged ore in the second step. Ultimately, this method achieves safe and efficient mining of steeply dipping, thick ore bodies.

[0040] Furthermore, during segmented stope mining, the segmented pillars support the goaf. After the segmented stope mining is completed, the goaf is promptly filled. After the filling body is cured to its design strength, the pillars of this segment are mined.

[0041] Furthermore, the width of the panel is 36-40m, and the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body; the width of the stope and pillar stope is 6-8m, the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body, and the segment height is 12-14m.

[0042] Furthermore, in the lower segment of the panel, multiple mining connection tunnels 3 are equally spaced on one side of the segment level roadway 1 perpendicular to the ore body strike. The mining connection tunnels 3 and the bottom drilling tunnels 4 are gradually transitioned. The end of the bottom drilling tunnel 4 away from the segment level roadway 1 of the lower segment is connected to the panel-type cutting tunnel 5. The cutting riser is set at the intersection of the panel-type cutting tunnel 5 and one of the bottom drilling tunnels 4.

[0043] Furthermore, the amount of mining and cutting work in the upper segment is less than that in the lower segment. In the upper segment, the stope connection channel of the upper segment is parallel to and corresponds to the stope connection channels on both sides in the lower segment.

[0044] Furthermore, the mining method is applicable to mining steeply dipping, thick ore bodies with stable or moderately stable rock.

[0045] This method improves upon the traditional layout of single-stope cutting roadways and the formation of cutting slots by arranging panel-type cutting roadways on one side of the panel, running through the entire panel stope. The cutting slot is formed by side collapse using a single cutting shaft as the blasting compensation space. This method greatly reduces the number of cutting shafts, which are the most difficult to construct in the mining and cutting process. The panel cutting slot is formed in one go, reducing the number of stope recovery steps and improving the efficiency of mechanized operations.

[0046] The panel cutting groove runs through the entire stope area of ​​the panel. After the stope is mined out, the empty areas are connected to each other and can be filled in a unified manner, which reduces the filling process and improves the operating efficiency of the filling equipment.

[0047] The second-stage pillar stope suffers blasting damage during the mining of the first-stage stope, reducing the stability of the ore and rock. This is especially true when the hanging wall is unstable. The formation of the panel cutting groove fills the hanging wall of the pillar while filling the stope, which reinforces the unstable hanging wall and improves the safety of the second-stage pillar stope mining.

[0048] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A two-step segmented open-cut mining method for panel-type cutting roadways followed by backfilling, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Panel division: The panel is divided along the strike of the ore body. Within the panel, the stope and pillar stope are divided. The stope is arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The stope is mined in the first step and the pillar stope is mined in the second step. Within the stope, the stage is divided into several segments along the height of the stope. Each segment is an independent mining unit. The ore mined from each segment is transported out from the ore extraction roadway of each segment. (2) Lower section layout: On one side of the lower section roadway, the outer plate area chute is arranged, and on the other side, the stope connecting roadway is driven perpendicular to the ore body to reach the upper plate of the ore body. The stope connecting roadway is widened to form a bottom drilling roadway. Then, the plate-type cutting roadway is driven along the ore body in the upper plate of the stope, penetrating all the stops and pillars of the plate area. (3) Upper section layout: First, arrange the outer plate area chute, then excavate only the stope connecting the two sides of the plate area. Then, similarly, excavate the plate-type cutting roadway in the upper plate area to connect the stope connecting the two sides of the plate area. Finally, excavate a cutting riser vertically upward from the lower section's plate-type cutting roadway to the upper section's plate-type cutting roadway. (4) Using the cutting ceiling, the upper segmented panel cutting tunnel and the lower segmented panel cutting tunnel as the blasting compensation space, the panel cutting vertical trench is formed by side collapse along the direction of the panel cutting tunnel. (5) After the panel-type cutting vertical trench is formed, it is used as the compensation space for blasting and ore falling in the stope. The retreating side collapse ore is used to mine the stope. After the stope is mined, a filling pipe is installed in the upper section stope connecting roadway to uniformly cement and fill the goaf of the panel stope. (6) After the cemented backfill in the goaf of the mine has been cured to its design strength, the pillar mining area is returned to the mine.

2. The two-step segmented open-cut mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During segmented stope mining, the segmented pillars support the goaf. After the segmented stope mining is completed, the goaf is filled in a timely manner. After the filling body is cured to its design strength, the pillars of this segment are mined.

3. The two-step segmented open-cut mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the panel is 36-40m, and the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body; the width of the stope and pillar stope is 6-8m, the length is equal to the thickness of the ore body, and the subsection height is 12-14m.

4. The two-step segmented open-cut mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the lower section of the panel, multiple stope connecting roads are set at equal intervals on one side of the lower section's segmental horizontal roadway perpendicular to the ore body strike. The stope connecting roads and the bottom-drilling roadway are gradually transitioned. The end of the bottom-drilling roadway away from the lower section roadway is connected to the panel-type cutting roadway. The cutting riser is set at the intersection of the panel-type cutting roadway and the bottom-drilling roadway.

5. The two-step segmented open-cut mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of mining and cutting work in the upper segment is less than that in the lower segment. In the upper segment, the mining connection channel of the upper segment is parallel and corresponds to the mining connection channels on both sides in the lower segment.

6. The two-step segmented open-cut mining method with subsequent backfilling in a panel-type cutting tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mining method described is applicable to mining steeply dipping, thick ore bodies with stable or moderately stable rock.

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