A signal processing system and method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement

Abstract

The present invention provides a signal processing system and method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement. The system includes: an analog front-end unit for receiving a signal to be measured; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for digitizing the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t); a phase-locked amplifier circuit for performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) and inputting the processed signal into a multi-mode PID control unit; and a multi-mode PID control unit for performing PID calculations on the processed signal and outputting a correction signal in a custom output format. This solution allows for the reasonable setting of PID parameters and the selection of appropriate signal output channels according to different situations, and can be applied to various magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of signal processing, and in particular to a signal processing system and method for quantum sensing measurement of magnetic signals. Background Art

[0002] Weak magnetic field measurements are widely used in geomagnetic navigation, geological resource exploration, scientific research, national defense, and medical instrumentation. As a crucial component of precision measurement, weak magnetic field measurement has entered the quantum era. Quantum sensing generally refers to the use of quantum mechanics to achieve high-precision and high-sensitivity measurements of external environmental signals, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, within a system. Quantum sensing technologies for weak magnetic field measurement include those based on atomic spin effects and those based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers.

[0003] Currently, there are many methods for quantum sensing and measuring magnetic signals, and the signal processing methods are very similar. However, due to the different devices used in different measurement schemes, different measurement systems often require specially customized signal processing electronics systems. This process increases the development cycle of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system and also increases the cost of the development process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a signal processing system and method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, which is easy to reasonably set PID parameters and select appropriate signal output channels according to different situations, and can be applied to different magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement systems. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In one aspect, the present application provides a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, the system comprising:

[0006] An analog front-end unit, for receiving a signal to be tested;

[0007] an analog-to-digital conversion unit, configured to digitize the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t);

[0008] a phase-locked amplifier circuit, configured to perform phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) and input the processed signal into a multi-mode proportional-integral-differential (PID) control unit;

[0009] The multi-mode PID control unit is used to perform PID operation on the processed signal and output a correction signal in a customized output form.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the phase-locked amplifier circuit includes: a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS, a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit, and a digital switch;

[0011] The DDS is used to generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt);

[0012] The first digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t);

[0013] The second digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) by the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t);

[0014] The first digital low-pass filter is used to filter the first multiplication signal y X (t) performing filtering to obtain a first filtered signal X;

[0015] The second digital low-pass filter is used to filter the second multiplication signal y Y (t) performing filtering to obtain a second filtered signal Y;

[0016] The phase compensation control module is configured to calculate a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y, and generate a phase locking signal;

[0017] The phase shift circuit is used to shift the phase of the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value;

[0018] The first digital multiplier is further configured to perform a multiplication operation on the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) and the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t);

[0019] The first digital low-pass filter is further used to filter the third multiplication signal y X′ (t) performing filtering processing to obtain the processed signal, wherein the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′;

[0020] The digital switch is configured to output the third filtered signal X′ to the multi-mode PID control unit when receiving the phase lock signal.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the multi-mode PID control unit includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module, and a communication module;

[0022] The PID algorithm circuit is used to perform PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ to obtain an initial correction signal;

[0023] The PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module is used to set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and select the data output channel;

[0024] The custom analog / digital bus data output module is configured to output a correction signal in the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel;

[0025] The communication module is used to collect the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal, and transmit the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal to a host computer.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the custom analog / digital bus data output module is specifically configured to:

[0027] Outputting the initial correction signal to the communication module, wherein the initial correction signal is transmitted to the host computer by the communication module;

[0028] or converting the initial correction signal into a first analog signal, and driving the first analog signal to be output to a measurement system within a preset voltage and current range;

[0029] or performing data format conversion on the initial correction signal, integrating the control instruction with the correction signal after format conversion, and outputting the integrated data to the measurement system in a preset format, wherein the preset format includes at least one of the following: serial output of a direct peripheral interface SPI protocol, serial output of an integrated circuit bus IIC protocol, and parallel output;

[0030] Or the initial correction signal is converted into a frequency control word, and the frequency control word is output to the DDS.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the analog front-end unit includes an output drive and filtering circuit, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit includes a digital-to-analog converter;

[0032] The DDS is further configured to output a local oscillator signal based on the frequency control word after the custom analog / digital bus data output module outputs the frequency control word to the DDS;

[0033] The digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert the local oscillator signal into a second analog signal;

[0034] The output driving and filtering circuit is used to output the second analog signal to the measurement system.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the output driving and filtering circuit is further configured to limit the bandwidth of the second analog signal.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the analog front-end unit includes a signal preprocessing and shaping circuit;

[0037] The signal preprocessing and shaping circuit is used to receive the signal to be measured, and perform amplitude and offset adjustment and bandwidth limitation on the signal to be measured.

[0038] On the other hand, the present application provides a signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, which is applied to a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, the system comprising: an analog front-end unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a phase-locked amplifier circuit, and a multi-mode PID control unit, the method comprising:

[0039] receiving a signal to be tested through the analog front-end unit;

[0040] digitizing the signal to be measured by the analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a digital signal y(t);

[0041] Performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) through the phase-locked amplifier circuit, and inputting the processed signal into the multi-mode PID control unit;

[0042] The multi-mode PID control unit performs PID operation on the processed signal and outputs a correction signal in a customized output form.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the phase-locked amplifier circuit includes: a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit, and a digital switch. The method further includes:

[0044] Generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt) by the DDS;

[0045] The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) by the first digital multiplier to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t);

[0046] The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) by the second digital multiplier to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t);

[0047] The first multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X (t) performing filtering to obtain a first filtered signal X;

[0048] The second multiplication signal y is filtered by the second digital low-pass filter. Y (t) performing filtering to obtain a second filtered signal Y;

[0049] Calculating a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y by the phase compensation control module, and generating a phase locking signal;

[0050] performing a phase shift on the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value by the phase shift circuit;

[0051] The first digital multiplier multiplies the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t);

[0052] The third multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X′ (t) performing filtering processing to obtain the processed signal, wherein the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′;

[0053] When the phase lock signal is received, the third filtered signal X′ is output to the multi-mode PID control unit through the digital switch.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the multi-mode PID control unit includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module, and a communication module. The method further includes:

[0055] Performing a PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ by the PID algorithm circuit to obtain an initial correction signal;

[0056] Setting the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and selecting the data output channel through the PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module;

[0057] Outputting a correction signal of the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel through the custom analog / digital bus data output module;

[0058] The first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are collected through the communication module, and the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are transmitted to a host computer.

[0059] The present invention provides a signal processing system and method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, comprising an analog front-end unit for receiving a signal to be measured; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for digitizing the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t); a phase-locked amplifier circuit for performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital y(t) and inputting the processed signal into a multi-mode PID control unit; and a multi-mode PID control unit for performing PID calculations on the processed signal and outputting a correction signal in a custom output format. This solution utilizes modulation technology combined with a phase-locked amplifier circuit to process weak signals, and then introduces a PID algorithm to achieve real-time control of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system. This completes the processing of the signal to be measured during the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement process, and designs a multi-mode PID control unit that can reasonably set PID parameters and select appropriate signal output channels according to different situations. This makes it suitable for a variety of magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement scenarios, while also outputting correction signals for controlling other devices, demonstrating good scalability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0062] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by another embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0063] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a custom analog / digital bus data output module provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0064] Figure 4 A flow chart of a signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0066] First, some terms that may appear in the embodiments of this application are explained.

[0067] Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) color center, that is, in diamond, a C atom is replaced by a N atom, and there is a missing C atom around the N atom.

[0068] Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) control: Proportional control and integral control can eliminate steady-state errors, while differential control can speed up the response of large inertia systems and reduce overshoot tendencies.

[0069] Analog-to-Digital Convertor (ADC) is a type of device used to convert analog continuous signals into digital discrete signals.

[0070] A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is a device that converts discrete digital signals into continuous analog signals.

[0071] Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, high resolution and fast conversion time. It is widely used in the fields of telecommunications and electronic instruments and is a key technology for achieving full digitalization of equipment.

[0072] Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a high-speed, full-duplex, synchronous communication bus.

[0073] The Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) bus is a serial communication bus that uses a multi-master-slave architecture.

[0074] The inventors have discovered that both quantum sensing technologies for weak magnetic field measurement, namely magnetic field measurement based on atomic spin effects and magnetic field measurement based on NV color centers, have ultra-high sensitivity. However, they also inevitably face the problem of weak signal extraction and processing. The weak signal measured by the magnetic measurement system is easily submerged in noise, of which the 1 / f noise in the low-frequency part has the greatest impact. A phase-locked amplifier is a test and measurement instrument used to detect weak signals. Combined with modulation technology, it first modulates the signal to be measured to a high frequency, so that the useful signal and 1 / f noise are separated in the frequency domain to avoid interference. After signal acquisition, demodulation and filtering are performed to complete the extraction of weak signals in a noisy environment.

[0075] Furthermore, during quantum sensing of magnetic signals, the magnetic measurement system sometimes needs to modify certain signals in the system based on the detected signals. Weak magnetic field measurement methods based on NV color centers require real-time locking of the frequency corresponding to the degenerate energy level, while magnetic field measurement methods based on atomic spin effects require locking the atoms within the atomic gas chamber at the resonant frequency.

[0076] Currently, there are many methods for quantum sensing and measuring magnetic signals, and the signal processing methods are very similar. However, due to the different devices used in different measurement schemes, different measurement systems often require specially customized signal processing electronics systems. This process increases the development cycle of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system and also increases the cost of the development process.

[0077] See Figure 1 , shows a schematic structural diagram of a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by an embodiment of the present application, which may include:

[0078] The analog front end unit 101 is used to receive a signal to be tested;

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the signal to be measured received from the measurement system is a modulated signal, and the signal to be measured is an analog signal.

[0080] The analog-to-digital conversion unit 102 is used to digitize the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t);

[0081] Because the signal in the measurement system is in the form of an analog signal (continuous), while in the phase-locked amplifier circuit, the signal is in the form of a digital signal (discrete), and different signal forms cannot be directly processed. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, it is necessary to digitize the signal to be measured to obtain the digital signal y(t).

[0082] The phase-locked amplifier circuit 103 is used to perform phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) and input the processed signal to the multi-mode PID control unit;

[0083] In the embodiment of the present application, a phase-locked amplifier circuit is used to perform phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t), that is, to process a weak signal.

[0084] The multi-mode PID control unit 104 is used to perform PID operation on the processed signal and output a correction signal in a customized output form.

[0085] The present invention provides a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, comprising an analog front-end unit for receiving a signal to be measured; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for digitizing the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t); a phase-locked amplifier circuit for performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital y(t) and inputting the processed signal into a multi-mode PID control unit; and a multi-mode PID control unit for performing PID calculations on the processed signal and outputting a correction signal in a custom output format. This solution utilizes modulation technology combined with a phase-locked amplifier circuit to process weak signals, and then introduces a PID algorithm to achieve real-time control of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system. This completes the processing of the signal to be measured during the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement process, and designs a multi-mode PID control unit that can reasonably set PID parameters and select appropriate signal output channels according to different situations. This makes it suitable for a variety of magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement scenarios, while also outputting correction signals for controlling other devices, demonstrating good scalability.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment of the present application, the analog front-end unit 101 includes: a signal preprocessing and shaping circuit and an output driving and filtering circuit.

[0087] The signal preprocessing and shaping circuit is used to receive the signal to be measured from the measurement system, and is also used to adjust the amplitude and offset of the signal to be measured and limit the bandwidth so that the adjusted signal to be measured meets the optimal operating range of the ADC.

[0088] The output drive and filtering circuit is used to drive the output waveform of the DAC and limit the bandwidth of the output waveform so that the output waveform meets the measurement system requirements.

[0089] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment of the present application, the analog-to-digital conversion unit 102 includes: an ADC and a DAC.

[0090] The ADC is used to digitize the received signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t).

[0091] DAC is used to convert the digital signal generated by the phase-locked amplifier circuit into an analog signal.

[0092] The signal to be measured received from the measurement system is a modulated signal, and the signal to be measured is an analog signal. In this case, the signal to be measured needs to be digitized to obtain a digital signal y(t), which is expressed as follows:

[0093] y(t)=V(t)cos(ωt+θ);

[0094] Where V(t) represents the amplitude of the signal to be measured, ω represents the angular frequency, and θ represents the phase change introduced by external wiring delay.

[0095] Because the signal in the measurement system is in the form of an analog signal (continuous), while in the phase-locked amplifier circuit, the signal is in the form of a digital signal (discrete), and signals of different forms cannot be directly processed. Based on the analog-to-digital conversion unit of the present application, the signal input to the measurement system and / or the signal output to the measurement system can be converted in form, facilitating signal processing by the measurement system and the signal processing system.

[0096] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment of the present application, the phase-locked amplifier circuit 103 includes: a DDS, a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit and a digital switch.

[0097] A DDS is used to generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt).

[0098] The first digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) with the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t), its expression is:

[0099]

[0100] The second digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) with the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t), its expression is:

[0101]

[0102] The first digital low-pass filter is used to filter the first multiplication signal y X (t) Filtering is performed to obtain a first filtered signal X, which is expressed as:

[0103]

[0104] The second digital low-pass filter is used to filter the second multiplication signal y Y(t) is filtered to obtain a second filtered signal Y, which is expressed as:

[0105]

[0106] The phase compensation control module is used to calculate a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y, and generate a phase locking signal.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the phase compensation control module performs an arc tangent operation on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y to obtain a phase compensation value Its expression is:

[0108]

[0109] After calculating the phase compensation value, the phase compensation control module outputs the phase compensation value to the phase shift circuit and generates a phase locking signal, and locks the phase compensation value according to the phase locking signal.

[0110] The phase shift circuit is used to shift the phase of the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, the phase shift circuit shifts n signal sampling points according to the phase compensation value to complete the phase shift of the digital signal y(t). The expression of n is:

[0112]

[0113] Among them, f S Indicates the sampling rate of the ADC.

[0114] The first digital multiplier is further used to multiply the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) with the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t).

[0115] The first digital filter is also used to X′ (t) Perform filtering to obtain a processed signal, where the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′, which is expressed as follows:

[0116]

[0117] The digital switch is configured to output the third filtered signal X′ to the multi-mode PID control unit when receiving the phase lock signal.

[0118] In another possible implementation, after the phase compensation control module calculates the phase compensation value, it outputs the phase compensation value to the DDS and generates a phase locking signal, and locks the phase compensation value according to the phase locking signal.

[0119] The DDS is further configured to adjust the phase of a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) generated by the DDS according to the phase compensation value.

[0120] The first digital multiplier is further used to multiply the phase-shifted cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and the digital signal y(t) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t).

[0121] The first digital filter is also used to X′ (t) Perform filtering to obtain a processed signal, where the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′, which is expressed as follows:

[0122]

[0123] The digital switch is configured to output the third filtered signal X′ to the multi-mode PID control unit when receiving the phase lock signal.

[0124] The phase-locked amplifier circuit of the present application is a circuit for detecting weak signals. It is combined with modulation technology, and demodulation and filtering are performed after signal acquisition to complete the extraction of weak signals in a noisy environment.

[0125] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment of the present application, the multi-mode PID control unit 104 includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module and a communication module.

[0126] The PID algorithm circuit is used to perform PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ to obtain an initial correction signal.

[0127] In the embodiment of the present application, the user can set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit in the host computer, and the third filtered signal X′ is sequentially calculated with the proportional, integral, and differential parts and the corresponding parameter values to obtain an initial correction signal.

[0128] The PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module is used to set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and select the data output channel.

[0129] The custom analog / digital bus data output module is used to output a correction signal in a custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present application, the custom analog / digital bus data output module is specifically used to output the initial correction signal to the communication module, and the initial correction signal is transmitted to the host computer by the communication module;

[0131] or a customized analog / digital bus data output module, specifically used to convert the initial correction signal into a first analog signal, and drive the first analog signal to be output to the measurement system within a preset voltage and current range;

[0132] or a customized analog / digital bus data output module, specifically used to convert the data format of the initial correction signal, integrate the control instruction with the correction signal after format conversion, and output the integrated data to the measurement system in a preset format, the preset format including at least one of the following: serial output of the direct peripheral interface SPI protocol, serial output of the integrated circuit bus IIC protocol, and parallel output;

[0133] Or a customized analog / digital bus data output module is specifically used to convert the initial correction signal into a frequency control word and output the frequency control word to the DDS.

[0134] The communication module is used to collect the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y, and the initial correction signal, and transmit them to the host computer. This allows the user to set the corresponding mathematical relationship based on the measurement system principle in the host computer and obtain magnetic field information in real time by processing these collected signals.

[0135] In an embodiment of the present application, the user can set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and select the data output channel in the host computer, and transmit the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and the selected data output channel set by the user to the PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module through the communication module, and use the PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module to realize the setting of the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and the selection of the data output channel.

[0136] Based on the multi-mode PID control unit of the present application, users can reasonably set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and select appropriate data output channels according to different situations, so that the signal processing system of the present application can be applied to different magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement systems.

[0137] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a custom analog / digital bus data output module provided in an embodiment of the present application. The custom analog / digital bus data output module includes an output channel enable module, which includes six outputs: an initial correction signal output to the communication module, an analog signal output, a serial output for the SPI protocol, a serial output for the IIC protocol, a parallel output, and an output to a DDS.

[0138] Specifically, the initial correction signal is directly output to the communication module through the output channel enabling module, and the initial correction signal is then transmitted to the host computer by the communication module.

[0139] Specifically, the output channel enabling module outputs the initial correction signal to the DAC and the filtering circuit, converts the initial correction signal into a first analog signal, and then uses the output driving module to drive the first analog signal to be output to the measurement system within a preset voltage and current range.

[0140] Specifically, the output channel enable module outputs the initial correction signal to the data format conversion module, which converts the initial correction signal into a data format. The instruction and data integration module integrates the control instruction and the converted correction signal, and outputs the integrated data to the measurement system in a preset format. The preset format includes at least one of the following: serial output of the SPI protocol, serial output of the IIC protocol, and parallel output.

[0141] Specifically, the output channel enabling module outputs the initial correction signal to the frequency control word conversion module, converts the initial correction signal into a frequency control word, and outputs the frequency control word to the DDS.

[0142] After the custom analog / digital bus data output module outputs the frequency control word to the DDS, the DDS is further configured to output a local oscillator signal based on the frequency control word.

[0143] The DAC is also used to convert the local oscillator signal into a second analog signal.

[0144] The output driving and filtering circuit is also used to output the second analog signal to the measurement system.

[0145] In an embodiment of the present application, the output drive and filtering circuit is also used to limit the bandwidth of the second analog signal so that the second analog signal meets the measurement system requirements, so that the measurement system can generate a modulated signal based on the second analog signal with limited bandwidth.

[0146] By utilizing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, users can enable corresponding output channels according to the actual conditions of the measurement system. In the NV color center magnetic measurement system, the microwave center frequency must be locked with the frequency corresponding to the degenerate energy level. The microwave source usually uses a Gunn diode or a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the output channel can choose to output an analog signal. In an atomic magnetometer, a DDS is required to drive the excitation coil to lock the atoms in the atomic gas chamber at the resonant frequency, and the output channel can be selected as the DDS output to the signal processing system. Various external devices, such as external DDS or digital clock generators, are also used in magnetic measurement systems. Depending on the requirements of the equipment, the corresponding serial or parallel output channels can be selected.

[0147] In addition, different measurement systems have different restrictions on the range of PID output signals, such as voltage range restrictions for analog signals and data bit restrictions for digital signals. To achieve versatility, the signal processing system of this application provides users with the function of limiting the output signal range. When selecting the data output channel, the user can set the effective range of the output signal. Each output channel processes the correction signal according to the received effective range so that the output signal meets the requirements of the measurement system. For serial and parallel output modes, the measurement system also has different control instructions. The user can set the control instructions of the measurement system in the host computer. The output channel of the digital signal will output the integrated instructions and data.

[0148] The embodiment of the present application provides a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, an analog front-end unit for receiving a signal to be measured; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for digitizing the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t); a phase-locked amplifier circuit for performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital y(t) and inputting the processed signal into a multi-mode PID control unit; a multi-mode PID control unit for performing PID operation on the processed signal and outputting a correction signal in a custom output form. By using this solution, modulation technology combined with a phase-locked amplifier circuit can suppress noise during the measurement process, extract useful signals, and then introduce a PID algorithm to achieve real-time control of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system, completing the processing of the signal to be measured during the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement process. The multi-mode PID control unit designed in the embodiment of the present application can reasonably set PID parameters and select appropriate signal output channels according to different situations. It can be applied to a variety of magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement occasions, and can also output correction signals for controlling other devices, with good scalability.

[0149] In addition, in addition to extracting useful signals from the measured signals, the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication module connected to the host computer, which facilitates the user to configure the signal processing system and process the extracted data. Applying this signal processing system to application equipment related to magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement can shorten the development cycle and save development costs.

[0150] Next, a signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by the present application is introduced. The signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement introduced below and the signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement introduced above can be referenced to each other.

[0151] See Figure 4, shows a flow chart of a signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement provided by the present application, the method is applied to a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, the system comprising: an analog front-end unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a phase-locked amplifier circuit, and a multi-mode PID control unit, the method comprising at least the following steps:

[0152] S401: Receive a signal to be tested through the analog front-end unit.

[0153] S402: digitize the signal to be measured by the analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a digital signal y(t).

[0154] S403 , performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) through the phase-locked amplification circuit, and inputting the processed signal into the multi-mode PID control unit.

[0155] S404: Perform PID operation on the processed signal through the multi-mode PID control unit, and output a correction signal in a customized output form.

[0156] The phase-locked amplifier circuit includes: a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit, and a digital switch. The method further includes:

[0157] Generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt) by the DDS;

[0158] The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) by the first digital multiplier to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t);

[0159] The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) by the second digital multiplier to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t);

[0160] The first multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X (t) performing filtering to obtain a first filtered signal X;

[0161] The second multiplication signal y is filtered by the second digital low-pass filter. Y (t) performing filtering to obtain a second filtered signal Y;

[0162] Calculating a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y by the phase compensation control module, and generating a phase locking signal;

[0163] performing a phase shift on the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value by the phase shift circuit;

[0164] The first digital multiplier multiplies the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t);

[0165] The third multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X′ (t) performing filtering processing to obtain the processed signal, wherein the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′;

[0166] When the phase lock signal is received, the third filtered signal X′ is output to the multi-mode PID control unit through the digital switch.

[0167] The multi-mode PID control unit includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module, and a communication module. The method further includes:

[0168] Performing a PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ by the PID algorithm circuit to obtain an initial correction signal;

[0169] Setting the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and selecting the data output channel through the PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module;

[0170] Outputting a correction signal of the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel through the custom analog / digital bus data output module;

[0171] The first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are collected through the communication module, and the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are transmitted to a host computer.

[0172] The step of outputting the correction signal in the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel through the custom analog / digital bus data output module includes:

[0173] Outputting the initial correction signal to the communication module via the custom analog / digital bus data output module, and transmitting the initial correction signal to the host computer via the communication module;

[0174] or converting the initial correction signal into a first analog signal through the custom analog / digital bus data output module, and driving the first analog signal to be output to a measurement system within a preset voltage and current range;

[0175] or performing data format conversion on the initial correction signal through the custom analog / digital bus data output module, integrating the control instruction with the correction signal after format conversion, and outputting the integrated data to the measurement system in a preset format, wherein the preset format includes at least one of the following: serial output of the SPI protocol, serial output of the IIC protocol, and parallel output;

[0176] Alternatively, the initial correction signal is converted into a frequency control word through the custom analog / digital bus data output module, and the frequency control word is output to the DDS.

[0177] The analog front-end unit includes an output drive and filtering circuit, the analog-to-digital conversion unit includes a digital-to-analog converter, and the method further includes:

[0178] After the custom analog / digital bus data output module outputs the frequency control word to the DDS, the DDS outputs a local oscillation signal based on the frequency control word;

[0179] Converting the local oscillator signal into a second analog signal by the digital-to-analog converter;

[0180] The second analog signal is output to a measurement system through the output driving and filtering circuit.

[0181] The method further comprises:

[0182] The bandwidth of the second analog signal is limited by the output driving and filtering circuit.

[0183] Wherein, the analog front-end unit includes a signal preprocessing and shaping circuit, and the method further includes:

[0184] The signal to be measured is received by the signal preprocessing and shaping circuit, and amplitude and offset adjustment and bandwidth limitation are performed on the signal to be measured.

[0185] The present invention provides a signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, which receives a signal to be measured through an analog front-end unit; digitizes the signal to be measured through an analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a digital signal y(t); performs phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) through a phase-locked amplifier circuit, and inputs the processed signal into a multi-mode PID control unit; and performs PID operation on the processed signal through the multi-mode PID control unit, and outputs a correction signal in a custom output form. This scheme uses modulation technology combined with a phase-locked amplifier circuit to process weak signals, and then introduces a PID algorithm to achieve real-time control of the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement system. This completes the processing of the signal to be measured during the magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement process, and designs a multi-mode PID control unit that can reasonably set PID parameters and select appropriate signal output channels according to different situations. It can be applied to a variety of magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement scenarios, and can also output correction signals for controlling other devices, showing good scalability.

[0186] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between the various embodiments can be referred to in conjunction with each other. For the method embodiments, since they are generally similar to the system embodiments, their description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the system embodiments.

[0187] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0188] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0189] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, characterized in that: The system comprises: An analog front-end unit, for receiving a signal to be tested; an analog-to-digital conversion unit, configured to digitize the signal to be measured to obtain a digital signal y(t); a phase-locked amplifier circuit, configured to perform phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) and input the processed signal to a multi-mode PID control unit; The multi-mode PID control unit is used to perform PID operation on the processed signal and output a correction signal in a custom output form; The phase-locked amplifier circuit includes: a direct digital frequency synthesizer DDS, a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit and a digital switch; The DDS is used to generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt); The first digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t); The second digital multiplier is used to multiply the digital signal y(t) by the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t); The first digital low-pass filter is used to filter the first multiplication signal y X (t) performing filtering to obtain a first filtered signal X; The second digital low-pass filter is used to filter the second multiplication signal y Y (t) performing filtering to obtain a second filtered signal Y; The phase compensation control module is configured to calculate a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y, and generate a phase locking signal; The phase shift circuit is used to shift the phase of the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value; The first digital multiplier is further configured to perform a multiplication operation on the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) and the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t); The first digital low-pass filter is further used to filter the third multiplication signal y X′ (t) performing filtering processing to obtain the processed signal, wherein the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′; The digital switch is configured to output the third filtered signal X′ to the multi-mode PID control unit when receiving the phase lock signal; The multi-mode PID control unit includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module, and a communication module; The PID algorithm circuit is used to perform PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ to obtain an initial correction signal; The PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module is used to set the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and select the data output channel; The custom analog / digital bus data output module is configured to output a correction signal in the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel; The communication module is used to collect the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal, and transmit the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal to a host computer.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The custom analog / digital bus data output module is specifically used for: Outputting the initial correction signal to the communication module, wherein the initial correction signal is transmitted to the host computer by the communication module; or converting the initial correction signal into a first analog signal, and driving the first analog signal to be output to a measurement system within a preset voltage and current range; or performing data format conversion on the initial correction signal, integrating the control instruction with the format-converted initial correction signal, and outputting the integrated data to the measurement system in a preset format, wherein the preset format includes at least one of the following: serial output of a direct peripheral interface SPI protocol, serial output of an integrated circuit bus IIC protocol, and parallel output; Or the initial correction signal is converted into a frequency control word, and the frequency control word is output to the DDS.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that The analog front-end unit includes an output drive and filtering circuit, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit includes a digital-to-analog converter; The DDS is further configured to output a local oscillator signal based on the frequency control word after the custom analog / digital bus data output module outputs the frequency control word to the DDS; The digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert the local oscillator signal into a second analog signal; The output driving and filtering circuit is used to output the second analog signal to the measurement system.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The output driving and filtering circuit is further used to limit the bandwidth of the second analog signal.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The analog front-end unit includes a signal preprocessing and shaping circuit; The signal preprocessing and shaping circuit is used to receive the signal to be measured, and perform amplitude and offset adjustment and bandwidth limitation on the signal to be measured.

6. A signal processing method for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, characterized in that: The method is applied to a signal processing system for magnetic signal quantum sensing measurement, the system comprising: an analog front-end unit, an analog-to-digital conversion unit, a phase-locked amplifier circuit, and a multi-mode PID control unit, the method comprising: receiving a signal to be tested through the analog front-end unit; digitizing the signal to be measured by the analog-to-digital conversion unit to obtain a digital signal y(t); Performing phase-locked amplification processing on the digital signal y(t) through the phase-locked amplifier circuit, and inputting the processed signal into the multi-mode PID control unit; Performing PID calculation on the processed signal by the multi-mode PID control unit and outputting a correction signal in a custom output form; The phase-locked amplifier circuit includes: a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), a first digital multiplier, a second digital multiplier, a first digital low-pass filter, a second digital low-pass filter, a phase compensation control module, a phase shift circuit, and a digital switch. The method further includes: Generate a cosine reference signal cos(ωt) and a sine reference signal sin(ωt) by the DDS; The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) by the first digital multiplier to obtain a first multiplication signal y X (t); The digital signal y(t) is multiplied by the sinusoidal reference signal sin(ωt) by the second digital multiplier to obtain a second multiplication signal y Y (t); The first multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X (t) performing filtering to obtain a first filtered signal X; The second multiplication signal y is filtered by the second digital low-pass filter. Y (t) performing filtering to obtain a second filtered signal Y; Calculating a phase compensation value based on the first filtered signal X and the second filtered signal Y by the phase compensation control module, and generating a phase locking signal; performing a phase shift on the digital signal y(t) according to the phase compensation value by the phase shift circuit; The first digital multiplier multiplies the phase-shifted digital signal y(t) by the cosine reference signal cos(ωt) to obtain a third multiplication signal y X′ (t); The third multiplication signal y is filtered by the first digital low-pass filter. X′ (t) performing filtering processing to obtain the processed signal, wherein the processed signal includes a third filtered signal X′; When the phase lock signal is received, outputting the third filtered signal X′ to the multi-mode PID control unit via the digital switch; The multi-mode PID control unit includes: a PID algorithm circuit, a custom analog / digital bus data output module, a PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module, and a communication module. The method further includes: Performing a PID operation on the third filtered signal X′ by the PID algorithm circuit to obtain an initial correction signal; Setting the parameter values corresponding to the PID algorithm circuit and selecting the data output channel through the PID parameter setting and data bus output mode selection module; Outputting a correction signal of the custom output form corresponding to the data output channel based on the data output channel through the custom analog / digital bus data output module; The first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are collected through the communication module, and the first filtered signal X, the second filtered signal Y and the initial correction signal are transmitted to a host computer.

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