Method and system for rating intensity and uniformity of artificial rainfall system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of intensity of artificial rainfall system and its rainfall uniformity method and system, for solving the problem of low quality and efficiency, it is with the arrangement bed cloth of bottom raindrop splash-proof blanket to set up rainwater collection container, under the premise of not touching rainwater collection container, remove or keep arrangement bed to carry out artificial rainfall;Arrangement bed is by four frame corners connector with four edge frame with scale mark composition rectangular bed frame, at least raindrop splash-proof blanket is laid on the ground in rectangular bed frame;Two pairs of edge frame are respectively equidistantly configured raindrop splash-proof blanket to set up rainwater collection container by scale mark, and control rod is set up limiting or fixed limiting to rainwater collection container;Or edge frame is respectively equidistantly configured raindrop splash-proof blanket to set up rainwater collection container by scale mark, and laser pen is fixed by laser line of laser pen emission to set up limiting to rainwater collection container.Point laser line marking has the advantages that it is convenient to set up, it is convenient to operate, strong applicability, significantly improve the quality and efficiency of artificial rainfall simulation, especially suitable for rain intensity and uniformity simulation rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for calibrating artificial rainfall simulation, and more particularly to a method and system for calibrating rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity of an artificial rainfall simulation system. Background Technology

[0002] Artificial rainfall simulation is a crucial experimental method and research tool widely used in soil erosion studies, forecasting model development, and the analysis and evaluation of the benefits of soil and water conservation measures. Relying on natural rainfall to collect data on soil erosion and water loss has significant limitations, especially in vast areas of northern my country where rainfall is scarce and the number of rainstorms capable of causing soil erosion is limited, severely impacting the practicality of the data and hindering the development of soil and water conservation. Artificial rainfall simulation can obtain a large amount of soil erosion data in a short time, significantly shortening the research cycle and accelerating the research process. Furthermore, artificial rainfall simulation systems can combine different experimental conditions such as rainfall intensity, amount, and type to obtain data that is difficult to observe under natural rainfall conditions. Artificial rainfall simulation has significant advantages in terms of duration, efficiency, and controllability of experimental conditions, solving the problems of long time consumption, high cost, and difficulty in obtaining accurate control data associated with natural rainfall.

[0003] Rainfall intensity, or the amount of rainfall per unit time, is a crucial parameter in artificial rainfall simulation. Calibrating the rainfall intensity and its spatial distribution (i.e., rainfall uniformity) of an artificial rainfall simulation system is a vital task, providing relevant technical parameters and scientific basis for its use. Calibrating the rainfall uniformity of the system, specifically whether the rainfall intensity is evenly distributed spatially, requires calibrating the rainfall intensity at numerous locations. The more and denser the rainfall intensity data points, the more accurate the calibration results.

[0004] Rainfall or rainfall intensity observations of natural precipitation typically utilize rain gauges, including various types such as ordinary rain gauges, tipping bucket rain gauges, siphon rain gauges, and weighing rain gauges. A set of rain gauges can range in price from several thousand to tens of thousands of yuan. Purchasing a large number of rain gauges is expensive, so usually only a few are used for rainfall intensity calibration. This is clearly insufficient for accurately evaluating the uniformity of artificially simulated rainfall, as the number of measurement points is clearly inadequate. Alternatively, 1000 mL wide-mouth plastic bottles are used for rainfall intensity and uniformity calibration. Multiple bottles are evenly placed under the simulated rainfall system, and rainfall is simulated. The volume of rainwater collected in the bottles over a certain period is measured and converted into the simulated rainfall intensity. This method is relatively economical, as wide-mouth plastic bottles are relatively inexpensive. This method is currently a commonly used method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of simulated rainfall systems. However, this method still has problems. Because the 1000 mL wide-mouth bottles are relatively short, only about 15 cm high, some raindrops splash into nearby bottles after hitting the ground. This means the bottles collect not only rainwater falling from above the bottle opening but also some that splashed in from other areas. Another problem is that when calibrating the uniformity of rainfall intensity, the measurement points are designed with grid points of different densities. The locations of these points must be confirmed according to the designed density, measured with a ruler, and multiple people must work together to mark the measurement points on the ground beforehand. When calibrating different measurement densities, the existing measurement points on the ground need to be cleared and new points redrawn. Measurements often use hundreds of wide-mouth bottles, and placing these bottles in accurate positions takes a long time. Furthermore, the volume of rainwater collected in each bottle is measured manually using a graduated cylinder. When measuring liquid volume with a graduated cylinder, the line of sight must be level with the concave meniscus of the liquid inside the cylinder; if the line of sight is too high or too low, the reading will be inaccurate, making it difficult to control errors in manual measurement. Furthermore, during simulated heavy rainfall, the rainwater collection container may shift or tilt, thus affecting the measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity of an artificially simulated rainfall system. This invention also provides a system for implementing this method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of an artificially simulated rainfall system. Its key feature is the use of a rainwater collection container on a bed with a rain-splash-proof mat as the base. After installation, the bed can be removed or left in place without disturbing the rainwater collection container to simulate rainfall. The bed consists of a rectangular frame composed of four frame rails with scale markings and four corner connectors. At least the ground within the rectangular frame is covered with a rain-splash-proof mat. Two pairs of frame rails are equidistantly arranged with longitudinal and transverse grid control rods for measuring rainfall points according to the scale markings. The rainwater collection container is used to protect the rainwater at the measuring points from splashing. On the splash blanket, longitudinal and transverse grid control rods limit or fix the rainwater collection container; alternatively, rain-measuring points are equidistantly arranged on the frame according to scale markings, controlled by longitudinal and transverse grid laser pens. The rainwater collection container is placed on the raindrop splash blanket at the rain-measuring points, and the laser lines emitted by the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens mark the rainwater collection container with laser lines. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder, or a cylinder with downward-facing protrusions that cooperate with the raindrop splash blanket, or a cylinder with a permanent magnet fixed to its bottom and attracted to the iron plate, placed under the raindrop splash blanket. Such protrusions and magnetic settings significantly improve the stability of the rainwater collection container, allowing it to withstand heavy rain simulations even without the substrate. This magnetic design facilitates placement and removal without damaging the raindrop splash blanket. The raindrop splash blanket is an absorbent blanket made of hydrophilic fibers. The use of a grid-like control rod system significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of rainwater harvesting container deployment through direct positioning. After deployment, the installation bed can be removed for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation, while retaining the installation bed allows for simulation of heavy rainfall. Alternatively, a grid-like control laser pen system, using laser beams for visual correction, also significantly improves deployment accuracy. With skilled operation, deployment efficiency is further enhanced because the control rods reduce obstruction of the view and space, minimize raindrop splashing, and allow for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation without removing the installation bed. The rainwater harvesting containers are fitted with protruding spikes that anchor to the raindrop splash guard, preventing displacement and tilting, making them more suitable for heavy rainfall simulation. Although the raindrop splash guard between the ferrous plate and the cylindrical permanent magnet may affect magnetic attraction, this effect is negligible when using a thin raindrop splash guard, as it does not significantly impact the normal functioning of the magnetic fixation. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with an open top and a height greater than twice its diameter. The system also includes an intelligent weighing calculator for weighing the rainwater collection container and an electronic thermometer wirelessly connected to the intelligent weighing calculator. This electronic thermometer can be flexibly configured on the port of the rainwater collection container via a mounting bracket, extending into the rainwater collected inside the container to automatically measure the water temperature. It offers advantages such as convenient and efficient deployment of the rainwater collection container, ease of operation, strong applicability, significantly improved efficiency in artificial rainfall simulation calibration, and is particularly suitable for rainfall intensity and uniformity simulation calibration.

[0007] As an optimization, the rainwater collection container layout using the rain gauge grid control rod involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rain gauge point within the grid control rod. Similarly, the rainwater collection container layout using the rain gauge grid control laser pointer involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rain gauge point within the laser line projected by the laser pointer. The grid control rod is a multi-section telescopic rod composed of multiple segments joined together, with connecting mechanisms at both ends for easy disassembly and reassembly positioning on the frame. The frame ends are fixedly connected to the corner connectors for easy disassembly and reassembly. The frame is either a folding frame or a multi-section frame extended from each other. The connecting mechanism has through holes or transparent windows for observing the scale graduations. Rainwater collection containers are not placed at one or more rings of rain gauge points near the four frame edges. This prevents the placement of rainwater collection containers from being easily touched when removing the setup bed, thus avoiding displacement or tilting of the containers. On the other hand, even if the bed is not removed and artificial rainfall is simulated directly, the raindrops splashed from the edge of the bed will not easily fall into the rainwater collection container because the edge of the bed is no longer equipped with a rainwater collection container, causing unnecessary measurement errors.

[0008] As an optimization, the connecting mechanism is a positioning hook, positioning clamp, or positioning clip; the multi-section telescopic rod consists of symmetrical thick tubes at both ends that slide inwards symmetrically with inner thin tubes, and the innermost end symmetrically slides with an inner thin tube, which is then connected by a connecting tube in the inner or outer sleeve. The tubes that make up the multi-section telescopic rod are round or rectangular tubes, preferably rectangular tubes with a wider width. The frame corner connector is inserted and fixed to the end of the multi-section frame through blind holes. The multi-section frame is composed of at least two tube segments inserted together. The protruding plug of one end is inserted into the inner circumference of the other end, and a locking pin is provided to fix the insertion. Scale markings are provided on the two tube segments. The tubes that make up the multi-section frame are rectangular tubes, which are narrow vertical tubes with a cross-sectional height at least twice the width. The frame corner connector has a fixed bolt nut welded below its blind hole. The bottom of both ends of the multi-section frame has bolt blind holes or through holes corresponding to the bolts. The bolts fitted with the bolt nuts are bolted to the bolt blind holes or through holes.

[0009] As an optimization, removing the arrangement bed involves installing the rainwater collection container, removing the horizontal and vertical grid control rods, turning off the laser pointer, or removing the laser pointer or the entire arrangement bed. The four corner connectors are connected downwards via swivel joints or fixed corner connectors to the same height as the uprights, with the corner connectors fixed to the bottom frame opposite the upper and lower sides of the frame in a convenient disassembly and assembly manner. The height of the rainwater collection container is more than twice the height of the frame. Alternatively, the four corner connectors can be fixed downwards to the corner connector base via fixed uprights of equal height. The corner connector base is a large-foot counterweight base.

[0010] As an optimization, the rainwater collection bed is retained in its original position after the rainwater collection containers are installed. During artificial rainfall, horizontal and vertical grid control rods are used to restrict the displacement or tilting of the rainwater collection containers. After artificial rainfall, the displacement and tilting of the rainwater collection containers are judged by referring to the horizontal and vertical grid control rods or the control laser lines of the horizontal and vertical grid, and calibration is performed. A laser pen holder is provided on the frame, which secures the laser pen upward and the frame downward; or the frame is equipped with a laser pen holder, which secures the frame downward, and the laser pen holder is fixed upward to the laser pen holder through a manually locked universal hinge mechanism. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than its width and a sharp end. When using a laser pen, the rainwater collection container is at least a transparent cylinder with transparent side walls or at least a white outer wall. A lower spiked plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the rainwater collection container; or a counterweight plate and a lower spiked plate are fixed downward on the bottom surface of the rainwater collection container. This significantly improves the stability of the rainwater harvesting container, allowing it to be used even without the bed for simulating heavy rain. When using a transparent sidewall cylinder, a laser beam can be positioned near the outer wall of the rainwater harvesting container. When the laser beam is projected onto the sidewall of the transparent cylinder, the laser spot projected onto the cylinder wall is clearly visible both inside and outside the cylinder. This makes it easy to adjust the cylinder position until the laser spot is no longer visible on the sidewall, ensuring the rainwater harvesting container is accurately positioned at the rain measurement point. Using a white outer wall cylinder makes it very easy to observe any color laser beam projected onto the outer wall, thus facilitating accurate positioning and cylinder alignment. The rainwater harvesting container is a cylinder with a height greater than twice its width, making it less susceptible to the effects of splashing raindrops.

[0011] The system for implementing the method of calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of the artificial rainfall simulation system described in this invention includes a deployment bed for laying rainwater collection containers and a raindrop splash-proof blanket. After deployment, the deployment bed can be removed or retained for artificial rainfall simulation without disturbing the rainwater collection containers. The deployment bed consists of a rectangular frame composed of four frame rails with scale markings and four corner connectors. At least the ground within the rectangular frame is covered with a raindrop splash-proof blanket. Two pairs of frame rails are respectively configured with longitudinal and transverse grid control rods for rainfall measurement points at equal intervals according to the scale markings. The rainwater collection containers are placed on the raindrop splash-proof blanket at the rainfall measurement points. The system uses a grid control rod to limit or fix the rainwater collection container; alternatively, a grid control laser pen is used to equidistantly arrange rain-measuring points on the frame according to the scale. The rainwater collection container is placed on the raindrop splash-proof blanket at the rain-measuring points, and the laser line emitted by the grid control laser pen marks the position of the rainwater collection container. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder, or a cylinder with downward-facing protrusions that cooperate with the raindrop splash-proof blanket, or a cylinder with a permanent magnet fixed to its bottom, attracting the iron plate, placed under the raindrop splash-proof blanket. This protrusion and magnetic design significantly improves the stability of the rainwater collection container, allowing it to withstand heavy rain even without the bed. This magnetic design facilitates installation and removal without damaging the raindrop splash-proof blanket. The raindrop splash-proof blanket is an absorbent blanket made of hydrophilic fibers. The use of a grid-like control rod system significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of rainwater harvesting container deployment through direct positioning. After deployment, the installation bed can be removed for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation, while retaining the installation bed allows for simulation of heavy rainfall. Alternatively, a grid-like control laser pen system, using laser beams for visual correction, also significantly improves deployment accuracy. With skilled operation, deployment efficiency is further enhanced because the control rods reduce obstruction of the view and space, minimize raindrop splashing, and allow for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation without removing the installation bed. The rainwater harvesting containers are fitted with protruding spikes that anchor to the raindrop splash guard, preventing displacement and tilting, making them more suitable for heavy rainfall simulation. Although the raindrop splash guard between the ferrous plate and the cylindrical permanent magnet may affect magnetic attraction, this effect is negligible when using a thin raindrop splash guard, as it does not significantly impact the normal functioning of the magnetic fixation. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with an open top and a height greater than twice its diameter. The system also includes an intelligent weighing calculator for weighing the rainwater collection container and an electronic thermometer wirelessly connected to the intelligent weighing calculator. This electronic thermometer can be flexibly configured on the port of the rainwater collection container via a mounting bracket, extending into the rainwater collected inside the container to automatically measure the water temperature. It offers advantages such as convenient and efficient deployment of the rainwater collection container, ease of operation, strong applicability, significantly improved efficiency in artificial rainfall simulation calibration, and is particularly suitable for rainfall intensity and uniformity simulation calibration.

[0012] As an optimization, the rainwater collection container layout using the rain gauge grid control rod involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rain gauge point within the grid control rod. Similarly, the rainwater collection container layout using the rain gauge grid control laser pointer involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rain gauge point within the laser line projected by the laser pointer. The grid control rod is a multi-section telescopic rod composed of multiple segments joined together, with connecting mechanisms at both ends for easy disassembly and reassembly positioning on the frame. The frame ends are fixedly connected to the corner connectors for easy disassembly and reassembly. The frame is either a folding frame or a multi-section frame extended from each other. The connecting mechanism has through holes or transparent windows for observing the scale graduations. Rainwater collection containers are not placed at one or more rings of rain gauge points near the four frame edges. This prevents the placement of rainwater collection containers from being easily touched when removing the setup bed, thus avoiding displacement or tilting of the containers. On the other hand, even if the bed is not removed and artificial rainfall is simulated directly, the raindrops splashed from the edge of the bed will not easily fall into the rainwater collection container because the edge of the bed is no longer equipped with a rainwater collection container, causing unnecessary measurement errors.

[0013] As an optimization, the connecting mechanism is a positioning hook, positioning clamp, or positioning clip; the multi-section telescopic rod consists of symmetrical thick tubes at both ends that slide inwards symmetrically with inner thin tubes, and the innermost end symmetrically slides with an inner thin tube, which is then connected by a connecting tube in the inner or outer sleeve. The tubes that make up the multi-section telescopic rod are round or rectangular tubes, preferably rectangular tubes with a wider width. The frame corner connector is inserted and fixed to the end of the multi-section frame through blind holes. The multi-section frame is composed of at least two tube segments inserted together. The protruding plug of one end is inserted into the inner circumference of the other end, and a locking pin is provided to fix the insertion. Scale markings are provided on the two tube segments. The tubes that make up the multi-section frame are rectangular tubes, which are narrow vertical tubes with a cross-sectional height at least twice the width. The frame corner connector has a fixed bolt nut welded below its blind hole. The bottom of both ends of the multi-section frame has bolt blind holes or through holes corresponding to the bolts. The bolts fitted with the bolt nuts are bolted to the bolt blind holes or through holes.

[0014] As an optimization, removing the arrangement bed involves installing the rainwater collection container, removing the horizontal and vertical grid control rods, turning off the laser pointer, or removing the laser pointer or the entire arrangement bed. The four corner connectors are connected downwards via swivel joints or fixed corner connectors to the same height as the uprights, with the corner connectors fixed to the bottom frame opposite the upper and lower sides of the frame in a convenient disassembly and assembly manner. The height of the rainwater collection container is more than twice the height of the frame. Alternatively, the four corner connectors can be fixed downwards to the corner connector base via fixed uprights of equal height. The corner connector base is a large-foot counterweight base.

[0015] As an optimization, the rainwater collection bed is retained in its original position after the rainwater collection containers are installed. During artificial rainfall, horizontal and vertical grid control rods are used to restrict the displacement or tilting of the rainwater collection containers. After artificial rainfall, the displacement and tilting of the rainwater collection containers are judged by referring to the horizontal and vertical grid control rods or the control laser lines of the horizontal and vertical grid, and calibration is performed. A laser pen holder is provided on the frame, which secures the laser pen upward and the frame downward; or the frame is equipped with a laser pen holder, which secures the frame downward, and the laser pen holder is fixed upward to the laser pen holder through a manually locked universal hinge mechanism. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than its width and a sharp end. When using a laser pen, the rainwater collection container is at least a transparent cylinder with transparent side walls or at least a white outer wall. A lower spiked plate is fixed to the bottom surface of the rainwater collection container; or a counterweight plate and a lower spiked plate are fixed downward on the bottom surface of the rainwater collection container. This significantly improves the stability of the rainwater harvesting container, allowing it to be used even without the bed for simulating heavy rain. When using a transparent sidewall cylinder, a laser beam can be positioned near the outer wall of the rainwater harvesting container. When the laser beam is projected onto the sidewall of the transparent cylinder, the laser spot projected onto the cylinder wall is clearly visible both inside and outside the cylinder. This makes it easy to adjust the cylinder position until the laser spot is no longer visible on the sidewall, ensuring the rainwater harvesting container is accurately positioned at the rain measurement point. Using a white outer wall makes it very easy to observe any color laser beam projected onto the outer wall, thus facilitating accurate positioning and cylinder alignment. The rainwater harvesting container is a cylinder with a height greater than twice its width, making it less susceptible to the effects of splashing raindrops.

[0016] The length and width of the system's frame and bottom frame are determined by the effective rainfall area of ​​the artificially simulated rainfall system, or by the range of rainfall intensity to be calibrated. The frame and bottom frame are spliced ​​together for easy disassembly and storage. The uprights support the upper frame and are connected to the bottom frame using three-pronged right-angle connectors. The uprights are 20cm high. The three-pronged right-angle connectors connect the frame to the uprights or the bottom frame to the uprights. The frame is also spliced ​​together and has length markings. The positioning hooks are positioned according to the required accuracy of the rainfall intensity uniformity calibration. The grid control rod is detachable and splicable. The rainwater collection container, also known as a simple rain gauge, is a cylindrical container 70cm high with a base diameter of 20cm. Its top rain-collecting opening must be sharp to prevent raindrops from hitting the edge and causing errors.

[0017] This system primarily addresses three technical issues: First, it solves the problem of raindrops splashing into the rainwater collection container. By increasing the height of the collection container and laying absorbent blankets in areas without collection containers, rainwater is prevented from splashing into the container. Second, it improves the efficiency of placing measurement points of different densities and a large number of wide-mouthed bottles. The system's detachable and foldable frame is graduated, and there is a grid control rod in the middle for the measurement points. By adjusting the grid control rod, different measurement densities can be set, and the rainwater collection container simply needs to be placed within the adjusted grid. Third, it addresses the problem of inaccurate rainwater volume measurement. By employing a weighing method, the balance has high weighing accuracy and can directly display the weighing data. The density of water is constant at different temperatures. By measuring the water temperature in advance to determine the water density, the volume of rainwater collected in the simulated rainfall can be calculated, and the rainfall intensity can be further calculated. This system can improve the efficiency of calibration experiments, requires less investment, and is simple to operate. It has already been applied in the calibration work of the artificial rainfall simulation hall at Beijing Normal University with excellent results, and it is hoped that its use will be promoted in related fields nationwide.

[0018] After adopting the above technical solution, the method and system for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of the artificial simulated rainfall system of the present invention have the advantages of convenient deployment of rainwater collection containers with good deployment quality and efficiency, easy operation, strong applicability, significantly improving the quality and efficiency of artificial simulated rainfall calibration, and being particularly suitable for rainfall intensity and uniformity simulation calibration. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a rainwater collection container bed used to implement the method of calibrating the rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity of an artificial simulated rainfall system according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view of the rainwater collection container arrangement bed in the first embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a rainwater collection container used in the first embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a top view structural diagram of the rainwater collection container bed layout and heavy rain usage state in the first embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a top-view schematic diagram of the rainfall status after the rainwater collection container is deployed according to the first embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the layout of the rainwater collection container arrangement bed in the second embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a side view of the rainwater collection container used in the second embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the layout of the rainwater collection container bed according to the third embodiment of the system of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a side view of the rainwater collection container used in the third embodiment of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] This invention provides a method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of an artificial rainfall simulation system. This method involves deploying a rainwater collection container on a bed with a rain-splash-proof mat as the base. After deployment, the bed can be removed or left in place without disturbing the rainwater collection container, allowing for simulated rainfall. The bed consists of a rectangular frame composed of four side frames with scale markings and four corner connectors. At least the ground within the rectangular frame is covered with a rain-splash-proof mat. Two pairs of side frames are equidistantly spaced according to the scale markings, with control rods for the longitudinal and transverse grids at the rainfall measurement points. The rainwater collection container is placed on the rain-splash-proof mat at each measurement point. The control lever limits or fixes the rainwater collection container; alternatively, the frame is equipped with rain-measuring points arranged in a grid pattern according to scale graduations, controlling a laser pointer. The rainwater collection container is placed on the raindrop splash-proof blanket at the rain-measuring points, and the laser lines emitted by the grid control laser pointer mark the rainwater collection container. The rainwater collection container is cylindrical, or a cylindrical container with downward-facing protrusions that cooperate with the raindrop splash-proof blanket, or a cylindrical container with a permanent magnet fixed to its bottom, attracting the iron plate, placed under the raindrop splash-proof blanket. This protrusion and magnetic arrangement significantly improves the stability of the rainwater collection container, allowing it to withstand heavy rain simulations even without the substrate. This magnetic design facilitates installation and removal without damaging the raindrop splash-proof blanket. The raindrop splash-proof blanket is an absorbent blanket made of hydrophilic fibers. The use of a grid-like control rod system significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of rainwater harvesting container deployment through direct positioning. After deployment, the installation bed can be removed for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation, while retaining the installation bed allows for simulation of heavy rainfall. Alternatively, a grid-like control laser pen system, using laser beams for visual correction, also significantly improves deployment accuracy. With skilled operation, deployment efficiency is further enhanced because the control rods reduce obstruction of the view and space, minimize raindrop splashing, and allow for high-precision artificial rainfall simulation without removing the installation bed. The rainwater harvesting containers are fitted with protruding spikes that anchor to the raindrop splash guard, preventing displacement and tilting, making them more suitable for heavy rainfall simulation. Although the raindrop splash guard between the ferrous plate and the cylindrical permanent magnet may affect magnetic attraction, this effect is negligible when using a thin raindrop splash guard, as it does not significantly impact the normal functioning of the magnetic fixation. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with an open top and a height greater than twice its diameter. The system also includes an intelligent weighing calculator for weighing the rainwater collection container and an electronic thermometer wirelessly connected to the intelligent weighing calculator. This electronic thermometer can be flexibly configured on the port of the rainwater collection container via a mounting bracket, extending into the rainwater collected inside the container to automatically measure the water temperature. It offers advantages such as convenient and efficient deployment of the rainwater collection container, ease of operation, strong applicability, significantly improved efficiency in artificial rainfall simulation calibration, and is particularly suitable for rainfall intensity and uniformity simulation calibration.

[0021] The rainwater collection container layout using a grid control rod system involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rainwater measuring point within the grid control rod system. Similarly, the rainwater collection container layout using a laser pointer controlled by the grid control rod system involves placing one rainwater collection container at each rainwater measuring point within the laser line projected by the laser pointer. The grid control rod is a multi-section telescopic rod composed of multiple segments joined together. Both ends of the grid control rod are equipped with connecting mechanisms for easy disassembly and reassembly positioning on the frame. The two ends of the frame are fixedly connected to the corner connectors for easy disassembly and reassembly. The frame is either a folding frame or a multi-section frame composed of multiple segments extended together. The connecting mechanism has through holes or transparent windows for observing the scale graduations. Rainwater collection containers are not placed at one or more rings of rainwater measuring points near the four outer edges of the frame. This prevents the placement of rainwater collection containers from being easily touched when removing the setup bed, thus avoiding displacement or tilting of the containers. On the other hand, even if the bed is not removed and artificial rainfall is simulated directly, the raindrops splashed from the edge of the bed will not easily fall into the rainwater collection container because the edge of the bed is no longer equipped with a rainwater collection container, causing unnecessary measurement errors.

[0022] The connecting mechanism is a positioning hook, positioning clamp, or positioning clip; the multi-section telescopic rod consists of symmetrical thick tubes at both ends that slide inwards symmetrically with inner thin tubes, and the innermost end symmetrically slides with an inner thin tube, which is then connected by a connecting tube in the inner or outer sleeve. The tubes that make up the multi-section telescopic rod are round or rectangular tubes, with rectangular tubes preferably being wider horizontally.

[0023] The corner connector is fixed to the end of a multi-section frame via blind holes. The multi-section frame consists of at least two tube segments. One segment has a protruding plug at its mating end that inserts into the inner circumference of the other segment, secured with a locking pin. Scale markings are provided on both tube segments. The tubes forming the multi-section frame are rectangular tubes, specifically narrow vertical tubes with a cross-sectional height at least twice their width. A locking nut is welded below the blind hole of the corner connector. Both ends of the multi-section frame have corresponding locking blind holes or through holes at their lower ends. The bolts fitted with the locking nuts are secured to the locking blind holes or through holes.

[0024] Removing the arrangement bed involves installing the rainwater collection container, removing the horizontal and vertical grid control rods, turning off the laser pointer, or removing the laser pointer or the entire arrangement bed. The four corner connectors are connected downwards via swivel joints or fixed corner connectors to the same height as the uprights. The corner connectors are fixedly connected to the bottom frame, which is vertically opposite to the frame, in a convenient disassembly and assembly manner. The height of the rainwater collection container is more than twice the height of the frame. Alternatively, the four corner connectors can be fixed downwards to the corner connector base via fixed uprights. The corner connector base is a large-foot counterweight base.

[0025] The rainwater collection bed is maintained in its original position after the rainwater collection containers are installed. During artificial rainfall, horizontal and vertical grid control rods are used to limit the displacement or tilting of the rainwater collection containers. After artificial rainfall, the displacement and tilting of the rainwater collection containers are judged by referring to the horizontal and vertical grid control rods or the control laser lines of the horizontal and vertical grid, and calibration is performed. A laser pointer holder is installed on the frame, with the laser pointer holder securing the laser pointer upwards and the frame downwards; alternatively, a laser pointer holder is installed on the frame, securing the frame downwards, and the laser pointer holder is fixed upwards to the laser pointer mounting bracket via a manually locked universal hinge mechanism. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than its width and a sharp end; when using a laser pointer, the rainwater collection container is at least a transparent cylinder with transparent side walls or at least a white outer wall. A lower spiked plate is fixed to the bottom of the rainwater collection container; alternatively, a counterweight plate and a lower spiked plate are fixed downwards on the bottom of the rainwater collection container. This significantly improves the stability of the rainwater collection container, and it can even be used for simulating heavy rain without removing the collection bed. When using a transparent cylinder with sidewalls, a laser beam can be positioned near the outer wall of the rainwater collection container. When the laser beam is projected onto the sidewall of the transparent cylinder, the laser spot projected onto the cylinder wall can be clearly observed both inside and outside the cylinder. This allows for easy adjustment of the cylinder position until the laser spot is no longer visible on the sidewall, ensuring the rainwater collection container is accurately positioned at the rain measurement point. When using a white outer wall, laser beams of any color projected onto the outer wall are easily observed, making it very easy to accurately position the rainwater collection container and correct its position. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than twice its width, making it less susceptible to the effects of splashing raindrops.

[0026] Example 1, as Figure 1-5 As shown, the system for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of the artificial rainfall simulation system according to the present invention includes an arrangement bed for deploying rainwater collection containers 3 and a raindrop splash-proof blanket 8. After deployment, the arrangement bed can be removed or retained for artificial rainfall simulation without disturbing the rainwater collection containers 3. The arrangement bed is a rectangular frame composed of four frame rails 1 with scale markings 11 and four corner connectors 12. The raindrop splash-proof blanket 8 is laid on the ground within at least the rectangular frame. Two pairs of frame rails are respectively arranged with longitudinal and transverse grid control rods 2 at equal intervals according to the scale markings 11. The rainwater collection containers 3 are placed on the raindrop splash-proof blanket 8 at the rainwater collection points. The longitudinal and transverse grid control rods 2 limit or fix the rainwater collection containers 3. The raindrop splash-proof blanket 8 is a water-absorbing blanket made of hydrophilic fibers. Employing a grid-like control rod system, the direct limiting effect of the control rods significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of rainwater harvesting container deployment. After deploying the rainwater harvesting containers, the placement bed is removed, and high-precision artificial rainfall simulation is then conducted. Figure 5 The arrangement of beds can also be used to simulate heavy rain, such as... Figure 4The rainwater collection container is equipped with protruding spikes that are embedded in the raindrop splash guard to prevent displacement and tilting, making it more suitable for simulating heavy rainfall. The rainwater collection container 3 has an open-top cylinder with a pointed port, its height exceeding twice its diameter, making it less susceptible to splashing raindrops. The system also includes an intelligent weighing calculator for weighing the rainwater collection container, and an electronic thermometer wirelessly connected to the calculator. This thermometer can be flexibly mounted on the port of the rainwater collection container via a mounting bracket, extending into the collected rainwater for automatic temperature measurement.

[0027] The rainwater collection containers 3 of the rain measuring point grid control rod 2 are deployed by placing one rainwater collection container 3 at each rain measuring point within the grid control rod 2. The grid control rod 2 is a multi-section telescopic rod composed of multiple segments connected together. Both ends of the grid control rod are equipped with connecting mechanisms 21 for easy disassembly and assembly on the frame 1. Both ends of the frame 1 are fixedly connected to the corner connectors 12 for easy disassembly and assembly. The frame 1 is a multi-section frame composed of multiple segments extended together, and can also be a folding frame. The connecting mechanism 21 is provided with through holes or transparent window for observing the scale graduations. The connecting mechanism 21 is a positioning hook, or can also be a positioning clamp or positioning clip. The multi-section telescopic rod consists of symmetrical thick tubes at both ends, which slide inwards symmetrically with inner thin tubes, and the innermost end symmetrically slides with an inner thin tube, then slides together through the inner or outer connecting tube. The tubes constituting the multi-section telescopic rod are round or rectangular tubes, with rectangular tubes preferably being wider horizontally. The corner connector 12 is fixedly connected to the end of the multi-section frame via blind holes. The multi-section frame consists of at least two rectangular tubes connected together. The protruding plug of one end is inserted into the inner circumference of the other end, and a locking pin is provided for fixing the insertion. Scale markings 11 are provided on the two rectangular tubes. The rectangular tubes are narrow vertical tubes with a cross-sectional height at least twice their width. The corner connector has a fixed bolt nut welded below its blind hole. Both ends of the multi-section frame have fixed blind holes or through holes corresponding to the bolts. The bolts fitted with the fixed bolts are fixed to the fixed blind holes or through holes.

[0028] Removing the arrangement bed involves either removing the longitudinal and transverse grid control rods after installing the rainwater collection container, or removing the entire arrangement bed. The four corner connectors 12 are connected downwards to or fixed to the corner connectors 14 via movable, level uprights 13. The corner connectors 14 are fixedly connected to the bottom frame 15, which is vertically opposite to the frame 1, in a convenient disassembly and assembly manner. The height of the rainwater collection container is more than twice the height of the frame 1. This method offers advantages such as convenient installation of the rainwater collection container, high installation efficiency, ease of operation, strong applicability, significantly improved efficiency in artificial rainfall simulation calibration, and particular suitability for rainfall intensity and uniformity simulation calibration.

[0029] Example 2, as Figure 6-7As shown, the system used to implement the method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity of the artificial simulated rainfall system of the present invention differs from the above embodiment one in that: the rainwater collection container 3 of the rainwater collection point control laser pen 4 is arranged such that each rainwater collection point within the laser line 41 projected by the laser pen 4 is placed with a rainwater collection container 3; the four corner connectors 12 are respectively fixed to the corner connector base 16 downwards through the fixed equal-height uprights. The corner connector base 16 is a large-foot counterweight seat. The frame 1 is arranged with the rainwater collection point control laser pen 4 at equal intervals according to the scale. The rainwater collection container 3 is used to be placed on the raindrop splash-proof blanket 8 at the rainwater collection point. The laser line 41 emitted by the laser pen 4 is used to mark the position of the rainwater collection container 3 with a fixed laser line; the rainwater collection container 3 is a cylinder with a downward-facing bottom and a downward-facing protrusion that cooperates with the raindrop splash-proof blanket. The bottom of the rainwater collection container 3 is fixed with a counterweight plate 30 and a downward-facing protrusion plate 31 in sequence. Alternatively, the bottom of the rainwater harvesting container can be fixed with only a protruding spike plate. This significantly improves the stability of the rainwater harvesting container, and it can even be used for simulating heavy rain without removing the arrangement bed. When using a laser pointer, the rainwater harvesting container should be at least a transparent cylinder with transparent side walls or at least a white outer wall. Removing the arrangement bed means setting up the rainwater harvesting container, turning off the laser pointer, or removing the laser pointer or the entire arrangement bed.

[0030] Frame 1 is equipped with a laser pointer holder, which secures the laser pointer upwards and the frame downwards; alternatively, frame 1 can also be equipped with a laser pointer holder, which secures the frame downwards and is connected to the laser pointer mounting bracket upwards via a manually locked universal hinge mechanism. Using a grid-like control method for the laser pointer, and through the visual correction effect of the laser beam, the accuracy of rainwater harvesting container placement can be significantly improved. With skilled operation, the placement efficiency can be significantly improved because there is less obstruction and space occupation of the control rod during placement, less raindrop splashing caused by the control rod, and artificial rainfall can be simulated without removing the placement bed.

[0031] The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than its width and a pointed end. When using a laser pointer, the rainwater collection container is at least a transparent cylinder with transparent side walls or at least a white outer wall. A protruding spiked plate is fixed to the bottom of the rainwater collection container; or a counterweight plate and a protruding spiked plate are fixed downwards on the bottom of the rainwater collection container. When using a transparent cylinder with side walls, a laser beam can be positioned near the outer wall of the rainwater collection container. When the laser beam is projected onto the side wall of the transparent cylinder, the laser spot projected onto the cylinder wall can be clearly observed both inside and outside the cylinder. This makes it easy to adjust the cylinder position until the laser spot is no longer visible on the side wall of the transparent cylinder, ensuring that the rainwater collection container is accurately positioned at the rain measurement point. When using a white outer wall, any color laser beam projected onto the outer wall of the cylinder is very easy to observe, making it very easy to accurately position the rainwater collection container and correct its position. The rainwater collection container is a cylinder with a height greater than twice its width, which makes it less susceptible to the influence of splashing raindrops.

[0032] Example 3, as Figure 8-9 As shown, the system used to implement the method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of the artificial simulated rainfall system of the present invention differs from the above-described embodiment two in that: a ferroic plate 80 is laid under the raindrop splash blanket 8, and the rainwater collection container 3 is a cylinder with a permanent magnet 33 fixed underneath to attract the ferroic plate. This facilitates deployment and removal without damaging the raindrop splash blanket 8. This magnetic design facilitates deployment and removal without damaging the raindrop splash blanket.

[0033] In practical applications, firstly, an absorbent mat is laid under the effective rainfall area of ​​the rain machine, or under the range of rainfall intensity to be calibrated. The base frame is assembled, and the placement of the four corners is confirmed. The assembled base frame is placed on the absorbent mat. The uprights are connected using three-pronged right-angle connectors. After assembling the outer frame, it is connected to the uprights using three-pronged right-angle connectors. Positioning hooks are set on the four sides of the frame according to the required accuracy of rainfall intensity uniformity calibration, i.e., the density of rainfall measurement points. The grid control rod is spliced ​​to a suitable length and then connected to the positioning hooks to determine the rainfall intensity measurement point grid. The known weight ( W 1 Place the rainwater collection containers into the grid of rainfall intensity measurement points, ensuring that the containers are positioned close to the lower left corner of the grid control rod to maintain consistent relative positions. After placing rainwater collection containers in all grids, remove the grid control rods.

[0034] Measure the temperature of the simulated rainfall water using a thermometer, in °C, and confirm the density of the water at that temperature. Turn on the artificial rainfall simulator to begin rainfall intensity calibration and record the duration of the simulated rainfall. t The choice of rainfall intensity depends on the calibration requirements; generally, at least four rainfall intensities, from lowest to highest, should be selected for calibration. When calibrating for lower rainfall intensities, the simulated rainfall time must be increased; if the rainfall amount is very small, the calibration error will increase. After the simulated rainfall stops, the total weight of the rainwater collection container and the rainwater inside should be measured sequentially at each rainfall intensity measurement point, and the location of the measurement grid should be recorded. First, the outer wall of the rainwater collection container should be wiped dry, and then weighed using an electronic balance (0.01g accuracy). W 2 It can calculate the weight of rainwater. W 水 = W 2 - W 1 Calculate the volume of rainwater. v = W 水 / ρ 水 The formula for calculating rainfall intensity (mm / h) at a given measurement point is: I= [10×( v ÷s )〕÷ t In the formula: I Rainfall intensity (mm / h); v The volume of rainwater in the rain collection bottle (ml); s Surface area of ​​the rainwater collection container opening (cm²) 2 ); t Rainfall duration (h); W 水 The weight of the water in the rainwater collection container; W 2 The gross weight of water contained in the rainwater collection container; W 1 The net weight of the rainwater collection container; ρ 水 This is the specific gravity of water.

[0035] Rainfall intensity contour lines are one way to evaluate the uniformity of rainfall. To draw rainfall intensity contour lines, Furfer software is used, with the distance between measuring points as the coordinate system, and the Kriging method is used to interpolate the rainfall intensity contour lines.

[0036] The uniformity coefficient is used to represent the uniformity of rainfall, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] In the formula: K The uniformity coefficient; To calibrate the average rainfall (mm) at all measuring points within the measurement area; P i Rainfall (mm) at each measuring point; I i The rainfall intensity (mm / h) at each rainfall measurement point; m This represents the total number of all measuring points. The larger the uniformity coefficient, the better the uniformity of the simulated rainfall.

[0039] In summary, the present invention provides a method and system for calibrating the rainfall intensity and uniformity of an artificial rainfall simulation system. These advantages include convenient deployment of rainwater collection containers with good deployment efficiency, ease of operation, strong applicability, and significantly improved efficiency in artificial rainfall simulation calibration. The system is particularly suitable for calibrating rainfall intensity and uniformity simulations.

Claims

1. A method for calibrating the rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity of an artificially simulated rainfall system, characterized in that: The raindrop splash-proof blanket is arranged on the bed to lay the rainwater collecting container, and after the laying, the arranged bed is removed or reserved without touching the rainwater collecting container to simulate artificial rainfall; the arranged bed is composed of four edge frames with scale marks and four frame corner connectors to form a rectangular bed frame, and the raindrop splash-proof blanket is laid on the ground in the rectangular bed frame; the edge frames are respectively arranged with raindrop measuring point longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens at equal intervals according to the scale marks, the rainwater collecting container is arranged on the raindrop splash-proof blanket of the raindrop measuring point, the laser line emitted by the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens is used for laser line marking of the rainwater collecting container, and one rainwater collecting container is arranged at each raindrop measuring point in the laser line emitted by the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens; an iron plate is laid under the raindrop splash-proof blanket, the rainwater collecting container is a cylinder with a permanent magnet attracted to the iron plate, and the height of the rainwater collecting container is greater than twice the height of the edge frame.

2. The method for rating the intensity and uniformity of rainfall of an artificial rainfall system according to claim 1, characterized in that The two ends of the edge frame are fixedly connected with the frame corner connector in a convenient dismounting mode, and the edge frame is a folding frame or a multi-section frame.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the rain intensity and the rain uniformity of the artificial rainfall system are calibrated. The frame corner connector is fixedly connected with the multi-section frame end through a blind hole and plug-in connection, the multi-section frame is composed of at least two sections of pipes, a plug-in connector is arranged at the front end of one section of pipes and is inserted into the inner wall of the other section of pipes, and a locking pin is arranged to fix the plug-in connection, and scale marks are arranged on the upper surface of the two sections of pipes.

4. The method for rating the intensity and uniformity of rainfall of an artificial rainfall system according to claim 1, wherein The arranged bed is removed after the rainwater collecting container is laid, the laser pen is turned off, or the laser pen is removed or the entire arranged bed is removed; the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the seat corner connector downward through equal-height vertical rods in a loose joint mode, and the seat corner connector is fixedly connected with the bottom frame of the edge frame in a convenient dismounting mode; or the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the corner connector seat downward through equal-height vertical rods in a fixed joint mode.

5. The method for rating the intensity and uniformity of rainfall of an artificial rainfall system according to claim 1, wherein The arranged bed is reserved after the rainwater collecting container is laid, and the arranged bed after the rainwater collecting container is laid is reserved as it is after artificial rainfall, the displacement and inclination of the rainwater collecting container are judged according to the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser line to correct the rate; the edge frame is provided with a laser pen clamp seat, the laser pen clamp seat is upwardly clamped with the laser pen and downwardly clamped with the edge frame; or the edge frame is provided with a laser pen clamp seat, the laser pen clamp seat is downwardly clamped with the edge frame, and the laser pen clamp seat is upwardly fixedly connected with the laser pen clamp seat through a manually locked universal hinge mechanism.

6. A system for implementing the rate calibration artificial simulated rainfall system and rainfall intensity and uniformity method of claim 1, comprising an arranged bed and a raindrop splash-proof blanket for laying a rainwater collecting container, and after the laying, the arranged bed is removed or reserved without touching the rainwater collecting container to simulate artificial rainfall; the arranged bed is composed of four edge frames with scale marks and four frame corner connectors to form a rectangular bed frame, and the raindrop splash-proof blanket is laid on the ground in the rectangular bed frame; the edge frames are respectively arranged with raindrop measuring point longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens at equal intervals according to the scale marks, the rainwater collecting container is arranged on the raindrop splash-proof blanket of the raindrop measuring point, the laser line emitted by the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens is used for laser line marking of the rainwater collecting container, and one rainwater collecting container is arranged at each raindrop measuring point in the laser line emitted by the longitudinal and transverse grid control laser pens; an iron plate is laid under the raindrop splash-proof blanket, the rainwater collecting container is a cylinder with a permanent magnet attracted to the iron plate, and the height of the rainwater collecting container is greater than twice the height of the edge frame.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein The frame is connected with the frame corner connector at both ends in a detachable manner, and the frame is a folding frame or a multi-section frame.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein The frame corner connector is fixedly connected with the multi-section frame end through a blind hole, and the multi-section frame is composed of at least two pipe sections, a plug protruding from one end of one section is inserted into the inner wall of the other section, and a locking pin is arranged to fix the insertion.

9. The system of claim 6, wherein The laser pen is removed or the entire layout bed is removed after the rainwater collecting container is laid out; the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the seat corner connector through equal-height vertical rods in a detachable manner, and the seat corner connector is fixedly connected with the bottom frame opposite to the frame in a detachable manner; or the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the seat corner connector through equal-height vertical rods in a fixed manner.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein The laser pen is removed or the entire layout bed is removed after the rainwater collecting container is laid out; the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the seat corner connector through equal-height vertical rods in a detachable manner, and the seat corner connector is fixedly connected with the bottom frame opposite to the frame in a detachable manner; or the four frame corner connectors are respectively connected with the seat corner connector through equal-height vertical rods in a fixed manner.

Images