Signal processing method and network device

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application provide a signal processing method and network device for reducing the generation of active echoes. In the method of the embodiment of the present application, the network device first obtains a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in an antenna system, and determines m virtual user directions based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, i.e., the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo. Then, based on the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, a target beam is formed, whose zero point is aligned with the m virtual user directions, thereby reducing the generation of active echoes, eliminating the need for a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, and allowing the antenna system to be further integrated, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a signal processing method and network equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the development of fifth-generation mobile networks (5G), the number of antennas within a single base station for massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) (MM) has increased significantly, reaching 64, 128, and even 256. To accommodate this large number of antennas in network equipment, further antenna integration is required. However, the circulators used to eliminate active echoes in antenna systems occupy a large amount of circuit board area and volume, hindering further antenna integration.

[0003] Active echo refers to the signal being fed back into the power amplifier (PA) when a network device transmits signals toward a real user. This occurs due to insufficient isolation between antennas, resulting in mutual coupling. Without a circulator, the received active echo would impact the PA, causing a loss of PA efficiency.

[0004] Currently, active echo can be offset by converting the PA circuit to a balanced circuit. For example, the two PAs in the Doherty (DHT) system can be converted to four PAs. However, this conversion to a balanced circuit doubles the number of PAs, which in turn doubles the area and cost of the antenna system, hindering further antenna integration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a signal processing method and a network device for reducing the generation of active echo.

[0006] The first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a signal processing method, in which the network device first obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system, wherein the antenna system includes k antennas. It should be noted that the echo (including active echo and passive echo) refers to the signal fed back to the PA of a certain channel when the network device transmits a signal due to insufficient isolation between adjacent antennas and mutual coupling. The difference is that the passive echo refers to the signal fed back when each antenna in the network device sends a signal with the same amplitude and the same phase. The scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a property of each antenna system in the network device, which exists when it is unloaded and does not change with the user device or signal environment being served. The active echo refers to the signal fed back when the network device sends a signal whose amplitude and phase are determined according to the location and needs of the user device being served. The active echo changes with the change of the location and needs of the user device.

[0007] The network device then determines the m directions with the highest total signal strength as m virtual user directions based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo. Then, when a target beam is formed with its zero point aligned with the m virtual user directions, even if the network device sends forward signals with different amplitudes and phases, the energy of the active echo fed back will be greatly reduced. In this case, a circulator is not required in the antenna system of the network device. Therefore, the circulator can be removed to reduce the volume of the antenna system, allowing the antenna system to be further integrated.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect, in the first implementation method of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo can be expressed as a k×k order matrix G, where the value of the i-th row and j-th column of the matrix G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength ratio between the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna and the signal transmitted by the i-th column antenna, thereby obtaining the signal strength of each antenna in each direction of the passive echo.

[0009] Specifically, the signal strength of the passive echo received by the antenna is recorded as l i,j , l i,j It is equal to the signal strength of the passive echo generated by the signal sent by the jth antenna and received by the i-th antenna.

[0010] Let k be the number of antennas in the network device, and the k×k-order matrix L of the signal strength of the passive echo received by each antenna is:

[0011]

[0012] After the matrix L of the passive echo signal strength is determined, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo can be calculated based on the matrix L. Specifically, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is the matrix G, where the value of the i-th row and j-th column of G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the intensity L of the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna i,j The signal strength s of the transmitted signal from the i-th antenna i The ratio of , that is:

[0013] g(i,j)=l i,j / s i

[0014] Finally, we get the matrix G:

[0015]

[0016] In some feasible embodiments, the obtained g(i,j) may also be expressed in the form of a complex number, that is:

[0017] g(i,j)=A i,j *e jφi,j

[0018] A i,j *e jφi,j A in i,j is the amplitude, φ i,j It's the phase.

[0019] In combination with the first implementation method of the first aspect, in the second implementation method of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the network device can use a preset algorithm to reduce the dimension of the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, and the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1,…, v(m-1), which are used to represent m virtual user directions respectively, thereby obtaining expressions for the m virtual user directions.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present application, since the matrix G is the scattering parameter matrix of each antenna in the antenna system, representing the signal strength of each antenna with respect to the passive echo, and the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, if the remaining km directions are ignored, then any row Gr in the matrix G can be approximated by a linear combination of v0, v1, ..., v(m-1):

[0021] Gr≈q0×v0+q1×v1+q2×v2+…+q(m-1)×v(m-1)

[0022] Among them, q0, q1,…, q(m-1) are all constants.

[0023] In combination with the second implementation of the first aspect, in the third implementation of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the preset algorithm can be: the network device performs singular value decomposition on the matrix G to obtain U*S*V H , take V H The first m row vectors are used as matrix V. Among them, U is an m×m unitary matrix, S is a semi-positive m×k diagonal matrix, and V H is a k×k unitary matrix. Any of the obtained v0, v1, …, v(m-1) is a vector representing a spatial direction, with both length and direction. Its direction is used to represent the virtual user direction, and its length is used to represent the signal strength of the passive echo.

[0024] The primary statistical application of singular value decomposition is principal component analysis (PCA). PCA, as a data analysis method, is used to identify patterns within large amounts of data. It can be used in pattern recognition and data compression, mapping a dataset into a lower-dimensional space. The eigenvalues ​​of a dataset are arranged according to their importance. Dimensionality reduction involves discarding unimportant eigenvectors, leaving the space composed of the remaining eigenvectors as the reduced space.

[0025] In combination with the second implementation manner and the third implementation manner of the first aspect, in the fourth implementation manner of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the network device may determine the matrix H of the target spatial channel based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions, where: Hr is an m×k-order matrix used to represent the spatial channels in the directions of n real users. A target beam is formed based on the matrix H, so that the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the directions of m virtual users. This reduces the generation of active echoes while hardly affecting service requirements.

[0026] In some feasible embodiments, a special case of the obtained v0, v1, v2, …, v(m-1) is the orthogonal basis vector of the matrix G. Let the n×k matrix Hr be the original spatial channel matrix, where n is a positive integer less than k. That is, of the k dimensions, n dimensions are used to serve business needs. Then, m dimensions can be selected from the remaining kn dimensions as virtual user directions. It can be seen that m is less than or equal to kn. For example, if k is 64 and n is 40, that is, 40 dimensions are used to serve business needs, and of the remaining 24 dimensions, m (m<=24) dimensions can be selected as virtual user directions.

[0027] In combination with the first aspect, the first implementation method of the first aspect, the second implementation method, the third implementation method, and the fourth implementation method, in the fifth implementation method of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the network device determines the target frequency band according to business requirements, and the target frequency band is one of the multiple frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method. The network device obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system formed under the target frequency band to adapt to the frequency response characteristics of the passive echo, that is, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is different at different frequencies.

[0028] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a network device, including an antenna system and a processor. The antenna system can be used to transmit and receive signals. The processor can be used to obtain a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in the antenna system, wherein the antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer. m virtual user directions are determined based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, where the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer. A target beam is formed based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions, where the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k, thereby reducing the generation of active echoes, eliminating the need for a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, and reducing the volume of the antenna system, allowing the antenna system to be further integrated.

[0029] In combination with the second aspect, in the first implementation method of the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo can be expressed as a k×k order matrix G, where the value of the i-th row and j-th column of the matrix G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength ratio between the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna and the signal transmitted by the i-th column antenna, thereby obtaining the signal strength of each antenna in each direction of the passive echo.

[0030] Specifically, the signal strength of the passive echo received by the antenna is recorded as l i,j , l i,j It is equal to the signal strength of the passive echo generated by the signal sent by the jth antenna and received by the i-th antenna.

[0031] Let k be the number of antennas in the network device, and the k×k-order matrix L of the signal strength of the passive echo received by each antenna is:

[0032]

[0033] After the matrix L of the passive echo signal strength is determined, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo can be calculated based on the matrix L. Specifically, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is the matrix G, where the value of the i-th row and j-th column of G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the intensity L of the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna i,j The signal strength s of the transmitted signal from the i-th antenna i The ratio of , that is:

[0034] g(i,j)=l i,j / s i

[0035] Finally, we get the matrix G:

[0036]

[0037] In some feasible embodiments, the obtained g(i,j) may also be expressed in the form of a complex number, that is:

[0038] g(i,j)=A i,j *e jφi,j

[0039] A i,j *e jφi,j A in i,j is the amplitude, φ i,j It's the phase.

[0040] In combination with the first implementation method of the second aspect, in the second implementation method of the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the processor is specifically used to use a preset algorithm to perform dimensionality reduction processing on the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, and the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1,…, v(m-1), which are used to represent m virtual user directions respectively, thereby obtaining expressions for the m virtual user directions.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, since the matrix G is the scattering parameter matrix of each antenna in the antenna system, representing the signal strength of each antenna with respect to the passive echo, and the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, if the remaining km directions are ignored, then any row Gr in the matrix G can be approximated by a linear combination of v0, v1, ..., v(m-1):

[0042] Gr≈q0×v0+q1×v1+q2×v2+…+q(m-1)×v(m-1)

[0043] Among them, q0, q1,…, q(m-1) are all constants.

[0044] In combination with the second implementation of the second aspect, in the third implementation of the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the processor is further configured to perform singular value decomposition on the matrix G to obtain U*S*V H , take V H The first m row vectors are used as matrix V. Among them, U is an m×m unitary matrix, S is a semi-positive m×k diagonal matrix, and V H is a k×k unitary matrix. Any of the obtained v0, v1, …, v(m-1) is a vector representing a spatial direction, with both length and direction. Its direction is used to represent the virtual user direction, and its length is used to represent the signal strength of the passive echo.

[0045] The primary statistical application of singular value decomposition is principal component analysis (PCA). PCA, as a data analysis method, is used to identify patterns within large amounts of data. It can be used in pattern recognition and data compression, mapping a dataset into a lower-dimensional space. The eigenvalues ​​of a dataset are arranged according to their importance. Dimensionality reduction involves discarding unimportant eigenvectors, leaving the space composed of the remaining eigenvectors as the reduced space.

[0046] In combination with the second implementation manner and the third implementation manner of the second aspect, in the fourth implementation manner of the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the processor is further configured to determine the matrix H of the target spatial channel according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein: Hr is an m×k-order matrix used to represent the spatial channels in the directions of n real users. A target beam is formed based on the matrix H, so that the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the directions of m virtual users. This reduces the generation of active echoes while hardly affecting service requirements.

[0047] In some feasible embodiments, a special case of the obtained v0, v1, v2, …, v(m-1) is the orthogonal basis vector of the matrix G. Let the n×k matrix Hr be the original spatial channel matrix, where n is a positive integer less than k. That is, of the k dimensions, n dimensions are used to serve business needs. Then, m dimensions can be selected from the remaining kn dimensions as virtual user directions. It can be seen that m is less than or equal to kn. For example, if k is 64 and n is 40, that is, 40 dimensions are used to serve business needs, and of the remaining 24 dimensions, m (m<=24) dimensions can be selected as virtual user directions.

[0048] In combination with the second aspect, the first implementation method of the second aspect, the second implementation method, the third implementation method, and the fourth implementation method, in the fifth implementation method of the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, the processor is also used to determine the target frequency band according to business requirements, and the target frequency band is one of the multiple frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method. The network device obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system formed under the target frequency band to adapt to the frequency response characteristics of the passive echo, that is, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is different at different frequencies.

[0049] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a network device, including an antenna system and a processor. The antenna system is used to transmit and receive signals, and the processor is used to obtain a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in the antenna system. The antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer, and m virtual user directions are determined based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo. The m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer. A target beam is formed based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions. The zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k. This reduces the generation of active echoes, eliminates the need for a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, reduces the volume of the antenna system, and allows for further integration of the antenna system.

[0050] In some feasible embodiments, the antenna system includes an antenna, a filter, a first coupler, a second coupler, a power amplifier (PA), a coupler switch, and a radio transceiver. The first coupler and the second coupler are arranged side by side in front of the PA in the direction of antenna transmission. The first coupler is connected to the PA, the second coupler is connected to the first coupler, and the coupler switch is connected to the radio transceiver. When the antenna transmits a forward signal, the coupler switch is turned toward the first coupler, so that the forward signal output by the PA is received by the radio transceiver. Due to insufficient isolation of the switch, a pure passive echo cannot be coupled. Therefore, in some feasible embodiments, the time interval between the transmission of the forward signal can be increased to completely stagger the transmission of the forward signal and the reception of the passive echo, thereby obtaining a pure passive echo. The passive echo and the forward signal are then aligned, and the scattering parameter matrix G of the echo is calculated based on a least squares group of frequency domain groups.

[0051] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the methods described in the above aspects.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system and determines the virtual user direction based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo. When forming a target beam according to the real user position, the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the virtual user direction, thereby reducing the generation of active echoes, eliminating the need for a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, and allowing the antenna system to be further integrated, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1-1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a communication system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 1-2 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a formed service beam;

[0055] Figure 1-3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of forming multiple narrow beams;

[0056] Figure 1-4 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna system provided with a circulator;

[0057] Figure 1-5 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of Doherty's PA;

[0058] Figure 1-6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of Doherty's PA;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a signal processing method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 3-1 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a signal processing method in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 3-2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the zero point in the embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 3-3 The horizontal pattern and vertical pattern of the service beam in the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 3-4 The horizontal pattern and vertical pattern of the target beam in the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 3-5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the integration of multiple antennas in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 5-1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a network device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 5-2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna system;

[0068] Figure 5-3 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of integrating multiple antennas in a network device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] Embodiments of the present application provide a signal processing method and a network device for reducing the generation of active echo.

[0070] It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or apparatus.

[0071] This application can be applied to Figure 1-1 In the illustrated communication system 100 , the communication system 100 includes a network device 110 and a plurality of user equipments (UEs) 120 .

[0072] The network device 110 can be an evolved base station (e-nodeB) macro base station, micro base station (also known as "small base station"), pico base station, access point (AP), transmission point (TP) or new generation node b (gNodeB) in an LTE system, an NR system or an authorized auxiliary access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) system.

[0073] UE 120 can be a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal, a smart terminal, etc., and the UE 120 can communicate with one or more core networks via the network device 110. For example, the UE 120 can be a mobile phone (or called a "cellular" phone), a computer with a mobile terminal, etc. The UE 120 can also be a portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-built-in or vehicle-mounted mobile device and a UE 120 in a future NR network, which exchanges voice or data with the network device 110. In this application, the UE 120 may also include a relay device, and any device that can communicate data with a base station can be regarded as a UE 120. In this application, the UE 120 will be introduced in a general sense. In some feasible implementations, the UE 120 may also be a vehicle in a vehicle to infrastructure / vehicle / pedestrian (V2X) system.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, network device 110 may apply MM technology. It should be noted that multiple input multiple output (MIMO) uses multiple antennas (e.g., 2 / 4 / 8 antennas) at both the transmitting and receiving ends to form multiple channels between the transmitter and receiver. MM technology, on the other hand, builds on MIMO by using a large number of antennas (e.g., 64 / 128 / 256) to serve a relatively small number of users, significantly improving spectrum efficiency.

[0075] Specifically, the network device can perform beamforming according to service requirements to form a service beam, for example, Figure 1-2 The service beam shown in FIG. 1 has its main lobe aimed at the target user equipment so that the target user equipment can use the wireless network service provided by the network equipment. Through MIMO technology or MM technology, the network equipment can form Figure 1-3 Multiple narrow beams are shown to serve multiple user equipments simultaneously.

[0076] It's important to note that MIMO technology fully utilizes spatial resources, using adaptive array antennas to achieve multiple transmission and reception, forming distinct beams in the direction of different users. This can exponentially increase system channel capacity without increasing spectrum or time slot resources. For example, the MIMO technology used in the fourth-generation mobile communication technology (4G) network utilizes eight antennas. MM technology, building on MIMO technology, deploys a larger number of antennas, such as 64, 128, or 256, on network equipment, significantly increasing the number of antenna channels and representing a multi-antenna configuration with even larger antenna arrays.

[0077] Through MM technology, network equipment forms multiple narrow beams, concentrating radiation in a smaller spatial area, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the RF transmission link between the base station and user equipment and reducing the loss of base station transmission power. Moreover, since the number of user equipment served simultaneously is generally far less than the number of base station antennas, the network equipment's ability to simultaneously receive and transmit multiple different signals is enhanced, greatly improving frequency utilization.

[0078] After the network device 110 using MIMO technology or MM technology transmits a signal, active echo will be generated, which will cause the loss of PA efficiency. In order to offset the active echo, a circulator (such as Figure 1-4Generally, an antenna system also includes an antenna, a band-pass filter (BPF), a PA, a low-noise amplifier (LNA), an uplink path, pre-distortion (PD) feedback, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). These are all common components in an antenna system and will not be described in detail here. However, for antenna systems with a large number of antennas using MM technology, the circulator occupies a large circuit board area and volume, making further integration of the antenna system impossible.

[0079] Currently, the active echo can be offset by converting the PA circuit into a balanced circuit. For example, converting two PAs (such as Figure 1-5 ) into 2 Doherty (DHT1 and DHT2) 4 PA (such as Figure 1-6 ), where the two PAs in a single DHT are combined through a combiner. However, converting to a balanced circuit doubles the number of PAs, doubling the area and volume of the antenna system, hindering further antenna integration.

[0080] Currently, linearity can be improved by improving the digital pre-distortion (DPD) algorithm to offset active echo. Specifically, the PA distortion model can be written as:

[0081] y=f(x,z)

[0082] Where x is the forward signal and z represents the active echo received by all antennas. Then, the PA model subjected to standing wave impact can be constructed to obtain:

[0083] y=F(x0,x1,…x(k-1))

[0084] Where k is the number of antennas, the DPD algorithm can be modeled as its inverse model:

[0085] y=invF(x0,x1,…x(k-1))

[0086] Here, y is the feedback signal from the DPD algorithm, invF() represents the inverse function of F(), and x0, x1, …, x(k-1) represent the forward signals for each antenna. However, this increases complexity exponentially, and the DPD algorithm processing for all antennas must be performed on a single chip, making it impractical in engineering. Furthermore, the DPD algorithm theoretically only addresses the nonlinearity between antenna powers and cannot solve other issues such as PA efficiency and saturation power reduction.

[0087] To this end, this application provides a signal processing method, please refer to Figure 2 , the method comprising:

[0088] 201. A network device obtains a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in an antenna system, where the antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer.

[0089] 202. The network device determines m virtual user directions according to the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, where the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, and m is a positive integer.

[0090] 203. The network device forms a target beam according to n real user directions and m virtual user directions. The zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system, determines m virtual user directions based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, and finally forms a target beam whose zero point is aligned with the virtual user direction based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions, thereby reducing the generation of active echoes and making it unnecessary to use a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna system and allowing the antenna system to be further integrated.

[0092] Specifically, the signal processing method provided by this application is described in Figure 3-1 , the method comprising:

[0093] 301. The network device determines a target frequency band according to service requirements. The target frequency band is one of multiple frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method.

[0094] Because passive echoes have frequency response characteristics, the scattering parameter matrices of passive echoes are different at different frequencies. Therefore, in some possible implementations, the full frequency band can be divided into multiple frequency bands according to a preset frequency band division method, and then the passive echo in each frequency band is measured to obtain different scattering parameter matrices. For example, if the frequency band supported by the antenna is 824-896 (unit: MHz), that is, the width of the full frequency band is 896-824=72 MHz, then the preset frequency band division method can be: every 8 MHz is a frequency band, and the full frequency band is divided into 72 / 8=9 frequency bands. In an embodiment of the present application, the network device first determines a target frequency band based on the user equipment. The target frequency band is one of multiple frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method. For example, if the frequency band used by the user equipment is 825 MHz, then the selected target frequency band is 824-832 MHz. Then, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo formed under the target frequency band is obtained, and then the passive echo under the target frequency band is measured.

[0095] 302. The network device obtains a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in the antenna system formed in a target frequency band.

[0096] It should be noted that echo (including active echo and passive echo) refers to the signal fed back to the PA of a certain channel when the network device transmits a signal and mutual coupling occurs due to insufficient isolation between adjacent antennas. The difference is that passive echo refers to the signal fed back when each antenna in the network device sends a signal with the same amplitude and phase. The scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a property of each antenna system in the network device. It exists when it is unloaded and does not change with the user device being served or the signal environment. Active echo refers to the signal fed back when the network device sends a signal with an amplitude and phase determined by the location and needs of the user device being served, and it changes with the location and needs of the user device being served.

[0097] It should be noted that the passive echo received by the antenna includes the signal generated by the antenna itself and the signal generated by mutual coupling of the signals transmitted by other antennas. In the embodiment of the present application, the signal strength of the passive echo received by the antenna is recorded as l i,j , l i,j = is equal to the signal strength of the passive echo generated by the signal sent by the jth antenna and received by the ith antenna. Then the matrix L of the signal strength of the passive echo received by each antenna can be obtained:

[0098]

[0099] The matrix L is a k×k matrix, and k is the number of antennas in the network device.

[0100] After the matrix L of the passive echo signal strength is determined, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo can be calculated based on the matrix L. Specifically, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a k×k order matrix G, where the value of the i-th row and j-th column of G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength L of the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna i,j The signal strength s of the transmitted signal from the i-th antenna i The ratio of , that is:

[0101] g(i,j)=l i,j / s i

[0102] Finally, we get the matrix G:

[0103]

[0104] For example, assuming that the network device has 64 antennas, that is, k = 64, then the passive echo parameters obtained are a 64×64-order matrix G:

[0105]

[0106] Then, the signal strength of the passive echo generated by the transmitted signal received by the 0th antenna is l 0,0 , the strength of the transmitted signal of the 0th antenna is s0, that is:

[0107] g(0,0)=l 0,0 / s0

[0108] The signal strength of the passive echo generated by the transmission signal of the k-1th antenna received by the 0th antenna is l 0,k-1 , the strength of the transmitted signal of the 0th antenna is S0, that is:

[0109] g(0,k-1)=l 0,k-1 / s0

[0110] In some feasible embodiments, the obtained g(i,j) may also be expressed in the form of a complex number, that is:

[0111]

[0112] A i,j *e jφi,j A in i,j is the amplitude, φ i,j It's the phase.

[0113] It should be noted that the network device can intentionally send a signal to test the passive echo to obtain the scattered signal of the passive echo, or it can be tested in the service beam sent according to actual service needs, which is not limited here.

[0114] 303. The network device determines m virtual user directions according to the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, where the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, and m is a positive integer.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, the m virtual user directions are the m directions in which the total signal strength of the passive echo is the highest. Specifically, assuming that a user device is in one of the m virtual user directions, when the network device transmits a signal in this virtual user direction, the network device will receive a signal with a signal strength equivalent to that of the passive echo.

[0116] Specifically, after obtaining the scattering parameter matrix (matrix G) of the passive echo obtained by the network device, a preset algorithm can be used to reduce the dimension of the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, where m is the number of virtual user directions and m is less than k. The row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1, …, v(m-1), respectively, and are used to represent m virtual user directions. The matrix V can then be expressed as:

[0117]

[0118] For example, the preset algorithm may be singular value decomposition (SVD). Specifically, the matrix G is subjected to SVD to obtain the matrix G = U*S*R H , where matrix U is a unitary matrix of order m×m, and matrix R H is a k×k unitary matrix, and the matrix S is a semi-positive m×k diagonal matrix, and the matrix S is the singular value of the matrix G:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, s0, s1,…, s(k-1) are arranged from large to small.

[0121] Thus, we get R H for:

[0122]

[0123] It should be noted that the obtained R H The direction from the 0th row vector to the k-1th row vector is the order of the total signal strength from high to low, then take R H The first m row vectors form a new matrix V, which means we get the m directions with the highest total signal strength:

[0124]

[0125] That is, Vi=(r i0 r i1 …r i(k-1) ), where i is equal to 0, 1, 2, …, m-1, and the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1, …, v(m-1), which are used to represent the directions of m virtual users, that is:

[0126]

[0127] It should be noted that any one of v0, v1, ..., v(m-1) is a vector representing a spatial direction, having both length and direction. Its direction is used to represent the virtual user direction, and its length is used to represent the signal strength of the passive echo.

[0128] It's important to note that the primary statistical application of singular value decomposition is principal component analysis (PCA). PCA, as a data analysis method, is used to identify patterns within large amounts of data. It can be used in pattern recognition and data compression, mapping a dataset into a lower-dimensional space. The eigenvalues ​​of a dataset are arranged according to their importance. Dimensionality reduction involves discarding unimportant eigenvectors, leaving the space composed of the remaining eigenvectors as the reduced space.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, since the matrix G is the scattering parameter matrix of each antenna in the antenna system, representing the signal strength of each antenna with respect to the passive echo, and the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, if the remaining km directions are ignored, then any row Gr in the matrix G can be approximated by a linear combination of the m virtual user directions v0, v1, ..., v(m-1):

[0130] Gr≈q0×v0+q1×v1+q2×v2+…+q(m-1)×v(m-1)

[0131] Among them, q0, q1,…, q(m-1) are all constants.

[0132] It should be noted that the number of virtual user directions can be determined by personnel or by the program. For example, a network device with 64 antennas can form a maximum of 64 dimensions, meaning it can transmit signals in 64 different directions using the same time-frequency resource. However, a cell often does not have that many user devices. Suppose, at a certain moment, only 40 dimensions are needed to meet user needs. In this case, personnel can use the remaining 24 dimensions as virtual user directions. Even if 40 dimensions are used to meet service needs, m (m <= 24) dimensions can be selected from the remaining 24 dimensions as virtual user directions. If using a program, first determine a preset value: the signal strength of the active echo to be offset, such as 6dB. The program can then use the first few directions as virtual user directions and run a simulation to determine the signal strength offset compared to when no virtual user directions are used. If the offset is less than 6dB, increase the number of virtual user directions. If it exceeds 6dB, reduce the number of virtual user directions until an appropriate number is determined.

[0133] For example, assuming that the number of antennas of the network device is 64, that is, k=64, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is obtained as follows:

[0134]

[0135] Assuming there are 8 virtual user directions, that is, m = 8, the matrix G can be reduced to an 8×64 matrix V:

[0136]

[0137] Among them, v0, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, and v7 are matrices of order 1×64 respectively.

[0138] It should be noted that v0, v1, v2, …, v(m-1) represent m dimensions of the maximum k-dimensional space formed by the network device through k antennas. The remaining dimensions are used to serve actual business needs. It should be noted that the obtained v0, v1, …, v(m-1) are not the only virtual user direction solutions. Depending on the dimensionality reduction algorithm of the matrix G, different matrices V can be obtained, and thus different virtual user directions can be obtained. It should be noted that the value of m can be set manually or determined by the matrix G and is not limited here.

[0139] It should be noted that a special case of the obtained v0, v1, …, v(m-1) is the orthogonal basis vectors of the matrix G. Therefore, let the n×k matrix Hr be the original spatial channel matrix, where n is a positive integer less than k. This means that n of the k dimensions are used to serve service needs. Therefore, m dimensions can be selected from the remaining kn dimensions as virtual user directions. Therefore, m is less than or equal to kn. For example, if k is 64 and n is 40, 40 dimensions are used to serve service needs, and 8 of the remaining 24 dimensions are selected as virtual user directions.

[0140] 304. The network device forms a target beam according to n real user directions and m virtual user directions. The zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k.

[0141] In the embodiment of the present application, the zero point refers to the intersection of two adjacent lobes in a beam. Figure 3-2 The zero point shown is the intersection of the main lobe and the side lobe of the target beam. The radiation signal formed by the antenna system at this intersection is weak.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, after determining the matrix V representing the directions of m virtual users, a new spatial channel matrix H of order (m+n)×k can be obtained:

[0143]

[0144] The matrix Hr represents the directions of the n user devices served by the network device. When these user devices move, the matrix Hr is updated, and thus the matrix H is also updated. Furthermore, if a direction in the matrix Hr is strongly correlated with a direction in the matrix V during user device movement, a new direction can be used to replace the old one, thereby updating the matrix Hr. The network device can then perform beamforming based on both the real and virtual user directions, beamforming the served user devices according to the matrix H to obtain the target beam.

[0145] It should be noted that if a beam is formed with its zero point aligned with the direction of the virtual user, that is, the energy of the transmitted signal in the directions of v0, v1, v2, ..., v(m-1) is reduced, then even if the network device sends forward signals with different amplitudes and phases, the energy of the active echo fed back will also be reduced.

[0146] Compared with the beam formed without using the virtual user direction, the shaping weight is equivalent to adjusting the phase and / or amplitude of the beam so that the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the virtual user direction. Figure 3-3The horizontal pattern and vertical pattern shown in the figure represent the service beams formed by the network device based only on the real user direction and not on the virtual user direction. Assuming that the virtual user direction is 30° horizontally and 82° vertically, the network device can form the following service beams: Figure 3-4 The target beam shown, with Figure 3-3 Compared with the case of , the phase and / or amplitude of the target beam is adjusted, the horizontal beam pointing of the specific service beam is offset by 2°, and the main lobe energy is reduced by 0.5dB, so that the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the direction of m virtual users while the impact on service demand is negligible, thereby effectively reducing the active echo and achieving the following: Figure 3-5 The effect shown in FIG. Ultimately, the antenna system does not require a circulator, thereby reducing the size of the antenna system and allowing the antenna system to be further integrated.

[0147] The above describes the method embodiment provided by the present application, and the following describes the specific device provided by the present application.

[0148] refer to Figure 4 The embodiment of the present application further provides a network device 400, including an antenna system 410 and a processor 420, wherein the antenna system 410 includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer, for transmitting and receiving signals. The processor 420 is configured to obtain a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in the antenna system 410, and determine m virtual user directions based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, where the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer. Finally, based on the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, a target beam is formed, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k, with its zero point aligned with the m virtual user directions. This reduces the generation of active echoes, eliminates the need for a circulator in the antenna system of the network device, reduces the volume of the antenna system, and enables further integration of the antenna system.

[0149] Among them, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a k×k order matrix G, and the value of the i-th row and j-th column of the matrix G is g(i,j). g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength ratio between the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna and the signal transmitted by the i-th column antenna, which represents the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo.

[0150] In some possible implementations, the processor 420 is specifically used to: use a preset algorithm to reduce the dimension of the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, where the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1,…, v(m-1), respectively, which are used to represent m virtual user directions, so as to obtain m virtual user directions.

[0151] In some possible implementations, the preset algorithm may be to perform singular value decomposition on the matrix G to obtain U*S*V H , take V H The first m row vectors are used as the matrix V, where U is an m×m unitary matrix, S is a semi-positive m×k diagonal matrix, and V H It is a k×k unitary matrix. Any one of the row vectors v0, v1,…, v(m-1) in V is a vector representing a spatial direction. It has both length and direction. Its direction is used to represent the direction of the virtual user, and its length is used to represent the signal strength of the passive echo.

[0152] In some possible implementations, the processor 420 is specifically configured to determine a matrix H of a target spatial channel according to n real user directions and m virtual user directions, where: Hr is an m×k-order matrix used to represent the spatial channels in the directions of n real users, and the target beam is formed according to the matrix H, which reduces the generation of active echoes while hardly affecting service requirements.

[0153] The processor 420 is also specifically used to determine the target frequency band according to business needs. The target frequency band is one of the multiple frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method, and obtain the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system formed under the target frequency band to adapt to the frequency response characteristics of the passive echo, that is, the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is different at different frequencies.

[0154] like Figure 5-1 , an embodiment of the present application further provides a network device 500 , including an antenna system 510 and a processor 520 .

[0155] The antenna system 510 is used to transmit and receive signals.

[0156] Processor 520 is used to obtain a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in an antenna system, where the antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer. m virtual user directions are determined based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, where the virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer. A target beam is formed based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions, where the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k. This reduces the generation of active echoes, eliminates the need for a circulator in the antenna system of the network device, reduces the volume of the antenna system, and allows for further integration of the antenna system.

[0157] In some possible implementations, such as Figure 5-2As shown, antenna system 510 further includes an antenna 511, a filter 512, a first coupler 513-1, a second coupler 513-2, a PA 514, a coupler switch 515, and a radio transceiver 516. In some feasible embodiments, antenna system 510 may further include an LNA.

[0158] The first coupler 513 - 1 and the second coupler 513 - 2 are sequentially arranged side by side in front of the PA 514 in the direction of antenna transmission. The first coupler 513 - 1 is connected to the PA 514 , and the second coupler 513 - 2 is connected to the first coupler 513 - 1 .

[0159] The coupler switch 515 is connected to the radio transceiver 516 and is used to connect to the second coupler 513-2 when the antenna 511 receives a signal.

[0160] It should be noted that a single coupler is used in a commonly used antenna, which is equivalent to Figure 5-2 The first coupler 513-1 is used to perform DPD correction on the forward signal. In the embodiment of the present application, an additional coupler is added to form a dual-coupler combination, namely the first coupler 513-1 and the second coupler 513-2.

[0161] When antenna 510 receives a passive echo, coupler switch 515 is switched to second coupler 513-2, directing the signal received by antenna 510 through coupler switch 515 to radio transceiver 516. When antenna 510 transmits a forward signal, coupler switch 515 is switched to first coupler 513-1, allowing the forward signal output by PA 514 to be received by radio transceiver 516. Because coupler switch 515 lacks sufficient isolation to couple a pure passive echo, in some feasible embodiments, the time interval between two forward signal transmissions can be increased to completely stagger the time between forward signal transmission and passive echo reception, thereby obtaining a pure passive echo. The passive echo and forward signal are then aligned, and the echo scattering parameter matrix G is calculated using a frequency-domain grouped least squares method.

[0162] In an embodiment of the present application, the network device obtains the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system, determines m virtual user directions based on the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, and finally forms a target beam whose zero point is aligned with the virtual user direction based on n real user directions and m virtual user directions, thereby reducing the generation of active echoes and making it unnecessary to use a circulator in the antenna system in the network device, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna system and allowing the antenna system to be further integrated.

[0163] From Figure 1-2 The structure is integrated into Figure 5-3The structure shown reduces the size of antenna system 510, allowing for further integration of the antenna system. For example, multiple PAs 514 can be integrated into a multi-channel front-end module (FEM) integrated chip and a multi-channel integrated radio on chip (ROC), or the PA 514 and subsequent filter 512 can be integrated.

[0164] It should be noted that antenna 510 is a converter, a component in radio equipment used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. It converts guided waves propagating on a transmission line into electromagnetic waves propagating in an unbounded medium (typically free space), or vice versa. When transmitting, antenna 510 converts high-frequency current into electromagnetic waves and radiates them into space. When receiving, antenna 510 receives electromagnetic waves from space and converts them into high-frequency current.

[0165] The processor 520 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a CPU, an advanced RISC machine (ARM), a digital signal processor (DSP), or the like, or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof. In the embodiment of the present application, the steps performed by the processor 520 are the same as those in the method embodiment and are not described in detail here.

[0166] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments may be implemented in the form of a computer program product.

[0167] The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present invention is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, software or hardware with similar computer functions, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can store or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid-state drive (SSD)).

[0168] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0169] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0170] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0171] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0172] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0173] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A signal processing method, characterized in that: include: The network device obtains a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in an antenna system, where the antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer; The network device determines m virtual user directions according to the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, wherein the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer; The network device forms a target beam according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein a zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k; The scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a k×k order matrix G, and the value of the i-th row and j-th column of the matrix G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength ratio between the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna and the signal transmitted by the i-th column antenna.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The network device determining m virtual user directions according to the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo includes: The network device uses a preset algorithm to reduce the dimension of the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, where the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1, ..., v(m-1), respectively, for representing m virtual user directions.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The network device uses a preset algorithm to reduce the dimension of the matrix G to obtain an m×k-order matrix V including: The network device performs singular value decomposition on the matrix G to obtain U*S*V H , take V H The first m row vectors are used as the matrix V, where U is an m×m unitary matrix, S is a semi-positive definite m×k diagonal matrix, and V H is a unitary matrix of order k×k.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The network device forms a target beam according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein a zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, comprising: The network device determines a target spatial channel matrix H according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein: Hr is an m×k-order matrix used to represent the spatial channels in the directions of the n real users; The network device forms the target beam according to the matrix H, and the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the directions of the m virtual users.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The network device obtains a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in the antenna system, comprising: The network device determines a target frequency band according to service requirements, where the target frequency band is one of a plurality of frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method; The network device obtains a scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system formed in the target frequency band.

6. A network device, characterized in that: comprising an antenna system and a processor; wherein, The antenna system is used to send and receive signals; The processor is configured to obtain a scattering parameter matrix of a passive echo in an antenna system, wherein the antenna system includes k antennas, where k is a positive integer; The processor is further configured to determine m virtual user directions according to the scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo, wherein the m virtual user directions are the m directions with the highest total signal strength of the passive echo, where m is a positive integer; The processor is further configured to form a target beam according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein a zero point of the target beam is aligned with the m virtual user directions, where n is a positive integer and n+m≤k; The scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo is a k×k order matrix G, and the value of the i-th row and j-th column of the matrix G is g(i,j), and g(i,j) is equal to the signal strength ratio between the passive echo from the j-th column antenna received by the i-th column antenna and the signal transmitted by the i-th column antenna.

7. The network device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The processor is specifically configured to: The matrix G is reduced in dimension using a preset algorithm to obtain an m×k-order matrix V, wherein the row vectors of the matrix V are v0, v1, ..., v(m-1), respectively, for representing m virtual user directions.

8. The network device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The processor is specifically configured to: Perform singular value decomposition on the matrix G to obtain U*S*V H , take V H The first m row vectors are used as the matrix V, where U is an m×m unitary matrix, S is a semi-positive definite m×k diagonal matrix, and V H is a unitary matrix of order k×k.

9. The network device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The processor is specifically configured to: A target spatial channel matrix H is determined according to the n real user directions and the m virtual user directions, wherein: Hr is an m×k-order matrix used to represent the spatial channel matrix of the n real user directions; The target beam is formed according to the matrix H, and the zero point of the target beam is aligned with the directions of the m virtual users.

10. The network device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The processor is specifically configured to: Determining a target frequency band according to business requirements, where the target frequency band is one of a plurality of frequency bands obtained by dividing the full frequency band according to a preset frequency band division method; A scattering parameter matrix of the passive echo in the antenna system formed in the target frequency band is obtained.

11. The network device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The antenna system includes an antenna, a filter, a first coupler, a second coupler, a power amplifier PA, a coupler switch and a radio transceiver; The first coupler and the second coupler are sequentially arranged side by side in front of the PA in the direction of transmission of the antenna, the first coupler is connected to the PA, and the second coupler is connected to the first coupler; The coupler switch is in communication with the radio transceiver and is configured to be in communication with the second coupler when the antenna receives a signal.

12. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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