Method and apparatus for controlling configuration related to sidelink communication in a wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an operation method of a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting the same. As an example of the present disclosure, an operation method of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system may include the following steps: performing communication via a link established between the UE and another UE; sending a first message for requesting to update an identifier of the link; receiving a second message in response to the first message; and reestablishing a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity of the UE based on the update of the identifier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for controlling a configuration associated with a sidelink communication in a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice or data. Generally, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication for multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems.

[0003] Specifically, as a large number of communication devices require large communication capacity, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communication technology is proposed compared to conventional radio access technology (RAT). In addition, not only large-scale machine type communication (large-scale MTC) that provides various services anytime and anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects is proposed, but also a communication system that considers services / user equipment (UE) that are sensitive to reliability and delay is proposed. Various technical configurations are proposed for this purpose. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical issues

[0005] The present disclosure may provide a method and apparatus for effectively controlling a configuration associated with a sidelink communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for changing an identifier associated with a side link for unicast communication in a wireless communication system.

[0007] The present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for reestablishing an entity of a lower layer according to a change of an identifier associated with a side link for unicast communication in a wireless communication system.

[0008] The present disclosure may provide an apparatus and method for managing a context of a link according to a change of an identifier associated with a side link for unicast communication in a wireless communication system.

[0009] The technical objectives to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the above-mentioned technical objectives, and those skilled in the art may consider other technical objectives not mentioned through the embodiments described below.

[0010] Technical Solution

[0011] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system may include the following steps: performing communication through a link established between the UE and another UE; sending a first message for requesting an identifier for updating the link; receiving a second message in response to the first message; and re-establishing a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity of the UE based on the update of the identifier.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a user equipment in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver and at least one processor coupled to the transceiver. The at least one processor may be configured to: perform communication through a link established between the UE and another UE; enable the transceiver to send a first message for requesting to update an identifier of the link; enable the transceiver to receive a second message in response to the first message; and reestablish a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) entity of the UE based on the update of the identifier.

[0013] The above aspects of the present disclosure are only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive and understand various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present disclosure based on the detailed description of the present disclosure provided below.

[0014] Beneficial Effects

[0015] The following effects can be produced by the embodiments based on the present disclosure.

[0016] According to the present disclosure, malicious tracking of side link communications can be prevented.

[0017] The effects obtained in the present disclosure are not limited to the above effects, and those skilled in the art who apply the technical configuration of the present disclosure can clearly deduce and understand other effects not mentioned above from the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure. That is, those skilled in the art can also deduce unexpected effects when implementing the configuration described in the present disclosure from the embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to help understand the present disclosure, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided together with the detailed description. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in the various drawings may be combined with each other to form new embodiments. The reference numerals in the various drawings may refer to structural elements.

[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a device to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an artificial intelligence (AI) server to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0021] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an AI system to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0022] Figure 4 is a diagram showing various reference points.

[0023] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network structure of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0024] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a common architecture of an E-URTAN and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

[0025] Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a user equipment (UE) and an evolved Node B (eNB).

[0026] Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB.

[0027] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a common architecture of a New Radio (NR)-Radio Access Network (RAN).

[0028] Fig.10 is a diagram showing an example of separation of common functions of NG-RAN and 5th Generation Core (5GC).

[0029] Fig.11 is a diagram showing an example of a common architecture of a 5th generation (5G) system.

[0030] Fig.12 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] Fig.13 is a diagram showing another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig.14 is a diagram showing a handheld device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig.15 is a diagram showing an automobile or an autonomous driving automobile applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.16 is a diagram showing an example of a mobility applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig.17 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig.18is a diagram showing an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig.19 is a diagram showing an example of a network node applicable to the present disclosure.

[0038] Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a link identifier update process applicable to the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig.21 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of changing an identifier associated with a side link in a device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0040] Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of re-establishing a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure.

[0041] Fig.23 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of changing an identifier associated with a side link by considering an application time of a new identifier in a device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0042] Fig.24 Detailed Description of the Invention It is a diagram showing an embodiment of a process of controlling a context of a link according to a state of a HARQ process in a device applicable to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments are realized by combining the structural elements and features of the present disclosure in a predetermined manner. Unless specified separately, each structural element or feature should be selectively considered. Each structural element or feature can be implemented without being combined with other structural elements or features. In addition, some structural elements and / or features can be combined with each other to form embodiments of the present disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be changed. Some structural elements or features of an embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced by corresponding structural elements or features of another embodiment.

[0044] In the description of the drawings, processes or steps that make the scope of the present disclosure unnecessarily ambiguous will be omitted, and processes or steps that can be understood by those skilled in the art will be omitted.

[0045] Throughout the specification, when a particular part "includes" or "comprises" a particular component, this indicates that other components are not excluded, but other components may also be included unless specifically described. The terms "unit", "-device" and "module" described in the specification indicate a unit for processing at least one function or operation, which can be implemented by hardware, software and a combination thereof. In addition, "one or an", "a kind of", "the" and similar related words can be used in a sense including both singular and plural expressions, unless in the context of describing this specification (particularly in the context of the following claims) the indication is different from this specification or is obviously inconsistent with the context.

[0046] In this specification, the embodiments of the present disclosure are described by focusing on the relationship between data reception and transmission between a base station and a mobile station. Herein, a base station refers to a terminal node of a network that performs direct communication with a mobile station. In this document, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by an upper node of the base station in some cases.

[0047] That is, in a network composed of a plurality of network nodes including a base station, various operations for communicating with a mobile station may be performed by the base station or a network node other than the base station. Herein, "base station" may be replaced with terms such as "fixed station", "node", "eNode B (eNB)", "gNode B (gNB)", "ng-eNB", "advanced base station (ABS)" or "access point".

[0048] In addition, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, “terminal” may be replaced by terms such as “user equipment (UE)”, “mobile station (MS)”, “subscriber station (SS)”, “mobile subscriber station (MSS)”, “mobile terminal” or “advanced mobile station (AMS)”.

[0049] In addition, the transmitting end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that provides data services or voice services, and the receiving end refers to a fixed and / or mobile node that receives data services or voice services. Therefore, in the case of an uplink, the mobile station can be the transmitting end and the base station can be the receiving end. Similarly, in the case of a downlink, the mobile station can be the receiving end and the base station can be the transmitting end.

[0050] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by standard documents disclosed in at least one of the following radio access systems: IEEE 802 xx system, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system, 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, 3GPP 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) system and 3GPP2 system. Specifically, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be supported by the following documents: 3GPP TS (Technical Specification) 38.211, 3GPP TS 38.212, 3GPP TS 38.213, 3GPP TS 38.321 and 3GPP TS38.331.

[0051] In addition, the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to another radio access system, but are not limited to the above-mentioned system. As an example, they are applicable to a system applied after the 3GPP 5G NR system, and are not limited to a specific system.

[0052] That is, obvious steps and parts not described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be described with reference to the above documents. In addition, all terms disclosed in this document may be interpreted by these standard documents.

[0053] Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 The detailed description disclosed above is intended to describe example embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to show any of the only embodiments in which the technical configuration of the present disclosure can be implemented.

[0054] In addition, specific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided to help understanding of the present disclosure, and these specific terms may be used in any other modified forms without departing from the technical concept of the present disclosure.

[0055] The following technology can be applied to various radio access systems, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc.

[0056] For clarity of explanation, the following description is based on a 3GPP communication system (e.g., LTE, NR, etc.), but the technical concept of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. LTE may refer to the technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx version 8. Specifically, the LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx version 10 may be referred to as LTE-A, and the LTE technology after 3GPP TS 36.xxx version 13 may be referred to as LTE-Apro. 3GPP NR may refer to the technology after TS 38.xxx version 15. 3GPP 6G may refer to the technology after TS version 17 and / or version 18. "xxx" means the specific number of the standard document. LTE / NR / 6G may be collectively referred to as the 3GPP system.

[0057] Background technology, terms and abbreviations used in this disclosure can refer to the contents described in standard documents published before this disclosure. As an example, 36.xxx and 38.xxx standard documents can be referred to.

[0058] 3GPP LTE / LTE-A will be mainly focused on to clarify the following description, but technical features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0059] The terms used in this disclosure are defined as follows.

[0060] -IP Multimedia Subsystem or IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS): Provides a standardized architecture framework for delivering voice or other multimedia services over the Internet Protocol (IP).

[0061] - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS): 3rd generation mobile communication technology based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) developed by 3GPP.

[0062] - Evolved Packet System (EPS): A network system consisting of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) which is an IP-based packet switching core network and access networks such as LTE and UTRAN. EPS is an evolved version of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network.

[0063] -NodeB: A base station of a UMTS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage area is at the scale of a macro cell.

[0064] -eNodeB: The base station of the EPS network. It is installed outdoors and its coverage area is at the scale of a macro cell.

[0065] - Home NodeB: It is installed indoors as a base station of the UMTS network, and its coverage area has a macro cell scale.

[0066] - Home eNodeB: It is installed indoors as a base station of the EPS network, and its coverage has a macro cell scale.

[0067] - User Equipment (UE): UE may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile equipment (ME), a mobile station (MS), etc. UE may be a portable device such as a notebook computer, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, and a multimedia device, or a fixed device such as a personal computer (PC) and a vehicle-mounted device. In descriptions related to MTC, the term UE may refer to an MTC UE.

[0068] - Machine Type Communication (MTC): Communication performed by machines without human intervention. It may be referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication.

[0069] -MTC terminal (MTC UE or MTC device or MRT equipment): a terminal (eg, vending machine, meter, etc.) having a communication function via a mobile communication network (eg, communication with an MTC server via a PLMN) and performing an MTC function.

[0070] - Radio Access Network (RAN): A unit in a 3GPP network that includes a Node B and a Radio Network Controller (RNC) that controls the Node B. The RAN exists at the UE side and provides a connection with the core network.

[0071] - Home Location Register (HLR) / Home Subscriber Server (HSS): A database within a 3GPP network that contains subscriber information. HSS can perform functions such as configuration storage, identity management, user state storage, etc.

[0072] - Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN): A network configured to provide mobile communication services to individuals. PLMN can be configured for each operator.

[0073] - Non-Access Stratum (NAS): A functional layer used at the UMTS and EPS protocol stacks to exchange signaling and service messages between the UE and the core network. NAS is mainly used to support the mobility of the UE and to support session management procedures for establishing and maintaining an IP connection between the UE and the PDN GW.

[0074] - Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF): An entity within the 3GPP architecture for service capability exposure that provides a means to securely expose services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network interfaces.

[0075] - Mobility Management Entity (MME): A network node in the EPS network that performs mobility management and session management functions.

[0076] - Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW): A network node in the EPS network that performs UE IP address allocation, packet screening and filtering, and charging data collection functions.

[0077] - Serving GW (Serving Gateway): A network node in the EPS network that performs functions such as mobility anchoring, packet routing, idle mode packet buffering, and triggering paging of MEs to the MME.

[0078] - Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF): A node in the EPS network that performs policy decisions to dynamically apply differentiated QoS and charging policies for individual service flows.

[0079] - Open Mobile Alliance Device Management (OMA DM): A protocol designed to manage mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and portable computers, which performs functions such as device configuration, firmware upgrades, and error reporting.

[0080] - Operations Administration and Maintenance (OAM): A group of network management functions that provide network fault indication, performance information and data, and diagnostic functions.

[0081] - Packet Data Network (PDN): A network where servers supporting specific services (eg, MMS server, WAP server, etc.) are located.

[0082] -PDN connection: a connection from a UE to a PDN, that is, an association (connection) between a UE represented by an IP address and a PDN represented by an APN.

[0083] - EPS Mobility Management (EMM): A sublayer of the NAS layer, where EMM can be in an "EMM registered" or "EMM deregistered" state depending on whether the UE is network attached or detached.

[0084] -EMM Connection Management (ECM) connection: A signaling connection established between the UE and the MME for exchanging NAS messages. An ECM connection is a logical connection consisting of an RRC connection between the UE and the eNB and an S1 signaling connection between the eNB and the MME. When an ECM connection is established / terminated, the RRC and S1 signaling connections are also established / terminated. For the UE, an established ECM connection means an RRC connection is established with the eNB, and for the MME, an S1 signaling connection is established with the eNB. Depending on whether a NAS signaling connection (i.e., an ECM connection) is established, the ECM may have an "ECM connected" or "ECM idle" state.

[0085] - Access Stratum (AS): It comprises the protocol stack between the UE and the radio (or access) network and is responsible for sending data and network control signals.

[0086] -NAS configuration management object (MO): a management object (MO) used to configure the UE with parameters related to NAS functions.

[0087] - Packet Data Network (PDN): A network where servers supporting specific services (eg, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) server, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) server, etc.) are located.

[0088] -PDN connection: A logical connection between a UE and a PDN, represented by an IP address (an IPv4 address and / or an IPv6 prefix).

[0089] - Access Point Name (APN): A string that represents or identifies a PDN. In order to access a requested service or network, a specific P-GW must be passed through, which means a predefined name (string) in the network so that the P-GW can be found. (For example, internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs)

[0090] - Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF): It is a network entity and provides policies that allow the UE to discover and select available access on a per-operator basis.

[0091] -EPC path (or infrastructure data path): the user plane communication path through the EPC.

[0092] - E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer (E-RAB): It represents the concatenation of an S1 bearer and a corresponding data radio bearer. If an E-RAB is present, there is a one-to-one mapping between the E-RAB and the EPS bearer of NAS.

[0093] -GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP): A set of IP-based communication protocols used within GSM, UMTS, and LTE networks to carry General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Within the 3GPP architecture, GTP and proxy mobile IPv6-based interfaces are specified at various interface points. GTP can be decomposed into multiple protocols (e.g., GTP-C, GTP-U, and GTP'). GTP-C is used within the GPRS core network for signaling between the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) and the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN). GTP-C allows the SGSN to enable a session for a user (e.g., PDN context activation), deactivate the same session, adjust quality of service parameters, or update a session for a subscriber that has just been operated from another SGSN. GTP-U is used to carry user data within the GPRS core network and between the radio access network and the core network.

[0094] -Cell as radio resource: 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system has used the concept of cell to manage radio resources, and the cell related to radio resources is distinguished from the cell of the geographical area. "Cell" related to radio resources is defined as a combination of downlink (DL) resources and uplink (UL) resources, that is, a combination of DL carrier and UL carrier. A cell may be configured with only DL resources or a combination of DL resources and UL resources. If carrier aggregation is supported, the connection between the carrier frequency of DL resources and the carrier frequency of UL resources may be indicated by system information. Here, the carrier frequency refers to the center frequency of each cell or carrier. Specifically, a cell operating on a primary frequency is referred to as a primary cell or Pcell, and a cell operating on a secondary frequency is referred to as a secondary cell or Scell. Scell ​​refers to a cell that can be configured after a radio resource control (RRC) connection is established and can be used to provide additional radio resources. According to the capabilities of the UE, Scell ​​together with Pcell can form a set of serving cells for the UE. For a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state but not configured with carrier aggregation or not supporting carrier aggregation, there is only one serving cell configured with only Pcell. A "cell" of a geographical area can be understood as a coverage area where a node can use a carrier to provide services, and a "cell" of radio resources is related to a bandwidth (BW) which is a frequency range configured by a carrier. Since the downlink coverage area, which is a range where a node can send a valid signal, and the uplink coverage area, which is a range where a node can receive a valid signal from a UE, depend on the carrier that carries the corresponding signal, the coverage area of ​​a node is associated with the coverage area of ​​a "cell" of radio resources used by the node. Therefore, the term "cell" can sometimes be used to indicate the coverage area of ​​a node's service, sometimes to indicate a radio resource, and sometimes to indicate a range where a signal using a radio resource can reach with effective strength.

[0095] EPC is a key element of System Architecture Evolution (SAE) to improve the performance of 3GPP technologies. SAE corresponds to a research project that determines a network structure that supports mobility between various types of networks. SAE aims to provide an optimized packet-based system, for example, supporting various radio access technologies based on IP and providing more improved data transmission capabilities.

[0096] More specifically, EPC is the core network of the IP mobile communication system for the 3GPP LTE system, and can support packet-based real-time services and non-real-time services. In the existing mobile communication system (i.e., in the 2nd or 3rd mobile communication system), the function of the core network has been implemented by two separate subdomains including a circuit switching (CS) subdomain for voice and a packet switching (PS) subdomain for data. However, in the 3GPP LTE system, which is an evolution of the 3rd mobile communication system, the CS subdomain and the PS subdomain have been unified into a single IP domain. That is, in the 3GPP LTE system, the connection between UEs with IP capabilities can be configured via an IP-based base station (e.g., an evolved Node B (eNodeB)), an EPC, and an application domain (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)). In other words, EPC is the basic architecture for implementing end-to-end IP services.

[0097] EPC can include various components, and Figure 1 Some EPC components are shown, including a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW), a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a SGSN (Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node), and an enhanced Packet Data Gateway (ePDG).

[0098] The SGW (or S-GW) operates as a boundary point between the radio access network (RAN) and the core network, and is an element for maintaining a data path between the eNB and the PDN GW. In addition, if the UE moves across the area served by the eNB, the SGW serves as a local mobility anchor point. That is, for mobility within the E-UTRAN (Evolved-Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network defined in 3GPP Release 8 or later), packets can be routed through the SGW. For mobility with other 3GPP networks (RAN defined before 3GPP Release 8, such as UTRAN or GERAN (Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network), the SGW can also be used as an anchor point.

[0099] The PDN GW (or P-GW) corresponds to the termination point of the data interface with the packet data network. The PDN GW may support policy enforcement features, packet filtering, charging support, etc. In addition, for mobility management between a 3GPP network and a non-3GPP network (e.g., an untrusted network such as an interworking wireless local area network (I-WLAN) or a trusted network such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) network and Wimax), the PDN GW may be used as an anchor point.

[0100] Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described based on the terms defined above.

[0101] The three main demand areas of 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communications (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC).

[0102] Some use cases may require multiple areas to optimize, others may focus on just one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these various use cases in a flexible and reliable way.

[0103] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers rich two-way tasks, media and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality. Data is a key driver of 5G, and dedicated voice services may not be seen for the first time in the 5G era. In 5G, it is expected that voice will be processed as an application using a data connection simply provided by the communication system. The main reasons for the increase in traffic include the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications that require high data transfer rates. As more and more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video and mobile Internet connections will be used more widely. These many applications require always-on connections to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications have suddenly increased in mobile communication platforms, and this can be applied to both business and entertainment. In addition, cloud storage is a special use case that drives the growth of uplink data transfer rates. 5G is also used for remote cloud services. When using a tactile interface, lower end-to-end latency is required to maintain an excellent user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud games and video streaming) is another key element that increases the demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment in smartphones and tablets is essential anywhere including high mobility environments such as trains, vehicles and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information search. In this case, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous amounts of data.

[0104] Furthermore, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves the ability to smoothly connect embedded sensors in all fields (i.e., mMTC). By 2020, potential IoT devices are expected to reach 20.4 billion. Industrial IoT is one of the areas where 5G plays a major role, enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure.

[0105] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries through remote control of key infrastructure and links with ultra-reliable / low available latency, such as self-driving vehicles. For smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics engineering, drone control and regulation, the level of reliability and latency is critical.

[0106] A number of use cases are described in more detail below.

[0107] 5G can complement fiber to the home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means of delivering streams rated from a few hundred megabits per second to a gigabit per second. In addition to virtual reality and augmented reality, such fast speeds are needed to deliver TV with a resolution of 4K or higher (6K, 8K or higher). Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include immersive sporting events. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, the core server of the gaming company may need to be integrated with the network operator's edge network server in order to minimize latency.

[0108] With many use cases for automotive mobile communications, cars are expected to be an important new driver in 5G. For example, passenger entertainment requires both high-capacity and high-mobility mobile broadband. The reason is that future users continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another example of use in the automotive field is an augmented reality dashboard. The augmented reality dashboard will overlap and display information that identifies objects in the dark and notifies the driver of the distance and movement of the object above what the driver sees through the front window. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices carried by pedestrians). Safety systems guide alternative behavior routes so that drivers can drive more safely, thereby reducing the risk of accidents. The next stage will be remote control or self-driving vehicles. This requires very reliable and very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between cars and infrastructure. In the future, self-driving vehicles can perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on abnormal traffic that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements for self-driving vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high-speed reliability to increase traffic safety to a level that humans cannot reach.

[0109] Smart cities and smart homes, referred to as smart societies, will be embedded as high-density radio sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will identify the cost of a city or home and the conditions for energy-saving maintenance. Similar configurations can be performed for each home. Temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms and household appliances are all wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low data transfer rate, low energy and low cost. However, for example, a specific type of surveillance device may require real-time HD video.

[0110] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly distributed, thus requiring automated control of a distributed sensor network. Smart grids collect information and interconnect these sensors using digital information and communication technologies so that the sensors operate based on this information. This information may include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, so smart grids can improve the distribution of fuels such as electricity in an efficient, reliable, economical, sustainable and automated manner. Smart grids can be viewed as another sensor network with small delays.

[0111] The health sector has many applications that benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems can support telemedicine that provides clinical treatment in distant locations. This helps reduce the barrier of distance and improves access to medical services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. Moreover, this is used to save lives in critical treatment and emergency situations. Radio sensor networks based on mobile communications can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0112] Radio and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Cabling requires high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable radio links is an attractive opportunity in many industrial fields. However, realizing this possibility requires radio connections to operate with similar latency, reliability and capacity as cables and to be simplified in management. Low latency and low error probability are new requirements for 5G connections.

[0113] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, which allow inventory and packages to be tracked anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require lower data speeds, but wider areas and reliable location information.

[0114] The embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below may be implemented by combination or modification to meet the above-mentioned 5G requirements.

[0115] The following describes in detail technical fields to which embodiments of the present disclosure to be described below are applicable.

[0116] Artificial Intelligence (AI)

[0117] Artificial intelligence refers to the field that studies artificial intelligence or methods that can generate artificial intelligence. Machine learning refers to the field that defines the various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence and the methods for solving these problems. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms that improve the performance of tasks through continuous experience of tasks.

[0118] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning and is configured with artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network through a combination of synapses, and may refer to the entire model with problem-solving capabilities. An artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process that updates model parameters, and an activation function that generates an output value.

[0119] The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons. The artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an activation function for an input signal, a weight, and a bias input through a synapse.

[0120] Model parameters refer to parameters determined by learning, and include weights of synaptic connections and biases of neurons. In addition, hyperparameters refer to parameters that need to be configured before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include learning rate, number of repetitions, minimum deployment size, and initialization function.

[0121] The learning objective of an artificial neural network can be viewed as determining the model parameters that minimize the loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator to determine the optimal model parameters during the learning process of an artificial neural network.

[0122] Based on the learning method, machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0123] Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where labels of learning data are given. A label may refer to an answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network must infer when learning data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network in a state where labels of learning data are not given. Reinforcement learning may refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within an environment is trained to select a behavior or a sequence of behaviors that maximizes cumulative compensation in each state.

[0124] Machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning. Deep learning is a part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is used as a meaning including deep learning.

[0125] robot

[0126] A robot may refer to a machine that automatically processes a given task or operates based on autonomous capabilities. Specifically, a robot that has the function of recognizing an environment and autonomously determining and executing an operation may be referred to as an intelligent robot.

[0127] Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, and military fields based on their purpose or field of use.

[0128] The robot includes a drive (including an actuator or a motor) and can perform various physical operations such as moving the robot joints. In addition, a movable robot includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc. in the drive and can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the drive.

[0129] Self-driving (autonomous driving)

[0130] Self-driving means a technology of autonomous driving. A self-driving vehicle means a vehicle that travels without user manipulation or with minimal manipulation by a user.

[0131] For example, self-driving may include all technologies for maintaining a driving lane, technologies for automatically controlling speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for automatically driving along a fixed path, technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, and the like.

[0132] The vehicle includes all vehicles having only an internal combustion engine, hybrid vehicles including both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and electric vehicles having only an electric motor, and may include trains, motorcycles, and the like in addition to vehicles.

[0133] In this context, a self-driving vehicle can be considered a robot with self-driving capabilities.

[0134] Extended Reality (XR)

[0135] Extended reality refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) collectively. VR technology only provides real-world objects or backgrounds as CG images. AR technology provides virtually generated CG images on actual object images. MR technology is a computer graphics technology for mixing and combining virtual objects with the real world and providing them.

[0136] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real objects and virtual objects. However, in AR technology, virtual objects are used to supplement real objects. Conversely, unlike AR technology, in MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as the same role.

[0137] XR technology may be applied to head mounted displays (HMDs), heads up displays (HUDs), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptop computers, desktop computers, TVs, digital signage, etc. Devices to which XR technology is applied may be referred to as XR devices.

[0138] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a device to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0139] Device 100 can be implemented as a fixed device or a mobile device, such as a TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a desktop computer, a notebook, a terminal for digital broadcasting, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigator, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a DMB receiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a desktop computer, a digital signage, a robot, and a vehicle.

[0140] Reference Figure 1 , the terminal 100 may include a communication unit 110 , an input unit 120 , a learning processor 130 , a sensing unit 140 , an output unit 150 , a memory 170 , and a processor 180 .

[0141] The communication unit 110 may use wired and wireless communication technologies to send and receive data to and from an external device (e.g., other devices 100a to 100e or the AI ​​server 200). For example, the communication unit 110 may send and receive sensor information, user input, a learning model, and a control signal to and from the external device.

[0142] Examples of communication technology used by the communication unit 110 include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth™, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), ZigBee, Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.

[0143] The input unit 120 may obtain various types of data.

[0144] The input unit 120 may include a camera for image signal input, a microphone for receiving audio signals, a user input unit for receiving information from a user, etc. Herein, a camera or a microphone is regarded as a sensor, and a signal obtained from the camera or the microphone may be referred to as sensing data or sensor information.

[0145] The input unit 120 may obtain learning data for model learning and input data to be used when obtaining output using the learning model. The input unit 120 may obtain unprocessed input data. In this case, the processor 180 or the learning processor 130 may extract input features by performing preprocessing on the input data.

[0146] The learning processor 130 can be trained using the learning data by a model configured with an artificial neural network. In this case, the trained artificial neural network can be referred to as a learning model. The learning model can be used to infer the result value of new input data other than the learning data, and the inferred value can be used as a basis for performing a given operation.

[0147] The learning processor 130 may perform AI processing together with the learning processor 240 of the AI ​​server 200 .

[0148] The learning processor 130 may include a memory integrated or implemented in the device 100. Alternatively, the learning processor 130 may be implemented using the memory 170, an external memory directly coupled to the device 100, or a memory maintained in an external device.

[0149] The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information of the device 100 , surrounding environment information of the device 100 , or user information using various sensors.

[0150] Examples of the sensor included in the sensing unit 140 include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a lidar, a radar, and the like.

[0151] The output unit 150 may generate output relevant to the senses of sight, hearing, or touch.

[0152] The output unit 150 may include a display for outputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditory information, and a haptic module for outputting tactile information.

[0153] The memory 170 may store data supporting various functions of the device 100. For example, the memory 170 may store input data obtained by the input unit 120, learning data, a learning model, a learning history, and the like.

[0154] The processor 180 may determine at least one executable operation of the device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. In addition, the processor 180 may execute the determined operation by controlling components of the device 100.

[0155] To this end, the processor 180 may request, search, receive, and use data of the learning processor 130 or the memory 170, and may control components of the device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferred among at least one executable operation.

[0156] In this case, if association with an external device is required to perform the determined operation, the processor 180 may generate a control signal for controlling the corresponding external device and transmit the generated control signal to the corresponding external device.

[0157] The processor 180 may obtain intention information input by the user and send a user request based on the obtained intention information.

[0158] The processor 180 may obtain intent information corresponding to the user input using at least one of a speech-to-text (STT) engine for converting a voice input into a text string or a natural language processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intent information of a natural language.

[0159] In this case, at least some of at least one of the STT engine or the NLP engine may be configured as an artificial neural network trained based on a machine learning algorithm. In addition, at least one of the STT engine or the NLP engine may have been trained by the learning processor 130, may have been trained by the learning processor 240 of the AI ​​server 200, or may have been trained by its distributed processing.

[0160] The processor 180 may collect historical information including the operation content of the device 100 or the user's feedback on the operation, may store the historical information in the memory 170 or the learning processor 130, or may transmit the historical information to an external device such as the AI ​​server 200. The collected historical information may be used to update the learning model.

[0161] The processor 180 may control at least some components of the device 100 in order to execute an application program stored in the memory 170. In addition, the processor 180 may combine and operate two or more components included in the device 100 in order to execute an application program.

[0162] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an artificial intelligence (AI) server to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0163] Reference Figure 2 , the AI ​​server 200 may mean a device that trains an artificial neural network using a machine learning algorithm or uses a trained artificial neural network. Herein, the AI ​​server 200 is composed of a plurality of servers and may perform distributed processing and may be defined as a 5G network. In addition, the AI ​​server 200 may be included as a partial configuration of the device 100 and may perform at least some AI processing.

[0164] The AI ​​server 200 may include a communication unit 210 , a memory 230 , a learning processor 240 , and a processor 260 .

[0165] The communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data to and from an external device (eg, the device 100 ).

[0166] The memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231. The model storage unit 231 may store a model (or an artificial neural network 231a) being trained or trained by the learning processor 240.

[0167] The learning processor 240 may train the artificial neural network 231a using the learning data. The learning model may be used in a state already installed on the AI ​​server 200 of the artificial neural network, or may be installed on an external device such as the device 100 and used.

[0168] The learning model may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. If part or all of the learning model is implemented as software, one or more instructions for configuring the learning model may be stored in the memory 230.

[0169] Processor 260 may use the learned model to infer result values ​​for new input data, and may generate a response or control command based on the inferred result values.

[0170] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an AI system to which the present disclosure is applicable.

[0171] Reference Figure 3 , the AI ​​system 1 is connected to at least one of the AI ​​server 200, the robot 100a, the self-driving vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smart phone 100d, or the home appliance 100e via the cloud network 300. In this case, the robot 100a, the self-driving vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smart phone 100d, or the home appliance 100e to which the AI ​​technology is applied may be referred to as devices 100a to 100e.

[0172] The cloud network 300 may constitute a part of a cloud computing infrastructure, or may mean a network existing within the cloud computing infrastructure. Here, the cloud network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, or a 5G network.

[0173] That is, the devices 100a to 100e and 200 constituting the AI ​​system 1 may be interconnected via the cloud network 300. Specifically, the devices 100a to 100e and 200 may communicate with each other through a base station, but may directly communicate with each other without the intervention of a base station.

[0174] The AI ​​server 200 may include a server for performing AI processing and a server for performing calculations on big data.

[0175] The AI ​​server 200 is connected to at least one of the robot 100a, the self-driving vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smart phone 100d, or the home appliance 100e as devices constituting the AI ​​system 1 via the cloud network 300, and can assist at least some AI processing of the connected devices 100a to 100e.

[0176] The AI ​​server 200 may train an artificial neural network based on a machine learning algorithm instead of the devices 100a to 100e, and may directly store the learning model or transmit the learning model to the devices 100a to 100e.

[0177] The AI ​​server 200 may receive input data from the devices 100a to 100e, use a learning model to infer a result value of the received input data, generate a response or a control command based on the inferred result value, and send the response or the control command to the devices 100a to 100e.

[0178] Alternatively, the devices 100a to 100e may directly use the learning model to infer the result values ​​of the input data, and may generate a response or control command based on the inferred result values.

[0179] Various implementations of the devices 100a to 100e to which the above-mentioned technology is applied are described below. Figure 3 The devices 100a to 100e shown may be considered as Figure 1 A detailed implementation of the apparatus 100 is shown.

[0180] AI and robots to which this disclosure applies

[0181] AI technology is applied to the robot 100a, and the robot 100a can be implemented as a guiding robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, etc.

[0182] The robot 100a may include a robot control module for controlling operations. The robot control module may mean a software module or a chip that implements the software module using hardware.

[0183] Using sensor information obtained from various types of sensors, the robot 100a can obtain status information of the robot 100a, detect (recognize) the surrounding environment and objects, generate map data, determine a movement path and driving plan, determine a response to user interaction, or determine an operation.

[0184] The robot 100a may use sensor information obtained by at least one sensor among a lidar, a radar, and a camera in order to determine a moving path and a driving plan.

[0185] The robot 100a may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network. For example, the robot 100a may use the learning model to identify the surrounding environment and objects, and determine the operation using the identified surrounding environment information or object information. Here, the learning model may have been trained directly in the robot 100a, or may have been trained in an external device such as the AI ​​server 200.

[0186] The robot 100a may directly generate a result and perform an operation using a learning model, but may perform an operation by transmitting sensor information to an external device such as the AI ​​server 200 and receiving a result generated in response.

[0187] The robot 100a may determine a moving path and a travel plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information obtained from an external device. The robot 100a may travel along the determined moving path and travel plan by controlling a driving unit.

[0188] The map data may include object identification information of various objects set in the space where the robot 100a moves. For example, the map data may include object identification information of fixed objects (e.g., walls and doors) and movable objects (e.g., flower pots and tables). In addition, the object identification information may include name, type, distance, location, etc.

[0189] In addition, the robot 100a can perform operations or travel by controlling the driving unit based on user control / interaction. In this case, the robot 100a can obtain interactive intention information according to the user's behavior or voice speaking, determine a response based on the obtained intention information, and perform operations.

[0190] This disclosure applies to AI and self-driving

[0191] AI technology is applied to the self-driving vehicle 100b, which can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, etc.

[0192] The self-driving vehicle 100b may include a self-driving control module for controlling the self-driving function. The self-driving control module may mean a software module or a chip that implements the software module using hardware. The self-driving control module may be included in the self-driving vehicle 100b as a component of the self-driving vehicle 100b, but may be configured as a separate hardware outside the self-driving vehicle 100b and connected to the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0193] Using sensor information obtained from various types of sensors, the self-driving vehicle 100b can obtain state information of the self-driving vehicle 100b, detect (recognize) the surrounding environment and objects, generate map data, determine a movement path and travel plan, or determine an operation.

[0194] In order to determine a moving path and a driving plan, the self-driving vehicle 100b may use sensor information obtained from at least one sensor among a lidar, a radar, and a camera in the same manner as the robot 100a.

[0195] Specifically, the self-driving vehicle 100b may identify an environment or object in an area where vision is blocked or in an area at a predetermined distance or farther by receiving sensor information about the environment or object from an external device, or may receive information about the environment or object directly identified from an external device.

[0196] The self-driving vehicle 100b may perform the above operations using a learning model composed of at least one artificial neural network. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b may use the learning model to identify the surrounding environment and objects and determine the driving process using the identified surrounding environment information or object information. In this case, the learning model may have been trained directly in the self-driving vehicle 100b, or may have been trained in an external device such as the AI ​​server 200.

[0197] In this case, the self-driving vehicle 100b may use the learning model to directly generate a result to perform an operation, but may perform the operation by sending sensor information to an external device such as the AI ​​server 200 and receiving a result generated in response.

[0198] The self-driving vehicle 100b may determine a moving path and a travel plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information obtained from an external device. The self-driving vehicle 100b may travel based on the determined moving path and travel plan by controlling a driver.

[0199] The map data may include object identification information of various objects set in the space (e.g., road) in which the self-driving vehicle 100b travels. For example, the map data may include object identification information of fixed objects (e.g., street lamps, rocks, and buildings, etc.) and mobile objects (e.g., vehicles and pedestrians). In addition, the object identification information may include name, type, distance, location, etc.

[0200] In addition, the self-driving vehicle 100b can perform an operation or travel by controlling the driving unit based on the user's control / interaction. In this case, the self-driving vehicle 100b can obtain the intention information of the interaction according to the user's behavior or voice speaking, determine the response based on the obtained intention information, and perform the operation.

[0201] This disclosure applies to AI and XR

[0202] AI technology is applied to the XR device 100c, and the XR device 100c can be implemented as a head-mounted display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) set in a vehicle, a television, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a fixed robot, or a mobile robot.

[0203] The XR device 100c may generate position data and attribute data of a three-dimensional point by analyzing three-dimensional point cloud data or image data obtained through various sensors or from an external device, may obtain information about a surrounding space or a real object based on the generated position data and attribute data, and may output the XR object by rendering the XR object. For example, the XR device 100c may output an XR object including additional information of the recognized object by making the XR object correspond to the corresponding recognized object.

[0204] The XR device 100c may perform the above operations using a learning model configured with at least one artificial neural network. For example, the XR device 100c may use a learning model to recognize a real object in three-dimensional point cloud data or image data, and may provide information corresponding to the recognized real object. In this case, the learning model may have been trained directly in the XR device 100c, or may have been trained in an external device such as the AI ​​server 200.

[0205] In this case, the XR device 100c may directly use the learning model to generate a result and perform an operation, but may perform an operation by sending sensor information to an external device such as the AI ​​server 200 and receiving a result generated in response.

[0206] This disclosure applies to AI, robotics and self-driving

[0207] AI technology and self-driving technology are applied to the robot 100a, and the robot 100a can be implemented as a guiding robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, etc.

[0208] The robot 100 a to which the AI ​​technology and the self-driving technology have been applied may mean the robot itself having a self-driving function, or may mean the robot 100 a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100 b .

[0209] The robot 100 a having a self-driving function may collectively refer to a device that autonomously moves along a given process without user control or autonomously determines a process and moves.

[0210] The robot 100a and the self-driving vehicle 100b with self-driving function can use common sensing technology to determine one or more of the moving path or the driving plan. For example, the robot 100a and the self-driving vehicle 100b with self-driving function can use information sensed by laser radar, radar, camera, etc. to determine one or more of the moving path or the driving plan.

[0211] The robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b exists separately from the self-driving vehicle 100b and may perform operations associated with a self-driving function inside or outside the self-driving vehicle 100b or associated with a user entering the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0212] In this case, the robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b can control or assist the self-driving function of the self-driving vehicle 100b by obtaining sensor information instead of the self-driving vehicle 100b and providing the sensor information to the self-driving vehicle 100b, or by obtaining sensor information, generating surrounding environment information or object information, and providing the surrounding environment information or object information to the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0213] Alternatively, the robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b may control the functions of the self-driving vehicle 100b by monitoring the user entering the self-driving vehicle 100b or by interacting with the user. For example, if the driver is determined to be in a drowsy state, the robot 100a may enable the self-driving function of the self-driving vehicle 100b or assist in the control of the drive unit of the self-driving vehicle 100b. In this case, in addition to the simple self-driving function, the functions of the self-driving vehicle 100b controlled by the robot 100a may include functions provided by a navigation system or an audio system provided in the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0214] Alternatively, the robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b may provide information to the self-driving vehicle 100b or may assist functions other than the self-driving vehicle 100b. For example, the robot 100a may provide traffic information including signal information to the self-driving vehicle 100b (as in a smart traffic light), and may automatically connect a charger to a filling port (as in an automatic charger for an electric vehicle) by interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0215] AI, Robotics, and XR to which this disclosure applies

[0216] AI technology and XR technology are applied to the robot 100a, and the robot 100a can be implemented as a guiding robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, a drone, etc.

[0217] The robot 100a to which the XR technology has been applied may mean a robot, that is, a control / interaction target within an XR image. In this case, the robot 100a is different from the XR device 100c, and they may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0218] When the robot 100a (i.e., the control / interaction target within the XR image) obtains sensor information from a sensor including a camera, the robot 100a or the XR device 100c may generate an XR image based on the sensor information, and the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image. In addition, the robot 100a may operate based on a control signal received through the XR device 100c or the user's interaction.

[0219] For example, a user may identify a corresponding XR image when the robot 100a is remotely operated through an external device (e.g., XR device 100c), may adjust the self-driving path of the robot 100a through interaction, may control operation or driving, or may identify information of surrounding objects.

[0220] This disclosure applies to AI, self-driving and XR

[0221] AI technology and XR technology are applied to the self-driving vehicle 100b, which can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, etc.

[0222] The self-driving vehicle 100b to which the XR technology has been applied may refer to a self-driving vehicle or a self-driving vehicle equipped with a means for providing an XR image (i.e., a control / interaction target within the XR image). Specifically, the self-driving vehicle 100b (i.e., target control / interaction within the XR image) is different from the XR device 100c, and they may operate in conjunction with each other.

[0223] The self-driving vehicle 100b equipped with means for providing an XR image may obtain sensor information from a sensor including a camera, and may output an XR image generated based on the obtained sensor information. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b includes a HUD, and may provide an XR object corresponding to a real object or an object within a screen to a passenger by outputting an XR image.

[0224] In this case, when the XR object is output to the HUD, at least some of the XR object may be output overlapping with the real object to which the passenger's field of view is directed. Conversely, when the XR object is displayed on a display included in the self-driving vehicle 100b, at least some of the XR object may be output so that it overlaps with the object in the screen. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b may output XR objects corresponding to objects such as a lane, another vehicle, a traffic light, a road sign, a two-wheeled vehicle, a pedestrian, and a building.

[0225] If the self-driving vehicle 100b, which is a control / interaction target within the XR image, obtains sensor information from a sensor including a camera, the self-driving vehicle 100b or the XR device 100c may create an XR image based on the sensor information, and the XR device 100c may output the created XR image. In addition, the self-driving vehicle 100b may operate based on a control signal received through an external device such as the XR device 100c or a user's interaction.

[0226] 5G system architecture to which this disclosure applies

[0227] The 5G system is an advanced technology of the 4G LTE mobile communication technology, and supports new radio access technologies (RATs), extended long term evolution (eLTE) which is an extension technology of LTE, non-3GPP access (e.g., wireless local area network (WLAN) access), etc. through the evolution of the existing mobile communication network structure or idle state structure.

[0228] The 5G system is defined based on services, and the interactions between network functions (NFs) in the architecture of the 5G system can be represented in the following two ways.

[0229] - Reference point representation: indicates the interaction between NF services in NFs described by a point-to-point reference point (e.g., N11) between two NFs (e.g., AMF and SMF).

[0230] -Service-based representation: A network function (e.g. AMF) within the control plane (CP) allows other authenticated network functions to access its services. If necessary, the representation also includes point-to-point reference points.

[0231] Overview of 3GPP System

[0232] Figure 4 Various reference points are shown.

[0233] exist Figure 4 In the example of the network structure shown, the SGW and the PDN GW are configured as separate gateways, but both gateways may be implemented according to a single gateway configuration option.

[0234] MME is an element that performs signaling and control functions to support access to the network connection of UE, allocation of network resources, tracking, paging, roaming and handover, etc. MME controls control plane functions related to subscriber and session management. MME manages a large number of eNBs and performs signaling of legacy gateway selection to handover to other 2G / 3G networks. In addition, MME performs functions such as security procedures, terminal-to-network session handling, idle terminal location management, etc.

[0235] The SGSN handles all packet data such as mobility management and authentication of users for another 3GPP network (eg, GPRS network).

[0236] The ePDG serves as a security node for untrusted non-3GPP networks (eg, I-WLAN, Wi-Fi hotspots, etc.).

[0237] As reference Figure 4 As described, a UE with IP capability can access an IP service network (eg, IMS) provided by a service provider (ie, operator) via various components within the EPC based on non-3GPP access as well as 3GPP access.

[0238] For example, reference points such as S1-U and S1-MME can connect two functions existing in different functional entities. The 3GPP system defines a conceptual link connecting two functions existing in different functional entities of E-UTRAN and EPC as a reference point. The following Table 1 summarizes Figure 4 Reference points shown. In addition to the examples in Table 1, various reference points may exist according to the network structure.

[0239] [Table 1]

[0240]

[0241] exist Figure 4 Among the reference points shown, S2a and S2b correspond to non-3GPP interfaces. S2a is a reference point that provides relevant control and mobility support between trusted non-3GPP access and PDN GW to the user plane. S2b is a reference point that provides relevant control and mobility support between ePDG and PDN GW to the user plane. Figure 5 An example of a network structure of an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to which the present disclosure is applicable is shown.

[0242] The E-UTRAN system is an evolved version of the existing UTRAN system and may be, for example, a 3GPP LTE / LTE-A system.Communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice (eg, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) through IMS and packet data.

[0243] Reference Figure 5 , the E-UMTS network includes E-UTRAN, EPC and one or more UEs. E-UTRAN consists of eNBs that provide control plane protocols and user plane protocols to UEs, and the eNBs are interconnected with each other through an X2 interface.

[0244] The X2 user plane (X2-U) interface is defined between eNBs. The X2-U interface provides non-guaranteed delivery of user plane packet data units (PDUs). The X2 control plane (X2-CP) interface is defined between two neighboring eNBs. The X2-CP performs functions such as context transfer between eNBs, control of user plane tunnels between source eNB and target eNB, transmission of handover related messages, uplink load management, etc.

[0245] The eNB is connected to the UE via a radio interface and to the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) through an S1 interface.

[0246] The S1 user plane (S1-U) interface is defined between the eNB and the serving gateway (S-GW). The S1 control plane interface (S1-MME) is defined between the eNB and the mobility management entity (MME). The S1 interface performs functions such as evolved packet system (EPS) bearer service management, non-access stratum (NAS) signaling transmission, network sharing, MME load balancing, etc. The S1 interface supports a many-to-many relationship between the eNB and the MME / S-GW.

[0247] The MME may perform various functions such as NAS signaling security, access layer (AS) security control, core network (CN) inter-node signaling for supporting mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (including control and execution of paging retransmissions), Tracking Area Identity (TAI) management (for UEs in idle mode and active mode), PDN GW and SGW selection, MME selection for handover with MME change, SGSN selection for handover to 2G or 3G 3GPP access network, roaming, authentication, bearer management functions (including dedicated bearer establishment), support for Public Warning System (PWS) (including Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) and Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS)) message transmission, etc.

[0248] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a common architecture of an E-URTAN and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

[0249] like Figure 6 As shown, the eNB can perform functions such as routing to the gateway while the radio resource control (RRC) connection is enabled, scheduling and transmission of paging messages, scheduling and transmission of broadcast channels (BCH), dynamic allocation of resources in uplink and downlink to UEs, configuration and provision of measurements of the eNB, radio bearer control, radio admission control, and connection mobility control. The eNB can perform functions such as paging situations in the EPC, management of the LTE_IDLE state, encryption of the user plane, SAE bearer control, and encryption and integrity protection of NAS signaling.

[0250] Annex J of 3GPP TR 23.799 shows various architectures by combining 5G and 4G. 3GPP TS 23.501 discloses an architecture using NR and NGC.

[0251] Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a radio interface protocol in a control plane between a user equipment (UE) and an evolved Node B (eNB), Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a radio interface protocol in a user plane between a UE and an eNB.

[0252] The radio interface protocol is based on the 3GPP radio access network standard. The radio interface protocol consists horizontally of a physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer, and is vertically divided into a user plane for data information transmission and a control plane for control signaling transmission.

[0253] The protocol layer may be divided into L1 (first layer), L2 (second layer), and L3 (third layer) based on the lower three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) standard model well known in the field of communication systems.

[0254] Described below Figure 7 The control plane layers of the radio protocol and Figure 8 The layers of the radio protocol in the user plane are shown.

[0255] The first layer, the physical layer, uses a physical channel to provide information transfer services. The physical layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer located at a higher layer via a transport channel, and transmits data between the MAC layer and the physical layer via the transport channel. Data is transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., between the physical layers of the transmitting side and the receiving side) via the physical channel.

[0256] The physical channel consists of multiple subframes on the time axis and multiple subcarriers on the frequency axis. Here, one subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers on the time axis. One subframe consists of multiple resource blocks, and one resource block consists of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. The unit time for sending data, the transmission time interval (TTI) is 1ms corresponding to one subframe.

[0257] According to 3GPP LTE, physical channels existing in the physical layer of the transmitting side and the receiving side can be divided into a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) as data channels, and a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), and a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) as control channels.

[0258] There are multiple layers in the second layer. The medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer is used to map various logical channels to various transport channels, and also performs a logical channel multiplexing function of mapping multiple logical channels to one transport channel. The MAC layer is connected to the radio link control (RLC) layer as the upper layer via a logical channel. According to the type of information transmitted, the logical channel is roughly divided into a control channel for transmitting information of the control plane and a traffic channel for transmitting information of the user plane.

[0259] The MAC layer of the second layer segments and concatenates data received from the upper layer, and adjusts the data size so that the lower layer is suitable for transmitting the data to the radio.

[0260] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer of the second layer performs a header compression function of reducing the size of an IP packet header having a relatively large size and containing unnecessary control information, so as to efficiently transmit data in a radio section having a small bandwidth when transmitting an IP packet such as IPv4 or IPv6. In addition, in the LTE system, the PDCP layer also performs a security function consisting of encryption for preventing data interception by a third party and integrity protection for preventing data manipulation by a third party.

[0261] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer located at the uppermost of the third layer is defined only in the control plane and is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels with respect to configuration, reconfiguration, and release of Radio Bearers (RBs). RBs mean services provided by the second layer to ensure data transmission between the UE and the E-UTRAN.

[0262] If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the wireless network, the UE is in the RRC connected mode. Otherwise, the UE is in the RRC idle mode.

[0263] The RRC state and RRC connection method of the UE are described below. The RRC state refers to the state in which the RRC of the UE is logically connected or not connected to the RRC of the E-UTRAN. The RRC state of the UE that has a logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN is called the RRC_CONNECTED state, and the RRC state of the UE that has no logical connection with the RRC of the E-UTRAN is called the RRC_IDLE state. Since the UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state has an RRC connection, the E-UTRAN can identify the existence of the corresponding UE on a per-cell basis, thereby efficiently controlling the UE. On the other hand, the E-UTRAN cannot identify the existence of the UE in the RRC_IDLE state, and the UE in the RRC_IDLE state is managed by the core network based on a tracking area (TA) which is an area unit larger than a cell. That is, for the UE in the RRC_IDLE state, whether the corresponding UE exists is identified only in an area unit larger than a cell. In order for the UE in the RRC_IDLE state to receive typical mobile communication services such as voice and data, the UE should transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state. Each TA is distinguished from another TA by its Tracking Area Identity (TAI). The UE can configure the TAI through a Tracking Area Code (TAC) which is information broadcast from a cell.

[0264] When the user initially turns on the UE, the UE first searches for an appropriate cell, then establishes an RRC connection in the corresponding cell and registers the UE's information in the core network. Thereafter, the UE stays in the RRC_IDLE state. If necessary, the UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state (re)selects a cell and checks system information or paging information. This operation is called camping on a cell. Only when the UE staying in the RRC_IDLE state needs to establish an RRC connection, the UE establishes an RRC connection with the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN through the RRC connection process and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state. There are several situations in which a UE remaining in the RRC_IDLE state needs to establish an RRC connection. For example, these situations may include a user attempting to make a phone call, attempting to send data, or transmitting a response message when a paging message is received from the E-UTRAN.

[0265] A non-access stratum (NAS) layer located above the RRC layer performs functions such as session management and mobility management.

[0266] The following describes in detail Figure 7 The NAS layer is shown.

[0267] The Evolved Session Management (ESM) belonging to the NAS layer performs functions such as default bearer management and dedicated bearer management to control the UE to use PS services from the network. When accessing a specific packet data network (PDN) for the first time, default bearer resources are allocated from the network when accessing the network. In this case, the network allocates an IP address available to the UE so that the UE can use data services, and also allocates the QoS of the default bearer. LTE generally supports two types of bearers, including bearers with guaranteed bit rate (GBR) QoS characteristics for guaranteeing a specific bandwidth for data transmission / reception and non-GBR bearers with best effort QoS characteristics without guaranteed bandwidth. The default bearer is assigned a non-GBR bearer. A dedicated bearer can be assigned a bearer with GBR or non-GBR QoS characteristics.

[0268] The bearer assigned by the network to the UE is called an Evolved Packet Service (EPS) bearer. When the network assigns an EPS bearer to the UE, the network assigns an ID. This ID is called the EPS bearer ID. An EPS bearer has QoS characteristics of maximum bit rate (MBR) and / or guaranteed bit rate (GBR).

[0269] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a common architecture of a New Radio (NR)-Radio Access Network (RAN). Fig. 9 , the NG-RAN node can be one of the following nodes.

[0270] - a gNB providing NR user plane and control plane protocols towards the UE, or

[0271] -ng-eNB providing E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocols towards the UE

[0272] The gNB and ng-eNB are connected to each other through the Xn interface. In addition, the gNB and ng-eNB are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) and the user plane function (UPF) through the NG interface of the 5GC, more specifically, through the NG-C interface and the NG-U interface respectively (refer to 3GPP TS 23.501[3]).

[0273] For reference, the architecture and F1 interface for functional separation are defined in 3GPP TS 38.401 [4].

[0274] Fig.10 is a diagram showing an example of separation of common functions of NG-RAN and 5th Generation Core (5GC). Fig.10 ,The yellow boxes represent logical nodes, and the white boxes represent the main functions.

[0275] The gNB and ng-eNB host the following functions.

[0276] - Radio resource management functions: radio bearer control, radio authentication control, access mobility control, and dynamic resource allocation (scheduling) of UEs in both uplink and downlink

[0277] -IP header compression, encryption and data integrity protection

[0278] - Selection of AMF in the IMT-2000 3GPP-UE Annex document in case the routing to AMF cannot be determined based on the information provided from the UE

[0279] - User plane data routed to UPF

[0280] -Forward control plane information to AMF

[0281] -Connection configuration and disconnection

[0282] -Paging message scheduling and transmission

[0283] -System broadcast information scheduling and transmission (provided in AMF or OAM)

[0284] -Scheduling and configuration of mobility measurements and measurement reports

[0285] -Transmission level packet marking for uplink

[0286] -Session Management

[0287] - Network slicing support

[0288] -QoS flow management and mapping of data radio bearers

[0289] -Support UE in RRC_INACTIVE state

[0290] -NAS message distribution function

[0291] - Radio access network sharing

[0292] -Dual connection

[0293] - Closed interworking between NR and E-UTRA

[0294] The AMF hosts the following main functions (refer to 3GPP TS 23.501[3]).

[0295] -NAS signal termination

[0296] -NAS signal security

[0297] -AS security control

[0298] - Signaling between CN nodes for mobility between 3GPP access networks

[0299] - Idle mode UE connectivity (including paging retransmission control and execution)

[0300] -Registration area management

[0301] - Mobility support within and between systems

[0302] -Access authentication

[0303] -Access authorization, including confirmation of roaming rights

[0304] -Mobility management control (subscription and policy)

[0305] - Network slicing support

[0306] -SMF selection

[0307] The UPF hosts the following main functions (refer to 3GPP TS 23.501[3]).

[0308] - Anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (if any)

[0309] - External PDU session point interconnected with data network

[0310] -Packet routing and forwarding

[0311] -Packet inspection and user plane part enforced by policy rules

[0312] -Business usage report

[0313] - Uplink classifier to support traffic to data network

[0314] - Forking of multi-angle PDU sessions support

[0315] - QoS handling in the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL / DL rate enforcement)

[0316] - Uplink service certificate (SDF and QoS flow mapping)

[0317] - Downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering

[0318] The Session Management Function (SMF) hosts the following main functions (refer to 3GPP TS 23.501[3]).

[0319] -Session Management

[0320] -UE IP address allocation and management

[0321] -UP function selection and control

[0322] -Configure traffic steering to route traffic to appropriate destinations in UPF

[0323] -QoS policy enforcement and partial control

[0324] - Downlink data notification

[0325] Fig.11 1 is a diagram showing an example of a common architecture of a 5th generation (5G) system. Fig.11 The various reference interfaces and nodes in.

[0326] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) supports functions such as signaling between CN nodes for mobility between 3GPP access networks, termination of the Radio Access Network (RAN) CP interface (N2), termination of NAS signaling (N1), registration management (registration area), idle mode UE reachability, support of network slicing and SMF selection.

[0327] Some or all of the functionality of AMF may be supported in a single instance of AMF.

[0328] For example, the data network (DN) means operator service, Internet access or third-party service, etc. The DN transmits a downlink protocol data unit (PDU) or receives a PDU transmitted by the UE from the UPF.

[0329] The Policy Control Function (PCF) receives information about packet flows from application servers and provides functions for determining policies like mobility management and session management.

[0330] The Session Management Function (SMF) provides session management functions, and when the UE has multiple sessions, each session can be managed by a different SMF.

[0331] Some or all of the functionality of an SMF may be supported in a single instance of an SMF.

[0332] Unified Data Management (UDM) stores user subscription data, policy data, etc.

[0333] The User Plane Function (UPF) forwards the downlink PDU received from the DN to the UE via the (R)AN, and forwards the uplink PDU received from the UE to the DN via the (R)AN.

[0334] Application Function (AF) operates with the 3GPP core network for service provision (e.g., functions for supporting application-like impact on traffic routing, network capability exposure access, interoperation with the policy framework for policy control)

[0335] (Radio) Access Network ((R)AN) collectively refers to a new radio access network supporting both Evolved-E-UTRA (an evolved version of 4G radio access) and New Radio (NR) access technologies (eg, eNB).

[0336] The gNB supports functions for radio resource management (i.e., radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in uplink / downlink (i.e., scheduling)).

[0337] User Equipment (UE) means user device.

[0338] In the 3GPP system, a conceptual link connecting NFs in the 5G system is defined as a reference point.

[0339] N1 means the reference point between UE and AMF, N2 means the reference point between (R)AN and AMF, N3 means the reference point between (R)AN and UPF, N4 means the reference point between SMF and UPF, N6 means the reference point between UPF and data network, N9 means the reference point between 2 core UPFs, N5 means the reference point between PCF and AF, N7 means the reference point between SMF and PCF, N24 means the reference point between PCF in guest network and PCF in home network, N8 means the reference point between UDM and N10 means the reference point between UDM and SMF, N11 means the reference point between AMF and SMF, N12 means the reference point between AMF and Authentication Server Function (AUSF), N13 means the reference point between UDM and AUSF, N14 means the reference point between 2 AMFs, N15 means the reference point between PCF and AMF in the case of non-roaming scenario and between PCF and AMF in the guest network in the case of roaming scenario, N16 means the reference point between 2 SMFs Reference point (in roaming scenarios, the reference point between the SMF in the guest network and the SMF in the home network), N17 means the reference point between the AMF and the 5G Equipment Identity Register (EIR), N18 means the reference point between the AMF and the Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF), N22 means the reference point between the AMF and the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), N23 means the reference point between the PCF and the Network Data Analysis Function (NWDAF), N24 means the reference point between the NSSF and the NWDAF, N27 means the reference point between the AMF and the 5G Equipment Identity Register (EIR), N18 means the reference point between the AMF and the Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF), N22 means the reference point between the AMF and the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), N23 means the reference point between the PCF and the Network Data Analysis Function (NWDAF), N24 means the reference point between the NSSF and the NWDAF, N27 means the reference point between the AMF and the 5G Equipment Identity Register (EIR), N18 means the reference point between the AMF and the Unstructured Data Storage Function (UDSF), N22 means the reference point between the AMF and the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), N22 means the reference point between the AMF and the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), N22 means the reference point between the AMF and the Network Data Analysis Function (NWDAF), N2 ... It means the reference point between the Network Repository Function (NRF) in the guest network and the NRF in the home network, N31 means the reference point between the NSSF in the guest network and the NSSF in the home network, N32 means the reference point between the Security Protection Proxy (SEPP) in the guest network and the SEPP in the home network, N33 means the reference point between the Network Exposure Function and the AF, N40 means the reference point between the SMF and the Charging Function (CHF), and N50 means the reference point between the AMF and the Circuit Bearing Control Function (CBCF).

[0340] In addition, for the sake of convenience, Fig.11 The reference model of the case where the UE uses one PDU session to access one DN is illustrated by way of example, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0341] For convenience of explanation, the above description is based on an EPS system using eNB, but it can be replaced by a 5G system that uses gNB instead of eNB, uses AMF instead of the mobility management (MM) function of MME, uses SMF as the SM function of S / P-GW, and uses UPF as the user plane related functions of S / P-GW.

[0342] In this specification, the above description is based on EPS, but the corresponding content can also be supported through similar operations in the 5G system through processing / messages / information with similar objectives.

[0343] Communication system applicable to the present disclosure

[0344] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure are applicable to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0345] Hereinafter, it will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / descriptions, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or functional blocks.

[0346] Wireless device applicable to the present disclosure

[0347] Fig.12 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0348] Reference Fig.12 , the first wireless device 1200a and the second wireless device 1200b may transmit and receive radio signals through various radio access technologies (e.g., LTE or NR). Here, {first wireless device 1200a, second wireless device 1200b} may correspond to Figure 1 {wireless device 100x, base station 120} and / or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x}.

[0349] The first wireless device 1200a may include one or more processors 1202a and one or more memories 1204a and may also include one or more transceivers 1206a and / or one or more antennas 1208a. The processor 1202a may be configured to control the memory 1204a and / or the transceiver 1206a and implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 1202a may process the information in the memory 1204a to generate first information / signals, and then send a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 1206a. In addition, the processor 1202a may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal through the transceiver 1206a, and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 1204a. The memory 1204a may be connected to the processor 1202a and store various information related to the operation of the processor 1202a. For example, the memory 1204a may store software codes including instructions for executing all or some of the processing controlled by the processor 1202a or executing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 1202a and the memory 1204a may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 1206a may be connected to the processor 1202a to send and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 1208a. The transceiver 1206a may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 1206a may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0350] The second wireless device 1200b may include one or more processors 1202b and one or more memories 1204b and may also include one or more transceivers 1206b and / or one or more antennas 1208b. The processor 1202b may be configured to control the memory 1204b and / or the transceiver 1206b and implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flow charts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 1202b may process the information in the memory 1204b to generate third information / signals, and then send the third information / signals through the transceiver 1206b. In addition, the processor 1202b may receive a radio signal including a fourth information / signal through the transceiver 1206b, and then store the information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory 1204b. The memory 1204b may be connected to the processor 1202b to store various information related to the operation of the processor 1202b. For example, memory 1204b may store software code including instructions for executing all or some of the processing controlled by processor 1202b or executing the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed herein.Herein, processor 1202b and memory 1204b may be a part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). Transceiver 1206b may be connected to processor 1202b to send and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 1208b. Transceiver 1206b may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 1206b may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0351] Hereinafter, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 1200a and 1200b of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR and 6G, but also a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. At this time, for example, the NB-IoT technology may be an example of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, and may be implemented in standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 1200a and 1200b of the present disclosure may perform communication based on the LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, the LTE-M technology may be an example of a LPWAN technology, and may be referred to as various names such as enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, the LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 12) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication and / or 7) LTE M (but not limited to the above names). Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 1200a and 1200b of the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, or a low-power wide area network considering low-power communication, but is not limited to the above names. For example, ZigBee technology may generate a personal area network (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE802.15.4 and may be referred to as various names.

[0352] The hardware elements of the wireless devices 1200a and 1200b will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by (but not limited to) one or more processors 1202a and 1202b. For example, one or more processors 1202a and 1202b may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY (physical), MAC (medium access control), RLC (radio link control), PDCP (packet data convergence protocol), RRC (radio resource control), SDAP (service data adaptation protocol)). One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may generate PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information to one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b. One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein.

[0353] One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or microcomputers. One or more processors 1202a and 1202b may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs) or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 1202a and 1202b. The description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, processes, functions, etc. The firmware or software configured to perform the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed herein may be included in one or more processors 1202a and 1202b or stored in one or more memories 1204a and 1204b to be driven by one or more processors 1202a and 1202b. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein may be implemented in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets using firmware or software.

[0354] One or more memories 1204a and 1204b may be connected to one or more processors 1202a and 1202b to store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 1204a and 1204b may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 1204a and 1204b may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 1202a and 1202b. In addition, one or more memories 1204a and 1204b may be connected to one or more processors 1202a and 1202b by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0355] One or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may send user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. described in the method and / or operation flow chart of the present disclosure to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. described in the method and / or operation flow chart of the present disclosure from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may be connected to one or more processors 1202a and 1202b to send / receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 1202a and 1202b may perform control so that one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b send user data, control information or radio signals to one or more other devices. In addition, one or more processors 1202a and 1202b may perform control so that one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may be connected to one or more antennas 1208a and 1208b, and one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may be configured to send / receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. described in the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flow charts disclosed herein through one or more antennas 1208a and 1208b. In the present disclosure, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so as to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 1202a and 1202b. One or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels processed using one or more processors 1202a and 1202b from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 1206a and 1206b may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0356] Structure of wireless device applicable to the present disclosure

[0357] Fig.13 is a diagram showing another example of a wireless device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0358] Reference Fig.13 , the wireless device 1300 may correspond to Fig.12The wireless devices 1200a and 1200b of the present invention may include various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, the wireless device 1300 may include a communication unit 1310, a control unit (controller) 1320, a memory unit (memory) 1330 and an additional component 1340. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 1312 and a transceiver 1314. For example, the communication circuit 1312 may include Fig.12 One or more processors 1202a and 1202b and / or one or more memories 1204a and 1204b. For example, the transceiver 1314 may include Fig.12 The control unit 1320 may be electrically connected to the communication unit 1310, the memory unit 1330, and the additional components 1340 to control the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 1320 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / instruction / information stored in the memory unit 1330. In addition, the control unit 1320 may use the communication unit 1310 to send the information stored in the memory unit 1330 to the outside (e.g., another communication device) through the wireless / wired interface, or use the communication unit 1310 to store information received from the outside (e.g., another communication device) in the memory unit 1330 through the wireless / wired interface.

[0359] The additional component 1340 may be configured differently depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional component 1340 may include at least one of a power supply unit / battery, an input / output unit, a drive unit, or a computing unit. The wireless device 1300 may be implemented in the form of a robot, a vehicle, an XR device, a handheld device, a home appliance, an IoT device, a digital broadcast terminal, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a FinTech device (financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device, a base station, a network node, etc., but is not limited thereto. Depending on the use case / service, the wireless device may be mobile or may be used at a fixed location.

[0360] exist Fig.13In the wireless device 1300, various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless device 1300 may be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least some of them may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 1310. For example, in the wireless device 1300, the control unit 1320 and the communication unit 1310 may be wired, and the control unit 1320 and another component may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 1310. In addition, the various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules of the wireless device 1300 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 1320 may be composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 1320 may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. In another example, the memory unit 1330 may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0361] Handheld device suitable for the present disclosure

[0362] Fig.14 is a diagram showing an example of a handheld device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0363] Fig.14 A handheld device suitable for the present disclosure is shown. The handheld device may include a smart phone, a smart tablet, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a handheld computer (e.g., a laptop computer, etc.). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

[0364] Reference Fig.14 , the handheld device 1400 may include an antenna unit (antenna) 1408, a communication unit (transceiver) 1410, a control unit (controller) 1420, a memory unit (memory) 1430, a power supply unit (power supply) 1440a, an interface unit (interface) 1440b, and an input / output unit 1440c. The antenna unit (antenna) 1408 may be a part of the communication unit 1410. Blocks 1410 to 1430 / 1440a to 1440c may correspond to Fig.13 Blocks 1310 to 1330 / 1340.

[0365] The communication unit 1410 may send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to other wireless devices or base stations. The control unit 1420 may control the components of the handheld device 1400 to perform various operations. The control unit 1420 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 1430 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions required to drive the handheld device 1400. In addition, the memory unit 1430 may store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit 1440a may supply power to the handheld device 1400 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 1440b may support the connection between the handheld device 1400 and another external device. The interface unit 1440b may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports and video input / output ports) for connecting to an external device. The input / output unit 1440c may receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or user input information. The input / output unit 1440c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display 1440d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0366] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit 1440c may obtain user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video) from the user and store the user input information / signals in the memory unit 1430. The communication unit 1410 may convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and directly send the converted radio signals to another wireless device or send the converted radio signals to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 1410 may receive a radio signal from another wireless device or a base station, and then restore the received radio signal to the original information / signal. The restored information / signal may be stored in the memory unit 1430 and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, and tactile) through the input / output unit 1440c.

[0367] Types of wireless devices suitable for the present disclosure

[0368] Fig.15 is a diagram showing an example of a car or an autonomous driving car applicable to the present disclosure.

[0369] Fig.15 A car or an autonomous car applicable to the present disclosure is shown. The car or the autonomous car can be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc., and the type of the car is not limited.

[0370] Reference Fig.15, the car or autonomous driving car 1500 may include an antenna unit (antenna) 1508, a communication unit (transceiver) 1510, a control unit (controller) 1520, a driving unit 1540a, a power supply unit (power supply) 1540b, a sensor unit 1540c and an autonomous driving unit 1540d. The antenna unit 1550 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 1510. Blocks 1510 / 1530 / 1540a to 1540d correspond to Fig.14 Blocks 1410 / 1430 / 1440.

[0371] The communication unit 1510 may send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as another vehicle, a base station (e.g., a base station, a roadside unit, etc.), and a server. The control unit 1520 may control the elements of the automobile or the autonomous driving car 1500 to perform various operations. The control unit 1520 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 1540a may drive the automobile or the autonomous driving car 1500 on the ground. The drive unit 1540a may include an engine, a motor, a power system, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 1540b may supply power to the automobile or the autonomous driving car 1500, and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 1540c may obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 1540c may include an inertial navigation unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a tilt sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a location module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lighting sensor, a brake pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving sensor 1540d may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling a speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for automatically driving a car along a predetermined route, a technology for automatically setting a route and driving a car when a destination is set, etc.

[0372] For example, the communication unit 1510 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 1540d may generate an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 1520 may control the drive unit 1540a (e.g., speed / direction control) so that the car or the autonomous driving car 1500 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan. During autonomous driving, the communication unit 1510 may aperiodically / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring cars. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 1540c may acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 1540d may update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 1510 may send information such as vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to an external server. The external server may predict traffic information data based on information collected from the car or autonomous driving car using AI technology, etc., and provide the predicted traffic information data to the car or autonomous driving car.

[0373] Fig.16 is a diagram showing an example of a motorized device applicable to the present disclosure.

[0374] Reference Fig.16 , the mobile equipment applied to the present disclosure can be implemented as at least one of a vehicle, a train, an aircraft or a ship. In addition, the mobile equipment applied to the present disclosure can be implemented in other forms, not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0375] At this time, refer to Fig.16 , the mobile device 1600 may include a communication unit (transceiver) 1610, a control unit (controller) 1620, a memory unit (memory) 1630, an input / output unit 1640a, and a positioning unit 1640b. Here, blocks 1610 to 1630 / 1640a to 1640b may correspond to Fig.13 Blocks 1310 to 1330 / 1340.

[0376] The communication unit 1610 may send and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from an external device such as another mobile device or a base station. The control unit 1620 may control the components of the mobile device 1600 to perform various operations. The memory unit 1630 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions for supporting various functions of the mobile device 1600. The input / output unit 1640a may output AR / VR objects based on the information in the memory unit 1630. The input / output unit 1640a may include a HUD. The positioning unit 1640b may obtain the location information of the mobile device 1600. The location information may include the absolute location information of the mobile device 1600, the location information in the driving route, the acceleration information, the location information of the neighboring vehicles, etc. The positioning unit 1640b may include a global positioning system (GPS) and various sensors.

[0377] For example, the communication unit 1610 of the mobile device 1600 may receive map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and store the map information, traffic information, etc. in the memory unit 1630. The positioning unit 1640b may obtain the mobile device location information through GPS and various sensors and store the mobile device location information in the memory unit 1630. The control unit 1620 may generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, mobile device location information, etc., and the input / output unit 1640a may display the generated virtual object in the glass window (1651 and 1652). In addition, the control unit 1620 may determine whether the mobile device 1600 is driving normally in the driving route based on the mobile device location information. When the mobile device 1600 deviates abnormally from the driving route, the control unit 1620 may display a warning on the glass window of the mobile device through the input / output unit 1640a. In addition, the control unit 1620 may broadcast a warning message of driving abnormality to neighboring mobile devices through the communication unit 1610. Depending on the situation, the control unit 1620 may send the location information of the motor vehicle and information about driving / motor vehicle abnormalities to relevant agencies through the communication unit 1610 .

[0378] Fig.17 is a diagram showing an example of an XR device applicable to the present disclosure. The XR device may be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0379] Reference Fig.17, the XR device 1700a may include a communication unit (transceiver) 1710, a control unit (controller) 1720, a memory unit (memory) 1730, an input / output unit 1740a, a sensor unit 1740b, and a power supply unit (power supply) 1740c. Here, blocks 1710 to 1730 / 1740a to 1740c may correspond to Fig.13 Blocks 1310 to 1330 / 1340.

[0380] The communication unit 1710 may send and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) to and from an external device such as another wireless device, a handheld device, or a media server. The media data may include video, images, sounds, etc. The control unit 1720 may control the components of the XR device 1700a to perform various operations. For example, the control unit 1720 may be configured to control and / or perform processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation, and processing. The memory unit 1730 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions required to drive the XR device 1700a or generate an XR object.

[0381] The input / output unit 1740a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside and output the generated XR object. The input / output unit 1740a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display, a speaker, and / or a tactile module. The sensor unit 1740b may obtain the XR device state, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 1740b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an inertial sensor, a red, green, and blue (RGB) sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a finger scan sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar. The power supply unit 1740c may supply power to the XR device 1700a and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

[0382] For example, the memory unit 1730 of the XR device 1700a may include information (e.g., data, etc.) required to generate an XR object (e.g., an AR / VR / MR object). The input / output unit 1740a may obtain instructions for manipulating the XR device 1700a from the user, and the control unit 1720 may drive the XR device 1700a according to the user's driving instructions. For example, when the user wants to watch a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 1700a, the control unit 1720 may send content request information to another device (e.g., the handheld device 1700b) or a media server through the communication unit 1730. The communication unit 1730 may download / stream content such as a movie or news from another device (e.g., the handheld device 1700b) or a media server to the memory unit 1730. The control unit 1720 can control and / or perform processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, metadata generation / processing, etc. for content, and generate / output XR objects based on information about the surrounding space or real objects acquired through the input / output unit 1740a or the sensor unit 1740b.

[0383] In addition, the XR device 1700a can be wirelessly connected to the handheld device 1700b through the communication unit 1710, and the operation of the XR device 1700a can be controlled by the handheld device 1700b. For example, the handheld device 1700b can operate as a controller of the XR device 1700a. To this end, the XR device 1700a can obtain the three-dimensional position information of the handheld device 1700b, and then generate and output the XR object corresponding to the handheld device 1700b.

[0384] Fig.18 is a diagram showing an example of a robot applicable to the present disclosure. For example, robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. according to the purpose or field of use. Fig.18 , the robot 1800 may include a communication unit (transceiver) 1810, a control unit (controller) 1820, a memory unit (memory) 1830, an input / output unit 1840a, a sensor unit 1840b, and a drive unit 1840c. Here, blocks 1810 to 1830 / 1840a to 1840c may correspond to Fig.13 Blocks 1310 to 1330 / 1340.

[0385] The communication unit 1810 may send and receive signals (e.g., drive information, control signals, etc.) to and from an external device such as another wireless device, another robot, or a control server. The control unit 1820 may control components of the robot 1800 to perform various operations. The memory unit 1830 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions that support various functions of the robot 1800. The input / output unit 1840a may acquire information from the outside of the robot 1800 and output information to the outside of the robot 1800. The input / output unit 1840a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0386] The sensor unit 1840b may obtain internal information of the robot 1800, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 1840b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an infrared (IR) sensor, a finger scan sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar.

[0387] The drive unit 1840c can perform various physical operations, such as movement of the robot joints. In addition, the drive unit 1840c can make the robot 1800 travel on the ground or fly in the air. The drive unit 1840c may include an actuator, a motor, a wheel, a brake, a propeller, etc.

[0388] Fig.19 is a diagram showing an example of a network node applicable to the present disclosure. Fig.19 The structure of a network node in which a base station is divided into a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) is illustrated by way of example.

[0389] Reference Fig.19 , base stations 1920 and 1930 may be connected to the core network 1910, and base station 1930 may be connected to a neighboring base station 1920. For example, an interface between base stations 1920 and 1930 and the core network 1910 may be referred to as NG, and an interface between base station 1930 and a neighboring base station 1920 may be referred to as Xn.

[0390] The base station 1930 may be divided into a CU 1932 and DUs 1934 and 1936. That is, the base station 1930 may be operated by being divided into layers. The CU 1932 may be connected to one or more DUs 1934 and 1936, for example, the interface between the CU 1932 and the DUs 1934 and 1936 may be referred to as F1. The CU 1932 may perform the functions of the upper layer of the base station, and the DUs 1934 and 1936 may perform the functions of the lower layer of the base station. For example, the CU 1932 may be a logical node of the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers of the hosting base station (e.g., gNB), and the DUs 1934 and 1936 may be logical nodes of the radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC), and physical layers of the hosting base station. Alternatively, the CU 1932 may be a logical node of the RRC and PDCP layers of the hosting base station (e.g., En-gNB).

[0391] The operation of the DUs 1934 and 1936 may be partially controlled by the CU 1932. One DU 1934 and 1936 may support one or more cells. One cell may be supported by only one DU 1934 and 1936. One DU 1934 and 1936 may be connected to one CU 1932, and one DU 1934 and 1936 may be connected to a plurality of CUs by an appropriate implementation.

[0392] V2X

[0393] Supporting communication between cars and people, and between cars and servers, V2X aims to support more efficient and safer use of transportation. 3GPP defines V2X technology as supported in LTE and NR-based systems.

[0394] V2X communication can use Uu interface and PC5 interface, and PC5 interface (also called side link) is more important, especially for vehicles. Since vehicles tend to be constantly moving, frequently communicate in areas beyond the boundaries of base stations, and also exchange a lot of data for safety purposes, PC5 with smaller latency has more advantages than Uu.

[0395] Due to privacy requirements, the identifiers (e.g., application layer ID, source layer 2 ID, IP address / prefix) used for unicast mode of V2X communication over the PC4 reference point may change over time. Therefore, to prevent service disruption, a link identifier update procedure may be used to update peer UEs associated with unicast links facing an upcoming change in the identifier used for the link before the identifier change occurs. In the event that a UE has multiple unicast links using multiple identical application layer IDs or layer 2 IDs, the UE needs to perform a link identifier update procedure for each unicast link.

[0396] Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a link identifier update process applicable to the present disclosure. Fig. 20 An example is given of a link identifier update process for a unicast link.

[0397] Reference Fig. 20 In step S2001, UE-1 and UE-2 have a unicast link established according to a predetermined procedure. That is, UE-1 and UE-2 perform communication through the unicast link.

[0398] In step S2003, UE-1 determines the change of the identifier and sends a link identifier update request message to UE-2. In other words, UE-1 sends a link identifier update request message before the ID changes. For example, the change of the identifier may be determined due to a change in the application layer ID or according to the expiration of a timer. Herein, the link identifier update request message may include a new identifier to be used. The new identifier may include a new application layer ID, a new layer 2 ID, a new IP address / prefix. When IP communication is used, a new IP address / prefix may be included. The new identifier may be encrypted to protect privacy. Herein, the timer is driven according to each source layer 2 ID.

[0399] In step S2005, UE-2 responds with a link identifier update response message. When the link identifier update response message is received, UE-1 and UE-2 begin to use the new identifier for data services. Before receiving the link identifier update response message from UE-2, UE-1 can use the previous layer 2ID to receive services. The V2X layer of each UE passes the PC5 link identifier and the updated layer 2ID of the unicast link (for example, the destination layer 2ID in the case of UE-2 and the source layer 2ID in the case of UE-1) to the AS layer. This enables the AS layer to update the layer 2ID provided for the unicast link.

[0400] Specific embodiments of the present disclosure

[0401] In the case of using the PC5 interface, each terminal can receive the PC5 interface. Since the Uu interface tells each terminal when to use uplink radio resources and when to use downlink radio resources, the terminal only needs to monitor the radio resources allocated to the terminal. However, in the case of the PC5 interface, it is unknown when the neighboring terminal actually sends data, and due to the characteristics of the V2X application, especially in view of security, it is preferably ready to receive information from any neighboring terminal (e.g., vehicle). Due to this feature, when a user with malicious intent constantly monitors the PC5 interface, especially when the vehicle always uses the same identifier, the vehicle may be easily tracked, which is not preferred in terms of security. Therefore, the V2X application enables each vehicle to change its identifier periodically or randomly. Therefore, some vehicles can be prevented from tracking another vehicle.

[0402] According to an embodiment, the terminal may operate as follows.

[0403] The terminal can perform connection establishment with other terminals according to the request of the application. A terminal (e.g., terminal A) and another terminal (e.g., terminal B) can establish a bearer and can use the established bearer to send and / or receive data using direct communication between terminals (similar to the PC5 interface). For purposes such as privacy protection, the terminal can recognize that the layer 2 ID needs to be changed, and terminal A can start the process of changing the layer 2 ID.

[0404] To this end, terminal A may generate a link identifier update request message and send the link identifier update request message to terminal B. In this case, in order to apply the new layer 2ID simultaneously with terminal B, terminal A may additionally specify a specific time (hereinafter referred to as "reconfiguration time") using a time reference value managed in a PC5 interface between terminal A and terminal B, and may also include information related to the specific time in the link identifier update request message.

[0405] Terminal B that receives the link identifier update request message can identify the change of the terminal's identifier based on the content of the link identifier update request message, store the information included in the link identifier update request message, and if the identifier of terminal B needs to be updated, generate a link identifier update response message including the identifier of terminal B, and send the link identifier update response message to terminal A.

[0406] In the case where the link identifier update request message received from the terminal A includes the reconfiguration time information, the terminal B may determine whether the terminal B can accept the reconfiguration time. For example, in the case where a security key associated with the update of the identifier should be newly generated, a predetermined processing time is required, and thus a change in the lower layer may be required. Therefore, as an example, in the case where the message is received too late, that is, in the case where the reconfiguration of each item according to the update of the identifier cannot be completed within the activation time, the terminal B may determine that the reconfiguration time cannot be accepted. As another example, in the case where the terminal B has multiple links to many other terminals at the same time, if another terminal different from the terminal A requesting the update of the identifier is in progress, the terminal B may determine that the reconfiguration of the identifier and the related items cannot be completed within the recommended time as required.

[0407] In the case where the link identifier update request message received from terminal A includes reconfiguration time information and terminal B is able to apply the new identifier at the corresponding time, terminal B may include the reconfiguration time with the same value in the link identifier update response message or include an indication for confirming the reconfiguration time in the link identifier update response message.

[0408] On the other hand, in the case where the link identifier update request message received from terminal A includes reconfiguration time information and terminal B cannot apply the new identifier at the corresponding time, terminal B may include information about the time when the changed context can be applied (i.e., the new reconfiguration time) in the link identifier update response message, or may send a link identifier update rejection message instead of the link identifier update response message. The cause value included in the link identifier update rejection message may include information about the inability to make changes in the reconfiguration time.

[0409] After receiving the link identifier update response message from terminal B, terminal A may operate as follows: Terminal A checks the reconfiguration time included in the link identifier update response message and identifies whether the reconfiguration time is the same as the value previously transmitted by terminal A through the link identifier update request message.

[0410] In the case where the reconfiguration time included in the link identifier update response message is the same as the reconfiguration time included in the link identifier update request message, terminal A can perform sending and receiving using the layer 2 ID currently used by terminal A and terminal B until the reconfiguration time, and can continue sending and receiving using the new layer 2 ID after the reconfiguration time.

[0411] On the other hand, in the case where the reconfiguration time included in the link identifier update response message is different from the reconfiguration time included in the link identifier update request message and terminal A can support the reconfiguration time newly proposed by terminal B, terminal A may perform transmission and reception using the layer 2 ID currently used by terminal A and terminal B until the reconfiguration time, and may perform transmission and reception after the reconfiguration time using the new layer 2 ID of terminal A and terminal B. In this case, in addition, terminal A may transmit to terminal B information that terminal A accepts the reconfiguration time value proposed by terminal B.

[0412] Terminal A may receive a link identifier update rejection message or other information from terminal B. In this case, terminal A may notify terminal B of the new reconfiguration time by specifying or sending a new reconfiguration time value, or may cancel the link identifier update process.

[0413] In addition, during the above process, terminal A may drive a timer when sending a link identifier update request message. If terminal A does not receive a link identifier update response message from terminal B before the timer expires, terminal A may determine that the link identifier update process has failed. In this case, terminal A may suspend the link identifier update process, or may consider that there is a problem in the unicast link with terminal B. Therefore, terminal A may perform an operation of re-establishing a unicast link with terminal B or perform an operation of releasing a unicast link with terminal B.

[0414] During the above process, each terminal may operate as follows when changing to a new ID. For the ongoing HARQ process, each terminal may continue to use the current ID and process successfully received MAC PDUs based on the context of the relevant link. In addition, for data received in connection with the ongoing HARQ process, each terminal may perform decoding using security parameters based on the previous ID. Then, for the new HARQ process, each terminal may use only the new ID and apply new security parameters.

[0415] According to the above operation, the terminal can prevent data loss occurring in the process of changing the link identifier. In this process, the PC5-S entity for managing the link identifier can enable at least one of MAC, RLC and PDCP to be fully reestablished by subsequently forwarding information to PC5-RRC.

[0416] According to an embodiment, the terminal may operate as follows.

[0417] The terminal can perform connection establishment with other terminals according to the request of the application. A terminal (e.g., terminal A) can establish a bearer with another terminal (e.g., terminal B) and can use the established bearer to send and / or receive data using a direct communication interface (similar to a PC5 interface) between the terminals. In the following description, the layer 2ID of terminal A is referred to as ID A1, the layer 2ID of terminal B is referred to as ID B1, and the PC5 link between the two terminals is referred to as link K. Herein, the physical layer can only process data received in link K according to a schedule associated with a combination of A1 and B1. For purposes similar to privacy protection, the terminal can recognize that the layer 2ID needs to be changed. Therefore, terminal A can start the process of changing the layer 2-ID.

[0418] To this end, terminal A generates a link identifier update request message and sends the link identifier update request message to terminal B. In addition, terminal A may notify the lower layer of ID A2.

[0419] When receiving the link identifier update request message, terminal B generates a link identifier update response message and sends the link identifier update response message to terminal A. In the following description, the newly forwarded layer 2 ID of terminal A is referred to as ID A2, and the newly forwarded layer 2 ID of terminal B is referred to as ID B2. Herein, the PC5-S layer of terminal B notifies the lower layer that ID A2 and IDB2 are added to the context information of link K. Next, the lower layer of terminal B may recognize data received based on the scheduling information associated with the ID combinations A1 / B1 and A2 / B2 as data associated with link K, and may process the data. For sending the link identifier update response message, the lower layer of terminal B may use A1 / B1 or A2 / B2 to send the relevant scheduling information.

[0420] Terminal A attempts to receive in the PC5 interface using the A1 / B1 or A2 / B1 combination. Therefore, if terminal A successfully receives the link identifier update response message sent by terminal B, terminal A notifies the lower layer of the new ID of terminal B, ID B2, included in the link identifier update response message. In order to process the data associated with the HARQ process associated with the combination of A1 / B1 or A2 / B1 during the ongoing HARQ process, the lower layer that received ID B2 may continue to use the scheduling combination of A1 / B1 or A2 / B1 until the HARQ process / buffer is refreshed, and may process the data successfully received in the RLC / PDCP of the corresponding link K. In another case, that is, in the case where the ID associated with receiving the subsequent new HARQ TB is not A2 / B2, the lower layer that received ID B2 may no longer associate the HARQ TB with link K. In addition, for the newly generated and subsequently sent data blocks, security based on the new key session ID and layer 2 ID may be applied. Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed, A1 / B1 may no longer be processed, and A1 and B1 may be removed from the context of link K.

[0421] After sending the link identifier update response message, terminal B attempts to receive based on the A1 / B1 or A2 / B2 combination. In the case of receiving data associated with the A2 / B2 combination, terminal B can determine that the link identifier update response message is successfully sent to terminal A and can operate as follows. For the HARQ process associated with the A1 / B1 combination during the ongoing HARQ process, terminal B continues to receive data based on A1 / B1 until the HARQ process / buffer is refreshed. In addition, terminal B can process the data successfully received in the RLC / PDCP of the corresponding link K. In another case, that is, when the ID associated with the subsequent transmission of the new HARQ TB is not A2 / B2, terminal B can no longer associate the HARQ TB with link K and remove A1 and B1 from the context of link K. In addition, for the subsequently newly sent data blocks, terminal B can apply security based on the new key session ID and layer 2 ID and apply the new security to the newly received data blocks.

[0422] According to the above operation, the terminal can prevent data loss that occurs during the process of changing the link identifier. In the above process, the PC5-S entity for managing the link identifier can operate to enable at least one layer of MAC, RLC and PDCP to be fully reestablished by subsequently forwarding information to PC5-RRC.

[0423] In the above process, during the process of applying new security according to the time of changing the ID, each security key, such as a key for encryption and a key for integrity, may be generated based on the ID of each terminal. Therefore, since the key is different before and after the ID change, the transmitting terminal may add an identifier (e.g., key ID) for indicating which key to use to the transmitted PDU.

[0424] In this process, according to the change of the security key, for example, if the PDCP SN is initialized, the receiving terminal should manage the order of the PDCP PDU. The receiving terminal performs decryption on the received PDCP PDU using security key set 1. Hereinafter, the key ID used in this document is referred to as ID 1. Next, a layer 2 ID update operation is performed. With respect to the security context generated by the layer 2 ID update operation, a new key ID may be indicated in the PDCP PDU header. Hereinafter, the new key ID is referred to as ID 2.

[0425] After receiving the link identifier update response message, terminal A encrypts the newly generated PDCP PDU using the new security context and sends the PDCP PDU. During this process, terminal A can change the key and key ID and use continuous values ​​for the SN. Next, the PDCP layer of terminal B confirms the key ID value associated with the received PDU. If the key ID of the received PDU is 1, terminal B decrypts the data using the previous security value. If the key ID of the received PDU is 2, terminal B decrypts the data using the new security value.

[0426] At this time, in the case where a PDU received using ID 2 appears, if the SN value of the PDU is the next SN value that the PDCP entity should receive, the terminal B processes the PDU and removes the security context associated with ID 1 from the PDCP entity. In the case where the SN value of the PDU is not the next SN value that the PDCP entity should receive and a PDU having an SN value smaller than the confirmed SN value is not received, the terminal B waits for the PDU until the reordering is completed. In this process, a timer may be used to prevent the PDCP entity from waiting indefinitely. When the timer expires, the security context corresponding to ID 1 is no longer used.

[0427] Alternatively, during this process, terminal A may additionally initialize the SN value while applying the security associated with ID 2 to the new PDU. Terminal B then performs a decryption operation based on the key ID of the received PDU. At this point, after completely receiving the data encrypted with ID 1, terminal B may expect to receive the data encrypted with ID 2. However, due to the operating characteristics of HARQ in the MAC layer, the order in which the PDUs are received may be different from that expected. For example, PDU#1 and PDU#2 are encrypted with ID 1 and PDU#3 is encrypted with ID 2, but the PDUs may be received in the order of PDU#1, PDU#3, and PDU#2.

[0428] In the case where the key ID of the received PDU is ID 2, the terminal B may use a separate reordering buffer to store the received PDU. Alternatively, the terminal B may postpone processing the received PDU until the reception of the PDU associated with ID 1 is completed, that is, the terminal B may process the PDU associated with ID 2 after a predetermined time has elapsed. Alternatively, the terminal B may complete the PDU reception operation associated with ID 1. For example, the terminal B may no longer wait to receive the PDU associated with ID 1, or even when the PDU associated with ID 1 is received, the terminal B may remove the PDU and immediately start processing the PDU associated with ID 2.

[0429] In the case where the key ID of the received PDU is ID 1, the terminal B may process the received PDU according to the existing operation and not process the PDUs further received after the predetermined time. In this process, the terminal A may notify the last PDU using ID 1, or the terminal A may use the PDCP control PDU, etc. to stop processing ID 1 and indicate whether to process the PDU of ID 2. For example, the terminal A may notify the last SN number transmitted using ID 1. For example, in the case where the last SN number is 7, if the terminal B receives all PDUs with SN 7 using ID 1, the terminal B may immediately start processing the PDUs received with ID 2.

[0430] According to another embodiment, while the terminal is communicating with another terminal using the PC5 interface, in order to change the environment by synchronization, the terminal controls the change through the physical control channel of the side link. For example, by sending a command in a physical channel for sending resource allocation scheduling in the side link by the terminal and receiving it by the other terminal, the terminals can be synchronized with each other at the same time, for example, a new identifier and a new security value can be applied.

[0431] Fig.21 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of changing an identifier associated with a side link in a device applicable to the present disclosure. Fig.21 An operation method for a first device to perform side link communication with a second device is illustrated by way of example.

[0432] Reference Fig.21 In step S2101, the first device performs communication through a link established between the first device and the second device. Herein, the link may include a unicast link for direct communication (i.e., sidelink communication). That is, the first device may send data to the second device or receive data through the link for unicast.

[0433] In step S2103, the first device sends a first message for requesting to update an identifier associated with the link. The identifier may be a parameter for processing scheduling information, data, etc. associated with the link, and may include, for example, at least one of an application layer ID, a layer 2 ID, and a security key ID. The first message includes information related to the value of at least one new identifier. Herein, the at least one new identifier is related to at least one of an identifier of the first device to be updated (e.g., a layer 2 ID) and an identifier shared by the first device and the second device (e.g., an encryption-related ID). The first message may be referred to as a link identifier update request message.

[0434] At step S2105, the first device receives a second message in response to the first message. The second message includes information related to the value of at least one new identifier. Herein, the at least one new identifier is related to at least one of an identifier of the first device to be updated (e.g., a layer 2 ID), an identifier of the second device to be updated (e.g., a layer 2 ID), and an identifier shared by the first device and the second device (e.g., an encryption-related ID). The second message may be referred to as a link identifier update response message.

[0435] Based on reference Fig.21 The operations described above can clearly understand the corresponding operations of the second device communicating with the first device. Fig.21 Corresponding to the operation, the second device can perform side link communication with the first device through a link for unicast, receive a first message from the first device and send a second message to the first device.

[0436] Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of re-establishing a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer in an apparatus applicable to the present disclosure. Fig. 22 An operation method of a first device performing side link communication with a second device is exemplified.

[0437] Reference Fig. 22In step S2201, the first device performs a parameter update process associated with the link established between the first device and the second device. Herein, the first device may be one of a device requesting an update of parameters or a device accepting an update. To this end, the first device may send and / or receive at least one message for updating parameters to / from the second device. For example, the parameter includes at least one identifier associated with the link. The at least one identifier may include an identifier associated with the first device, an identifier associated with the second device, and an identifier shared by both the first device and the second device. Specifically, the at least one identifier includes at least one of a layer 2 ID and a security-related ID.

[0438] In step S2203, the device re-establishes the PDCP layer based on the update of the parameter. The device may include a higher-layer entity (e.g., PC5-S entity) for managing the updated parameter (e.g., identifier) ​​and a lower-layer entity (e.g., PDCP entity) for managing the PDCP layer. In this case, the upper-layer entity may request or indicate the change of the identifier to the PDCP entity, and thus the re-establishment of the PDCP entity may be performed. That is, the device may re-establish the PDCP entity.

[0439] Fig.23 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process of changing an identifier associated with a side link by considering an application time of a new identifier in a device applicable to the present disclosure. Fig.23 An operation method of a first device performing side link communication with a second device is exemplified.

[0440] Reference Fig.23 In step S2301, the first device determines to update the identifier associated with the link from the first ID to the second ID. Herein, the link is intended to perform side link communication based on unicast, and the identifier may include at least one of an application layer ID, a layer 2 ID, and a security key ID.

[0441] In step S2303, the first device sends a first message including information related to the second ID and a reconfiguration time. The reconfiguration time indicates the application time of the second ID. The reconfiguration time can be expressed as an absolute time value or a relative time value, and the unit of the value can be a time or resource unit (e.g., a subframe, a frame, a time slot, a TTI, etc.).

[0442] In step S2305, the first device receives a second message indicating whether to accept the reconfiguration time. The second message includes information related to whether to accept the reconfiguration time requested by the first device. The information related to whether to accept the requested reconfiguration time may include an indicator telling yes or no, or may be defined in the same form as the information related to the reconfiguration time included in the first message.

[0443] In step S2307, the device identifies whether the reconfiguration times of the first message and the second message are identical to each other. In the case where the information regarding whether to accept the requested reconfiguration time is defined in the same form as the information regarding the reconfiguration time included in the first message, whether the second device accepts the reconfiguration time requested by the first device may be indicated based on whether the value included in the first message and the value included in the second message are identical to each other. Therefore, the first device checks whether the values ​​are identical to each other. On the other hand, in the case where the information regarding whether to accept the requested reconfiguration time is defined in the form of an indicator, this step S2307 may be replaced by an operation in which the first device identifies whether the indicator is set to a positive value.

[0444] If the reconfiguration times of the first message and the second message are different from each other, then in step S2309, the first device determines whether the reconfiguration time included in the second message is acceptable. In other words, the first device determines whether the second ID is applicable at the reconfiguration time requested by the second device. For example, by considering the expected time of reconfiguring the identifier and processing subsequent operations and ongoing processes associated with another device other than the second device, the device can determine whether it can complete the necessary processing and apply the new second ID before the requested reconfiguration time. Herein, if the reconfiguration time included in the second message is unacceptable, the first device completes the process. Then, if necessary, the process of updating the identifier can be performed again.

[0445] If the reconfiguration times of the first message and the second message are the same as each other, or even if the reconfiguration times are not the same, if the reconfiguration time requested by the second device is acceptable, the first device uses the second ID from the reconfiguration time in step S2311. In other words, the first device can process data associated with the link using the first ID before the reconfiguration time, and can process data associated with the link using the second ID after the reconfiguration time. Fig.24 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a process of controlling a context of a link according to a state of a HARQ process in a device applicable to the present disclosure. Fig.24 An operation method of a first device performing side link communication with a second device is exemplified.

[0446] Reference Fig.24 In step S2401, the first device performs a process of updating an identifier associated with the link from a first ID to a second ID. Herein, the first device may be one of a device requesting an update of a parameter or a device accepting an update. To this end, the first device may send and / or receive at least one message for updating a parameter to / from the second device. Thus, the first device may process a data block (e.g., a security application) associated with the second ID based on the second ID.

[0447] In step S2403, the first device identifies whether the HARQ process associated with the first ID is ended. That is, the first device identifies whether there is a HARQ process associated with the identifier value before the update. The HARQ process may end when the decoding of the data block is successful or the number of retransmissions exceeds the maximum number of retransmissions.

[0448] If the HARQ process associated with the first ID ends, the first device removes the first ID from the context of the link in step S2405. That is, since all data associated with the first ID is processed, the first device removes information related to the first ID.

[0449] Otherwise, the HARQ process associated with the first ID is not ended, and in step S2407, the first device identifies whether the data block associated with the first ID is received. That is, the first device identifies whether the data block associated with the first ID is received while maintaining the HARQ process associated with the first ID.

[0450] If a data block associated with the first ID is received, then in step S2409, the first device uses the protocol stack of the link to process the data block. The first device can decode the data based on the current HARQ process, and if the decoding is successful, the RCL layer and PDCP layer of the corresponding link can be used to process the decoded data. Next, the first device returns to step S2403.

[0451] Since the examples of the above-mentioned proposed methods may also be included in one of the implementation methods of the present disclosure, it is obvious that they may be regarded as a proposed method. In addition, the above-mentioned proposed methods may be implemented individually or in a combination (or merger) of some of them. A rule may be defined so that information on whether to apply the proposed method (or information on the rule of the proposed method) is notified from the base station to the terminal through a predefined signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or an upper layer signal).

[0452] Without departing from the technical concept and basic features described in the present disclosure, the present disclosure may be specifically implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be interpreted as limiting in all aspects, but should be considered as illustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determined by the reasonable interpretation of the attached claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, claims that do not have a clear reference relationship in the claims may be combined to form an embodiment or included as a new claim by modification after submission.

[0453] Industrial Applicability

[0454] The embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various wireless access systems. As examples of various wireless access systems, there are 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP2, and the like.

[0455] The embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable not only to various wireless access systems, but also to all technical fields utilizing various wireless access systems. In addition, the proposed method can be applied to mmWave and THz communication systems using very high frequencies.

[0456] Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various applications like autonomous cars and drones.

Claims

1. A method for operating a user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: performing communication via a link established between the UE and another UE; Sending a first message for requesting to update an identifier of the link; receiving a second message in response to the first message; as well as re-establishing a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity of the UE based on the update of the identifier, The first message includes information related to the time when the new identifier starts to be applied.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The PDCP entity is reestablished based on indicating a change of the identifier from an upper layer of the UE.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first message includes a new identifier of the UE for the link, and The second message includes a new identifier of the second UE for the link.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The identifier includes at least one of a layer 2 identifier ID and a security key ID.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The links include unicast links for sidelink communications.

6. A user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, the UE comprising: Transceiver; as well as at least one processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to: performing communication via a link established between the UE and another UE; Sending, by the transceiver, a first message for requesting to update an identifier of the link; receiving, by the transceiver, a second message in response to the first message; and re-establishing a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) entity of the UE based on the update of the identifier, The first message includes information related to the time when the new identifier starts to be applied.

7. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The PDCP entity is reestablished based on indicating a change of the identifier from an upper layer of the UE.

8. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The first message includes a new identifier of the first UE for the link, and The second message includes a new identifier of the second UE for the link.

9. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The identifier includes at least one of a layer 2 identifier ID and a security key ID.

10. The UE according to claim 6, wherein: The links include unicast links for sidelink communications.

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