Three-dimensional visualization method and system for seismic data acquisition shot well depth design

Abstract

The application discloses a three-dimensional visualization method for seismic data acquisition and shot well depth design, and comprises the following steps: classifying velocity layers of surface lithology sedimentary layers according to a plurality of micro-logging data, corresponding the velocity layers to geological lithology layers, constructing a geological body velocity layered model by using a borehole-section semi-automatic modeling technology and an interpolation method; importing aerial oblique photography data into the geological body velocity layered model to generate a 3D fusion model of velocity+depth+surface image with surface elevation data; importing a well depth column designed to be shot in a high-speed layer into the 3D fusion model, checking and adjusting the bottom depth of the designed shot well depth column in the 3D fusion model, so that the bottom depth is located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model. The three-in-one surface structure model of velocity+depth+surface image is established, three-dimensional visualization analysis is realized, and shot well depth design and shot effect analysis are greatly simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum seismic exploration, and in particular to a three-dimensional visualization method and system for designing well depths by stimulating seismic data acquisition. Background Technology

[0002] The activation depth of seismic data acquisition has a significant impact on the quality of the acquired data, and the conclusions of well depth tests serve as the standard for activation depth design. After seismic drilling is completed, explosives are dropped into the well using a shovel; the location where the explosives are dropped is called the activation depth. The surrounding rock velocity and lithology at the activation depth are the main selection factors for well depth design. Based on well depth parameter tests, activation is typically chosen a few meters below the top interface of the high-velocity layer in the surface structure. Generally, well depth design requires avoiding low-velocity layers and deceleration layers, and selecting activation within high-velocity layers. In mountainous areas, activation is typically chosen below the top interface of the high-velocity layer (3m, 5m, 7m, 9m, ...). Figure 1 Choose 5m); in desert areas and hilly areas, choose below the water table (3m, 5m, 7m, 9m, ...) to excite ( Figure 2 (Select 5m). When there is a water table in the surface structure, it is necessary to ensure that the explosive is detonated below the water table. In most areas, the water table is the top interface of the high-speed layer.

[0003] Before drilling for large-scale 3D seismic data acquisition, a micro-logging surface structure survey with uniformly distributed grids is conducted (e.g., Figure 3 (As shown).

[0004] The system collects raw data such as drilling depth at each microlobe point, first arrival time of the waves excited from the depth points in the well to the fixed geophones at the surface, recorded lithology, and detected water table. Then, through processing and interpretation, it obtains surface structure data for each microlobe point, including low-velocity layer, decreasing velocity layer, secondary decreasing velocity layer, high-velocity layer, as well as the burial depth of the top interface of the water table and drilling logging lithology.

[0005] Currently, well depth design is performed using an Excel spreadsheet method. Interpolation is performed a few meters (determined experimentally) below the top interface of the high-speed formation in both two-dimensional longitudinal and two-dimensional transverse directions to obtain the well depth design value for each drilling point. Figure 4 The image shows the distribution of shot points. When designing the firing depth, since only Excel graphs can be used to display the design data, only the following can be shown: Figure 5 The accuracy of the designed well depth is checked using the designed well depth curve. In practice, it is... Figure 6 The approach involves directly combining the low-speed layer and the deceleration layer into a low-deceleration layer (low-speed layer + deceleration layer), reducing modeling difficulty and eliminating the need for... Figure 5 The red dots and line segments related to the deceleration layer (often micrologging points where the deceleration layer is missing) simplify the case to consider only the thickness and ignore the change in velocity.

[0006] Well depth design methods based on Excel spreadsheets are problematic when dealing with tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of well depth locations. Since Excel lacks intuitive 3D visualization, checking the design results becomes extremely difficult. Human errors (such as improper interpolation methods or calculations) may not be identified in a timely manner. Relying on repeated manual checks and confirmations to ensure the accuracy of the designed well depth is also impractical, as it is neither economical nor efficient, as it wastes manpower and lacks precision.

[0007] Previously, when evaluating the quality of collected data, it was only possible to generate data using Surf software. After determining the depth-velocity (h, v) of all micrologging survey points (x, y) in the entire project (work area), the Kriging interpolation method was used to obtain the depth-velocity top interface of the high-velocity layer in the entire work area. Figure 7 ), Plan view of low velocity drop layer thickness (water level depth) Figure 8 If a single-shot record quality analysis parameter related to the quality of a particular excitation point is missing, then six parameters related to surface elevation, surface lithology, low-velocity layer thickness, low-velocity layer velocity, decreasing velocity layer thickness, decreasing velocity layer velocity, low-decreasing velocity layer thickness, high-velocity layer velocity, and water table depth will be missing. This would make the data analysis less convincing.

[0008] With the application of drone aerial photography and satellite imagery, detailed analysis of the impact of surface factors (such as farmland, saline-alkali land, urban areas, loess, sandy land, fishponds, mountains, and ditches) on seismic data quality has begun to receive attention. Previously, the lack of vectorized data displaying corresponding surface image coordinates led to a disconnect between the analysis of excitation effects at excitation points and the analysis of surface characteristics (corresponding coordinates required manual assistance to find, making accurate comparison difficult). The absence of a three-dimensional geological (low-, low-, and high-velocity layers)-attribute (low-, low-, and high-velocity layers' velocity) model limited the ability to comprehensively assess and guide the overall excitation effects in the work area. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a visualized three-dimensional surface structure data volume capable of rapid comprehensive comparison and interpretation analysis. A three-dimensional geological-attribute model containing information on lithology, velocity, thickness, and surface conditions is needed to meet the demands of data quality analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that the design of excitation well depth in seismic data acquisition can only be based on two-dimensional planar design of "depth", and to provide a three-dimensional visualization method and system for designing excitation well depth and analyzing excitation effect.

[0010] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0011] A three-dimensional visualization method for designing seismic data acquisition well depths is provided, including the following steps:

[0012] Based on the collected micrologging data, the surface lithological sedimentary layers are classified into velocity layers, and the velocity layers are correlated with the geological lithological layers. A velocity layer model of the geological body is constructed using borehole-profile semi-automatic modeling technology and interpolation methods.

[0013] Import aerial oblique photogrammetry data into the velocity layer model of the geological body to generate a 3D fusion model with velocity + depth + surface imagery and surface elevation data.

[0014] The pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column is imported into the 3D fusion model. The bottom depth of the excitation well depth column is adjusted through the visualized 3D fusion model so that it is located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

[0015] Following the above technical solution, the method further includes the following steps:

[0016] Import the pre-set excitation point locations into the 3D fusion model and match them with the excitation velocity, surface lithology, and excitation effect signals at each excitation point location.

[0017] Following the above technical solution, the excitation effect signal includes signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and energy signal.

[0018] Following the above technical solution, the method further includes the following steps:

[0019] By changing the distance parameters between strata in the X, Y, and Z axes of the 3D fusion model, the differences between strata can be viewed from different perspectives.

[0020] This invention also provides a three-dimensional visualization system for designing seismic data acquisition well depths, comprising:

[0021] The geological body velocity layer model construction module is used to classify the surface lithological sedimentary layers into velocity layers based on multiple collected micrologging data, and to correspond the velocity layers with the geological lithological layers. It uses borehole-profile semi-automated modeling technology and interpolation methods to construct the geological body velocity layer model.

[0022] The 3D fusion model building module is used to import aerial oblique photography data into the velocity layer model of the geological body and generate a 3D fusion model of velocity + depth + surface image with surface elevation data.

[0023] The excitation well depth visualization adjustment module is used to import the pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column into the 3D fusion model. The bottom depth of the excitation well depth column is adjusted through the visualized 3D fusion model so that it is located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

[0024] Following the above technical solution, the system also includes:

[0025] The excitation effect visualization module is used to import the pre-set excitation point locations into the 3D fusion model and match them with the excitation velocity, surface lithology, and excitation effect signal at each excitation point location.

[0026] Following the above technical solution, the excitation effect signal includes signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and energy signal.

[0027] Following the above technical solution, the system also includes:

[0028] The stratigraphic transformation module is used to change the distance parameters between stratigraphic layers in the X, Y, and Z axes of the 3D fusion model, allowing you to view the differences between stratigraphic layers from different perspectives.

[0029] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program executable by a processor, the computer program performing the three-dimensional visualization method for seismic data acquisition and well depth design as described in the above technical solution.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by establishing a three-in-one surface structure model of "velocity + depth + surface image", this invention enables three-dimensional visualization analysis, which greatly simplifies the design of excitation well depth and the analysis of excitation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of well depth design for selecting high-velocity formations in mountainous areas;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the well depth design for selecting the subsurface (high-speed layer) for activation in hilly and desert Gobi areas;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of micrologging points in the surface structure of the work area;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a map showing the distribution of shot points (red).

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional depth model and a design well depth;

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the actual depth model and well depth design;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a velocity-depth plane distribution map of the high-speed layer;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a planar distribution diagram of the thickness of the low-rate-dropout layer;

[0040] Figure 9A schematic diagram illustrating the interpretation of surface micrologging velocity layers into velocity layers (geological layers);

[0041] Figure 10 A TIN triangulation diagram of a three-dimensional geological body;

[0042] Figure 11 3D borehole profile;

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the velocity differences between micro-logging wells;

[0044] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral variable velocity interpolation effect between micro-logging wells in the same formation (the same low, drop, and high velocity layers);

[0045] Figure 14 A model for seamlessly stitching and fusing surface images with geological bodies;

[0046] Figure 15 Three-dimensional depth-velocity model and explosive analysis display for surface structure data of complex work areas;

[0047] Figure 16 A diagram showing the correspondence between surface lithology, velocity, and velocity layers at drilling locations for surface structure investigation;

[0048] Figure 17 A diagram showing the correspondence between surface lithology, velocity, and velocity layers at drilling locations for surface structure investigation;

[0049] Figure 18 To induce point well depth and surrounding rock velocity for interlayer roaming in the model (deceleration layer and high-speed layer);

[0050] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram showing the location for quality analysis of existing data.

[0051] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the location of three-dimensional visualization data quality analysis.

[0052] Figure 21 Comparison of original records of data quality at different excitation point locations;

[0053] Figure 22 This is a comparison chart of previous technology series and invention technology series. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0055] The present invention provides a three-dimensional visualization method for seismic data acquisition well depth design, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1. Based on the collected micrologging data, the surface lithological sedimentary layer is classified into velocity layers, and the velocity layers are correlated with the geological lithological layers. The borehole-profile semi-automatic modeling technology and interpolation method are used to construct the velocity layer model of the geological body.

[0057] S2. Import aerial oblique photography data into the velocity layer model of the geological body to generate a 3D fusion model of velocity + depth + surface image with surface elevation data.

[0058] S3. Import the pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column into the 3D fusion model, and adjust the bottom depth of the excitation well depth column through the visualized 3D fusion model so that it is located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

[0059] Step S1 is mainly based on the three-dimensional geological modeling technology of seismic data acquisition surface structure investigation depth layering and the three-dimensional attribute modeling technology of seismic data acquisition surface structure investigation velocity change.

[0060] Subdividing the surface lithological sedimentary sequence in drilling logging is quite difficult due to its varying thickness, making it challenging to use for well depth design. However, the surface velocity structure exhibits 2-3 velocity boundaries, thus it can be described as 2-3 geological layers, which aligns well with the well depth design principles for seismic data acquisition (e.g., ...). Figure 9 (As shown).

[0061] Velocity layers are simulated as geological lithological layers. Using borehole-profile semi-automated modeling technology, combined with engineering geological information, and integrating expert interpretation and automated computer analysis, a layered model of complex underground geological bodies is constructed. For example... Figure 10 As shown, irregular triangular mesh (TIN) interpolation can be used when constructing the surface of a geological body to smoothly represent the irregular morphology of the strata surface, avoiding the generation of a large amount of data when constructing an irregular grid model, thus establishing a model like... Figure 11 3D borehole profile.

[0062] Figure 4 The velocity at each excitation point needs to be obtained by interpolation between micrologs using a grid-like distribution. Because the velocity variations between micrologs are large (e.g., ... Figure 12 As shown), the velocity variation between each excitation point will be large, although the difference is smaller compared to that between micrologging points, which is related to the smaller distance between the excitation points. When performing lateral interpolation with constant vertical velocity at geological strata, geospatial interpolation techniques are employed. Using various spatial interpolation methods (natural nearest neighbor method, inverse distance weighted interpolation, Kriging interpolation, etc.), a layered velocity model of the geological body can be constructed (e.g., Figure 13 (As shown).

[0063] Step S2 is mainly based on the 3D fusion modeling technology of surface images and models from DEM data.

[0064] By constructing a two-dimensional vertical geological map of the work area, borehole data and DEM data (aerial oblique photogrammetry data) are matched. The DEM is then imported into the previously constructed geological body velocity layer model. The geological map is interpolated using the DEM data to obtain a high-precision surface elevation model. Based on this, the geological body is constructed from top to bottom using both borehole data and the geological map, such as... Figure 14 As shown, a 3D fusion model combining velocity, depth, and surface imagery can be constructed.

[0065] Step S3 can adjust the position of the excitation well depth column based on the visualization explosion analysis of the 3D fusion model of 3D velocity + depth + surface imagery extended in 3D space.

[0066] like Figure 15 As shown on the left, the depth of micro-logging is very small compared to the work area of ​​tens of kilometers, making it impossible to show the attribute differences between velocity layers. To facilitate the analysis and display of these differences, variable distance parameters between formations were designed in the X, Y, and Z axes, utilizing the characteristics of vectorized data from the model. Figure 15 As shown on the right, the differences and distinctions between strata can be viewed from different perspectives, which facilitates interpretation and comparative analysis according to the needs of geological tasks.

[0067] Figure 16 The red bars in the image represent the high-speed layer excitation well depth bars designed using an Excel spreadsheet. Importing the designed well depth data into the 3D model reveals that the bottoms of the red bars all extend into the high-speed layer at the bottom of the model. This allows for quick checking of the rationality and accuracy of the designed well depth, even for designs with tens of thousands of shot points. Furthermore, the location of the exposed red bars on the surface can be used to analyze the location of the excitation points and make selective adjustments.

[0068] Furthermore, the excitation location point can be observed and adjusted using a three-dimensional fusion model visualization technique based on seismic data acquisition factors.

[0069] Seismic data acquisition factors include instrument factors, excitation factors, and receiver factors. This is derived from a 3D fusion model (surface image + velocity + thickness). Figure 17 Above, we can see surface images (elevation, surface lithology) related to receiving factors and layer velocity and thickness related to excitation factors. Figure 18 Using roaming technology, it can be seen that the drilling depth at the excitation point enters the high-velocity layer. The velocity of the deceleration layer varies, and the extremely low-velocity layer in blue is visible. The velocity and thickness of the low-velocity layer have a significant impact on data quality, affecting the degree of attenuation of seismic waves.

[0070] Figure 19 This method involves selecting different excitation locations to compare data quality. The excitation locations are displayed in a PowerPoint presentation, and other parameters are manually matched during analysis. For example... Figure 20 The display shows that, because it is a three-dimensional vectorized data volume, the location value of the excitation point can be imported to quickly know other matching parameters, such as the correspondence between the surface lithology, velocity and velocity layer of the drilling location point in the surface structure survey. Through this map, the matching relationship between the excitation velocity, surface lithology (such as farmland, saline-alkali land, river beach, etc.) and excitation effect (signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, energy, etc.) at each excitation point location can be extended. Figure 21 yes Figure 19 , 20 The image shows a comparison of single-shot records from four different excitation points on the surface. The differences in data quality, phase axis, continuity, and signal-to-noise ratio of the target layer are visually apparent.

[0071] This invention also provides a three-dimensional visualization system for designing seismic data acquisition well depths, comprising:

[0072] The geological body velocity layer model construction module is used to classify the surface lithological sedimentary layers into velocity layers based on multiple collected micrologging data, and to correspond the velocity layers with the geological lithological layers. It uses borehole-profile semi-automated modeling technology and interpolation methods to construct the geological body velocity layer model.

[0073] The 3D fusion model building module is used to import aerial oblique photography data into the velocity layer model of a geological body and generate a 3D fusion model with velocity + depth + surface imagery and surface elevation data.

[0074] The excitation well depth visualization adjustment module is used to import the pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column into the 3D fusion model. The bottom depth of the excitation well depth column is adjusted through the visualized 3D fusion model so that it is located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

[0075] Furthermore, the system also includes:

[0076] The excitation effect visualization module is used to import the pre-set excitation point locations into the 3D fusion model and match them with the excitation velocity, surface lithology, and excitation effect signal at each excitation point location.

[0077] Furthermore, the system also includes:

[0078] The stratigraphic transformation module is used to change the distance parameters between stratigraphic layers in the X, Y, and Z axes of the 3D fusion model, allowing you to view the differences between stratigraphic layers from different perspectives.

[0079] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic memory, disk, optical disk, server, app store, etc., which stores a computer program. When the program is executed by a processor, it performs corresponding functions. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium, when executed by a processor, implements the three-dimensional visualization method for seismic data acquisition and well depth design as described in the method embodiment.

[0080] In summary, this invention presents a well depth design method based on geographic geological information and geophysical information. It integrates geographic image data models, geophysical velocity attribute models, and velocity layer geological models to establish a three-in-one surface structure model combining velocity, depth, and surface imagery. This enables three-dimensional visualization analysis, significantly simplifying well depth design and analysis of excitation effects. Exploded view technology is applied to the fused model to analyze the rationality and accuracy of well location and depth design. 3D visualization technology is used to analyze the lithology, velocity, and thickness of each excitation point, enabling rapid viewing of large datasets. This allows for the classification and factor analysis of data quality characteristics across the entire project area. Two-dimensional well slicing technology is employed to compare data quality between any excitation points.

[0081] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for 3D visualization of seismic acquisition shot depth design, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: According to the collected multiple micro logging data, the surface lithology sedimentary layer is classified by velocity layer, and the velocity layer is corresponded to the geological lithology layer, and a geological body velocity layered model is constructed by using the borehole-section semi-automatic modeling technology and the interpolation method; The DEM data is introduced into the geological body velocity layered model to generate a 3D fusion model of velocity+depth+surface image with surface elevation data; The design depth data of the pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column is introduced into the 3D fusion model, and the bottom depth of the excitation well depth column is adjusted through the visual 3D fusion model to be located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises the steps of: The pre-set excitation point position is introduced into the 3D fusion model, and matched with the excitation velocity, surface lithology and excitation effect signal at each excitation point position.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The excitation effect signal includes signal-to-noise ratio, frequency and energy signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises the steps of: The distance parameters between strata in X, Y and Z axis directions in the 3D fusion model are changed to view the differences between strata from different perspectives.

5. A 3-D visualization system for seismic acquisition shot hole depth design, characterized in that, It comprises: A geological body velocity layered model construction module is configured to classify the surface lithology sedimentary layer by velocity layer according to the collected multiple micro logging data, correspond the velocity layer to the geological lithology layer, and construct a geological body velocity layered model by using the borehole-section semi-automatic modeling technology and the interpolation method. A 3D fusion model construction module is configured to introduce DEM data into the geological body velocity layered model to generate a 3D fusion model of velocity+depth+surface image with surface elevation data. An excitation well depth visualization adjustment module is configured to introduce the design depth data of the pre-designed high-speed layer excitation well depth column into the 3D fusion model, and adjust the bottom depth of the excitation well depth column through the visual 3D fusion model to be located in the high-speed layer of the 3D fusion model.

6. The three-dimensional visualization system for seismic data acquisition shot hole depth design of claim 5, wherein, The system further comprises: An excitation effect visualization module is configured to introduce the pre-set excitation point position into the 3D model, and match the excitation velocity, surface lithology and excitation effect signal at each excitation point position.

7. The three-dimensional visualization system for seismic data acquisition shot hole depth design of claim 6, wherein, The excitation effect signal includes signal-to-noise ratio, frequency and energy signal.

8. The three-dimensional visualization system for seismic data acquisition shot hole depth design of claim 5, wherein, The system further comprises: A stratum transformation module is configured to change the distance parameters between strata in X, Y and Z axis directions in the 3D fusion model to view the differences between strata from different perspectives.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer program stored therein can be executed by the processor, and the computer program executes the three-dimensional visualization method for seismic data acquisition excitation well depth design according to any one of claims 1-4.

Images