A fuel cell hybrid power system

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell hybrid power system, which comprises a fuel cell module, a charging control module, a charging selection module, a discharging selection module, an MCU control module and a plurality of chargeable batteries. The MCU control module acquires the voltage of each chargeable battery. When the voltage of a chargeable battery is lower than a set value, the chargeable battery is stopped from supplying power, other chargeable batteries are switched to supply power, and the fuel cell module and the charging control module are enabled. The charging control module carries out voltage boosting and current limiting processing on the electric energy output by the fuel cell module, and charges the chargeable battery. In the application, the chargeable battery is used to supply power for the load. The chargeable battery can provide the required load power in time when the load has a high demand. The chargeable battery does not need to wait when starting, and the fuel cell module only needs to maintain stable operating power, so that the fluctuation of the fuel cell power is avoided, and the load can be quickly responded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to hybrid power management technology, and more particularly to a fuel cell hybrid power system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing power systems using fuel cells as the sole power source suffer from a drawback: a time delay is required for the fuel cell to reach a stable power output during startup. When the instantaneous starting power of the load significantly exceeds the rated power, a high-power fuel cell must be selected if only the fuel cell is available, necessitating a higher output power. However, at lower loads, the high-power fuel cell, even operating at a lower power level, still has substantial spare power, leading to high equipment costs and energy waste. Therefore, fuel cells require frequent activation of the catalyst by short-circuiting the output terminal, which interrupts output and impacts power efficiency. Existing power systems typically incorporate rechargeable batteries, switching to them when fuel cell power is insufficient, or using both fuel cells and rechargeable batteries simultaneously. However, this approach still suffers from power fluctuations, requiring adjustments to the fuel cell's output power based on power demand.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and enhanced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell hybrid power system that enables the fuel cell module to operate at stable power.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A fuel cell hybrid power system includes a fuel cell module, a charging control module, a charging selection module, a discharging selection module, an MCU control module, and multiple rechargeable batteries. The MCU control module acquires the voltage of each rechargeable battery. When the voltage of any rechargeable battery is lower than a set value, it stops supplying power to that battery and switches to other rechargeable batteries for power supply. It also enables the fuel cell module and the charging control module. The charging control module boosts and limits the electrical energy output from the fuel cell module to charge the rechargeable battery.

[0007] The fuel cell hybrid power system, wherein the charging selection module includes a plurality of first switch control units, which are connected to the MCU control module, the charging control module and the rechargeable battery, and are used to control the charging state of the corresponding rechargeable battery by turning it on or off according to the charging control command of the MCU control module.

[0008] The fuel cell hybrid power system, wherein the discharge selection module includes a plurality of second switch control units, which are connected to the MCU control module, the load and the rechargeable battery, and are used to control the discharge state of the corresponding rechargeable battery by turning it on or off according to the discharge control command of the MCU control module.

[0009] The fuel cell hybrid power system described above includes an MCU control module comprising an MCU unit, multiple third switch control units, and multiple voltage sampling units. One end of each voltage sampling unit is connected to a rechargeable battery, and the other end is connected to the MCU unit. The first end of each third switch control unit is connected to a solenoid valve at the fuel cell module, the second end of each third switch control unit is connected to a charging control module, and the control end of each third switch control unit is connected to the MCU unit.

[0010] In the aforementioned fuel cell hybrid power system, the first switch control unit includes a first optocoupler and a first relay. Pins 1 and 4 of the first optocoupler are connected to the MCU module, pin 2 of the first optocoupler is grounded, pin 3 of the first optocoupler is connected to the coil of the first relay, and the first relay switch is connected to the rechargeable battery.

[0011] In the aforementioned fuel cell hybrid power system, the second switch control unit includes a second optocoupler, a second relay, and a diode. Pins 1 and 4 of the second optocoupler are connected to the MCU module, pin 2 of the second optocoupler is grounded, pin 3 of the second optocoupler is connected to the coil of the second relay, the second relay switch is connected to the positive terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the rechargeable battery.

[0012] In the aforementioned fuel cell hybrid power system, the second switch control unit further includes a capacitor, one end of which is connected to the MCU module, and the other end of which is connected to the second relay switch.

[0013] In the aforementioned fuel cell hybrid power system, the third switch control unit includes a first MOSFET, a first transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The gate of the first MOSFET is connected to the source of the first MOSFET and the DC-DC unit through the first resistor, and is also connected to the collector of the first transistor through the second resistor. The base of the first transistor is connected to the MCU unit, the emitter of the first transistor is grounded, and the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the solenoid valve at the fuel cell module.

[0014] In the aforementioned fuel cell hybrid power system, the voltage sampling unit includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor. One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rechargeable battery, and one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the rechargeable battery. The other ends of the third resistor and the fourth resistor are connected to an I / O port of the MCU unit.

[0015] A charging and power supply control method for a fuel cell hybrid power system includes the following steps:

[0016] The MCU control module obtains the voltage of each rechargeable battery;

[0017] When the voltage of a rechargeable battery falls below a set value, the rechargeable battery stops supplying power and is switched to another rechargeable battery for power.

[0018] The fuel cell module and the charging control module are enabled. The charging control module boosts and limits the electrical energy output from the fuel cell module to charge the rechargeable battery.

[0019] Compared to existing technologies, the fuel cell hybrid power system provided by this invention includes a fuel cell module, a charging control module, a charging selection module, a discharging selection module, an MCU control module, and multiple rechargeable batteries. The MCU control module acquires the voltage of each rechargeable battery. When the voltage of any rechargeable battery is lower than a set value, it stops supplying power to that battery and switches to other rechargeable batteries for power supply. It also enables the fuel cell module and the charging control module. The charging control module boosts and limits the electrical energy output from the fuel cell module to charge the rechargeable battery. In the fuel cell hybrid power system of this invention, rechargeable batteries are used to power the load. The rechargeable batteries can provide the required load power in a timely manner when the load demand is high. The rechargeable batteries do not need to wait during startup, while the fuel cell module only needs to maintain a stable operating power, avoiding fluctuations in fuel cell power. This allows for rapid response to the load and meets the requirements of both high-power and low-power operation of the load. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a charging selection module in a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a discharge selection module in a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of the MCU control module in a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 A flowchart of a charging and power supply control method for a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 The control flowchart of the fuel cell module in the fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 7 A flowchart of an application embodiment of the charging and power supply control method for a fuel cell hybrid power system provided in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Attached image annotations:

[0028] Fuel cell module 10, charging control module 20, charging selection module 30, discharging selection module 40, MCU control module 50, rechargeable battery 60, first switch control unit 31, second switch control unit 41, DC-DC unit 21, first optocoupler U1, first relay J1, second optocoupler U2, second relay J2, diode D1, capacitor C1, MCU unit U3, third switch control unit 51, voltage sampling unit 52, first MOSFET Q1, first transistor Q2, first resistor R1, second resistor R2, third resistor R3, fourth resistor R4 Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "mounted on," "fixed to," or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have an intervening component present. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have an intervening component present.

[0031] It should also be noted that the directional terms such as left, right, up, and down in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative concepts or are based on the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as restrictive.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 The fuel cell hybrid power system of the present invention includes a fuel cell module 10, a charging control module 20, a charging selection module 30, a discharging selection module 40, an MCU control module 50, and multiple rechargeable batteries 60 (e.g., ...). Figure 1The fuel cell module 10 (including batteries 1, 2, ..., N) outputs electrical energy into the charging control module 20. The output of the charging control module 20 is connected to the input of the charging selection module 30. The output of the charging selection module 30 is connected to the charging terminals of each rechargeable battery 60. The input of the discharge selection module 40 is connected to the discharge terminals of each rechargeable battery 60. The output of the discharge selection module 40 is connected to the load. The MCU control module 50 is connected to the fuel cell module 10, the charging control module 20, the charging selection module 30, the discharge selection module 40, and the MCU control module 50.

[0033] The MCU control module 50 acquires the voltage of each rechargeable battery 60. When the voltage of a rechargeable battery 60 is lower than a set value, it stops supplying power to that rechargeable battery 60 and switches to other rechargeable batteries 60 for power supply. It also enables the fuel cell module 10 and the charging control module 20. The charging control module 20 boosts and limits the electrical energy output by the fuel cell module 10 to charge the rechargeable battery 60.

[0034] Specifically, the MCU control module 50 is also connected to a power switch for starting the entire system. The fuel cell module 10 includes a hydrogen fuel cell, an inlet solenoid valve, an outlet solenoid valve, a fan, etc. The charging power of the hydrogen fuel cell can be controlled by the MCU control module 50 through the opening and closing status and power of the inlet solenoid valve, the outlet solenoid valve, and the fan.

[0035] The port of the MCU control module 50 connected to the fuel cell module 10 can detect the temperature of the fuel cell. The speed of the fuel cell fan can be adjusted according to the temperature. The MCU control module 50 can also control the opening and closing of the hydrogen inlet valve and hydrogen outlet valve of the fuel cell module 10 according to the system startup and operation requirements. As a result, the fuel cell can operate more stably as long as it meets the battery charging requirements, thus avoiding fluctuations in the fuel cell power.

[0036] The charging control module 20 may include a DC-DC unit 21 with adjustable output voltage and output current limiting capabilities. This DC-DC unit 21 can adjust the output voltage and maximum output current according to the requirements of the MCU. The charging control module 20 can boost and current-limit the electrical energy output from the fuel cell module 10 according to instructions from the MCU control module 50, and adjust the battery charging performance as needed. The charging control module 20 can also select to charge multiple or a single battery according to instructions from the MCU control module 50.

[0037] The MCU control module 50 also has a battery voltage detection function, which can calculate the battery capacity at the current voltage based on the relationship between voltage and battery capacity. The discharge selection module 40 can connect batteries with excess charge to the load according to the requirements of the MCU control module 50, thus supplying power to the load. In addition to processing data from each module, the MCU control module 50 also provides operating power to each module.

[0038] Specifically, the charging control module 20, charging selection module 30, discharging selection module 40, MCU control module 50, and switch can be set on separate circuit boards or as a single integrated circuit board.

[0039] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 In the fuel cell hybrid power system provided by the present invention, the charging selection module 30 includes a plurality of first switch control units 31. The first switch control units 31 are connected to the MCU control module 50, the charging control module 20 and the rechargeable battery 60, and are used to control the charging state of the corresponding rechargeable battery 60 by turning it on or off according to the charging control command of the MCU control module 50.

[0040] exist Figure 2 In the MCU control module 50, signal ports 1, 2, 3, power positive and ground are connected to the MCU control module 50, the positive and negative ports of the fuel cell are connected to the fuel cell module 10, and the battery charging ports (such as battery 1 charging positive, battery 1 charging negative, battery 2 charging positive, battery 2 charging negative, battery 3 charging positive, battery 3 charging negative) are connected to the battery.

[0041] The first switch control unit 31 includes a first optocoupler U1 and a first relay J1. Pins 1 and 4 of the first optocoupler U1 are connected to the MCU module, pin 2 of the first optocoupler U1 is grounded, and pin 3 of the first optocoupler U1 is connected to the coil of the first relay J1. The first relay J1 is connected to the rechargeable battery 60.

[0042] Taking rechargeable battery 601 as an example, when signal port 1 is connected to a high level, the first optocoupler U1 connected to signal port 1 is turned on, which energizes the first relay J1. After the relay coil is energized, it generates a magnetic field that attracts the switch to close, and the positive and negative charging terminals of battery 1 are connected. When other batteries need to be charged, the corresponding signal port can be connected to a high level.

[0043] The discharge selection module 40 includes a plurality of second switch control units 41, which are connected to the MCU control module 50, the load and the rechargeable battery 60, and are used to control the discharge state of the corresponding rechargeable battery 60 by turning it on or off according to the discharge control command of the MCU control module 50.

[0044] Please refer to the following: Figure 3The second switch control unit 41 includes a second optocoupler U2, a second relay J2 and a diode D1. Pins 1 and 4 of the second optocoupler U2 are connected to the MCU module, pin 2 of the second optocoupler U2 is grounded, pin 3 of the second optocoupler U2 is connected to the coil of the second relay J2, the second relay J2 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1, and the negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the rechargeable battery 60.

[0045] exist Figure 3 In the circuit, signal ports 4, 5, 6, 7, the positive power supply port, and the ground port are connected to the MCU control module 50. The positive and negative load ports are connected to the electrical load (such as the power system of a car or ship), and the positive and negative discharge ports of battery 1 are connected to the battery. Taking discharge port 4 as an example, when signal port 4 is connected to a high level, the second optocoupler U2 conducts, energizing the second relay J2. The energized coil of the second relay J2 generates a magnetic field that attracts the switch to close, connecting the positive and negative discharge ports of battery 1 to the load. The diode D1 connected between the positive discharge port of battery 1 and the relay prevents backflow of current into the battery, protecting the rechargeable battery 60.

[0046] Furthermore, the second switch control unit 41 also includes a capacitor C1. One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the MCU module, and the other end is connected to the second relay J2 switch. Taking the connection of the second relay J2 to signal port 7 as an example, the normally open terminal of the second relay J2 switch is connected to the positive terminal of the load, the normally closed terminal of the second relay J2 switch is connected to the positive terminal of battery 1 (or to the positive terminal of any battery), and the common terminal of the second relay J2 switch is connected to the positive terminal of the MCU control board (i.e., the positive input port of the MCU control module 50). At the moment of system power failure, the discharge of capacitor C1 can supply power to the control system through the normally closed terminal. When the system starts, the system sends a high level to signal port 7, the common terminal of the second relay J2 switches to the normally closed terminal, and the power input port becomes the output of battery 1. If a battery is directly connected to the power supply terminal of the control board, and that battery needs to be charged, there will inevitably be a situation where the battery is charging while being used, which is detrimental to the battery's lifespan. Therefore, this invention switches to another rechargeable battery 60 to supply power when the rechargeable battery 60 needs to be charged. If the positive and negative terminals of the load are connected to the power supply terminal of the control board, the second relay J2 will always be in the open state and will not be able to supply power to the control board. This invention uses a capacitor C1 connected between the positive and negative terminals of the control board MCU to provide power to the second relay J2 at the moment of switching, preventing power outages at the moment of switching.

[0047] The charging control module 20 includes a DC-DC unit 21 for converting the electrical energy of the rechargeable battery 60 into voltages that conform to the MCU control module 50, the fan, the solenoid valve, and the charge / discharge control module.

[0048] The MCU control module 50 includes an MCU unit U3, multiple third switch control units 51, and multiple voltage sampling units 52. One end of each voltage sampling unit 52 is connected to a rechargeable battery 60, and the other end of each voltage sampling unit 52 is connected to the MCU unit U3. The first end of each third switch control unit 51 is connected to a solenoid valve at the fuel cell module 10, the second end of each third switch control unit 51 is connected to a charging control module 20, and the control end of each third switch control unit 51 is connected to the MCU unit U3.

[0049] The third switch control unit 51 includes a first MOSFET Q1, a first transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the source of the first MOSFET Q1 and the DC-DC unit 21 through the first resistor R1, and is also connected to the collector of the first transistor Q2 through the second resistor R2. The base of the first transistor Q2 is connected to the MCU unit U3, the emitter of the first transistor Q2 is grounded, and the drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the solenoid valve at the fuel cell module 10.

[0050] The voltage sampling unit 52 includes a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4. One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the positive terminal of the rechargeable battery 60, and one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the negative terminal of the rechargeable battery 60. The other ends of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are connected to an I / O port of the MCU unit U3.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the positive and negative terminals of battery 1 are connected to the output terminal of battery 1. A voltage divider is formed through the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4. The voltage after the divider is obtained by the MCU unit U3. The MCU unit U3 can deduce the actual voltage of battery 1 based on the voltage divider resistance. If the voltage U1 of battery 1 is measured, and the voltage divider measured by the MCU is Umcu1, then the relationship between the two can be calculated using the following formula:

[0052] Umcu1=R3 / R4*U1

[0053] Signals 1-7 are connected to the output of MCU unit U3, forming a switching circuit using the first MOSFET Q1, the first transistor Q2, the first resistor R1, and the second resistor R2. Taking the intake valve circuit as an example, when MCU unit U3 inputs a low level to the base of the first transistor Q2, the emitter and collector of the first transistor Q2 are disconnected, and there is no voltage difference between the gate and drain of the first MOSFET Q1, which is in the off state. When MCU unit U3 inputs a high level to the base of the first transistor Q2, the emitter and collector of the first transistor Q2 are turned on, and a voltage difference is formed across the first resistor R1, causing the first MOSFET Q1 to turn on. At this time, the intake solenoid valve is connected to the positive terminal of the DC-DC output. The control principle of the other exhaust solenoid valves and the fan power supply is the same.

[0054] The rechargeable battery 60 can be a lithium battery, a storage battery, etc., the DC-DC unit 21 can be a 12V or 24V DC battery, and the MCU unit U3 can be an STM32F103 series microcontroller. This invention does not limit the specific use of these components.

[0055] Based on the above-described fuel cell hybrid power system, the present invention also provides a charging and power supply control method for a fuel cell hybrid power system, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1, MCU control module 50 obtains the voltage of each rechargeable battery 60;

[0057] S2. When the voltage of a rechargeable battery 60 is lower than the set value, the rechargeable battery 60 stops supplying power and is switched to another rechargeable battery 60 for power supply.

[0058] S3. Enable the fuel cell module 10 and the charging control module 20. The charging control module 20 boosts and limits the electrical energy output by the fuel cell module 10 to charge the rechargeable battery 60.

[0059] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the fuel cell hybrid system is started, the discharge switch signal and the charging switch signal are both set to 0 (i.e., the first switch control unit 31 and the second switch control unit 41 are both disconnected). Then, the voltage of each battery is measured. After that, the SOC (i.e., remaining charge) value of each battery is calculated based on the voltage. If the SOC value is less than 50%, the charging mark of the corresponding battery is set to 1. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, it is determined whether the charging mark is 1. If it is, the charging switch of the corresponding battery is turned on (i.e., the first switch control unit 31 is turned on). Otherwise, the discharge switch of the corresponding battery is turned on (i.e., the second switch control unit 41 is turned on). Then, signal 7 is set to 1, and the intake solenoid valve and fan of the fuel cell module 10 are turned on.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, when the fuel cell module 10 charges the rechargeable battery 60, the process of the exhaust solenoid valve of the MCU unit U3 is as follows:

[0061] Open the exhaust solenoid valve for 0.5 seconds, close the exhaust solenoid valve for 20 seconds, then open the exhaust solenoid valve again for 0.5 seconds, and repeat this alternating action until the corresponding rechargeable battery is fully charged to 60%.

[0062] In one application embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the charge detection process for the rechargeable battery 60 in the fuel cell hybrid power system is as follows:

[0063] First, close all charging ports and open all discharging ports. Then, close the discharging port of battery 1. Next, check the voltage of battery 1 and calculate its State of Charge (SOC) value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 1 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker for battery 1 to 1 and open its charging port. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, then check if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, set the charging marker for battery 1 to 0 and open its discharging port. Next, close the discharging port of battery 2. Then, check the voltage of battery 2 and calculate its SOC value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 2 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker for battery 2 to 1 and open its charging port. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, then check if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If the battery 2 charging mark is set to 0 and the battery 2 discharge port is opened, then the battery 3 discharge port is closed. Then the voltage of battery 3 is detected, and the SOC value of battery 3 is calculated based on the voltage. It is determined whether the SOC value of battery 3 is less than 50%. If it is, the battery 3 charging mark is set to 1 and the battery 3 charging port is opened. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, it is determined whether the SOC value is greater than 90%. If it is, the battery 3 charging mark is set to 0 and the battery 3 discharge port is opened. After waiting for 1 minute, the voltage of battery 1 is detected again. This cycle is repeated to ensure that each rechargeable battery 60 can maintain more than 50% power supply. The fuel cell module 10 only needs to charge the rechargeable batteries 60. Its operating power is stable and without fluctuation. Moreover, the rechargeable batteries 60 will not be over-discharged or over-charged and have a long service life.

[0064] It should be noted that the circuit structures of the first switch control unit 31, the second switch control unit 41, the third switch control unit 51, the voltage sampling unit 52, etc., can also be implemented using other electronic components. For example, the specific circuit of the first switch control unit 31 can directly adopt the circuit structure of the second switch control unit 41. This invention does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0065] In summary, this invention uses a rechargeable battery to power the load. The rechargeable battery can promptly provide the required load power when demand is high. It does not require waiting during startup, while the fuel cell module only needs to maintain a stable operating power, avoiding fluctuations in fuel cell power. This allows for rapid load response, meeting both high-power and low-power operation requirements. During charging, the charging selection module 30 can select which battery to charge, ensuring that all batteries requiring charging receive timely replenishment and preventing over-discharge that could affect their lifespan.

[0066] Furthermore, the present invention can select to use a single battery for power supply through signal 7 and discharge selection module, adopts a circuit structure that can directly draw power from the load output terminal after the system is powered on, and connects a capacitor in parallel at the output terminal of the control board to ensure uninterrupted power supply when the control board switches power, thus ensuring reliable system operation.

[0067] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell hybrid power system, characterized in that, It includes a fuel cell module, a charging control module, a charging selection module, a discharging selection module, an MCU control module, and multiple rechargeable batteries. The MCU control module acquires the voltage of each rechargeable battery. When the voltage of a rechargeable battery is lower than a set value, it stops supplying power to that rechargeable battery and switches to other rechargeable batteries for power supply. It also enables the fuel cell module and the charging control module. The charging control module boosts and limits the current of the electrical energy output from the fuel cell module to charge the rechargeable battery. The charging selection module includes multiple first switch control units, which are connected to the MCU control module, the charging control module, and the rechargeable battery. They are used to control the charging state of the corresponding rechargeable battery by turning it on or off according to the charging control command of the MCU control module. The discharge selection module includes multiple second switch control units, which are connected to the MCU control module, the load, and the rechargeable battery. They are used to control the discharge state of the corresponding rechargeable battery by turning it on or off according to the discharge control command of the MCU control module. When the fuel cell hybrid system is started, both the first and second switch control units are first disconnected. Then, the voltage of each battery is measured. The SOC value of each battery is then calculated based on the voltage. It is then determined whether the SOC value is less than 50%. If it is less than 50%, the charging mark of the corresponding battery is set to 1. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, it is determined whether the charging mark is 1. If it is, the corresponding first switch control unit is turned on. Otherwise, the corresponding second switch control unit is turned on, and the intake solenoid valve and fan of the fuel cell module are turned on. The process of the exhaust solenoid valve when the fuel cell module charges the rechargeable battery is as follows: Open the exhaust solenoid valve for 0.5 seconds, close the exhaust solenoid valve for 20 seconds, then open the exhaust solenoid valve for 0.5 seconds again, and repeat this alternating action until the corresponding rechargeable battery is fully charged. The process for detecting the rechargeable battery charge in a fuel cell hybrid power system is as follows: First, close all charging ports and open all discharging ports. Then, close the discharging port of battery 1. Next, check the voltage of battery 1 and calculate its State of Charge (SOC) value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 1 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 1 to 1 and open its charging port. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, then check if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 1 to 0 and open its discharging port. Next, close the discharging port of battery 2. Then, check the voltage of battery 2 and calculate its SOC value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 2 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 2 to 1 and open its discharging port. If the SOC value of the charging port is greater than or equal to 50%, then it is checked whether the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, the charging mark of battery 2 is set to 0 and the discharge port of battery 2 is opened. Then the discharge port of battery 3 is closed. Then the voltage of battery 3 is detected and the SOC value of battery 3 is calculated based on the voltage. If the SOC value of battery 3 is greater than or equal to 50%, then it is checked whether the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, the charging mark of battery 3 is set to 0 and the discharge port of battery 3 is opened. After waiting for 1 minute, the voltage of battery 1 is detected again. This cycle is repeated to ensure that each rechargeable battery can maintain more than 50% power supply, while the fuel cell module only needs to charge the rechargeable batteries. The MCU control module is also connected to a power switch for starting the entire system. The fuel cell module includes a hydrogen fuel cell, an inlet solenoid valve, an outlet solenoid valve, and a fan. The MCU control module controls the opening and closing status and power of the inlet and outlet solenoid valves and the fan, thereby controlling the charging power of the hydrogen fuel cell. The port connected to the fuel cell module can detect the temperature of the fuel cell and adjust the speed of the fuel cell fan according to the temperature. It can also control the opening and closing of the hydrogen inlet and outlet valves of the fuel cell module according to the system startup and operation requirements. Thus, the fuel cell can operate more stably as long as it meets the battery charging requirements, avoiding fluctuations in the fuel cell power. The first switch control unit includes a first optocoupler and a first relay. Pins 1 and 4 of the first optocoupler are connected to the MCU control module, pin 2 of the first optocoupler is grounded, pin 3 of the first optocoupler is connected to the coil of the first relay, and the first relay switch is connected to a rechargeable battery. The MCU control module includes an MCU unit, multiple third switch control units, and multiple voltage sampling units. One end of each voltage sampling unit is connected to a rechargeable battery, and the other end is connected to the MCU unit. The first end of each third switch control unit is connected to a solenoid valve at the fuel cell module, the second end of each third switch control unit is connected to the charging control module, and the control end of each third switch control unit is connected to the MCU unit. The second switch control unit includes a second optocoupler, a second relay, and a diode. Pins 1 and 4 of the second optocoupler are connected to the MCU control module, pin 2 of the second optocoupler is grounded, and pin 3 of the second optocoupler is connected to the coil of the second relay. The second relay switch is connected to the positive terminal of the diode, and the negative terminal of the diode is connected to the rechargeable battery. Signal ports 1, 2, and 3, the positive and ground terminals are connected to the MCU control module. The positive and negative terminals of the fuel cell are connected to the fuel cell module, and the battery charging port is connected to the battery. When signal port 1 is connected to a high level, the first optocoupler connected to signal port 1 conducts, energizing the first relay. The energized relay coil generates... When the magnetic field attraction switch is closed, the positive and negative charging ports of battery 1 are connected. When other batteries need to be charged, the corresponding signal ports can be connected to a high level. Signal ports 4, 5, 6, 7, the positive power supply port, and the ground port are connected to the MCU control module. The positive and negative load ports are connected to the electrical load. The positive and negative discharge ports of battery 1 are connected to the battery. When signal port 4 is connected to a high level, the second optocoupler is turned on, which energizes the second relay. After the coil of the second relay is energized, it generates a magnetic field attraction switch that closes, connecting the positive and negative discharge ports of battery 1 to the load. The diode connected between the positive discharge port of battery 1 and the relay is used to prevent current from flowing back to the battery, thus protecting the rechargeable battery. The second switch control unit also includes a capacitor. One end of the capacitor is connected to the MCU control module, and the other end is connected to the second relay switch. The normally open terminal of the second relay switch is connected to the positive terminal of the load, and the normally closed terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The common terminal of the second relay switch is connected to the positive input port of the MCU control module on the control board. At the moment of system power failure, the capacitor discharges and can supply power to the control system through the normally closed terminal. When the system starts, the system sends a high level to signal terminal 7, and the common terminal of the second relay switches to the normally closed terminal, and the power input port becomes the battery that is being output. When the rechargeable battery needs to be charged, it switches to other rechargeable batteries for power supply. If the positive and negative terminals of the load are connected to the power supply terminal of the control board, the second relay will always be in the open state and cannot supply power to the control board. The capacitor connected between the MCU and the control board can provide power to the second relay at the moment of switching to prevent power failure at the moment of switching.

2. The fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third switch control unit includes a first MOSFET, a first transistor, a first resistor, and a second resistor. The gate of the first MOSFET is connected to the source of the first MOSFET and the DC-DC unit through the first resistor, and is also connected to the collector of the first transistor through the second resistor. The base of the first transistor is connected to the MCU unit, the emitter of the first transistor is grounded, and the drain of the first MOSFET is connected to the solenoid valve at the fuel cell module.

3. The fuel cell hybrid power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The voltage sampling unit includes a third resistor and a fourth resistor. One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rechargeable battery, and one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the rechargeable battery. The other ends of the third resistor and the fourth resistor are connected to an I / O port of the MCU unit.

4. A charging and power supply control method for a fuel cell hybrid power system as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The MCU control module obtains the voltage of each rechargeable battery; When the voltage of a rechargeable battery falls below a set value, the rechargeable battery stops supplying power and is switched to another rechargeable battery for power. Enable the fuel cell module and the charging control module. The charging control module boosts and limits the electrical energy output by the fuel cell module to charge the rechargeable battery. The charging and power supply control method further includes: When the fuel cell hybrid system is started, both the first and second switch control units are first disconnected. Then, the voltage of each battery is measured. The SOC value of each battery is then calculated based on the voltage. It is then determined whether the SOC value is less than 50%. If it is less than 50%, the charging mark of the corresponding battery is set to 1. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, it is determined whether the charging mark is 1. If it is, the corresponding first switch control unit is turned on. Otherwise, the corresponding second switch control unit is turned on, and the intake solenoid valve and fan of the fuel cell module are turned on. When the fuel cell module charges the rechargeable battery, the process of the exhaust solenoid valve is as follows: Open the exhaust solenoid valve for 0.5 seconds, close the exhaust solenoid valve for 20 seconds, then open the exhaust solenoid valve for 0.5 seconds again, and repeat this alternating action until the corresponding rechargeable battery is fully charged. The process for detecting the rechargeable battery charge in a fuel cell hybrid power system is as follows: First, close all charging ports and open all discharging ports. Then, close the discharging port of battery 1. Next, check the voltage of battery 1 and calculate its State of Charge (SOC) value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 1 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 1 to 1 and open its charging port. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, then check if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 1 to 0 and open its discharging port. Next, close the discharging port of battery 2. Then, check the voltage of battery 2 and calculate its SOC value. Determine if the SOC value of battery 2 is less than 50%. If so, set the charging marker of battery 2 to 1 and open its charging port. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, then... Next, it checks if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, it sets the charging mark of battery 2 to 0 and opens the discharge port of battery 2. Then, it closes the discharge port of battery 3, checks the voltage of battery 3, and calculates the SOC value of battery 3 based on the voltage. It checks if the SOC value of battery 3 is less than 50%. If so, it sets the charging mark of battery 3 to 1 and opens the charging port of battery 3. If the SOC value is greater than or equal to 50%, it checks if the SOC value is greater than 90%. If so, it sets the charging mark of battery 3 to 0 and opens the discharge port of battery 3. After waiting for 1 minute, it checks the voltage of battery 1 again. This cycle is repeated to ensure that each rechargeable battery can maintain more than 50% power supply, while the fuel cell module only needs to charge the rechargeable batteries.

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