Methods for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject and apparatus for implementing methods for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject

Abstract

A device (1) for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject (4), the device comprising: at least one display (7) for providing a first image (20L, SOL) representing a first target object (22L, 32L) to a first eye (3) of the subject (4), and for providing a second image (20R, 30R) representing a second target object (22R, 32R) to a second eye of the subject (4); and a control unit (8) for controlling the at least one display.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present specification relates to a method for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject and to a device for implementing a method for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject. BACKGROUND

[0002] The prescription and manufacturing of a pair of glasses can be divided into six main operations:

[0003] • collecting patient-related parameters;

[0004] • calculating the shape of the optical faces of the lenses from these collected parameters;

[0005] • molding and machining the optical faces of the lenses;

[0006] • collecting data related to the eyeglass frame chosen by the patient, notably including the shape of the outline of the rims of this eyeglass frame;

[0007] • centering the ophthalmic lenses, which consists in positioning the outline of the rims on each lens so that, once they are machined in the shape of these outlines and then mounted in the eyeglass frame, the lenses achieve and can be the optical function for which they were designed; and

[0008] • shaping the lenses.

[0009] Currently, in order to improve the visual comfort of the patient, some studies have been carried out to optimize the prescription and the optical shape and performance of the lenses, in particular those that display a progressive variation of the focal power, generally called "progressive lenses", as well as to improve the degree of good centering of these lenses in the rims of the eyeglass frame.

[0010] To this end, an increasing number of patient-related parameters must be taken into account.

[0011] Among these parameters, it is now sought to determine the dominant eye (or "master eye") of the patient, in particular in order to personalize the prescription and / or the calculation and machining of the lenses of the patient.

[0012] In the present specification, the "dominant eye" or "ocular dominance" is the sensory dominant eye, which refers to the eye that prevails in case of conflict when each eye sees a different visual stimulus.

[0013] Various well-known empirical methods are used to determine the dominant eye of the patient, which in fact prove to be unreliable, since they are based entirely on the skill and ease with which the patient can implement them.

[0014] A very common method is the "card-piercing" method, also called the "hole-in-the-card test" or the Dolman method.

[0015] This method proved to be one of the most reliable ways to identify the dominant eye of a person. This method consists in:

[0016] • giving the patient a card with a hole in the center;

[0017] • having the patient hold this card with both hands with arms straight; and then

[0018] • having the patient keep both eyes open and observe through the hole a target object located at a distance in front of the eyes (at this observation position, the subject perceives the target object as being centered on the hole).

[0019] The patient then alternately closes one of his / her eyes in order to identify his dominant eye, in fact, the dominant eye is the one that aligns with the target object and the hole. Thus, if the target object remains centered on the hole when the patient closes his left eye, his right eye is the dominant eye. Conversely, if the target object remains centered on the hole when the patient closes his right eye, his left eye is the dominant eye. This method allows to determine the dominant eye, but does not quantify the eye dominance.

[0020] However, quantifying the eye dominance can be a key point to accurately individualize the prescription correction and / or the calculation and machining of the lenses of a patient. Thus, it allows to obtain an accurate balance between the eyes for all possible viewing distances (from near vision to far vision), which is necessary for a good and comfortable binocular vision. SUMMARY

[0021] To meet this need, the present specification provides a device and a method for quantifying the eye dominance of a subject. In particular, the method is a subjective method of evaluating and adjusting the binocular balance between the eyes. The method allows to quantify the eye dominance and finely balance the correction between the eyes (spherical refraction balance between the eyes).

[0022] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a method and a device for accurately quantifying the eye dominance of a subject for all possible viewing distances (from near vision to far vision), wherein adverse effects caused by competition and / or suppression phenomena are avoided or at least reduced.

[0023] According to the invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by providing a device for quantifying the dominant eye of a subject, the device comprising: at least one display for providing a first image representative of a first object to a first eye of the subject and for providing a second image representative of a second object to a second eye of the subject; and a control unit for controlling the at least one display. The first image and the second image are such that the first object on the first image and the second object on the second image have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape. The first object comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn) and the second object comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj,..., PRn), with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; each point (PLi) of the first object is matched with a point (PRi) of the second object, with PLi having the same position in the first image as PRi in the second image, with 1 < i < n. Each point (PLi) of the first object and each point (PRi) of the second object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first object and to a characteristic value VRi of the second object. The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different; and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first object and of the second object, for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj.

[0024] One explanation for this improvement is that when the visual system of the subject sees very similar first and second images, the contradiction between the first and second images is not perceived and therefore no selection is performed between one or the other of the left and right visual pathways of the subject. Thus, the subject sees a fused image from the first and second images. The object of the fused image can be the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape as the objects of the first and second images; but can have different characteristic values than the objects of the first and second images.

[0025] For example, each point of the object can be a pixel of the at least one display.

[0026] According to an advantageous, optional feature, the device comprises means for varying the characteristic values of the first object and / or of the second object. Thanks to this embodiment, the dominant eye can be quantified by varying the characteristic values of the first object and / or of the second object until the subject no longer sees the contrast in the fused image, in other words no longer sees the object in the fused image, from the first and second images. Indeed, when the contrast in the fused image disappears, the dominant eye can be quantified according to the ratio between the characteristic values of the first object and of the second object.

[0027] According to advantageous, optional features, the device comprises a first optical unit and a second optical unit located respectively in front of the first eye and in front of the second eye of the subject. The optical units can be a set of lenses. The device can also comprise a power adjuster for changing the optical power of the optical unit in front of each eye, such as a foggy lens or any means capable of changing the optical power. Thanks to this embodiment of the device, the dominant eye is fogged by adding an additional positive or negative diopter to the starting correction, that is to say, hazed. This eye is then progressively dehazed until the subject no longer sees the contrast in the fusion image from the first image and the second image, in other words until the subject no longer sees the target in the fusion image. When the contrast in the fusion image disappears, this means that the dominance between the two eyes is reversed, which indicates the dominance break point. The dominance break point appears to be a useful quantitative indicator of the eye dominance in clinical applications. Also advantageously, this embodiment aims to neutralize the tendency to adaptation. Adaptation is a pitfall that should be avoided, especially for children, but also including adults. Because this adaptation masks the hypermetropia and if the effect of this adaptation is ignored during the examination, there is a risk of prescribing an inadequate correction.

[0028] According to advantageous, optional features, the characteristic value of the target is the luminance or the color.

[0029] According to advantageous, optional features, the characteristic value of the first target is different for at least three points of the first target.

[0030] According to advantageous, optional features, the first target and the second target are surrounded by a peripheral area. The inventors have observed that providing the two eyes of the subject with two images comprising the same or similar peripheral images induces a good balanced fusion of the left and right visual pathways. A stable perceived image is produced for the subject.

[0031] According to advantageous, optional features, the shape of the targets is a grid of elements comprising at least three elements having the same shape and the same size; or a row of elements comprising at least three elements having the same shape and the same size; or a column of elements comprising at least three elements having the same shape and the same size; or at least two stripes; or letter(s) or optotype(s) or figure(s).

[0032] According to advantageous, optional features, each element has the same characteristic value at each point of the element. This embodiment presents better performance because the localization of the perception about the characteristic value appears to be easier for the subject.

[0033] According to advantageous, optional features, the control unit comprises an adaptive algorithm executed by the control unit, the adaptive algorithm being configured to accept a report describing how the subject sees when presented with the first image and the second image, and to compute, from the report, an adjustment of the characteristic values of the first target and / or of the second target on the first image and the second image to be presented in the next iteration of the first image and the second image; a target generation component configured to provide to the subject the next iteration of the first image and the second image. This adaptive algorithm makes the device and method more efficient and fast.

[0034] According to advantageous, optional features, the control unit comprises an adaptive algorithm executed by the control unit, the adaptive algorithm being configured to accept a report describing how the subject sees when presented with the first image and the second image, and to compute, from the report, an adjustment of the optical power of the optical units in the next iteration of the first image and the second image. This adaptive algorithm makes the device and method more efficient and fast.

[0035] Alternatively, the control unit can comprise an algorithm that accepts a report describing how the subject sees when presented with the first image and the second image, and that computes, from the report, an adjustment of the optical power of the optical units and computes characteristic values in the next iteration of the first image and the second image.

[0036] According to advantageous, optional features, the fused image is a 3D stereoscopic image.

[0037] One object of the disclosure is to provide a refractometer comprising a device as described in the disclosure. This refractometer presents the advantage of allowing to correct the dominant eye as a consideration for the correction associated with the refractive error.

[0038] One object of the disclosure is a set of images for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject, the set of images comprising a first image representing a first target and a second image representing a second target. The first and second images are such that the first target on the first image and the second target on the second image have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape. The first target comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn) and the second target comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj,..., PRn), with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; each point (PLi) of the first target is matched with a point (PRi) of the second target, with PLi having the same position in the first image as PRi in the second image, with 1 < i < n. Each point (PLi) of the first target and each point (PRi) of the second target respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first target and a characteristic value VRi of the second target. The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first target are different; and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first and second targets, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj for any i and j.

[0039] One object of the disclosure is to provide a method for quantifying ocular dominance according to claims 9 to 13 and a method for adjusting the balance of the two eyes of a subject according to claims 14 to 15.

[0040] According to the disclosure, the method for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject comprises

[0041] - providing a first image to a first eye of the subject, the first image representing a first target,

[0042] - providing a second image to a second eye of the subject, the second image representing a second target.

[0043] The first image and the second image are such that the first object on the first image and the second object on the second image have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape. The first object comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn) and the second object comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj,..., PRn), with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n. Each point (PLi) of the first object is matched with a point (PRi) on the second object, with PLi having the same position in the first image as PRi in the second image, with 1 < i < n. Each point (PLi) of the first object and each point (PRi) of the second object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLiof the first object and a characteristic value VRiof the second object. The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different; and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first object and of the second object, for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj. The method then comprises the steps of

[0044] - checking that the subject sees a fusion image from the first image and the second image, the fusion image comprising a fusion object having characteristic values;

[0045] - generating a first report describing the characteristic values of the fusion image;

[0046] - determining which eye is the dominant eye of the subject based on the report.

[0047] Checking means obtaining feedback from the subject if the subject sees a fusion image similar to the first image. The feedback can be implicit or explicit.

[0048] According to an embodiment, the method further comprises, after determining which eye is the dominant eye of the subject:

[0049] - calculating, from the report, adjustments to the characteristic values (VLi, VRi) of the first object and / or of the second object on the first image and on the second image to be presented in the next iteration of the first image and of the second image;

[0050] - providing the adjusted characteristic values for the next iteration of the first image (20L, 30L) and of the second image;

[0051] - generating a second report describing how the subject sees the characteristic values of the fusion object from the next iteration of the first image and of the second image;

[0052] - performing the preceding steps until the subject indicates that, according to his / her perception, the characteristic value of the fusion target of the fusion image is constant at each point of the fusion target of the fusion image;

[0053] - quantifying the ocular dominance of the subject based on the reports of the subject.

[0054] According to an embodiment, the shape of the target is a set of at least three elements having the same shape and the same size. The characteristic value of the target is the luminance, and the reports describe the position of the brightest and / or the darkest element of the fusion target of the fusion image.

[0055] According to an embodiment, the target is a set of at least three elements having the same shape and the same size. The characteristic value of the target is the color of the target,

[0056] VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj

[0057] meaning that VLi (VRi) corresponds to a first color and VLj (VRj) corresponds to a second color, the second color being the complementary color of said first color. The reports describe the position of the colors on the fusion target of the fusion image.

[0058] According to an embodiment, the fusion image is a 3D stereoscopic image.

[0059] - One object of the disclosure is to provide a method for adjusting the binocular balance of a subject, the method comprising providing a first image to a first eye of the subject, the first image representing a first target,

[0060] - providing a second image to a second eye of the subject, the second image representing a second target.

[0061] The first image and the second image are such that the first target on the first image and the second target on the second image have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape. The first target comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn) and the second target comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj,..., PRn), with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n. Each point (PLi) of the first target is matched with a point (PRi) on the second target, with PLi having the same position in the first image as PRi in the second image, with 1 < i < n. Each point (PLi) of the first target and each point (PRi) of the second target respectively correspond to a characteristic value VL1 of the first target and a characteristic value VR1 of the second target. The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first target are different; and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first target and of the second target, for any i and j, VL1 + VR1 = VLj + VRj. The method then comprises the steps of

[0062] - checking that the subject sees a fusion image from the first image and the second image, the fusion image comprising a fusion target having a characteristic value;

[0063] - generating a report describing the characteristic value of the fusion image;

[0064] - determining which eye is the dominant eye of the subject based on the report;

[0065] - providing a correction to the dominant eye of the subject by adjusting the power lens in front of the first eye and / or the second eye until the characteristic value of the fusion image appears constant to the subject.

[0066] According to an embodiment, the method for adjusting the binocular balance of a subject comprises:

[0067] - measuring the refraction of each eye of the subject;

[0068] - providing a correction based on the measured refraction by adjusting the power lens in front of the first eye and / or the second eye.

[0069] According to an embodiment, the steps of measuring the refraction of each eye and providing a correction based on the measured refraction can be implemented before providing the first image or after providing a correction to the dominant eye.

[0070] According to advantageous, optional features, these methods comprise a step of modifying the perception of the first target and of the second target, the sum of the characteristic values of the first target and of the second target being constant at each of said executions. Thus, the perception of the fused target is optimized by adjusting the characteristic values of the first target and of the second target or by adjusting the blur lens in front of each eye of the subject.

[0071] The optional features of the device presented above can also be applied to the refractometer, to the set of images or to the method respectively defined by claims 7, 8 and 9 to 15.

[0072] Thanks to this device and method as described in the present disclosure, the benefits can be, but are not exclusively:

[0073] - continuously quantify the ocular dominance, not only to define the dominant eye;

[0074] - finely balance the corrections between the two eyes.

[0075] - simple to understand and easy to answer for the subject (only compare the darkness instead of judging the clarity of the letters);

[0076] - used even at low acuity levels;

[0077] - used before / after the binocular / monocular refraction, to replace the use of letters during the standard binocular step or by itself to quantify the dominance level;

[0078] - adaptation of the refractive outcome or of various parameters in the refractive process to the dominance level;

[0079] - help to avoid ocular rivalry and suppression. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0080] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings will make the content included in the present application and the way of realizing the present application clear. The present application is not limited to the embodiment(s) shown in the drawings. Accordingly, it should be understood that where an identifying reference sign is present in the claims, the inclusion of such an identifying reference sign is only for the purpose of enhancing the intelligibility of the claims and is in no way limiting to the scope of the claims.

[0081] In the drawings:

[0082] - Figure 1 represents a device for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject according to one example of the present specification;

[0083] - Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B and Figure 2C schematically represents a pair of images according to one embodiment of the present specification, comprising a pair of images comprising Figure 1a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0084] - Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B and Figure 3C represent three images according to an embodiment of the present specification, including a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image; Figure 1 a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0085] - Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B and Figure 4C represent three images according to an embodiment of the present specification, including a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image; Figure 1 a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0086] - Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B and Figure 5C represent three images according to an embodiment of the present specification, including a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image; Figure 1 a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0087] - Figure 6A 、 Figure 6B and Figure 6C represent three images according to an embodiment of the present specification, including a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image; Figure 1 a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0088] - Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B and Figure 7C represent three images according to an embodiment of the present specification, including a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image; Figure 1 a first image and a second image provided by the device to the right eye and the left eye of the subject, respectively, and an image that is the sum of the first image and the second image;

[0089] - Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B and Figure 8C represent some steps of a method for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject according to an embodiment of the present specification, some steps of a method for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject according to another embodiment of the present specification, some steps of a method for adjusting binocular balance according to an embodiment of the present specification, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] Figure 1 The main elements of the device 1 for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject 4 in a binocular manner are schematically represented from above, i.e. when both eyes of the subject 4 are open and not occluded.

[0091] The device comprises a display 7, such as an image display system, for providing a first image 20L, 30L representative of a first target object 22L, 32L to a first eye 2 of the subject 4, and for providing a second image 20R, 30R representative of a second target object 22R, 32R to a second eye 3 of the subject 4. The first and second images can be provided to the subject 4 simultaneously or not, so that the subject has the perception of seeing the first and second images simultaneously.

[0092] The first image 20L, 30L can be seen by the first eye 2 of the subject through a first optical unit 5, such as a set of lenses, while the second image 22R, 32R can be seen by the second eye 3 of the subject 4 through a second optical unit 6, such as a set of lenses.

[0093] In the embodiment of Figure 1 In the embodiment of

[0094] Each of these optical units 5, 6 is intended to be placed in front of one of the eyes 2, 3 of the subject, close to this eye (not more than five centimeters in fact), so that this eye 2, 3 can see the screen 70 of the display 7 through the lens, through the set of lenses or through the mirror reflecting onto the optical unit 5, 6.

[0095] Alternatively, the subject can see the display directly without the need for optical units.

[0096] The device is configured to enable the phoria quantification at different distances (near, far and / or intermediate vision) and / or for different eye gaze directions (for example, for reading, the natural eye gaze direction is lowered, for far vision, the eye gaze direction is horizontal). When using a specific imaging system (not represented), such as a Badal system, this screen 70 is located at a distance from the subject comprised between 25 cm (for near vision) and infinity, or indeed up to about 8 meters if no imaging system is used (or a plane mirror is used), or using a system such as the one disclosed in EP 3 298 952, which allows the combination of a first image provided by the screen (which can consist of one or more peripheral images) and a second image provided by the imaging module (which can consist of one or more central images), both the first image and the second image being imaged at a variable distance from the individual's eye.

[0097] The lens, the set of lenses or the set of lenses of each of the first optical unit 5 and the second optical unit 6 has a total spherical power S (spherical optical power, for example expressed in dioptres). And its cylindrical component of power is that of an equivalent cylindrical lens having a cylinder power C (for example expressed in dioptres), and its cylinder has an orientation represented by an angle a. Each of the first refractive correction and the second refractive correction provided by the corresponding optical unit 5, 6 can be characterized by the values of these three power parameters S, C and a. This refractive correction can be equally characterized by the values of any other set of parameters representative of the power characteristics of the optical unit 5, 6 described above, such as the triplet {M, Jo, J45} in which the equivalent sphere M is equal to the sphere S plus half the cylinder C (M = S + C / 2), and in which Jo = C / 2*cos(2a) and J45 = C / 2*sin(2a) are the powers of two Jackson crossed cylinder lenses representative of the cylindrical power characteristics of the lens or set of lenses of the optical unit 5, 6.

[0098] According to an embodiment of the present description, the lens, the set of lenses or the set of lenses of the first optical unit 5 and the second optical unit 6 can be a spherical blur lens, in other words C = 0.

[0099] Now regarding the display 7, the display can comprise a screen 70.

[0100] The entire extent of the screen 70 is visible through each of the first optical unit 5 and the second optical unit 6.

[0101] The display 7 can be implemented by means of a liquid crystal display screen 70 which is capable of displaying the first image 20L, 30L in a first polarization and simultaneously, of displaying the second image 20R, 30R in a second polarization. The first polarization and the second polarization are orthogonal to each other. For example, both the first polarization and the second polarization are linear and perpendicular to each other. Or, similarly, the first polarization is left circular polarization while the second polarization is right circular polarization.

[0102] The first optical unit 5 in front of the first eye can comprise a first polarization filter which filters light from the image display system 7. The first polarization filter filters out the second polarization and lets the first polarization pass, so that the first polarization can reach the first eye 2 of the subject. Thus, by means of the first polarization filter, the first eye 2 of the subject can see the first image 20L, 30L but not the second image 20R, 30R.

[0103] Similarly, the second optical unit in front of the second eye can comprise a second polarization filter which filters light from the display 7. The second polarization filter filters out the first polarization and lets the second polarization pass, so that the second polarization can reach the second eye 3 of the subject.

[0104] The display can use any other separation technique, such as <<active>> separation, where each image is alternately displayed at high frequency while the synchronized electronic shutter is blocking the eye which should not be addressed by that image. The separation system can also use color filter color separation on both the display and the eyes, where each side / eye has a different color filter (e.g. red and green filters) which block each other.

[0105] The first image and the second image (e.g. as shown in Fig. 2) coincide with each other on the screen 70 (their respective boxes coincide with each other). Both the first image and the second image fill the same area on this screen.

[0106] Here, the screen 70 can fill a portion of the subject's binocular visual field which is at least 5 degrees wide, or even at least 10 degrees wide.

[0107] In alternative embodiments, the display can be implemented by means of a reflective, passive screen (such as an aluminum foil screen) and one or several projectors for projecting the first image in a first polarization and the second image in a second polarization onto this screen, the first image and the second image being superimposed on the screen on top of each other.

[0108] Alternatively, the device can comprise two displays. According to one embodiment, for example using a heads-up virtual reality apparatus, the first image is displayed on a first image and the second image is displayed on a second image.

[0109] Here, the screen of the first display and the screen of the second display can fill a portion of the monocular or binocular visual field of the subject of at least 5 degrees wide, or even at least 10 degrees wide.

[0110] In alternative embodiments, the first display and the second display can be implemented, for example, by means of a first and a second Badal system respectively placed in front of the first and second eyes of the subject. Each of these Badal systems will comprise at least one lens and a displacement system for varying the length of the optical path connecting this lens to the display screen under consideration, so as to form an image of this display screen at an adjustable distance from the subject's eye.

[0111] In any case, the at least one display is controlled by a control unit 8 of the device 1.

[0112] The control unit 8, which can comprise at least one processor and at least one non-volatile memory, can be programmed to control the at least one display to vary / adjust the characteristic values of the first and / or second target, and / or to control the power adjuster so as to vary the optical power of the optical units 5, 6.

[0113] As presented in detail hereafter and as illustrated by Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B and Figure 2C The at least one display 7 provides a first image 20L, 30L representing a first target 22L, 32L to the first eye 3 of the subject 4 and a second image 20R, 30R representing a second target 22R, 32R to the second eye of the subject.

[0114] The first image 20L, 30L and the second image 20R, 30R are such that the first target 22L, 32L on the first image 20L, 30L has the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape as the second target 22R, 32R on the second image 20R, 30R.

[0115] The first target 22L, 32L comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,... PLj,... PLn) and the second target 22R, 32R comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj... PRn), where,

[0116] n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n. Each point (PLi) of the first object 22L, 32L is matched with a point (PRi) of the second object 22R, 32R, with PLi having the same position in the first image 20L, 30L as PRi in the second image 20R, 30R, with 1 < i < n. Each point (PLi) of the first object and each point (PRi) of the second object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first object and to a characteristic value VRi of the second object. The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different; and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first object and of the second object,

[0117] For any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj.

[0118] Therefore, the characteristic values VRi, VRj of the two points (PRi, PRj) of the second object matched with the two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different.

[0119] By "same", it is meant that the level of similarity between the first object and the second object is higher than a certain threshold in terms of position, orientation, size and shape.

[0120] However, it should be noted that alternatively, the first object and the second object can be very similar to each other but not exactly the same, for example to implement a 3D stereoscopic rendering of the represented scene. Still, in this case, the first object and the second object will be similar enough so that the level of similarity between them is higher than a given threshold.

[0121] For example, this level of similarity can be equal to the normalized correlation between the first object and the second object, that is to say equal to, the correlation between them divided by the square root of the product of the autocorrelation of the first object and the autocorrelation of the second object. In this case, for example, the aforementioned threshold of the level of similarity can be equal to 0.8.

[0122] Between two objects of similar size / shape, the level of similarity can also be defined as an angular deviation of less than 6° when observed by the subject at a distance of far vision, or as a difference of less than + / - 1 diopter.

[0123] More generally, the threshold of the level of similarity can be equal to 0.8 times a reference level of similarity, which is the level of similarity between the first object and the first image itself, calculated in the same way as the level of similarity between the first object and the second object (except that it is only with respect to the first object).

[0124] Alternatively, the threshold of the level of similarity can be equal to 10 times the level of similarity calculated between the first object and a random image.

[0125] The admissible range of similarity levels can be defined empirically by showing to the subject successive combinations of two images with the same first reference image and different second images, each second image being different from the first reference image and from the other second images, and defining a specific level of similarity for each second image with the first reference image. The lower limit of the admissible range of similarity levels will correspond to the highest level of similarity at which the subject is unable to perceive the 3D stereoscopic rendering of the represented scene. The upper limit of the admissible range of similarity levels will correspond to the lowest level of similarity at which the subject will complain of double vision or suppression.

[0126] The characteristic value can be a luminance or a color. In the case of luminance, the characteristic value of the target object can correspond to a gray level or intensity or amplitude of the same color.

[0127] The characteristic values of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first target object are different. The difference between the characteristic values defines a contrast. Advantageously, the characteristic values of at least three points (PLi, PLj) of the first target object are different, the contrast or variation between the points being more easily perceived if the imbalance of advantage is for the subject.

[0128] Figure 2A A first image 20L representing a first target object 22L is shown. Figure 2B A second image 20R representing a second target object 22R is shown. The first target object 22L and the second target object 22R have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape on the first image and on the second image. Indeed, the first target object 22L and the second target object 22R are the same line of elements comprising four circular elements 24 having the same size, the line of elements being horizontally oriented and respectively positioned in the middle of the images.

[0129] In Figure 2A and Figure 2C , the first image and the second image comprise n points and the characteristic value is a luminance. The first image comprises points PLi and PLj having respectively characteristic values VLi and VLj. VLi and VLj correspond to different gray levels, in particular in Figure 2A , PLi is light and PLj is dark. The second image comprises points PRi and PRj respectively matching PLi and PLj. PRi and PRj have respectively characteristic values VRi and VRj, VRi and VRj corresponding to different gray levels, in particular in Figure 2A opposite to the first image in Figure 2C , PRj is light and PRi is dark.

[0130] Inside each element 24, the characteristic value can be constant, as for example in Figure 2A , Figure 2B andFigure 2C is shown.

[0131] Figure 2B An image 20S of an object 22S representing the addition of the characteristic values VL of the first object 22L and the characteristic values VR of the second object 22R for each n points PLi, PRi of the first and second objects is shown, in other words, at each point PSi of the added object 22S, the characteristic value VSi = VLi + VRi. As shown, at each point of the added object 22S, the gray level is the same: Figure 2B

[0132] For any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj.

[0133] Thus, as the method according to the three embodiments of the disclosure Figure 8A Figure 8B Figure 8C The image shown in the figure presents a first image representing a first object provided 81 to a first eye of a subject and a second image representing a second object provided 81 to a second eye of the subject. Thanks to the display explained above, the subject sees from the first and second images a fused image representing a fused object seen from the first and second objects. However, to be sure, these methods can comprise a step 82 for checking whether the subject sees the fused object.

[0134] The checking step can be implicit or explicit by asking the subject.

[0135] If the subject does not see from the first and second images a fused image representing the fused object, the position (between the first and second images or between the subject and the images) and / or the size of the first and second images are adjusted and / or the characteristic values on one or both images are changed (to adjust the balance) so that the subject sees the fused image.

[0136] If there is no dominant eye between the first and second eyes, the fused object of the fused image perceived by the subject can correspond to the added object 22S, 32S, for example, all the points of the fused object seem to have a constant characteristic value for the subject.

[0137] Alternatively, if there is a dominant eye between the first or second eye, the fused object perceived by the subject can not correspond to the added object and the subject can see a fused object with points of different characteristic values. For example:

[0138] - if the first eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the point PSj darker than the point PSi; or

[0139] ​​​- if the second eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the point PSi darker than the point PSj.

[0140] Alternatively, the characteristic values can be the colors of the first target / second target. In this case, "VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj" means that VLi corresponds to a first color and VRi corresponds to a second color that is the complement of the first color, and similarly, VLj corresponds to another first color and VRj corresponds to another second color that is the complement of the other first color. For example, VLi is green, VRi is red, VLj is yellow and VRj is purple. Another example, VLi is green, VRi is red, VLj is red and VRj is green. Thus:

[0141] - if there is no dominant eye, the fusion targets of the fusion image are uniform, in other words, the subject perceives the same color on all the fusion targets;

[0142] - if the first eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the color of the point PSi on the fusion target closer to the color of the point PLi; or

[0143] - if the second eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the color of the point PSi on the fusion target closer to the color of the point PRi.

[0144] Thus, in the case where VLi is green, VRi is red, VLj is red and VRj is green:

[0145] - if there is no dominant eye, the fusion targets of the fusion image are uniform, in other words, the subject perceives all the fusion targets as being gray;

[0146] - if the first eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the color of the point PSi closer to green and the color of the point PSj closer to red; or

[0147] - if the second eye is the dominant eye, the subject sees the color of the point PSj closer to green and the color of the point PSi closer to red.

[0148] Thus, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, based on the perception of the fusion targets by the subject, the step 83) of generating Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B 、 Figure 8C describes the report of the perception of the fusion targets of the fusion image by the subject and accordingly, the step 84) of determining Figure 8A 、 Figure 8B 、 Figure 8C the dominant eye of the subject.

[0149] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, after generating the report, the characteristic values VLi, VRi of the first target 22L, 32L and / or of the second target 22R, 32R can be adjusted manually or by means of a dimmer switch, a regulator or a control unit, preferably a control unit that can change / adjust the characteristic values of the first target and / or of the second target. Figure 8B According to an embodiment of the disclosure, after generating the report, the characteristic values VLi, VRi of the first target 22L, 32L and / or of the second target 22R, 32R can be adjusted manually or by means of a dimmer switch, a regulator or a control unit, preferably a control unit that can change / adjust the characteristic values of the first target and / or of the second target.

[0150] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first target and of the second target, the adjusted characteristic values VLi', VLj' of the first target and the adjusted characteristic values VRi', VRj' of the second target are such that

[0151] For any i and j, VLi' + VRi' = VLj' + VRj'.

[0152] This embodiment allows to retry the measurements with different equilibria while respecting the initial conditions.

[0153] According to another embodiment of the disclosure,

[0154] VLi' + VRi' = VLj' + VRj' = VLi + VRi.

[0155] This embodiment allows to keep the global contrast constant in time, which is easier for the subject to evaluate the changes.

[0156] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, the next step is to provide to the first eye 3 (step 86 in Figure 8B the next iteration of the first image 20L, 30L with adjusted / changed characteristic values VLi', VLj' and to provide to the second eye 2 the next iteration of the second image 20R, 30R with adjusted / changed characteristic values VRi', VRj'.

[0157] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a report is generated (step 87 in Figure 8B describing the characteristic values of the fusion target from the next iteration of the first image and of the second image; in other words, a report is generated describing how the subject sees the characteristic values of the fusion target from the next iteration of the first image and of the second image.

[0158] One embodiment for quantifying the ocular dominance is to perform the preceding steps (step 88 in Figure 8B until the subject indicates that, according to his perception, the characteristic values of the target of the fusion image are constant at each point of the target of the fusion image. Finally, the ocular dominance of the subject is quantified (step 89 in Figure 8Cof the target object of the first image presented to the dominant eye and the feature value at the matching point of the target object of the second image presented to the other eye, for example, if the dominant eye is the first eye, the ratio is VLi' / VRi'. With this ratio, the quality / degree of dominance, i.e. strong / weak dominance, can also be evaluated.

[0159] Alternatively, another embodiment for quantifying the eye dominance is by adjusting the binocular balance, as Figure 8C exhibited. Thus, after determining 84 the dominant eye of the subject, a 100 correction is provided to the first eye and / or to the second eye, preferably with a foggy lens to the dominant eye. Advantageously, by correcting the dominant eye with a foggy lens instead of correcting by increasing the optical power of the non-dominant eye, it allows to avoid correcting for accommodation instead of eye dominance.

[0160] For the preceding embodiment, the appropriate correction can be obtained by iteration Figure 8C (not exhibited). In other words, a first correction is provided to the first eye and / or to the second eye. Then, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a report describing the feature values of the fused target object is generated, or in other words, a report of how the subject sees the feature values of the fused target object through the lenses is generated. After that, the preceding steps are repeated several times with different optical power lenses or different foggy lenses until the subject indicates that, according to his / her perception, the feature values of the target object of the fused image are constant at each point of the target object of the fused image. Finally, the eye dominance of the subject and / or the binocular balance is quantified according to the optical power or the foggy lens.

[0161] The variation of the optical power of the lenses can be provided directly as a quantification of the dominance. Or the variation of the optical power can be a qualified dominance, e.g. strong or weak. It can be useful to know these data or to provide them to the ECP to help him / her to make a prescription decision (e.g. in case of anisometropia). It can be a decision aid in addition to the visual acuity.

[0162] According to one embodiment, to perform the iterative steps, the control unit can execute an adaptive algorithm. The adaptive algorithm is configured to accept the report describing how the subject 4 sees when presented with the first image 20L, 30L and the second image 20R, 30R and to compute from the report an adjustment of the feature values of the first target object 22L, 32L and / or of the second target object 22R, 32R on the first image 20L, 30L and the second image 20R, 30R to be presented in the next iteration of the first image 20L, 30L and the second image 20R, 30R to the subject 4. The next iteration of the first image 20L, 30L and the second image 20R, 30R to the subject 4 is provided by the target object generation means.

[0163] Advantageously, adjusting the binocular balance allows to determine a pair of ophthalmic lenses adapted to the wearer. To this end, the steps can be:

[0164] - measuring the refraction of each eye of the subject, Figure 8C

[0165] - providing a correction in 92) based on the measured monocular refraction by adjusting the power lens in front of the first eye and / or the second eye. Figure 2A

[0166] The preceding steps described for the method for adjusting the binocular balance are then performed.

[0167] Alternatively, the adjustment of the binocular balance can occur at the beginning of the refraction process or before the refraction process, in particular if the refraction is a binocular refraction.

[0168] Measuring the refraction of each eye of the subject can be an objective measurement using an autorefractor or a subjective measurement using a phoropter with monocular steps or binocular refraction.

[0169] It is thus an object of the disclosure to include a phoropter comprising a device for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject as described in the disclosure.

[0170] In the case where the patient does not suffer from hyperopia, advantageously, the correction of the dominant eye by a blurring lens replaces the correction by an increase in the power of the non-dominant eye, which also allows to reduce the thickness of the lens and thus the power at the end by subtracting the blurring lens from the measured monocular refraction.

[0171] The target object can be surrounded as illustrated for example in Figure 2B 、 Figure 2C 、 Figure 3A in order to increase the attention of the subject to the target object.

[0172] As explained above in the section presenting the "SUMMARY", the use of such first and second images improves the stability of the binocular vision of the subject 4 and makes the observation of these images more comfortable, avoiding the perception of a flashing or flickering of the overall image by the subject (after fusion) and limiting the problem of ocular vergence. This method of providing such images to the dominant eye of the subject can thus be performed more quickly and produces more accurate results.

[0173] Below (with reference to Figure 3B 、 Figure 3C 、 Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C 、 Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B 、 Figure 5C ​​, Figure 6A , Figure 6B , Figure 6C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C and Figure 2A The first, second, third, fourth and fifth pairs of test images are described in the section entitled "Images" in the title "Image" each pair of test images comprising a first image 30L and a second image 30R having the above-mentioned characteristics.

[0174] According to one embodiment of the device described herein, one or several of the pairs of images are stored in the memory of the control unit so that the images can be displayed by the display 7 when the eye dominance method is performed by means of the device 1 described above. More generally, at least one computer program is stored in the memory of the control unit, the computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by the control unit 8, cause the device 1 to perform a method (the method described in detail below) having the above-mentioned characteristics. The computer program comprises data representative of at least one of the pairs of images.

[0175] Figure 2B

[0176] In each pair of exemplary images described below, the first image 30L represents a first target object 32L to the first eye 3 of the subject 4 and the second image 30R represents a second target object 32R to the second eye of the subject 4.

[0177] In each pair of exemplary images described below, the first image 30L and the second image 30R are such that the first target object 32L on the first image 30L and the second target object 32R on the second image 30R have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape. As explained above for the Figure 2C , Figure 3A , Figure 3B The first target object 32L comprises n points (PL1,..., PLi,... PLj,... PLn) and the second target object (22R, 32R) comprises n points (PR1,..., PRi,..., PLj... PRn) with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n. Each point (PLi) of the first target object 32L is matched with a point (PRi) of the second target object 32R with PLi having the same position in the first image 30L as PRi in the second image 30R with 1 < i < n.

[0178] A point can be a pixel of the display.

[0179] Each point (PLi) of the first object and each point (PRi) of the second object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first object and a characteristic value VRi of the second object. The characteristic values VLi, VLj of at least two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different and for each n points (PLi, PRi) of the first object and of the second object

[0180] For any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj.

[0181] Therefore, the characteristic values VRi, VRj of the two points (PRi, PRj) of the second object matching the two points (PLi, PLj) of the first object are different.

[0182] Figure 3C , Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 6A , Figure 6B The image 30S is shown with the added object 32S and as observed, the characteristic values are constant at each point of the added object.

[0183] The characteristic values can be as Figure 6C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C , Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C , Figure 6A , Figure 6B , Figure 6C , Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 3C , Figure 4A , Figure 4B The characteristic values of the objects can correspond to gray levels or intensities or amplitudes of the same color. This embodiment presents the advantage of avoiding problems related to color blindness, since different characteristic values do not correspond to different colors.

[0184] Alternatively, the characteristic values can be colors (not shown).

[0185] Each of the first and second images to be displayed can comprise:

[0186] - a central image with the object and optionally

[0187] - a peripheral image surrounding the central image and effectively contributing to a good balanced fusion process between the left and right visual pathways of the subject.

[0188] Thus, these images can be synthesized in a certain way and, in addition, these images comprise a peripheral image which is more stable because it occupies a portion of the field of view which is wide. It is therefore useful to use a wide screen as described above to provide sufficient space to accommodate such a synthesis of images.

[0189] Figure 4C 、 Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B and Figure 5C 、 Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B shows an image with a uniform peripheral image. Alternatively, Figure 7C 、 Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B 、 Figure 3C 、 Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B 、 Figure 2C 、 Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B and Figure 7C 、 Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B represent a wide variety of content of the peripheral image.

[0190] Advantageously, the wide variety of visual content of the first peripheral image contributes to the stabilizing effect of this image. Indeed, it provides a rich visual support, identical or similar to that present in the second peripheral image, which makes it possible to fuse very stably and balanced between the left and right visual pathways of the subject. It contributes to the focusing and fusion because the 3D scene can bring a perception element of monocular and binocular distance, which stabilizes the visual system. In addition, it attracts the attention of the subject from a visual point of view and contributes to maintaining the subject focused on the test image provided to him / her.

[0191] According to an embodiment, the peripheral image can be:

[0192] - a rich scene,

[0193] - with 3D (perspective),

[0194] - a natural scene,

[0195] - stereoscopic (positive or negative parallax).

[0196] The shape of the target 22L, 32L, 22R, 32R can be:

[0197] - a grid of elements comprising at least four elements, the at least three elements having the same shape and the same size. For example, Figure 2C 、 Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B exhibits a target which is a grid of elements comprising a matrix of six by six elements 34.

[0198] - an element row comprising at least three elements having the same shape and the same size. For example, Figure 7C , Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B shows a target as an element row comprising Figure 7C , Figure 4A , Figure 4B four elements 24 and Figure 4C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B nine elements 24 in Figure 7C , Figure 2A , Figure 2B The peripheral image is uniform on Figure 2C , Figure 3A , Figure 3B and is rich on

[0199] - an element column comprising at least three elements having the same shape and the same size. For example, Figure 3C , Figure 6A , Figure 6B shows a target as an element column comprising four elements 34.

[0200] - at least two stripes. The stripes can be horizontal or vertical. For example, Figure 6C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B shows a target as a set of nine vertical stripes alternating between dark and white stripes.

[0201] - letter(s) or optotype(s) or picture(s). For example, Figure 4 shows a target as a set of letters on a uniform background.

[0202] The elements can be squares, circles, stars, animals or any other type of shape.

[0203] The figures can be squares, circles, stars, animals, objects or any other type of shape.

[0204] Optionally, the target can comprise a uniform background as shown in Figure 7C , Figure 4A , Figure 4B or not, as shown for example in Figure 4C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B

[0205] ​The eigenvalues of the uniform background can be the average values (VLi, VRi) or can be any other constant value.

[0206] Optionally, the central image can comprise a target object and a background, for example with a white background in order to highlight the target object. Figure 7C 、 Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B 、 Figure 2C 、 Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B 、 Figure 3C 、 Figure 6A 、 Figure 6B 、 Figure 6C 、 Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B The target object and the background as presented, for example with a white background in order to highlight the target object.

[0207] Moreover, in each pair of images described above, the first peripheral image and the second peripheral image can not be identical, so that when the first image and the second image are superimposed on each other (their respective frames coincide with each other), some elements of the first peripheral image are slightly shifted with respect to the corresponding elements of the second peripheral image, in order to achieve a 3D stereoscopic rendering of the represented scene. More precisely, in this case, the first peripheral image will represent the actual scene, object or abstract figure as seen from the position of the first eye 2 of the subject, while the second peripheral image will represent the same scene, object or abstract figure as seen from the position of the second eye 3 of the subject.

[0208] The adoption of such stereoscopic images is a very efficient way to get rid of the suppression phenomenon described in the introduction. Indeed, with such test images, the subject has a strong tendency to try to perceive the scene in 3 dimensions and therefore takes into account both left and right visual pathways in the fusion process (thus eliminating the "suppression phenomenon") to obtain this 3-dimensional rendering. When such stereoscopic images are adopted, the way to compute their level of similarity has to be adapted in order to take into account their 3-dimensional nature.

[0209] Figure 7C 、 Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 4C 、 Figure 7A 、 Figure 7B 、 Figure 7C 、 Figure 2A 、 Figure 2B and Figure 2C 、 Figure 3A 、 Figure 3B The examples of the fourth embodiment work very similarly, since in these fourth embodiments the target object is a horizontal, vertical or matrix of points.

[0210] In the case of the fourth embodiment, Figure 3C 、 Figure 6A 、 Figure 6BIn the example of the letter, the first target 32L has a grey background and darker letters, and the second target 32R has the same grey background and lighter letters as the first target. The right dominant eye will cause the user to perceive the text at a lighter level (white letters / grey background). The left dominant eye will cause the user to perceive the text at a darker level (dark text / grey background). The balance will make the text difficult to perceive.

[0211] In Figure 6C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B In the example of the letter, the first target 32L has a grey background and darker letters, and the second target 32R has the same grey background and lighter letters as the first target. The right dominant eye will cause the user to perceive the text at a lighter level (white letters / grey background). The left dominant eye will cause the user to perceive the text at a darker level (dark text / grey background). The balance will make the text difficult to perceive.

[0212] Optionally, the target can be surrounded by a peripheral zone, as illustrated in Figure 7C , Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 7A , Figure 7B , Figure 7C , Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C , Figure 3A , Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure 2B Figure 2C Figure 3A Figure 3B Figure 3C Figure 6A Figure 6B Figure 6C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 4A Figure 4B Figure 4C Figure 7A Figure 7B Figure 7C Figure 2A Figure as illustrated in order to increase the concentration and the ease of observation of the target.

[0213] Optionally, the feature value inside each element of the target is constant but different between at least two elements. This embodiment allows the subject to more easily describe the location of the feature value.

[0214] The methods and images used in the devices of the disclosure can use interactive elements or steps. A keyboard or keypad can be used to input the answers of the subject or to enable the subject to return to a previous scene he / she wishes. An indicator can be used to display graphically the degree of advancement of the method. At the beginning of the test, an explanation about the test and / or a funny nice story telling can be given, explaining the test and focusing on some objects that will be shown during the test (treasure hunt test), in order to arouse the attention, the cooperation and the understanding of the subject to the test (questions / answers) and especially to ensure that the subject is not stressed during the visual inspection.

[0215] While representative methods, apparatus and set of images have been described in detail herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device (1) for quantifying ocular dominance of a subject (4), the device comprising - at least one display (7) for providing a first image (20L, 30L) representing a first target object (22L, 32L) to a first eye (2) of the subject (4) and for providing a second image (20R, 30R) representing a second target object (22R, 32R) to a second eye (3) of the subject (4) such that the subject (4) sees a fused image from the first and second images, the fused image comprising a fused target object having a characteristic value, and - a control unit (8) for controlling the at least one display (7), wherein the first image (20L, 30L) and the second image (20R, 30R) are such that the first target object (22L, 32L) on the first image (20L, 30L) has the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape as the second target object (22R, 32R) on the second image (20R, 30R), the first target object (22L, 32L) comprises n points PL1, PLi,... PLj,... PLn and the second target object (22R, 32R) comprises n points PR1, PRi,... PRj,... PRn, wherein n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; each point PLi of the first target object (22L, 32L) is matched with a point PRi of the second target object (22R, 32R), wherein PLi has the same position in the first image (20L, 30L) as PRi in the second image (20R, 30R), wherein 1 < i < n; each point PLi of the first target object and each point PRi of the second target object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first target object and a characteristic value VRi of the second target object; the characteristic values of at least two points PLi, PLj of the first target object are different; and for each n points PLi, PRi of the first and second target objects for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj, the device is configured to change the perception of the first and second target objects until the subject indicates that, according to his perception, the characteristic value of the fused target object of the fused image is constant at each point of the fused target object of the fused image.

2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising - a first optical unit (5) and a second optical unit (6) located in front of the first eye (2) and the second eye (3) of the subject (4), respectively, - a power adjuster for changing the optical power of the first optical unit (5) in front of the first eye (2) of the subject (4) and the optical power of the second optical unit (6) in front of the second eye (3) of the subject (4) to change the perception of the first and second objects, the power adjuster being controlled by the control unit (8).

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The characteristic value (V n , V' n ) of the target object (22L, 32L, 22R, 32R) is brightness or color.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The shape of the objects (22L, 32L, 22R, 32R) is: - an element grid comprising at least four elements (34) having the same shape and the same size, - an element row comprising at least three elements (24) having the same shape and the same size, - an element column comprising at least three elements (34) having the same shape and the same size, - at least two bars (34), - at least one letter (34) or at least one optotype or at least one figure.

5. The device of claim 1 or 2, comprising an adaptive algorithm executed by the control unit (8), the adaptive algorithm being configured to accept a report describing how the subject (4) sees when presented with the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R), and compute, from the report, adjustments of characteristic values of the first and second objects (22L, 32L, 22R, 32R) on the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R) to be presented in a next iteration of the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R) to change the perception of the first and second objects, an object generation component configured to provide the subject (4) with a next iteration of the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R).

6. The device of claim 2, comprising an adaptive algorithm executed by the control unit (8), the adaptive algorithm being configured to accept a report describing how the subject (4) sees when presented with the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R), and compute, from the report, adjustments of the optical power of the first and second optical units (5, 6) in a next iteration of the first and second images (20L, 30L, 20R, 30R).

7. A phoropter comprising a device for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject according to any of the preceding claims.

8. A method for quantifying the ocular dominance of a subject (4), the method comprising - providing (81) a first image (20L, 30L) to a first eye (2) of the subject (4), the first image representing a first object (22L, 32L), - providing (81) a second image (20R, 30R) to a second eye (3) of the subject (4), the second image representing a second target object (22R, 32R), wherein, - the first image (20L, 30L) and the second image (20R, 30R) are such that the first target object (22L, 32L) on the first image (20L, 30L) and the second target object (22R, 32R) on the second image (20R, 30R) have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape, - the first target object (22L, 32L) comprises n points PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn and the second target object (22R, 32R) comprises n points PR1,..., PRi,..., PRj,..., PRn, with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; - each point PLi of the first target object (22L, 32L) is matched with a point PRi on the second target object (22R, 32R), with PLi having the same position in the first image (20L, 30L) as PRi in the second image (20R, 30R), with 1 < i < n; - each point PLi of the first target object and each point PRi of the second target object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the first target object and a characteristic value VRi of the second target object; - the characteristic values of at least two points PLi, PLj of the first target object are different; and - for each n points PLi, PRi of the first target object and of the second target object - for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj; - checking (82) that the subject (4) sees a fused image from the first image and the second image, the fused image comprising a fused target object having a characteristic value; - generating (83) a first report describing the characteristic value of the fused image; - determining (84), based on the report, which of the first eye (2) of the subject (4) and the second eye (3) of the subject (4) is the dominant eye of the subject (4); - changing the perception of the first target object and of the second target object until the subject indicates, according to his perception, that the characteristic value of the fused target object of the fused image is constant at each point of the fused target object of the fused image.

9. The method according to claim 8, comprising further, after determining which of the first eye (2) of the subject (4) and the second eye (3) of the subject (4) is the dominant eye of the subject (4): - providing (85) a third image (20L, 30L) to the first eye (2) of the subject (4), the third image representing a third target object (22L, 32L), - providing (86) a fourth image (20R, 30R) to the second eye (3) of the subject (4), the fourth image representing a fourth target object (22R, 32R), - the third image (20L, 30L) and the fourth image (20R, 30R) are such that the third target object (22L, 32L) on the third image (20L, 30L) and the fourth target object (22R, 32R) on the fourth image (20R, 30R) have the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape, - the third target object (22L, 32L) comprises n points PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn and the fourth target object (22R, 32R) comprises n points PR1,..., PRi,..., PRj,..., PRn, with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; - each point PLi of the third target object (22L, 32L) is matched with a point PRi on the fourth target object (22R, 32R), with PLi having the same position in the third image (20L, 30L) as PRi in the fourth image (20R, 30R), with 1 < i < n; - each point PLi of the third target object and each point PRi of the fourth target object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of the third target object and a characteristic value VRi of the fourth target object; - the characteristic values of at least two points PLi, PLj of the third target object are different; and - for each n points PLi, PRi of the third target object and of the fourth target object - for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj; - checking (87) that the subject (4) sees a fused image from the third image and the fourth image, the fused image comprising a fused target object having a characteristic value; - generating (88) a second report describing the characteristic value of the fused image; - determining (89), based on the second report, which of the first eye (2) of the subject (4) and the second eye (3) of the subject (4) is the dominant eye of the subject (4). - computing (85) from said report an adjustment of characteristic values VLi, VRi of said first object (22L, 32L) and / or of said second object (22R, 32R) on said first image (20L, 30L) and on said second image (20R, 30R) to be rendered in the next iteration of said first image (20L, 30L) and of said second image (20R, 30R); - providing (86) adjusted characteristic values VLi', VRi' for the next iteration of said first image (20L, 30L) and of said second image (20R, 30R); - generating (87) a second report describing how said subject (4) sees the characteristic values of the fused object from the next iteration of said first image and of said second image; - performing (88) the preceding steps until said subject indicates that, according to his perception, the characteristic values of the fused object of the fused image are constant at each point of the fused object of the fused image; - quantifying (89) the ocular dominance of said subject based on the reports of said subject.

10. The method of any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein, the shape of said object is a set of at least three elements having the same shape and the same size, wherein the characteristic value of said object is the luminance, and wherein said report describes the position of the brightest and / or darkest element of the fused object of the fused image.

11. The method of any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein, said object is a set of at least three elements having the same shape and the same size, wherein the characteristic value of said object is the color of said object, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj meaning that VLi and VRi correspond to a first color and VLj and VRj correspond to a second color, said second color being the complementary color of said first color, wherein said report describes the position of said color on the fused object of the fused image.

12. The method of any one of claims 8-9, wherein, the fused image is a 3D stereoscopic image.

13. A method for adjusting the binocular balance of a subject, said method comprising - providing (81) to a first eye (3) of said subject (4) a first image (20L, 30L), said first image representing a first object (22L, 32L), - providing (81) to a second eye (2) of said subject (4) a second image (20R, 30R), said second image representing a second object (22R, 32R), wherein said first image (20L, 30L) and said second image (20R, 30R) are such that said first object (22L, 32L) on said first image (20L, 30L) has the same position, the same orientation, the same size and the same shape as said second object (22R, 32R) on said second image (20R, 30R), said first object (22L, 32L) comprises n points PL1,..., PLi,..., PLj,..., PLn and said second object (22R, 32R) comprises n points PR1,..., PRi,..., PRj,..., PRn, with n > 2, 1 < i < n and 1 < j < n; each point PLi of said first object (22L, 32L) is matched with a point PRi on said second object (22R, 32R), with PLi having the same position in said first image (20L, 30L) as PRi in said second image (20R, 30R), with 1 < i < n; each point PLi of said first object and each point PRi of said second object respectively correspond to a characteristic value VLi of said first object and to a characteristic value VRi of said second object; the characteristic values of at least two points PLi, PLj of said first object are different; and for each n points PLi, PRi of said first object and of said second object for any i and j, VLi + VRi = VLj + VRj; - checking (82) that the subject (4) sees from said first image and from said second image a fusion image comprising a fusion object having a characteristic value; - generating (83) a report describing the characteristic value of said fusion image; - determining (84) which of the first eye (2) of the subject (4) and of the second eye (3) of the subject (4) is the dominant eye of the subject (4) based on said report; - providing (100) a correction of the dominant eye of the subject by adjusting the focal power lens in front of said first eye and / or of said second eye until the characteristic value of said fusion image is constant when seen by the subject.

14. The method for adjusting the balance of the two eyes of a subject according to claim 13, comprising, - measuring (91) the refraction of each eye of the subject; - providing (92) a correction based on the measured refraction by adjusting the focal power lens in front of said first eye and / or of said second eye.

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