Large-area perovskite solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a large-area perovskite solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: processing a first isolation groove penetrating through a first electrode along a thickness direction in the first electrode; sequentially arranging a first modification layer, a perovskite layer and a second modification layer on the first electrode; etching the second modification layer, the perovskite layer and the first modification layer to form a second isolation groove continuously penetrating through the second modification layer, the perovskite layer and the first modification layer along the thickness direction; arranging a second electrode on the second modification layer; and etching the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer to form a third isolation groove continuously penetrating through the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer along the thickness direction. The manufacturing method of the large-area perovskite solar cell module can remove most of the perovskite and completely remove the second electrode, and has no crater and explosion edge, and a third isolation groove with a more perfect cut is obtained, and the stability of the large-area perovskite solar cell module is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic module preparation, and particularly relates to a large-area perovskite solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of human beings, non-renewable energy is consumed faster and faster in modern times, and people are increasing the use of clean and renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy. As a new type of solar cell, perovskite solar cells have the advantages of simple preparation, low cost, high conversion efficiency, and flexibility, and are expected to gradually replace the current commercial silicon solar cells. At present, the efficiency of small-area perovskite cell devices in the laboratory has exceeded 25%, but the preparation of large-size perovskite cell modules still faces some challenges, and the laser process of perovskite modules needs further research. At present, the third isolation groove of large-area perovskite modules is generally processed by laser etching and mechanical scribing, and adhesive tape.

[0003] Mechanical scribing is easily limited in precision and is prone to generate dust, harmful substances, and other substances that are not easy to collect, and has a low yield. Since the area of the adhesive tape is large, it leads to excessive dead area, and the pasting and tearing of the adhesive tape are not conducive to industrial production. Therefore, the third isolation groove of large-area perovskite modules is mostly processed by laser etching. Laser processing of the third isolation groove has many choices, such as infrared, ultraviolet, and green light laser sources. There are also differences in processing methods, such as upper surface processing and lower surface processing. The commonly used method is to use green light laser to pass through the first electrode and act on the perovskite to remove the second electrode (lower surface processing). This processing method is prone to produce an explosion edge, which affects the calculation of the area and the stability of the module. Another method is to use infrared laser to directly act on the second electrode to complete the etching of the third isolation groove (upper surface processing). This processing method produces a large crater, which affects the subsequent process and thus affects the stability. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a large-area perovskite solar cell module and a manufacturing method thereof to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the foregoing purposes of the application, the technical solutions adopted by the embodiments of the present application include:

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a large-area perovskite solar cell module, which comprises a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked.

[0007] A first isolation groove penetrates the first electrode in the thickness direction,

[0008] A second isolation groove penetrates the perovskite layer in the thickness direction, and

[0009] a third isolation groove continuously penetrating the second electrode and the perovskite layer in the thickness direction;

[0010] Further, the first isolation groove, the second isolation groove, and the third isolation groove are sequentially arranged in a specified direction, and the specified direction is parallel to the surface of the perovskite layer.

[0011] Further, the large-area perovskite solar cell module further comprises:

[0012] a first modification layer arranged between the first electrode and the perovskite layer,

[0013] a second modification layer arranged between the second electrode and the perovskite layer;

[0014] Further, the second isolation groove continuously penetrates the first modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the second modification layer in the thickness direction, and the third isolation groove continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer in the thickness direction.

[0015] The first modification layer further comprises a first filling structure filled in the first isolation groove, and the second electrode further comprises a second filling structure filled in the second isolation groove.

[0016] Further, the bottom of the second isolation groove reaches the surface of the first electrode.

[0017] Further, the interval between the first isolation groove and the second isolation groove in the specified direction is 10-50 um, and the interval between the second isolation groove and the third isolation groove in the specified direction is 10-50 um.

[0018] The embodiment of the present application further provides a manufacturing method of a large-area perovskite solar cell module, comprising the steps of manufacturing a first electrode, a first modification layer, a perovskite layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode arranged in layers; the manufacturing method further comprises:

[0019] a first isolation groove is machined in the first electrode, and the first isolation groove penetrates the first electrode in the thickness direction,

[0020] the first modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the second modification layer are sequentially arranged on the first electrode, and the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer are physically machined and / or chemically etched, so as to form a second isolation groove, and the second isolation groove continuously penetrates the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer in the thickness direction;

[0021] a second electrode is arranged on the second modification layer, and the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer are physically machined and / or chemically etched, so as to form a third isolation groove, and the third isolation groove continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer in the thickness direction.

[0022] Further, the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer are etched by using an ultraviolet laser to form a third isolation groove.

[0023] Further, the preparation method of the first modification layer and the second modification layer comprises any one of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, slot coating, spraying, blade coating or screen printing.

[0024] Further, the preparation of the perovskite layer comprises: uniformly coating a perovskite precursor solution on the first modification layer by using any one of slot coating, spraying, blade coating or screen printing; and removing the solvent by using any one or more of vacuum flash evaporation, air knife method, tunnel furnace, hierarchical furnace drying, hot plate annealing, so that the perovskite is dried and crystallized on the first modification layer to form the perovskite layer, preferably, the solvent in the perovskite precursor solution comprises any one or more of DMF, DMSO, NMP or γ-GB.

[0025] Further, the preparation of the second electrode comprises: depositing on the second modification layer by using one or a combination of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The manufacturing method of the large-area perovskite solar cell module can greatly remove the perovskite and completely remove the second electrode without craters and burst edges, and a third isolation groove with a more perfect cut is obtained, so that the stability of the large-area perovskite module is improved, the risk of subsequent process manufacturing is reduced, and the effective area of the battery can be more accurately calculated without craters and burst edges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a large-area perovskite solar cell module in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 is a stability comparison diagram of the large-area perovskite solar cell modules prepared in Example 2, Comparative Example I and Comparative Example 2.

[0031] The reference numerals are as follows: 1, first electrode; 2, first modification layer; 3, perovskite layer; 4, second modification layer; 5, second electrode; P1, first isolation groove; P2, second isolation groove; P3, third isolation groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: detailed embodiments of the present application are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the application and can be embodied in various forms. Application specific details for a particular only should not be treated as limiting, but rather as merely representative of representative bases for employing the present application in virtually any appropriate detailed embodiment as taught to one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0033] One aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a large-area perovskite solar cell module, comprising a first electrode, a perovskite layer and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked; characterized in that the solar cell module further comprises:

[0034] a first isolation groove which penetrates the first electrode along a thickness direction,

[0035] a second isolation groove which penetrates the perovskite layer at least along the thickness direction, and

[0036] a third isolation groove which continuously penetrates the second electrode and the perovskite layer at least along the thickness direction;

[0037] and the first isolation groove, the second isolation groove and the third isolation groove are sequentially arranged along a specified direction which is parallel to the surface of the perovskite layer.

[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the large-area perovskite solar cell module further comprises:

[0039] a first modification layer arranged between the first electrode and the perovskite layer,

[0040] a second modification layer arranged between the second electrode and the perovskite layer;

[0041] and the second isolation groove continuously penetrates the first modification layer, the perovskite layer and the second modification layer along the thickness direction, and the third isolation groove continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer along the thickness direction;

[0042] the first modification layer further comprises a first filling structure filled in the first isolation groove, and the second electrode further comprises a second filling structure filled in the second isolation groove.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the groove bottom of the second isolation groove reaches the surface of the first electrode.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the distance between the first isolation groove and the second isolation groove in a specified direction is 10-50um, and the distance between the second isolation groove and the third isolation groove in a specified direction is 10-50um.

[0045] Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a large-area perovskite solar cell module, comprising the steps of manufacturing a first electrode, a first modification layer, a perovskite layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode which are stacked; the manufacturing method further comprises:

[0046] A first isolation groove is machined in the first electrode, the first isolation groove penetrates the first electrode along the thickness direction,

[0047] A first modification layer, a perovskite layer, and a second modification layer are sequentially arranged on the first electrode, and the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer are physically machined and / or chemically etched, thereby forming a second isolation groove, the second isolation groove continuously penetrates the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer along the thickness direction;

[0048] A second electrode is arranged on the second modification layer, and the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer are physically machined and / or chemically etched, thereby forming a third isolation groove, the third isolation groove continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer along the thickness direction.

[0049] In some preferred embodiments, the second electrode, the second modification layer, and the perovskite layer are etched by using ultraviolet laser, thereby forming the third isolation groove.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the etching method of the first isolation groove and the second isolation groove can include any one of laser etching, chemical etching, mechanical scribing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method of the first modification layer and the second modification layer can include any one of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, slot coating, spraying, blade coating, screen printing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation of the perovskite layer comprises: using any one of slot coating, spraying, blade coating, or screen printing to uniformly coat a perovskite precursor solution on the first modification layer; and using any one or more of vacuum flash evaporation method, air knife method, tunnel furnace, hierarchical furnace drying, hot plate annealing, or other solvent removal methods to dry and crystallize the perovskite on the first modification layer, thereby forming the perovskite layer.

[0053] In some more preferred embodiments, the solvent in the perovskite precursor solution can include any one or a combination of DMF, DMSO, NMP, gamma-GB, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the preparation of the second electrode includes: using one or a combination of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition deposition method to prepare on the second modification layer.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments, the first electrode uses conductive glass.

[0056] In some more preferred embodiments, the conductive glass can include FTO glass or ITO glass, but is not limited thereto.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments, the second electrode uses a transparent electrode of a metal oxide.

[0058] In some more preferred embodiments, the metal oxide can include any one or a combination of ITO, IWO, FTO, IZO, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the first modification layer and the second modification layer are respectively one of an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer.

[0060] In some more preferred embodiments, the electron transport layer can include any one or a combination of PCBM, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0061] In some more preferred embodiments, the hole transport layer can include any one or a combination of NiO, Spiro-OMeTAD, CuGaO2, CuSCN, P3HT, PEDOT: PSS, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, the structural formula of the perovskite layer can include any one or a combination of MAPbI3, FAPbI3, FAMAPbI3, FACsPbI3, FAMACsPbI3 (wherein MA is CH3NH3, FA is CH(NH2)2), etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0063] The preparation method of the large-area perovskite solar cell module provided by the embodiments of the present application mainly processes the second electrode and the perovskite layer twice by using ultraviolet light, which can greatly remove the perovskite and completely remove the second electrode without craters and burst edges, obtain a third isolation groove with a more perfect notch, and improve the stability of the large-area perovskite module.

[0064] The technical solutions, implementation processes, and principles will be further explained as follows.

[0065] Embodiment 1

[0066] The large-area perovskite solar cell module according to the embodiment of the present application comprises a first electrode 1, a first modification layer 2, a perovskite layer 3, a second modification layer 4, and a second electrode 5 which are sequentially stacked, as shown in the figure. Figure 1 In this embodiment, the large-area perovskite solar cell module further comprises a first isolation groove P1, a second isolation groove P2, and a third isolation groove P3. The first isolation groove P1 penetrates the first electrode 1 along the thickness direction. The second isolation groove P2 continuously penetrates the first modification layer 2, the perovskite layer 3, and the second modification layer 4 along the thickness direction. The third isolation groove P3 continuously penetrates the second electrode 5, the second modification layer 4, and the perovskite layer 3 along the thickness direction. In addition, the first isolation groove P1, the second isolation groove P2, and the third isolation groove P3 are sequentially arranged along a specified direction, and the specified direction is parallel to the surface of the perovskite layer 3.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first modification layer 2 further comprises a first filling structure filled in the first isolation groove P1, and the second electrode 5 further comprises a second filling structure filled in the second isolation groove P2.

[0068] In the specific implementation process, the groove bottom of the second isolation groove P2 reaches the surface of the first electrode 1. The interval between the first isolation groove P1 and the second isolation groove P2 in the specified direction is 10-50 um, and the interval between the second isolation groove P2 and the third isolation groove P3 in the specified direction is 10-50 um.

[0069] In the specific implementation, the first electrode 1 adopts conductive glass, which can be FTO glass or ITO glass. In this embodiment, the conductive glass is FTO.

[0070] The second electrode 5 adopts a transparent electrode of metal oxide, which can be any one or a combination of multiple of ITO, IWO, FTO, IZO, etc. In this embodiment, the second electrode 5 adopts a transparent electrode of IWO.

[0071] The first modification layer 2 and the second modification layer 4 are respectively one of an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer, in the embodiment, the first modification layer 2 is a hole transport layer, and the second modification layer 4 is an electron transport layer; wherein the electron transport layer can be any one or a combination of multiple of PCBM, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, Nb2O5, etc., and the electron transport layer in the embodiment is PCBM; the hole transport layer can be any one or a combination of multiple of NiOx, Spiro-OMeTAD, CuGaO2, CuSCN, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, etc., and the hole transport layer in the embodiment is NIOX.

[0072] The structural formula of the perovskite layer 3 can be any one or a combination of multiple of MAPbI3, FAPbI3, FAMAPbI3, FACsPbI3, FAMACsPbI3 (wherein MA is CH3NH3, and FA is CH(NH2)2), etc.

[0073] In the embodiment, the structural formula of the perovskite layer 3 is FAMACsPbI3.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] The embodiment provides a manufacturing method of the large-area perovskite solar cell module of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0076] A plurality of first isolation grooves P1 are etched on the first electrode 1 by any one of laser etching, chemical etching, mechanical scribing, etc.

[0077] The first modification layer 2 is prepared on the first electrode 1 by any one of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, slot coating, spraying, blade coating, and screen printing, etc.

[0078] The perovskite precursor solution of DMF is uniformly coated on the first modification layer 2 by any one of slot coating, spraying, blade coating, or screen printing; and any one or more of vacuum flash evaporation, air knife method, tunnel furnace, hierarchical furnace drying, hot plate annealing, etc. are used to remove the solvent, so that the perovskite is dried and crystallized on the first modification layer 2 to form the perovskite layer 3.

[0079] The second modification layer 4 is prepared on the perovskite layer 3 by any one of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, slot coating, spraying, blade coating, and screen printing, etc.

[0080] A plurality of second isolation grooves P2 are etched on the second modification layer 4, the perovskite layer 3, and the first modification layer 1 by any one of laser etching, chemical etching, mechanical scribing, etc.

[0081] The second electrode 5 is prepared on the second modification layer 4 by one or more of the following deposition methods: magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition.

[0082] The second electrode 5, the second modification layer 4 and the perovskite layer 3 are processed on the upper surface by etching twice at the same position with ultraviolet laser under laser conditions of 200KHZ-600KHZ, 500mm / s-1200mm / s and 0.2W-0.4W, so as to process several third isolation trenches P3.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The fabrication method of the first 5 layers and P1P2 is the same as in Example 1. The lower surface of the second electrode 5, the second modification layer 4 and the perovskite layer 3 is processed by using a green laser to etch once at the P3 position under laser conditions of 50KHZ-80KHZ, 500mm / s-1200mm / s and 0.18W-0.32W (since green light is different from ultraviolet light, the effect of green light etching once is better than etching twice, so Comparative Example 1 uses green light to process the lower surface once. Similarly, green light processing of the lower surface is better than processing the upper surface) to process several third isolation grooves P3.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] The fabrication method of the first 5 layers and P1P2 is the same as in Example 1. The upper surface of the second electrode 5, the second modification layer 4 and the perovskite layer 3 is processed by infrared laser. At the P3 position, the laser is etched once under the conditions of 40KHZ-60KHZ, 500mm / s-1200mm / s and 2W-4W (since infrared light is different from ultraviolet light, the effect of one etching by infrared light is better than two etchings, so Comparative Example 2 uses infrared light to process the upper surface once. Since the first electrode 1 absorbs infrared light, infrared light cannot be used for processing the lower surface). This process creates several third isolation grooves P3.

[0087] The stability of the large-area perovskite solar cell modules prepared in Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 was compared. The comparison results are shown in [Figure 1]. Figure 2 ,Depend on Figure 2 As can be seen, MPPT and power stability tracking were performed on Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. It can be seen that under the same conditions, the initial efficiency and stability of Example 2 are better than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Therefore, the ultraviolet laser scheme improves the stability of the perovskite module.

[0088] In addition, the inventors of this case also conducted experiments with other raw materials, process operations, and process conditions described in this specification, referring to the aforementioned embodiments, and obtained relatively ideal results in all cases.

[0089] While the application has been described with reference to the illustrative embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various other changes, omissions, additions and / or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the application without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the application not be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated otherwise, any use of the terms first, second, etc., does not denote any ordinal, precedence, or importance, but is used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another.

Claims

1. A large-area perovskite solar cell module, comprising a first electrode, a perovskite layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially; characterized in that, The solar cell module also includes: A first modification layer is disposed between the first electrode and the perovskite layer. The second modification layer is disposed between the second electrode and the perovskite layer; The first isolation trench extends through the first electrode along the thickness direction, and the first modification layer further includes a first filling structure filled in the first isolation trench; The second isolation trench continuously penetrates the first modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the second modification layer along its thickness direction. The second electrode further includes a second filling structure filled in the second isolation trench. The third isolation trench is formed by etching the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer twice at the same location using an ultraviolet laser with laser conditions of 200KHZ-600KHZ, 500mm / s-1200mm / s and 0.2W-0.4W. The third isolation trench continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer along the thickness direction. Furthermore, the first isolation trench, the second isolation trench, and the third isolation trench are arranged sequentially along a specified direction, which is parallel to the surface of the perovskite layer.

2. The large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the second isolation groove reaches the surface of the first electrode.

3. The large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the first isolation groove and the second isolation groove in a specified direction is 10-50 μm, and the distance between the second isolation groove and the third isolation groove in a specified direction is 10-50 μm.

4. A method for fabricating a large-area perovskite solar cell module, comprising the steps of fabricating a first electrode, a first modification layer, a perovskite layer, a second modification layer, and a second electrode stacked together; characterized in that, The manufacturing method further includes: A first isolation groove is machined in the first electrode, and the first isolation groove penetrates the first electrode along the thickness direction. A first modification layer, a perovskite layer, and a second modification layer are sequentially disposed on the first electrode, and the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer are physically processed and / or chemically etched to form a second isolation trench. The second isolation trench continuously penetrates the second modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the first modification layer along the thickness direction. The second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer are etched twice at the same location using an ultraviolet laser with laser conditions of 200KHZ-600KHZ, 500mm / s-1200mm / s and 0.2W-0.4W, thereby forming a third isolation trench. The third isolation trench continuously penetrates the second electrode, the second modification layer and the perovskite layer along the thickness direction.

5. The method for fabricating a large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation methods of the first and second modification layers include any one of magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, slot coating, spraying, scraping, or screen printing.

6. The method for fabricating a large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the perovskite layer includes: uniformly coating the perovskite precursor solution onto the first modification layer using any one of the following methods: slot coating, spraying, scraping, or screen printing; and then using any one or more solvent removal methods, such as vacuum flash evaporation, air knife method, tunnel furnace, layered furnace drying, or hot plate annealing, to dry and crystallize the perovskite on the first modification layer to form the perovskite layer.

7. The method for manufacturing a large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solvent in the perovskite precursor solution includes any one or more combinations of DMF, DMSO, NMP, or γ-GB.

8. The method for fabricating a large-area perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the second electrode includes: using one or more of the following deposition methods, namely magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, reactive plasma deposition, vapor deposition or atomic layer deposition, to prepare it on the second modification layer.

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