Wireless data acquisition system and automatic networking method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a wireless data acquisition system and an automatic networking method, comprising an acquisition terminal and a data center, wherein the data center corresponds to more than two acquisition terminals; the acquisition terminal is used to establish a communication connection with the data center; the networking method is that the acquisition terminal sends a first message at a set time node, and the data center sends a corresponding second message after receiving the first message. The acquisition terminal collects the second information during the monitoring process, and then the acquisition terminal is marked as a first-level terminal after collecting the second information, and an information connection is formed between the first-level terminal and the data center. After an interval time node, the acquisition terminal that is not synchronized with the data center information sends a data packet again, so that the acquisition terminal that is not synchronized with the data center information is connected to the acquisition terminal information accessed to the data center, until N acquisition terminals obtain routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center and complete the networking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an agricultural irrigation system, and in particular to a wireless data acquisition system and an automatic networking method. Background Art

[0002] With the rise of the Internet of Things technology, real-time sensory data are all gathered on the Internet platform, and the data transmission methods are diverse. The current perception layer of the Internet of Things requires a huge number of collection terminals, and the data of the perception layer needs to be connected to the Internet platform. In the process of network path networking, networking through wired methods may be limited by the cost of laying cables, resulting in a low limit on the bus communication distance. At the same time, if the connection node on the bus fails, the entire system may be paralyzed.

[0003] Some material networks use wireless transmission. The perception layer of the Internet of Things gathers data to the collection center through wireless transmission. Its collection terminal establishes connections with the Internet platform through GPRS, NBIOT, 4G, 5G, WIFI, Ethernet, etc., completing the data aggregation of various information to the Internet platform.

[0004] In actual use, although the acquisition terminal is directly wirelessly connected to the Internet platform, saving the cost of laying cables, the installation area of ​​the acquisition terminal is subject to the external environment, such as buildings, trees, outdoor mountains, and meteorological factors, which will affect the wireless communication distance of the acquisition terminal. If the transmission distance of wireless communication is increased, the transmission power of the acquisition terminal will generally increase. Increasing the transmission power of the acquisition terminal will increase the terminal cost on the one hand, and the larger the coverage range of the acquisition terminal, the lower the signal stability and the greater the risk of packet loss. Therefore, it is worth studying how to perform systematic formulation optimization based on the existing acquisition terminals. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wireless data acquisition system and an automatic networking method, in order to improve the problem of high energy consumption of equipment caused by excessive wireless coverage of acquisition terminals, and unstable transmission of acquisition terminals in areas with complex terrain.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A wireless data acquisition system includes an acquisition terminal and a data center, wherein the data center corresponds to more than two acquisition terminals;.

[0008] Preferably, the acquisition terminal includes a LORA module, which is used to monitor and output wireless signals; when the LORA module monitors that the wireless signal is in an idle state, the LORA module sends a data packet via wireless communication, and the LORA module collects the data packet and records the MAKID in the data packet; the acquisition terminal performs route matching through the recorded MAKID.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the above MAKID is an activation key with an ID for the acquisition terminal, and the acquisition terminal corresponding to each MAKID is unique.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the acquisition terminal also includes a sensor and a controller, the sensor is connected to the controller signal, and the LORA module is connected to the controller signal; the sensor collects external environmental data and transmits the environmental data to the controller, and the controller receives the data and controls the LORA module to output the environmental data bidirectionally.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the controller triggers the LORA module at a fixed time, and the LORA module is used to monitor wireless signals and send wireless signals within a set time point.

[0012] A further technical solution is that when the sensor of the secondary terminal outputs data to the primary terminal, the data output by the secondary terminal includes the MAKID of the primary terminal, and the primary terminal transfers the data until the data is transmitted to the data center.

[0013] Preferably, the system also includes a power supply system, which includes a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller and a battery. The photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery via the photovoltaic controller, and the battery is electrically connected to the collection terminal, and the battery supplies power to the collection terminal.

[0014] The present invention also discloses an automatic networking method, comprising the following steps: a collection terminal sends a first message at a set time node, the first message is a routing signal and contains a data packet of a source data terminal MAKID; after receiving the first message, a data center sends a corresponding second message, the second message is a feedback signal and contains a data packet of the first signal source data terminal MAKID and a data center MAKID; if the collection terminal collects the second message during the monitoring process, the collection terminal is marked as a primary terminal after collecting the second message, and an information connection is formed between the primary terminal and the data center; after an interval time node, the collection terminal that has not collected the second message is marked as a secondary terminal and sends a third message; the third message is a routing signal and contains a data packet of the secondary terminal MAKID data packet; the collection terminal marked as the first-level terminal records and sends the corresponding fourth information after collecting the third information, and the fourth information is a feedback signal and contains a data packet of the second-level terminal MAKID, the first-level terminal MAKID and the data center MAKID; the second-level terminal that collects the fourth information is connected to the first-level terminal; the first-level terminal serves as an information transmission node between the second-level terminal and the data center, so that the second-level terminal and the data center form an information transmission path; after the interval time node, the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information sends a data packet again, so that the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information is connected to the collection terminal information connected to the data center, until N collection terminals obtain routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center and complete networking.

[0015] A further technical solution is that the collection terminal transmits data to the data center, the primary terminal directly transmits data to the data center, the secondary terminal transmits data to the primary terminal, and the data of the secondary terminal is received by the primary terminal and transmitted to the data center.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are at least one of the following:

[0017] The present invention can collect data through the collection terminal. The collection terminal adopts MAKID to transmit data to each other in a directional manner, and multiple collection terminals transfer data to each other, so that the data sent by the collection terminal is finally gathered to the data center. This method can improve the wireless communication of some collection terminals that cannot directly connect to the data center, or the local transmission direction of the collection terminal is blocked, so that a path is formed between the collection terminals, ensuring that multiple collection terminals can transfer data with the data center; the mutual transfer networking method is adopted, so that the communication distance limit can be covered over a large area by increasing the number of collection terminals, and the wireless range of the collection terminal does not need to be expanded, so that the system can adapt to various data collection application scenarios.

[0018] The system of the present invention can utilize the collection terminal to use the gateway to store the current collection terminal communication path, so that in multiple matching processes, the collection terminal records multiple path points, so that the collection terminal uses the node through the gateway technology to send commands or data to the target collection terminal. If necessary, the collection terminal can use the gateway technology to send a path request to the target collection terminal, so that each collection terminal establishes a communication path between the collection terminal and the target collection terminal according to its own communication path list, thereby sending commands to the corresponding collection terminal, and the collection terminal initiates communication with the target collection terminal according to the received path information, thereby ensuring the stability of data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system distribution of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the data collection terminal of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0022] refer to Figure 1 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention is a wireless data acquisition system, comprising an acquisition terminal 1 and a data center 2, wherein the data center 2 corresponds to more than two acquisition terminals 1; the acquisition terminal 1 is used to establish a communication connection with the data center 2; wherein the acquisition terminal 1 monitors wireless signals, the acquisition terminal 1 is an existing terminal, the acquisition terminal can output a routing signal containing its own data terminal MAKID within a set time, the acquisition terminal 1 outputs the routing signal and performs timing, the data center 2 is used to receive the routing signal and send a feedback signal, and the acquisition terminal 1 reads the feedback signal to access the data center 2;

[0023] The above-mentioned collection terminal 1 sends out the first information at the set time node, and the above-mentioned first information is a routing signal and a data packet containing the source data terminal MAKID; the above-mentioned data center 2 sends out the corresponding second information after receiving the first information, and the above-mentioned second information is a data packet containing the first signal source data terminal MAKID and the data center 2 MAKID.

[0024] During the networking process, all collection terminals 1 and data centers 2 are first started; after the collection terminal 1 is started, the collection terminal 1 performs a monitoring at the set time node to confirm whether there is directional wireless data through monitoring. If no directional wireless data is monitored, it indicates that the wireless system is in an idle state. That is, at this time, the collection terminal 1 sends a first signal by wireless output. The collection terminal 1 is distributed so that the first signal has a larger coverage area.

[0025] When the above-mentioned acquisition terminal 1 acquires the second information during the monitoring process, the acquisition terminal 1 is marked as a primary terminal after acquiring the second information, and an information connection is formed between the primary terminal and the data center 2. Within the coverage area, after receiving the first information, the data center 2 records the first signal source data terminal MAKID and sends the second information. Since the second information is a feedback signal and contains the first signal source data terminal MAKID, when the second information received by the acquisition terminal 1 contains its own MAKID, it indicates that the wireless coverage of the acquisition terminal 1 overlaps with that of the data center 2, and the acquisition terminal 1 can directly establish a routing connection with the data center 2 and realize data transmission. After the interval time node, the collection terminal 1 that has not collected the second information is marked as a secondary terminal and sends out the third information; the above third information is a routing signal and a data packet containing the secondary terminal MAKID; the collection terminal 1 marked as a primary terminal records and sends out the corresponding fourth information after collecting the third information, and the above fourth information is a feedback signal and a data packet containing the secondary terminal MAKID, the primary terminal MAKID and the data center 2 MAKID; the secondary terminal that collects the fourth information is connected to the primary terminal; the primary terminal serves as an information transmission node between the secondary terminal and the data center 2, so that the secondary terminal and the data center 2 information are synchronized.

[0026] After the collection terminal 1 sends the first signal, it immediately conducts data monitoring, and the interval time point is the set timing start. Specifically, if the collection terminal 1 does not receive a signal containing its own MAKID after a certain time range, the collection terminal 1 sends a third information of the same type as the first signal again;

[0027] At this time, when the collection terminal 1 marked as a first-level terminal is monitoring, if the third information is collected, the MAKID in the third information can be recorded; then the collection terminal 1 marked as a first-level terminal sends the fourth information.

[0028] Among them, the secondary terminal MAKID contained in the fourth information is mainly for the convenience of secondary terminal identification, that is, after the secondary terminal MAKID collects its own MAKID, it enters the primary terminal MAKID in the fourth information; the primary terminal MAKID is convenient for the secondary terminal to record, so that the secondary terminal can record the primary terminal MAKID, thereby facilitating the connection between the primary terminal and the secondary terminal. Among them, the data center 2 MAKID is mainly used for data center 2 identification to avoid data center 2 feedback on the fourth information. It is worth noting that when the acquisition terminal 1 obtains the MAKID of data center 2, it means that the connection path with data center 2 is completed.

[0029] After the interval time node, the collection terminal 1 that has not synchronized with the data center 2 sends a data packet again, so that the collection terminal 1 that has not synchronized with the data center 2 is connected to the collection terminal 1 connected to the data center 2, until N collection terminals 1 obtain the routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center 2 and complete the networking. The collection terminal 1 is connected step by step, so that the collection terminal 1 will obtain the routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center, thereby forming one or more routing information chains for communication with the data center in the entire networking.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, reference Figure 2 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention is that the acquisition terminal 1 includes a LORA module, and the LORA module is used to monitor and output wireless signals; when the LORA module monitors that the wireless signal is in an idle state, the LORA module sends a data packet through wireless communication, and the LORA module collects the data packet and records the MAKID in the data packet; the acquisition terminal 1 performs route matching through the recorded MAKID.

[0031] Among them, the LORA module is an existing module, which has the characteristics of long distance, low power consumption, multi-node and low cost. The LORA module is a two-way communication module based on the existing wireless network that can provide secure data transmission over a long distance. The overall operation is done in a wireless modulation manner. For the specific structure, please refer to the ZLG-ZM470SX series modules. Compared with traditional modulation technology, the LORA module has obvious advantages in suppressing co-frequency interference in the system. It is worth noting that the LORA module allows the integration of an adjustable power amplifier, thereby obtaining a receiving sensitivity of more than -148dBm, which is conducive to range coverage in a wide environment and ensures good reliability.

[0032] Furthermore, the above MAKID is an activation key with an ID for the collection terminal 1, and the collection terminal 1 corresponding to each MAKID is unique.

[0033] Specifically, MAKID contains at least the ID information of the MAK address and the serial number of the acquisition terminal 1, that is, the MAK address is used at the data link layer and below as the hardware address, so that the corresponding acquisition terminal 1 can be determined through MAKID. This avoids path errors when two acquisition terminals 1 of the same model are working. Therefore, using MAKID can facilitate point-to-point identification of the acquisition terminal 1, thereby determining the wireless transmission path.

[0034] Furthermore, the acquisition terminal 1 also includes a sensor and a controller. The sensor is connected to the controller signal, and the LORA module is connected to the controller signal. The sensor collects external environmental data and transmits the environmental data to the controller. The controller receives the data and controls the LORA module to output the environmental data in both directions.

[0035] The signal collected by the sensor is converted into a standard data value through the controller. For example, if the sensor is a liquid level sensor, the liquid level information is collected through the sensor and transmitted to the controller, which determines whether the liquid level information reaches the set threshold. When the liquid level reaches the threshold, the controller sends a corresponding data signal through the LORA module.

[0036] A further technical solution is that when the sensor of the secondary terminal outputs data to the primary terminal, the data output by the secondary terminal includes the MAKID of the primary terminal, and the primary terminal transfers the data until the data is transmitted to the data center 2.

[0037] When the system is working, the sensors of the first-level terminal collect data. When the LORA module of the first-level terminal detects that the wireless system is in an idle state, it sends a data packet through the LORA module. The content of the data packet includes the IP data packet header, the MAKID of the first-level terminal, the MAKID of the data center, the sensor detection data of the first-level terminal and the communication verification code, so that the data collected by the sensor of the first-level terminal is directly connected to the data center 2 through the LORA module.

[0038] When the system is working, the sensor of the secondary terminal collects data. When the LORA module of the secondary terminal detects that the wireless system is in an idle state, it sends a data packet through the LORA module. The content of the data packet includes the IP data packet header, the MAKID of the secondary terminal, the MAKID of the primary terminal corresponding to the local terminal, the MAKID of the data center, the sensor detection data of the secondary terminal and the communication verification code; the data packet is collected by the LORA module of the primary terminal. If the MAKID of the primary terminal in the data packet matches the MAKID of the primary terminal itself, the primary terminal modifies the current path and re-checks the packet. When the primary terminal detects that the wireless system is in an idle state, it uses the LORA module to send the data packet to the data center 2.

[0039] In this way, the data collected by sensors of the collection terminals 1 at all levels can be directly or indirectly transmitted to the data center 2. Before sending data, the collection terminal 1 needs to monitor whether there is data to be sent on the current wireless channel to avoid the risk of data transmission failure caused by data collision.

[0040] A further technical solution is that the controller triggers the LORA module at a fixed time, and the LORA module is used to monitor wireless signals and send wireless signals within a set time point.

[0041] Among them, when the data transmission link of the collection terminal 1 is established, the interval time node of the collection terminal 1 adopts a timing setting, and the interval time can be a random number generated based on the algorithm, so that there is a certain range of time difference between the interval times of each collection terminal 1, avoiding the simultaneous startup of the secondary terminals, causing the wireless communication channel to be busy and affecting the data transmission efficiency.

[0042] The LORA module is an existing module. If the number of acquisition terminals 1 used in the network is small, and the number of acquisition terminals 1 ranges from 1 to 500, the existing SX1276 module can be used for data docking of the LORA module. If the number of overall acquisition terminals 1 is large and the density of acquisition terminals 1 is high, the SX1301 module can be used for data docking of the LORA module. The SX1301 module can simultaneously perform multi-channel data reception and processing and is responsible for baseband modulation and demodulation.

[0043] The LORA module has high autonomy. The LORA module is a tiny device with extremely low energy consumption. It can be networked as long as it meets the low-power supply conditions. The maintenance cost of the LORA module is low and no ESIM card is required. Compared with traditional Bluetooth and WIFI technologies, it has good applicability in terms of range coverage.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, reference Figure 2 As shown, another embodiment of the present invention is to further include a power supply system, the power supply system includes a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller and a battery, the photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery via the photovoltaic controller, the battery is electrically connected to the collection terminal 1, and the battery supplies power to the collection terminal 1.

[0045] The photovoltaic panel converts light energy into electrical energy, and stores the electrical energy in the battery through the photovoltaic controller. The battery is used as a power source to supply energy to the LORA module, controller, sensor and execution unit. The execution unit is an existing electronic control element. For example, in the irrigation and fertilization scenarios, the execution unit can be an existing solenoid valve. For example, in the bird-repelling scenario, the execution unit can also be a bird-repelling device. Power management is achieved through photovoltaic control, so that the input voltage of the photovoltaic panel is transformed and stabilized, and the battery is prevented from supplying reverse power to the photovoltaic panel.

[0046] Among them, a boost circuit is used to supply power between the battery and the execution unit. The boost circuit can be an existing booster or an existing modular circuit. The boost circuit ensures that the current and voltage are relatively stable during the process of the battery supplying energy to the execution unit, thereby avoiding voltage problems in the execution unit and causing operating accidents.

[0047] This embodiment is an automatic networking method, which includes the following steps:

[0048] Step A, the collection terminal sends a first message at a set time node, the first message is a routing signal and a data packet containing the MAKID of the source data terminal;

[0049] Step B, after receiving the first information, the data center sends a corresponding second information, where the second information is a feedback signal and includes a data packet of the first signal source data terminal MAKID and the data center MAKID;

[0050] Step C, the collection terminal collects the second information during the monitoring process; after collecting the second information, the collection terminal is marked as a first-level terminal, and an information connection is formed between the first-level terminal and the data center;

[0051] Step D, after the interval time node, the collection terminal that has not collected the second information is marked as a secondary terminal and sends a third information; the third information is a routing signal and a data packet containing the MAKID of the secondary terminal;

[0052] Step F, after collecting the third information, the collection terminal marked as the primary terminal records and sends the corresponding fourth information, where the fourth information is a feedback signal and contains a data packet of the secondary terminal MAKID, the primary terminal MAKID and the data center MAKID; the secondary terminal that collects the fourth information is connected to the primary terminal; the primary terminal serves as an information transmission node between the secondary terminal and the data center, so that the secondary terminal and the data center form an information transmission path;

[0053] Step G, after the interval time node, the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information sends a data packet again, so that the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information is connected to the collection terminal information accessed to the data center, until N collection terminals obtain routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center and complete the networking.

[0054] Based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention is that the above-mentioned acquisition terminal 1 transmits data to the data center, the above-mentioned primary terminal directly transmits data to the data center, the above-mentioned secondary terminal transmits data to the primary terminal, and the data of the secondary terminal is received by the primary terminal and transmitted to the data center.

[0055] For example, the collection terminal E is selected as the first-level terminal. The communication process of the first-level terminal is that the collection terminal E collects data first. When the collection terminal E monitors that the wireless system is in an idle state, the collection terminal E sends data packet A (MAKID of terminal E, MAKID of data center, and collection data) through the wireless routing path. After the data center receives data packet A, it sends data packet A+ (MAKID of data terminal E, MAKID of data center, and feedback data) through the wireless. The collection terminal E receives A+, which indicates that the data packet A is successfully transmitted.

[0056] For example, the collection terminal F is selected as the secondary terminal, and the primary terminal corresponding to the secondary terminal is the collection terminal G. The communication process of the secondary terminal is that the collection terminal F collects data, and when it monitors that the wireless system is in an idle state, it sends a data packet B (the MAKID of terminal F, the MAKID of terminal G, the MAKID of the data center, and the collection data) through the wireless. After the collection terminal G receives the data packet B, if the data packet B contains the MAKID of the collection terminal G, the collection terminal G modifies the current path and re-checks the packet to be the data packet C (the MAKID of terminal F, the MAKID of terminal G, the MAKID of the data center, and the collection data). When the collection terminal G monitors that the wireless system is in an idle state, When the wireless system is in idle state, the collection terminal G wirelessly sends data packet C to the data center; after receiving data packet C, the data center wirelessly sends data packet C+ (MAKID of terminal F, MAKID of terminal G, MAKID of data center, feedback data). After the collection terminal G receives data packet C+, if data packet C+ contains the MAKID of terminal G, the data is re-checked and packaged into data B+ (MAKID of terminal F, MAKID of terminal G, MAKID of data center, feedback data). When it is monitored that the wireless system is in idle state, data packet B+ is sent wirelessly. After the collection terminal F receives data packet B+, it confirms that it contains its own MAKID, which means that data packet B is sent successfully.

[0057] If the data collection terminal F does not receive the data packet B+ containing its own MAKID within a certain period of time, it means that the data transmission has failed. The routing path can be replaced by increasing the power or changing the built-in storage routing list, and the data packet can be reassembled to repeat the transmission process.

[0058] Specifically, the collection terminal uses the gateway to store each node communication path, and the collection terminal marks the received source data terminal MAKID. When the collection terminal X has not been connected to the data center for a long time, the collection terminal X sends a node communication path request to the target collection terminal through the gateway. The target collection terminal is the collection terminal Z that has sent the source data terminal MAKID that the collection terminal X has monitored. The corresponding node communication path request is sent to the collection terminal Z through the collection terminal X. After the collection terminal Z receives the request, the collection terminal Z gateway establishes a communication path according to its own communication path list and sends a feedback signal to the collection terminal X, so that the collection terminal X can access the collection terminal Z, thereby ensuring that the collection terminal X initiates communication with the collection terminal Z, and data is transferred through the collection terminal Z to ensure that all the collection terminals can form at least one communication path connected to the data center. Even if the wireless signals of the two collection terminals are interrupted due to environmental changes, they are supplemented by the adjacent collection terminals, thereby ensuring the stability of the routing path and avoiding the loss of signals during the operation of the collection terminal.

[0059] The "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", "preferred embodiment" and the like mentioned in this specification refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment as included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0060] Although the present invention is described herein with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art may devise many other modifications and implementations that fall within the scope and spirit of the principles disclosed herein. More specifically, within the scope of the present disclosure, drawings, and claims, a variety of variations and modifications may be made to the components and / or layout of the subject combination layout. In addition to the variations and modifications made to the components and / or layout, other uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An automatic networking wireless data acquisition system, comprising a data acquisition terminal (1) and a data center (2), characterized in that: The data center (2) corresponds to more than two collection terminals (1); the collection terminal (1) is used to send out first information at a set time node, the first information being a routing signal and a data packet containing the MAKID of the first signal source data terminal; the data center (2) sends out corresponding second information after receiving the first information, the second information being a feedback signal and a data packet containing the MAKID of the first signal source data terminal and the MAKID of the data center (2); when the collection terminal (1) collects the second information during the monitoring process, the collection terminal (1) is marked as a first-level terminal after collecting the second information, and an information connection is formed between the first-level terminal and the data center (2); After the interval time node, the collection terminal (1) that has not collected the second information is marked as a secondary terminal and sends out a third information; the third information is a routing signal and contains a data packet of the secondary terminal MAKID; the collection terminal (1) marked as a primary terminal records and sends out corresponding fourth information after collecting the third information, the fourth information is a feedback signal and contains a data packet of the secondary terminal MAKID, the primary terminal MAKID and the data center (2) MAKID; the secondary terminal that has collected the fourth information is connected to the primary terminal; the primary terminal is used as an information transmission node between the secondary terminal and the data center (2), so that the secondary terminal and the data center (2) form an information transmission path; After the interval time node, the collection terminal (1) that has not synchronized information with the data center (2) sends a data packet again, so that the collection terminal (1) that has not synchronized information with the data center (2) is connected to the collection terminal (1) connected to the data center (2) until N collection terminals (1) obtain routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center (2) and complete networking; The MAKID is an activation key with an ID for the collection terminal (1), and the collection terminal (1) corresponding to each MAKID is unique.

2. The automatic networking wireless data acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acquisition terminal (1) comprises a LORA module, and the LORA module is used to monitor and output wireless signals; when the LORA module monitors that the wireless signal is in an idle state, the LORA module sends a data packet through wireless communication, and the LORA module collects the data packet and records the MAKID in the data packet; the acquisition terminal (1) performs route matching through the recorded MAKID.

3. The automatic networking wireless data acquisition system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The acquisition terminal (1) further comprises a sensor and a controller, wherein the sensor is signal-connected to the controller, and the LORA module is signal-connected to the controller; the sensor acquires external environmental data and transmits the environmental data to the controller, and the controller receives the data and controls the LORA module to output the environmental data bidirectionally.

4. The automatic networking wireless data acquisition system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The controller triggers the LORA module at a fixed time, and the LORA module is used to monitor wireless signals and send wireless signals within a set time point.

5. The automatic networking wireless data acquisition system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the sensor of the secondary terminal outputs data to the primary terminal, the data output by the secondary terminal includes the MAKID of the primary terminal, and the primary terminal transfers the data until the data is transmitted to the data center (2).

6. The automatic networking wireless data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply system, which includes a photovoltaic panel, a photovoltaic controller and a battery. The photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery via the photovoltaic controller. The battery is electrically connected to the collection terminal (1), and the battery supplies power to the collection terminal (1).

7. An automatic networking method, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: the collection terminal sends a first message at a set time node, the first message is a routing signal and contains a data packet of the first signal source data terminal MAKID; after receiving the first message, the data center sends a corresponding second message, the second message is a feedback signal and contains a data packet of the first signal source data terminal MAKID and the data center MAKID; the collection terminal collects the second message during the monitoring process; After collecting the second information, the collection terminal is marked as a first-level terminal, and an information connection is formed between the first-level terminal and the data center; After the interval time node, the collection terminal that has not collected the second information is marked as a secondary terminal and sends a third information; the third information is a routing signal and a data packet containing the MAKID of the secondary terminal; After the third information is collected by the collection terminal marked as the primary terminal, the corresponding fourth information is recorded and sent out, where the fourth information is a feedback signal and includes a data packet of the secondary terminal MAKID, the primary terminal MAKID and the data center MAKID; the secondary terminal that collects the fourth information is connected to the primary terminal; the primary terminal serves as an information transmission node between the secondary terminal and the data center, so that the secondary terminal and the data center form an information transmission path; After the interval time node, the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information sends a data packet again, so that the collection terminal that has not synchronized with the data center information is connected to the collection terminal information connected to the data center, until N collection terminals obtain the routing information for direct or indirect communication with the data center and complete the networking; The MAKID is an activation key with an ID for the acquisition terminal, and each MAKID corresponds to a unique acquisition terminal.

8. The automatic networking method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The collection terminal transmits data to the data center, the primary terminal directly transmits data to the data center, the secondary terminal transmits data to the primary terminal, and the data of the secondary terminal is received by the primary terminal and transmitted to the data center.

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