A high-energy radiation detection system for thunderstorms

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system, which belongs to the technical field of thunderstorm physical property detection. The system adopts a high-energy radiation detection device arranged at an observation point and having detection channels with different ranges, and online identifies thunderstorm high-energy radiation events based on the law of radioactive statistical fluctuations, collects, stores and uploads thunderstorm high-energy radiation data and time position information, and adopts a remote control terminal to control system operation and data management. The detection system can be mounted on different platforms, has multi-point networking observation capabilities, can effectively eliminate false triggering caused by strong electromagnetic radiation from lightning, can take into account online identification and effective detection of different thunderstorm high-energy radiation events, has the characteristics of wide measurement energy range, strong anti-interference ability, accurate timing and positioning information, and comprehensive data collection, and significantly enhances data reliability, availability and scientificity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system, which belongs to the technical field of thunderstorm physical property detection and can be carried on different platforms to achieve effective observation of high-energy radiation events during thunderstorms / artificial lightning induction. Background Art

[0002] Thunderstorm high-energy radiation refers to X / γ radiation related to thunderstorms or lightning, with energies up to tens of MeV. According to the duration, thunderstorm high-energy radiation can be divided into: gamma-ray glow on the scale of about minutes or even hours; Earth gamma-ray flash on the scale of sub-milliseconds; and X-ray bursts on the scale of microseconds.

[0003] Thunderstorm high-energy radiation events are believed to be related to the origin and development of lightning, but to date, high-quality observational data on thunderstorm high-energy radiation, especially land-based data, are very limited, and the source characteristics, generation mechanism and potential impact are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special detection technology research to obtain the intensity, energy, time and spatial distribution information of thunderstorm high-energy radiation events.

[0004] The background environment under thunderstorm conditions is relatively complex, especially strong electromagnetic radiation may cause false triggering of radiation detection equipment, so electromagnetic shielding must be considered. Short burst events such as Earth gamma-ray flashes and X-ray bursts have short duration, high instantaneous intensity, and wide energy range. For traditional gamma spectrometers working in counting mode, pulse signals are prone to accumulation and saturation, which can easily cause misjudgment of radiation event energy, intensity and other information, affecting scientific interpretation. In the detection process of such events, time domain waveform data must be accurately collected. For long burst events such as gamma-ray glows, the duration span is relatively large. In order to achieve joint analysis with lightning photoelectric data, accurate timing and positioning information is essential. There are no related patents disclosed for detection technology or devices for high-energy radiation from thunderstorms.

[0005] The document "Detection and Preliminary Observation of High-Energy Radiation Energy under Thunderstorm Conditions" (Plateau Meteorology, Vol. 30, No. 6, 2011) made preliminary observations of high-energy radiation under thunderstorm conditions based on a scintillation counter composed of NaI (with trace amounts of Tl) and CsI (with trace amounts of NaI). Its main disadvantage is that it works in the energy spectrum mode and cannot give a complete time domain waveform of the radiation event. In addition, the sampling rate is low and it does not have the ability to detect short-burst thunderstorm high-energy radiation events.

[0006] The literature "Study on Observation of Lightning Gamma-ray Burst Based on Sodium Iodide Detector" (Atomic Energy Science and Technology, Vol. 52, No. 6, 2018), "Design of Observation System for Artificial Lightning X-ray Burst" (Nuclear Electronics and Detection Technology, Vol. 38, No. 4, 2018), and "Study on Observation and Data Analysis of Artificial Lightning High-energy Radiation" (Atomic Energy Science and Technology, Vol. 53, No. 2, 2019) introduces an artificial lightning X-ray observation experimental device based on NaI (Tl) detector. Its main disadvantages are the lack of time and position information, making it difficult to explain the exact connection between radiation detection data and thunderstorms or lightning events, and the lack of detection capability for long-burst thunderstorm high-energy radiation events such as gamma-ray glow; the detection method using a single detector is difficult to eliminate electromagnetic radiation interference, and the data credibility is low; the energy detection upper limit is about 3MeV, which is relatively low, causing the detector to output a large number of accumulated saturation signals, and the data availability is poor. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems that the existing equipment cannot realize online identification and effective detection of different thunderstorm high-energy radiation events, it is difficult to eliminate false triggering caused by strong electromagnetic radiation from lightning, and the effective measurement energy range does not match the thunderstorm high-energy radiation source item. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system is provided, which can be carried on different platforms, has multi-point networking observation capability, and the upper limit of the measurement energy can reach 20MeV. Multi-point and multi-channel synchronous detection can effectively eliminate electromagnetic radiation interference, has high-precision timing and positioning information suitable for scientific observation, can automatically identify different thunderstorm high-energy radiation events, and accurately, effectively, real-time and automatically collect and store detection data.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows: the thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system comprises a high-energy radiation detection device 1 and a remote control terminal 2 which are arranged at 1 to 256 observation points and have 2 to 16 detection channels with different ranges; the high-energy radiation detection device 1 comprises a high-energy radiation detection unit 11, a GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12, a power supply unit 13, a high-speed acquisition board 14, and a shielding box 15; the remote control terminal 2 comprises a communication module 21 and a terminal computer 22; the high-energy radiation detection device 1 is connected to the communication module 21 of the remote control terminal 2 through the high-speed acquisition board 14; the high-energy radiation detection unit 11 adopts a multi-channel configuration, and each channel comprises a scintillator detector 111, a photoelectric conversion device 112, and preamplifier 113; the GPS / Beidou synchronization clock 12 includes an external antenna 121 and a GPS / Beidou module 122; the high-speed acquisition board 14 includes an analog signal conditioning circuit 141, a high-speed ADC circuit 142, a high-voltage module 143, an FPGA module 144, an onboard memory 145, and a power supply circuit 146; the communication module 21 includes an optical fiber transceiver 211 and a router 212; the scintillator detector 111 converts X / γ radiation into scintillation light, which is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric conversion device 112 and then sent to the preamplifier 113 for amplification and shaping into an exponential pulse waveform, and then output to the analog signal conditioning circuit 141; the analog signal conditioning circuit 141 converts the exponential pulse signal The signal is conditioned into a positive polarity near-Gaussian waveform, and is output to the FPGA module 144 after being sampled by the high-speed ADC circuit 142; the time and position information collected by the GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12 is output to the FPGA module 144; the onboard memory 145 is connected to the FPGA module 144; the power supply unit 13 supplies power to the high-energy radiation detection device 1 after power conversion by the power circuit 146; one end of the high-voltage module 143 is connected to the FPGA module 144, and the other end is output to the photoelectric conversion device 112; the FPGA module 144 receives the digital signal collected by the high-speed ADC circuit 142 and controls the sampling rate; the FPGA module 144 receives the time and position information obtained by the GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12; The FPGA module 144 controls the output high voltage of the high voltage module 143 and receives feedback values; the FPGA module 144 is connected to the optical fiber transceiver 211 through an optical fiber, and is connected to the terminal computer 22 through the router 212 after photoelectric conversion, receives instructions from the terminal computer 22 and uploads data; the FPGA module 144 realizes online identification of thunderstorm high-energy radiation based on the law of radioactive statistical fluctuations, and includes a short burst event trigger parameter group 1441 and a long burst event trigger parameter group 1442; the short burst event trigger parameter group 1441 includes a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold and a number of trigger sampling points; the long burst event trigger parameter group 1442 includes a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold and a standard deviation multiple n.

[0009] The number of the high-energy radiation detection devices 1 is 1 to 256.

[0010] The high-energy radiation detection unit 11 has a range of 30keV to 20MeV, and is cross-covered by detection channels of different ranges, with the number of channels being 2 to 16; the number of analog signal conditioning circuits 141 , high-speed ADC circuits 142 , and high-voltage modules 143 is consistent with the number of channels of the high-energy radiation detection unit 11 .

[0011] The timing accuracy of the GPS / Beidou synchronized clock 12 is ≤100ns, and the positioning accuracy is ≤50m.

[0012] The conditioned positive polarity is close to a Gaussian waveform with an amplitude of 10mV to 2V.

[0013] The high-speed ADC circuit 142 has an accuracy of 8 bits to 16 bits and a sampling rate of 10 MSps to 200 MSps.

[0014] The short burst event trigger parameter group 1441 is set according to the Poisson distribution probability formula and the expected value of the number of false triggers per day caused by the background. Specifically, the trigger time window is 100μs~2ms, the waveform discrimination threshold is 10mV~2V, the number of trigger sampling points is 1~99999, and the uploaded data after triggering includes full waveform sampling data, trigger time, position and working parameter information.

[0015] The long burst event trigger parameter group 1442 is set according to the normal distribution probability formula and the expected background false trigger probability, specifically: the trigger time window is 100ms~1h, the waveform discrimination threshold is 10mV~2V, the standard deviation multiple n is 1~99, and the uploaded data after triggering includes pulse peak value, peak time, position and working parameter information.

[0016] When any one of the detection channels is triggered, the data of all the detection channels in the system are uploaded.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system can be mounted on different platforms, has multi-point networking observation capability, can effectively eliminate false triggering caused by strong electromagnetic radiation from lightning, can take into account the online identification and effective detection of different thunderstorm high-energy radiation events, has the characteristics of wide measurement energy range, strong anti-interference ability, accurate timing and positioning information, and comprehensive data collection, and the data reliability, availability and scientificity are significantly enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the deployment of thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system

[0019] In the figure: 1. Thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection device; 2. Remote control terminal.

[0020] Figure 2 Connection diagram of thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system

[0021] In the figure: 11, high-energy radiation detection unit; 12, GPS / Beidou synchronization clock; 13, power supply unit; 14, high-speed acquisition board; 15, shielding box; 21, communication module; 22, terminal computer; 111, scintillator detector; 112, photoelectric conversion device; 113, preamplifier; 121, external antenna; 122, GPS / Beidou module; 141, analog signal conditioning circuit; 142, high-speed ADC circuit; 143, high-voltage module; 144, FPGA module; 145, on-board memory; 146, power supply circuit; 211, fiber optic transceiver; 212, router; 1441, short burst event trigger parameter group; 1442, long burst event trigger parameter group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, the thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system includes a high-energy radiation detection device 1 and a remote control terminal 2, and the number of the high-energy radiation detection devices 1 is four.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-energy radiation detection device 1 includes a high-energy radiation detection unit 11, a GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12, a power supply unit 13, a high-speed acquisition board 14 and a shielding box 15; the remote control terminal 2 includes a communication module 21 and a terminal computer 22.

[0026] The high-energy radiation detection unit 11 adopts a dual-channel configuration, including two scintillator detectors 111, and an adapted photoelectric conversion device 112 and a preamplifier 113. The scintillator detector 111 adopts a CeBr3 scintillator detector with a diameter of 45 mm and a length of 51 mm, model 45B51 / 2M-CeBr-X, and the photoelectric conversion device 112 adopts a photomultiplier tube, model R6231-100, with working high voltages of 730 V and 540 V, respectively, to achieve energy segment detection of 30 keV to 20 MeV photons. The thunderstorm high-energy radiation interacts with the scintillator detector 111 to produce scintillation light, which is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric conversion device 112, and amplified and shaped into an exponential pulse waveform by the preamplifier 113, and its output end is connected to the analog signal conditioning circuit 141 of the high-speed acquisition board 14.

[0027] The GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12 adopts a high-precision standard commercial module, model HJ5442-V1, with a timing accuracy better than 30ns and a positioning accuracy better than 3m. It includes an external antenna 121 and a GPS / Beidou module 122, and its output end is connected to the FPGA module 144 of the high-speed acquisition board 14.

[0028] The power supply unit 13 is a lithium battery of model DFS24-200 with an output voltage of 24V. It is connected to the power supply circuit 146 of the high-speed acquisition board 14 through a wire and is responsible for supplying power to the high-energy radiation detection device 1.

[0029] The high-speed acquisition board 14 includes an analog signal conditioning circuit 141, a high-speed ADC circuit 142, a high-voltage module 143, an FPGA module 144, an onboard memory 145 and a power supply circuit 146, and is connected to the communication module 21 of the remote control terminal 2 via an optical fiber, and is responsible for data collection, analysis and processing, as well as power control of the high-energy radiation detection device 1.

[0030] The analog signal conditioning circuit 141 has two channels and is responsible for receiving the analog signal output by the preamplifier 113 , conditioning the exponential pulse signal into a positive polarity near-Gaussian waveform with a pulse width of approximately 2μs and a pulse amplitude upper limit of 2V. Its output is connected to the high-speed ADC circuit 142 .

[0031] The high-speed ADC circuit 142 has two channels, model AD9245, 14-bit accuracy, and a sampling rate of 20 to 80 MSps. In this embodiment, it is set to 20 MSps. It is responsible for high-speed sampling of the positive polarity signal output by the analog signal conditioning circuit 141, and its output is connected to the FPGA module 144.

[0032] There are two high-voltage modules 143 , model CC228P-01Y, which are responsible for providing working positive high voltage for the high-energy radiation detection unit 11 and have a high-voltage value sampling feedback function. Their input is connected to the FPGA module 144 , and their output is connected to the photoelectric conversion device 112 of the high-energy radiation detection unit 11 .

[0033] The FPGA module 144 uses a commercial standard chip, model Zynq-7020, and is the control center of the high-energy radiation detection device 1. It is responsible for initializing the high-energy radiation detection device 1; receiving the digital signal collected by the high-speed ADC circuit 142; receiving the time position information obtained by the GPS / Beidou synchronous clock 12; online identification of thunderstorm high-energy radiation events and completing data collection and processing; and data export, etc. The online identification of thunderstorm high-energy radiation events is realized based on the law of radioactive statistical fluctuations, including a short burst event trigger parameter group 1441 and a long burst event trigger parameter group 1442.

[0034] The short burst event trigger parameter group 1441 includes a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold, and a number of trigger sampling points. In this embodiment, the trigger time window is 500 μs, the waveform discrimination threshold is 30 mV, the number of trigger sampling points is 200, and the false triggering caused by the background does not exceed 5 times a day.

[0035] The long burst event trigger parameter group 1442 includes a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold and a standard deviation multiple n. In this embodiment, the trigger time window is 1 min, the waveform discrimination threshold is 30 mV, the standard deviation multiple n is 3, and the background false trigger probability is less than 1%.

[0036] The onboard memory 145 uses an industrial-grade SD card with a capacity of 32 GB, which is used for local storage backup of detection data and is connected to the FPGA module 144 .

[0037] The power circuit 146 is responsible for power conversion and provides power to the high-energy radiation detection device 1 .

[0038] The shielding box 15 is an electromagnetic shielding box, which is a commercial standard product with a model of NPS02-UC / 2. Except for the external antenna 121, all other components of the high-energy radiation detection device 1 are placed in the shielding box 15 to reduce interference from the strong electromagnetic environment under thunderstorm conditions.

[0039] The communication module 21 includes a fiber optic transceiver 211 and a router 212. The fiber optic transceiver 211 is a Ruishan 4-optical 3-electrical SFP transceiver, and the router 212 is a TL-WDR5620 Gigabit version. It is responsible for the communication between the high-speed acquisition board 14 and the terminal computer 22. One end of the fiber optic transceiver is connected to the high-speed acquisition board 14 via an optical fiber, and the other end is connected to the terminal computer 22 via a network cable.

[0040] The terminal computer 22 is responsible for controlling the working status of the entire detection system and managing data.

[0041] The thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system of the present invention adopts 4-station 2-channel synchronous detection, and the energy measurement range is 30keV-20MeV. It can effectively eliminate false triggering caused by strong electromagnetic radiation of lightning, and can identify different thunderstorm high-energy radiation events online. The false triggering probability of short burst events is less than 5 times per day, and the false triggering probability of long burst events is less than 1%. It has the characteristics of wide measurement energy range, strong anti-interference ability, comprehensive data collection, etc., and the data reliability, availability and scientificity are significantly enhanced.

Claims

1. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system, characterized in that The system comprises a high-energy radiation detection device (1) arranged at 1 to 256 observation points and having 2 to 16 detection channels of different ranges, and a remote control terminal (2); the high-energy radiation detection device (1) comprises a high-energy radiation detection unit (11), a GPS / Beidou synchronous clock (12), a power supply unit (13), a high-speed acquisition board (14), and a shielding box (15); the remote control terminal (2) comprises a communication module (21) and a terminal computer (22); the high-energy radiation detection device (1) is connected to the communication module (21) of the remote control terminal (2) via the high-speed acquisition board (14); the high-energy radiation detection unit (11) adopts a multi-channel configuration, and each channel The channel comprises a scintillator detector (111), a photoelectric conversion device (112), and a preamplifier (113); the GPS / Beidou synchronization clock (12) comprises an external antenna (121) and a GPS / Beidou module (122); the high-speed acquisition board (14) comprises an analog signal conditioning circuit (141), a high-speed ADC circuit (142), a high-voltage module (143), an FPGA module (144), an onboard memory (145), and a power supply circuit (146); the communication module (21) comprises an optical fiber transceiver (211) and a router (212); the scintillator detector (111) converts X / γ radiation into scintillation light, which is then transmitted to the optical fiber transceiver (212) and the optical fiber transceiver (212) is connected to the optical fiber transceiver (211). 112) is converted into an electrical signal, and then sent to a preamplifier (113) to be amplified and shaped into an exponential pulse waveform, and then output to an analog signal conditioning circuit (141); the analog signal conditioning circuit (141) conditions the exponential pulse signal into a positive polarity near-Gaussian waveform, and then outputs it to an FPGA module (144) after sampling by a high-speed ADC circuit (142); the time and position information collected by the GPS / Beidou synchronous clock (12) is output to the FPGA module (144); the onboard memory (145) is connected to the FPGA module (144); the power supply unit (13) is converted by the power supply circuit (146) to supply power to the high-energy radiation detection device (1); the high-voltage module (1 43) one end is connected to the FPGA module (144), and the other end is output to the photoelectric conversion device (112); the FPGA module (144) receives the digital signal collected by the high-speed ADC circuit (142) and controls the sampling rate; the FPGA module (144) receives the time position information obtained by the GPS / Beidou synchronization clock (12); the FPGA module (144) controls the output high voltage of the high-voltage module (143) and receives the feedback value; the FPGA module (144) is connected to the optical fiber transceiver (211) through the optical fiber, and after the photoelectric conversion, it is connected to the terminal computer (22) through the router (212), receives the terminal computer (22) instruction and uploads the data; The FPGA module (144) realizes online identification of thunderstorm high-energy radiation based on the law of radioactive statistical fluctuations, and comprises a short burst event trigger parameter group (1441) and a long burst event trigger parameter group (1442); the short burst event trigger parameter group (1441) comprises a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold and the number of trigger sampling points; the long burst event trigger parameter group (1442) comprises a trigger time window, a waveform discrimination threshold and a standard deviation multiple n.

2. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of high-energy radiation detection devices (1) is 1 to 256.

3. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The high-energy radiation detection unit (11) has a range of 30keV to 20MeV and is cross-covered by detection channels of different ranges, with the number of channels being 2 to 16; the number of analog signal conditioning circuits (141), high-speed ADC circuits (142), and high-voltage modules (143) is consistent with the number of channels of the high-energy radiation detection unit (11).

4. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The timing accuracy of the GPS / Beidou synchronized clock (12) is ≤100ns, and the positioning accuracy is ≤50m.

5. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The conditioned positive polarity is close to a Gaussian waveform with an amplitude of 10mV to 2V.

6. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The accuracy of the high-speed ADC circuit (142) is 8-bit to 16-bit, and the sampling rate is 10-200 MSps.

7. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The short burst event trigger parameter group (1441) is set according to the Poisson distribution probability formula and the expected value of the number of false triggers per day caused by the background, specifically: the trigger time window is 100μs~2ms, the waveform discrimination threshold is 10mV~2V, the number of trigger sampling points is 1~99999, and the uploaded data after triggering includes full waveform sampling data, trigger time, position and working parameter information.

8. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that The long burst event trigger parameter group (1442) is set according to the normal distribution probability formula and the expected background false trigger probability, specifically: the trigger time window is 100ms~1h, the waveform discrimination threshold is 10mV~2V, the standard deviation multiple n is 1~99, and the uploaded data after triggering includes the pulse peak value, peak time, position and working parameter information.

9. A thunderstorm high-energy radiation detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that When any one of the detection channels is triggered, the data of all the detection channels in the system are uploaded.

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