A damper having a multi-stage energy dissipation feature

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics, including parallelly arranged support plate, energy dissipation structure is arranged between two adjacent support plates, the energy dissipation structure includes sequentially parallelly arranged friction plate, middle pull plate, friction plate;Friction plate and support plate between are provided with friction member, while friction plate and support plate between are also provided with shock-absorbing viscoelastic material layer.The damper of the present application adopts convex-concave surface slip, not only has viscoelastic damping characteristics, but also increases the energy dissipation effect of friction damper, and multi-stage energy dissipation can be realized.Two supporting parts are changed to change the normal pressure of friction contact surface, thereby changing the friction force.The present application can achieve beneficial effects by reasonably connecting viscoelastic material and friction material, and has the advantages of simple structure, small shock, variable friction, low initial stiffness, good energy dissipation effect, stable operation, self-resetting, easy maintenance and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building vibration reduction, and in particular relates to a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] Earthquakes are among the world's most significant disasters, causing casualties, building collapses, and damage to interior items, resulting in substantial losses. Under earthquake stress, buildings experience excessive horizontal displacement, leading to structural failure. Building vibration damping technology aims to absorb seismic energy and increase building damping, thereby preventing damage from external forces. Applying vibration damping products to weak points in a building enhances both stiffness and damping, effectively reducing the structure's seismic response, improving its earthquake resistance, and ultimately protecting lives and property.

[0003] Friction-based dampers offer high performance, low cost, no need for sealing, ease of production and installation, good temperature and weather resistance, large displacement capacity, and excellent energy dissipation. However, they suffer from drawbacks such as excessive pressure on the steel plates on both sides, leading to warping; high initial stiffness, altering the stiffness distribution of the building structure and causing additional damage; and inaction during small earthquakes, with constant and unchangeable friction, making them unsuitable for earthquakes of varying intensities. Viscoelastic dampers, on the other hand, can stably exert their damping effect even under small amplitudes and offer greater flexibility, but their allowable displacement is relatively small. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the problems of large initial stiffness of friction damping and small allowable displacement of viscoelastic dampers, this invention provides a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics, which overcomes the disadvantages of both while retaining their advantages.

[0005] The damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics provided by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: it can be activated by small vibrations, the friction force is variable, the initial stiffness is low, the energy dissipation effect is excellent, the operation is stable, it is self-resetting, and the maintenance is convenient.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] This invention provides a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics, including parallel spaced support plates, an energy dissipation structure between two adjacent support plates, the energy dissipation structure including a friction plate, a tension plate, and a friction plate arranged in parallel in sequence; an abutting friction element is provided between the friction plate and the support plate, and a shock-absorbing viscoelastic material layer is also provided between the friction plate and the support plate.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics includes a first grooved support plate, a first grooved friction plate, a first tension plate, a second friction plate, a second support plate, a third friction plate, a second tension plate, a fourth grooved friction plate, and a third grooved support plate arranged in parallel in sequence, with bolts penetrating through each plate layer to connect the plate layers.

[0009] Specifically, a first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material is provided between the first grooved support plate and the first grooved friction plate.

[0010] A second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material is provided between the second friction plate and the second support plate.

[0011] A third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material is placed between the second support plate and the third friction plate.

[0012] A fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material is placed between the fourth grooved friction plate and the third grooved support plate.

[0013] A convex-surface abutting friction element and a concave-surface abutting friction element are provided between the first grooved support plate and the first grooved friction plate.

[0014] A convex-surface friction element and a concave-surface friction element are provided between the third long-groove support plate and the fourth long-groove friction plate.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second grooved friction plates are pressed tightly against the first central tension steel plate under the pressure of being clamped by the first and second support plates, the concave abutment friction element, the bolts, and the support force provided by the first and second layers of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material. The third and fourth grooved friction plates are pressed tightly against the second central tension steel plate under the pressure of being clamped by the third and second support plates, the concave abutment friction element, the bolts, and the support force provided by the fourth and third layers of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first grooved friction plate and the second friction plate have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the first intermediate steel plate, and the third friction plate and the fourth grooved friction plate have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the second intermediate steel plate, and the contact portion of the first intermediate steel plate and the second intermediate steel plate is rough.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the contact surfaces of the first grooved friction plate and the second friction plate with the first intermediate steel plate are sandblasted to obtain a rough surface with a surface roughness of Ra100, and the contact surfaces of the third friction plate and the fourth grooved friction plate with the second intermediate steel plate are sandblasted to obtain a rough surface with a surface roughness of Ra100.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer contact surfaces of the first grooved friction plate, the fourth grooved friction plate, and the concave friction member of the concave abutment friction member are locked in contact, and no relative slippage occurs. The contact method between the first grooved support plate, the third grooved support plate, and the outer contact surface of the convex friction member of the convex abutment friction member is locked in contact, and no relative slippage occurs, which facilitates the replacement of the abutment friction member.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first grooved support plate, the first grooved friction plate, the third grooved support plate, and the fourth grooved friction plate are each provided with a rectangular groove in the middle for mounting a convex contact friction element.

[0020] The outer surfaces of the convex and concave contact friction components can be moistened with ordinary adhesive and then installed into the rectangular groove to prevent the contact components from falling off during installation. During installation, the outer contact surface of the convex friction component is located at the center of the horizontal plane of the outer contact surface of the concave friction component.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer contact surface of the convex friction member and the outer contact surface of the concave friction member are in smooth contact. The convex abutting friction members move relative to each other on the contact surface of the concave abutting friction members. When the displacement is large, the convex abutting friction members rise by abutting against the concave abutting friction members, thereby increasing the frictional resistance between the first grooved friction plate and the fourth grooved friction plate and the first and second tension steel plates, respectively. The outer contact portion is made smooth to facilitate the disassembly of the abutting friction members.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, four convex-surface abutting friction members and four concave-surface abutting friction members are respectively arranged between the first grooved support plate and the first grooved friction plate. The abutting friction members are arranged adjacent to each other, and generally at least two to a pair are adjacent to each other for balanced force distribution.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first layer of damping viscoelastic material connects the first grooved support plate and the first grooved friction plate; the second layer of damping viscoelastic material connects the second friction plate and the second support plate; the third layer of damping viscoelastic material connects the second support plate and the third friction plate; and the fourth layer of damping viscoelastic material connects the fourth grooved friction plate and the third grooved support plate. The connection method is adhesive bonding, which provides damping force and tension force for the rising stage of the convex contact friction element. Simultaneously, it ensures stable pressure when the first or fourth grooved friction plate slides, thereby ensuring stable friction force and further making the pressure distribution more uniform than that of only bolt preload.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the contact surface of the plate layer that is in contact with the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material or the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material is an untreated smooth surface.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, and the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material are all provided with long grooves for bolts to pass through, so as to prevent the bolts from damaging the viscoelastic layer.

[0026] In this invention, bolts penetrate all friction materials, ensuring reliable transmission of compressive force to each material. Simultaneously, the bolts tighten the first and third grooved support plates, while the layers of damping viscoelastic material and the abutment components ensure close contact between the friction plate and the intermediate tension plate, providing sufficiently high static friction. Furthermore, adjusting the bolt preload ensures that the maximum static friction between the friction plate and the intermediate tension plate is slightly greater than or equal to the shear force of the maximum deformation of the viscoelastic material.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, except for the elongated holes in the friction plate and the contact friction element, the viscoelastic material is uniformly filled between the support plate and the friction element, and between the support plate and the middle tension plate. The shape and size of the gaps in the viscoelastic material are the same as the dimensions of the elongated holes and the contact friction element, so as to avoid the adhesion between the viscoelastic material and the bolts affecting the operation of the damper. At the same time, the viscoelastic material can cover the horizontal part of the contact element, preventing the contact friction element from overturning during friction.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, both the convex and concave contact friction components are detachable parts. The horizontal part between the convex and concave contact friction components has a smaller coefficient of friction, resulting in less frictional force under small relative displacement, and mainly provides preload force. The coefficient of friction of the rising part of the component is greater than that of the horizontal part, which satisfies the requirement that the damper can still obtain a large damping force under a small size.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the convex abutment friction member and the concave abutment friction member are in contact with the horizontal part in a resting state, and the radius of curvature of the convex abutment member is smaller than the radius of curvature of the concave abutment friction member.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first grooved support plate, the first intermediate tension plate, the second support plate, the second intermediate tension plate, and the third grooved support plate are all steel plates, preferably Q355B steel.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first grooved friction plate, the second friction plate, the third friction plate, and the fourth grooved friction plate are all copper friction plates, preferably made of brass.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material, and the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material are all epoxy resin.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, both the convex and concave contact friction elements are made of cast iron.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, a left ear plate is provided on the left side of the first slotted support plate, the second support plate, and the third slotted support plate, and a right ear plate is provided on the right side of the first and second middle pull plates. The left ear plate is clamped and fixedly connected to the first, second, and third slotted support plates. The right ear plate is clamped and fixedly connected to the first and second middle pull plates.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the left ear plate is provided with a left ball joint seat, the right ear plate is provided with a right ball joint seat, and both the left and right ball joint seats are provided with ball bearings.

[0036] The damper of this invention employs convex-concave surface sliding, which not only possesses viscoelastic damping characteristics but also enhances the energy dissipation effect of a friction damper, enabling multi-stage energy dissipation. It features two mutually abutting support parts to alter the normal pressure on the friction contact surface, thereby changing the frictional force.

[0037] When the damper of the present invention is applied alternately to the damper along the axial direction by tensile force and compressive force, the displacement force causes the damping viscoelastic material to undergo shear deformation when the displacement is small in the first stage, thereby consuming energy. At this time, the first and second friction plates with long grooves do not have relative displacement with the first intermediate steel plate, and the third and fourth friction plates with long grooves do not have relative displacement with the second intermediate steel plate. The convex contact friction element and the concave contact friction element have relative displacement. When the displacement is large in the second stage, the displacement force is greater than the minimum load of static friction resistance, and the first and second friction plates with long grooves do not have relative displacement with the first intermediate steel plate, and the third and fourth friction plates with long grooves do not have relative displacement with the second intermediate steel plate in the movable direction.

[0038] When subjected to displacement in the movable direction, the viscoelastic material layer between the middle tension plate and the support plate first undergoes deformation and energy consumption. If the displacement is small, there is no relative displacement between the friction plate and the middle tension plate. When the displacement is large, it undergoes two stages of energy consumption. The first stage is energy consumption by the viscoelastic material layer. When the displacement continues to increase and reaches the maximum static friction force between the friction plate and the middle tension plate, the friction force between the friction plate and the middle tension plate participates in the work, further carrying out the second stage of energy consumption.

[0039] As the displacement continues to increase, the contact friction component enters the rising stage, increasing the normal pressure between the friction surface and the middle tension plate, increasing the friction force, and at the same time restricting the displacement between the friction plate and the supporting steel plate, avoiding the destruction of the viscoelastic material between the supporting plate and the friction, thus hindering the operation of the contact component.

[0040] The multi-stage energy dissipation damper provided by this invention can be used for building vibration reduction.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. It can operate under minor earthquakes and wind vibrations, meeting the needs of various application scenarios.

[0043] 2. The frictional force can change with the magnitude of displacement, thus satisfying the requirement of obtaining a large damping force with a small-sized damper.

[0044] 3. Low initial stiffness, resulting in minimal change to the building's stiffness.

[0045] 4. Excellent energy efficiency and stable operation.

[0046] 5. Self-resetting.

[0047] 6. Easy to inspect and replace parts. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is an isometric diagram of a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the AA plane of a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a top view of a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the contact component of a damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Bolt; 2. First grooved support plate; 3. First layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material; 4. First grooved friction plate; 5. First middle tension plate; 6. Right ear plate; 7. Second friction plate; 8. Second support plate; 9. Third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material; 10. Third friction plate; 11. Second middle tension plate; 12. Fourth grooved friction plate; 13. Fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material; 14. Third grooved support plate; 15. Second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material; 16. First, second, third, and fourth convex contact friction components; 17. First, second, third, and fourth concave contact friction components; 18. Outer contact surface of convex friction component; 19. Outer contact surface of concave friction component; 20. Left ear plate. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0055] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0056] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixing" can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly defined. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0057] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] refer to Figures 1-4 In one embodiment of the present invention, the damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics includes a first grooved support plate 2, a first grooved friction plate 4, a first tension plate 5, a second friction plate 7, a second support plate 8, a third friction plate 10, a second tension plate 11, a fourth grooved friction plate 12, and a third grooved support plate 14 arranged in parallel in sequence. Bolts 1 penetrate each plate layer to connect them. A first layer of damping viscoelastic material 3 is provided between the first grooved support plate 2 and the first grooved friction plate 4. A second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 15 is provided between the second support plate 8 and the third friction plate 10; a third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 9 is provided between the second support plate 8 and the third friction plate 10; a fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 13 is provided between the fourth grooved friction plate 12 and the third grooved support plate 14; a convex surface contact friction element 16 and a concave surface contact friction element 17 are provided between the first grooved support plate 2 and the first grooved friction plate 4; and a convex surface contact friction element 16 and a concave surface contact friction element 17 are provided between the third grooved support plate 14 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first grooved friction plate 4 and the second friction plate 7 are pressed tightly against the first tension steel plate 5 under the pressure applied by the first grooved support plate 2 and the second support plate 8, the concave abutment friction element 17, the bolt 1, and the support force provided by the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 3 and the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 15. The third friction plate 10 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 are pressed tightly against the second tension steel plate 11 under the pressure applied by the third grooved support plate 14 and the second support plate 8, the concave abutment friction element 17, the bolt 1, and the support force provided by the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 13 and the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 9.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first grooved friction plate 4 and the second friction plate 7 have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the first intermediate steel plate 5. The contact surfaces of the first grooved friction plate 4 and the second friction plate 7 with the first intermediate steel plate 5 are sandblasted, and their surface roughness is Ra100. The third friction plate 10 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the second intermediate steel plate 11. The contact portions of the first intermediate steel plate 5 and the second intermediate steel plate 11 are rough surfaces. The contact surfaces of the third friction plate 10 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 with the second intermediate steel plate 11 are sandblasted, and their surface roughness is Ra100.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first grooved support plate 2, the first grooved friction plate 4, the third grooved support plate 14, and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 are each provided with a rectangular groove for installing the convex contact friction element 16.

[0063] In this embodiment, the outer contact surface 19 of the concave friction element of the first grooved friction plate 4, the fourth grooved friction plate 12, and the concave abutment friction element 17 is locked in contact, and no relative slippage occurs. The contact method between the first grooved support plate 2, the third grooved support plate 14, and the outer contact surface 18 of the convex friction element of the convex abutment friction element 16 is locked in contact, and no relative slippage occurs, which facilitates the replacement of the abutment friction element.

[0064] The outer surfaces of the convex friction element 16 and the concave friction element 17 can be moistened with ordinary glue and then installed in the rectangular groove to prevent the friction elements from falling off during installation. During installation, the outer contact surface 18 of the convex friction element is located at the center of the horizontal plane of the outer contact surface 19 of the concave friction element.

[0065] Further reference Figure 4In this embodiment, the outer contact surface 18 of the convex friction member and the outer contact surface 19 of the concave friction member are in smooth contact. The convex abutting friction member 16 moves relative to each other on the contact surface of the concave abutting friction member 17. When the displacement is large, the convex abutting friction member 16 rises by abutting against the concave abutting friction member 17, thereby increasing the frictional resistance between the first grooved friction plate 4 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 and the first tension steel plate 5 and the second tension steel plate 11, respectively. The outer contact part is made smooth to facilitate the disassembly of the abutting friction member.

[0066] In this embodiment, four convex-surface friction elements 16 and four concave-surface friction elements 17 are respectively arranged between the first grooved support plate 2 and the first grooved friction plate 4. The friction elements are arranged adjacent to each other, and generally at least two to a pair are adjacent to each other for balanced force distribution.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first layer of damping viscoelastic material 3 connects the first grooved support plate 2 and the first grooved friction plate 4; the second layer of damping viscoelastic material 15 connects the second friction plate 7 and the second support plate 8; the third layer of damping viscoelastic material 9 connects the second support plate 8 and the third friction plate 10; and the fourth layer of damping viscoelastic material 13 connects the fourth grooved friction plate 12 and the third grooved support plate 14. The connection method is bonding, which is used to provide damping force and tension force for the rising stage of the convex contact friction element 16. At the same time, it can ensure stable pressure when the first grooved friction plate 4 or the fourth grooved friction plate 12 slides, thereby ensuring stable friction force and making the pressure distribution more uniform than the distribution of bolt preload alone.

[0068] In this embodiment, the contact surface of the plate layer that is in contact with the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 3, the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 15, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 9, or the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 13 is an untreated smooth surface.

[0069] In this embodiment, the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 3, the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 15, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 9, and the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 13 are all provided with long grooves for the bolt 1 to pass through, so as to prevent the bolt 1 from damaging the viscoelastic layer.

[0070] In this embodiment, bolt 1 penetrates all friction materials, ensuring that the compressive force is reliably transmitted to each friction material. Simultaneously, bolt 1 tightens the first grooved support plate 2 and the third grooved support plate 14, while the layers of damping viscoelastic material and the abutment components ensure that the friction plate and the intermediate tension plate are tightly bonded, providing sufficiently large static friction. Furthermore, by adjusting the bolt preload of bolt 1, the maximum static friction between the friction plate and the intermediate tension plate is slightly greater than or equal to the shear force of the maximum deformation of the viscoelastic material.

[0071] In this embodiment, except for the elongated holes in the friction plate and the contact friction element, the viscoelastic material is uniformly filled between the support plate and the friction element, and between the support plate and the middle tension plate. The shape and size of the gaps in the viscoelastic material are the same as the dimensions of the elongated holes and the contact friction element, to avoid the adhesion between the viscoelastic material and the bolts affecting the damper's operation. At the same time, the viscoelastic material can cover the horizontal part of the contact element, preventing the contact friction element from tipping over during friction.

[0072] In this embodiment, both the convex friction member 16 and the concave friction member 17 are detachable components. The horizontal part between the convex friction member 16 and the concave friction member 17 has a smaller coefficient of friction and a smaller friction force under small relative displacement, mainly providing preload. The friction coefficient of the rising part of the component is greater than that of the horizontal part, which satisfies the requirement that the damper can still obtain a large damping force under a small size.

[0073] Further reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, the convex contact friction member 16 and the concave contact friction member 17 are in contact with the horizontal part in a resting state, and the radius of curvature of the convex contact member 16 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the concave contact friction member 17.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first grooved support plate 2, the first intermediate tension plate 5, the second support plate 8, the second intermediate tension plate 11, and the third grooved support plate 14 are all made of Q355B steel.

[0075] In this embodiment, the first grooved friction plate 4, the second friction plate 7, the third friction plate 10, and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 are all copper friction plates, specifically made of brass.

[0076] In this embodiment, the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 3, the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 9, the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 13, and the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material 15 are all epoxy resin.

[0077] In this embodiment, both the convex friction element 16 and the concave friction element 17 are made of cast iron.

[0078] In this embodiment, a left ear plate 20 is provided on the left side of the first slotted support plate 2, the second support plate 8, and the third slotted support plate 14, and a right ear plate 6 is provided on the right side of the first middle pull plate 5 and the second middle pull plate 11. The left ear plate 20 is clamped and fixedly connected to the first slotted support plate 2, the second support plate 8, and the third slotted support plate 14. The right ear plate 6 is clamped and fixedly connected to the first middle pull plate 5 and the second middle pull plate 11.

[0079] In this embodiment, the left ear plate 20 is provided with a left ball joint seat, and the right ear plate 6 is provided with a right ball joint seat. Both the left and right ball joint seats are provided with ball bearings.

[0080] When the damper of this embodiment is used, and tensile and compressive forces are alternately applied to the damper along the axial direction, the displacement force causes the damping viscoelastic material to undergo shear deformation when the displacement is small in the first stage, thereby consuming energy. At this time, the first grooved friction plate 4 and the second friction plate 7 do not have relative displacement with the first intermediate tension steel plate 5, the third friction plate 10 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 do not have relative displacement with the second intermediate tension steel plate 11, and the convex contact friction element 16 and the concave contact friction element 17 do have relative displacement. When the displacement is large in the second stage, the displacement force is greater than the minimum load of the static friction resistance, and the first grooved friction plate 4 and the second friction plate 7 do not have relative displacement with the first intermediate tension steel plate 5, the third friction plate 10 and the fourth grooved friction plate 12 do not have relative displacement with the second intermediate tension steel plate 11 in the movable direction.

[0081] In this embodiment, when subjected to displacement in the movable direction, the viscoelastic material layer between the middle tension plate and the support plate first undergoes deformation and consumes energy. If the displacement is small, there is no relative displacement between the friction plate and the middle tension plate. When the displacement is large, it undergoes two stages of energy consumption. First, the viscoelastic material layer consumes energy. When the displacement continues to increase and reaches the maximum static friction force between the friction plate and the middle tension plate, the friction force between the friction plate and the middle tension plate participates in the work, further consuming energy in the second stage.

[0082] In this embodiment, as the displacement continues to increase, the contact friction component enters the rising stage, increasing the normal pressure between the friction surface and the middle tension plate, increasing the friction force, and at the same time restricting the displacement between the friction plate and the supporting steel plate, avoiding damage to the viscoelastic material between the supporting plate and the friction, thus hindering the operation of the contact component.

[0083] The terms "larger" and "smaller" used in this invention are relative concepts within the applicable context of this invention and do not require specific quantitative data. Those skilled in the art can understand the meaning of "larger" and "smaller" in this invention based on the description herein, and accurately understand the overall technical solution of this invention.

[0084] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

[0085] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics, characterized in that, The system comprises a first grooved support plate (2), a first grooved friction plate (4), a first intermediate tension steel plate (5), a second friction plate (7), a second support plate (8), a third friction plate (10), a second intermediate tension steel plate (11), a fourth grooved friction plate (12), and a third grooved support plate (14), arranged in parallel in sequence. Bolts (1) penetrate each plate layer to connect them. Among them, a first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (3) is provided between the first grooved support plate (2) and the first grooved friction plate (4). A second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (15) is provided between the second friction plate (7) and the second support plate (8). A third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (9) is provided between the second support plate (8) and the third friction plate (10). A fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (13) is provided between the fourth grooved friction plate (12) and the third grooved support plate (14). A convex contact friction element (16) and a concave contact friction element (17) are provided between the first long groove support plate (2) and the first long groove friction plate (4). A convex contact friction element (16) and a concave contact friction element (17) are provided between the third long groove support plate (14) and the fourth long groove friction plate (12). The first grooved friction plate (4) and the second friction plate (7) have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the first intermediate steel plate (5), and the third friction plate (10) and the fourth grooved friction plate (12) have frictional contact with the inner contact portion of the second intermediate steel plate (11), and the contact portion of the first intermediate steel plate (5) and the second intermediate steel plate (11) is rough. When the convex friction element (16) and the concave friction element (17) are at rest, the horizontal parts of the convex friction element (16) and the concave friction element (17) are in contact, and the radius of curvature of the convex friction element (16) is smaller than that of the concave friction element (17).

2. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first grooved friction plate (4) and the second friction plate (7) are pressed tightly against the first tension steel plate (5) under the pressure of being clamped by the first grooved support plate (2) and the second support plate (8), the concave abutment friction element (17), the bolt (1), and the support force provided by the first layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (3) and the second layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (15). The third friction plate (10) and the fourth grooved friction plate (12) are pressed tightly against the second tension steel plate (11) under the pressure of being clamped by the third grooved support plate (14) and the second support plate (8), the concave abutment friction element (17), the bolt (1), and the support force provided by the fourth layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (13) and the third layer of shock-absorbing viscoelastic material (9).

3. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer contact surface (19) of the concave friction component of the first grooved friction plate (4), the fourth grooved friction plate (12) and the concave abutting friction component (17) is locked in contact and does not produce relative slippage. The outer contact surface (18) of the first grooved support plate (2), the third grooved support plate (14) and the convex abutting friction component (16) is locked in contact and does not produce relative slippage.

4. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer contact surface (18) of the convex friction component and the outer contact surface (19) of the concave friction component are in smooth contact. The convex abutting friction component (16) moves relative to each other on the contact surface of the concave abutting friction component (17). Under certain displacement conditions, the convex abutting friction component (16) rises by abutting with the concave abutting friction component (17), thereby increasing the frictional resistance between the first long grooved friction plate (4) and the fourth long grooved friction plate (12) and the first middle tension steel plate (5) and the second middle tension steel plate (11), respectively.

5. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first layer of damping viscoelastic material (3) connects the first grooved support plate (2) and the first grooved friction plate (4). The second layer of damping viscoelastic material (15) connects the second friction plate (7) and the second support plate (8). The third layer of damping viscoelastic material (9) connects the second support plate (8) and the third friction plate (10). The fourth layer of damping viscoelastic material (13) connects the fourth grooved friction plate (12) and the third grooved support plate (14). The connection method is bonding, which is used to provide damping force and tension force for the rising stage of the convex contact friction element (16).

6. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first layer of damping viscoelastic material (3), the second layer of damping viscoelastic material (15), the third layer of damping viscoelastic material (9), and the fourth layer of damping viscoelastic material (13) are all provided with long grooves for the bolt (1) to pass through.

7. A damper with multi-stage energy dissipation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the convex friction component (16) and the concave friction component (17) are detachable components. The friction coefficient of the rising part of the convex friction component (16) and the concave friction component (17) is greater than that of the horizontal part.

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