A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top of high-angle coal seams by staggering and pseudo-inclined leveling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for coal mining with broken bottom and staggered distance along the top of a high-angle coal seam, which mainly comprises: the upper lane of the upper section fully-mechanized caving working face is arranged with broken bottom along the bottom plate of the coal seam, the lower lane of the upper section fully-mechanized caving working face is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam, and the coal mining smooth section of the upper section fully-mechanized caving working face and the transition section of the lower lane are arranged in an upward pseudo-inclined manner; the lane of the lower section fully-mechanized caving working face is arranged with broken bottom along the bottom plate of the coal seam, the lower lane of the lower section fully-mechanized caving working face is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam, and the coal mining smooth section of the lower section fully-mechanized caving working face and the transition section of the lower lane are arranged in an upward pseudo-inclined manner. The method cancels the transition section between the coal mining smooth section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the upper lane, reduces the actual inclination angle of the upper lane, is beneficial to the support of the end of the upper lane, the coal mining smooth section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the transition section of the lower lane are arranged in a pseudo-inclined manner, and the tendency of the equipment to slide down by its own weight is reduced. When the fully-mechanized caving working face of the lower section is mined, the triangular coal remaining in the transition section of the lower lane of the fully-mechanized caving working face of the upper section can be mined out, thereby reducing the coal loss at the end of the fully-mechanized caving working face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a method for coal mining by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top along the staggered distance and pseudo-inclined leveling in a high-angle coal seam. The method is mainly used in a fully mechanized caving working face of a high-angle thick coal seam to prevent upper and lower tunnel equipment from sliding down and to reduce coal loss at the end of the fully mechanized caving working face. Background Art

[0002] The occurrence conditions of coal are diverse. With the continuous downward mining of coal resources, the occurrence conditions of coal seams are getting worse and worse. In high-angle thick coal seams, it is often encountered that the smooth section of the working face coal mining and the transition section of the upper and lower double tunnels are too inclined. As a result, the hydraulic support and other equipment will automatically slide down because the gravity in the inclination direction is greater than the friction in the sliding direction. This undesirable phenomenon seriously endangers the stability of the support during coal mining on the working face, and may even affect the normal production of the entire working face.

[0003] The present invention has convenient arrangement of upper and lower tunnels of the fully-mechanized caving working face, simple technology and strong operability, eliminates the transition section between the smooth mining section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the upper tunnel, reduces the actual inclination angle of the upper tunnel, and is beneficial to the support of the upper tunnel end; the smooth mining section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the transition section of the lower tunnel are arranged in a pseudo-inclined manner to reduce the inclination angle and prevent the equipment from sliding down between the smooth mining section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the transition section of the lower tunnel; when the fully-mechanized caving working face of the lower section is mined, part of the triangular coal body left in the transition section of the lower tunnel of the fully-mechanized caving working face of the upper section is mined, which fundamentally reduces the end loss in the traditional fully-mechanized caving coal mining method and is beneficial to improving the coal recovery rate of the entire mine. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the upper and lower tunnel layout methods of high-angle traditional fully mechanized top-caving working faces, the present invention proposes a high-angle coal seam bottom-breaking, top-staggered, pseudo-inclined and leveling coal mining method. The purpose is to avoid the sliding of tunnel equipment such as hydraulic supports in the transition section of the upper and lower tunnels due to high-angle inclination to a limited extent without changing the existing mining technology conditions, only by optimizing the layout of the upper and lower tunnels. The tunnels on the fully mechanized top-caving working face in the lower section are arranged in the triangular coal body left at the lower end of the fully mechanized top-caving working face in the upper section. When the tunnels on the fully mechanized top-caving working face in the lower section are arranged or the coal is mined and caved in the smooth mining section, part of the triangular coal can be mined, which can effectively alleviate the technical problem of large-scale coal loss at the end of the fully mechanized top-caving working face.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: the present invention discloses a method for coal mining with broken bottom, staggered distance and pseudo-inclined leveling along the top of a high-angle coal seam, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the broken bottom of the right side of the upper lane of the upper section comprehensive caving working face is arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam, the lower lane of the upper section comprehensive caving working face is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam, and the coal mining smooth section of the upper section comprehensive caving working face and the transition section of the lower lane of the upper section are arranged in an upward pseudo-inclined manner; the broken bottom of the lane on the lower section working face is staggered along the outside of the bottom plate of the coal seam, the lower lane of the lower section working face is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam, and the coal mining smooth section of the lower section comprehensive caving working face and the transition section of the lower lane of the lower section are arranged in an upward pseudo-inclined manner.

[0006] A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top and staggering the distance along the top in a high-angle coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps.

[0007] Step 1: The cross-section of the upper lane on the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is rectangular, with a net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of the lane on the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is broken and arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam. The cross-section of the lower lane on the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is italic, with a left net height × net width × right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower lane on the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam.

[0008] Step 2: The fully mechanized caving coal mining face in the upper section includes a transition section across the coal seam and a smooth section along the bottom plate of the coal seam. The transition section and the smooth section are connected at the bottom plate of the coal seam. The overall angle between the coal mining face and the coal seam inclination is 30°. The transition section of the fully mechanized caving coal mining face in the upper section is ahead of the smooth section, and the smooth section is four times the length of the transition section.

[0009] Step three, the upper lane of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is connected to the smooth mining section of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face, the lower lane of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is connected to the coal mining transition section of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face, and end hydraulic supports are used for support at both T-shaped intersections of the lane of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face.

[0010] Step 4: After all the coal in the upper section's fully-mechanized caving working face has been mined and the roof caving work has been completed and the upper section's roof has been broken and collapsed to be stable, start arranging the mining tunnels of the lower section's fully-mechanized caving working face, and the upper and lower tunnels of the upper section's fully-mechanized caving working face will no longer be retained.

[0011] Step five: the cross-section of the upper lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is rectangular, with a net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of the lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is broken and arranged 5m outside the coal seam bottom plate in the triangular media left under the transition section of the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section. Anchor net support is adopted. The cross-section of the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is italic, with a left net height × a net width × a right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower lane is arranged along the coal seam roof and supported by anchor rods + metal mesh.

[0012] Step six: the upper lane of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the smooth mining section of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face, the lower lane of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the coal mining transition section of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face, and the two T-shaped intersections of the lane of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face are supported by end hydraulic supports.

[0013] Step seven, repeat steps four, five, and six in sequence to complete the high-angle coal seam bottom-breaking, top-staggered, pseudo-inclined and leveling coal mining.

[0014] Furthermore, in step one, the upper tunnel of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam, and the top is the coal seam, which requires strengthened support.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 2, the inclination angles of the smooth section and transition section of the upper section fully mechanized caving working face can be appropriately adjusted according to the equipment model and geological conditions.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, there is a certain time interval between the mining of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face and the layout of the tunnels of the lower section's fully mechanized caving working face to ensure that the goaf's gangue is compacted after the roof of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face collapses.

[0017] The functions and outstanding advantages of the present invention are as follows: the upper and lower tunnels of the fully-mechanized caving working face of the present invention are simply arranged, with good continuity and strong operability; the upper tunnel transition section of the fully-mechanized caving working face is eliminated, and the tunnel layout angle of the working face is slowed down, and part of the triangular coal left in the lower tunnel transition section of the fully-mechanized caving working face is recovered, thereby improving the coal recovery rate of the fully-mechanized caving working face; the coal mining smooth section of the fully-mechanized caving working face and the lower tunnel transition section are arranged in an upward and pseudo-inclined leveling manner, which is beneficial to the support of the coal mining smooth section and the transition section of the fully-mechanized caving working face. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top and staggering the distance along the top in a high-angle coal seam.

[0019] 1 is the upper lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section; 2 is the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section; 3 is the lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section; 4 is the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section; 5 is the transition section of the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section; 6 is the transition section of the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section; 7 is the roof of the coal seam; 8 is the bottom of the coal seam; 9 is the coal body to be caved in the working face of the upper section; 10 is the coal body to be caved in the working face of the lower section; 11 is the smooth section of coal mining in the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section; 12 is the smooth section of coal mining in the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section; 13 is the goaf; 14 is the triangular coal body in the upper section; 15 is the triangular coal body in the lower section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to examples and drawings.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top and staggering the distance along the top in a high-angle coal seam, and the specific steps are as follows.

[0022] Step 1: The cross-section of the upper tunnel 1 of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is rectangular, with a net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of the tunnel 1 of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is broken and arranged along the coal seam bottom plate 8. The cross-section of the lower tunnel 2 of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is italic, with a left net height × net width × right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower tunnel 2 of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face is arranged along the coal seam roof 7.

[0023] Step 2: The upper section of the fully mechanized caving coal mining face includes a transition section 5 through the coal seam and a smooth section 11 along the coal seam floor. The transition section 5 and the smooth section 11 are connected at the coal seam floor 8. The overall angle between the coal mining face and the coal seam is θ The angle is 30°. The transition section 5 of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is ahead of the smooth section 11 . The smooth section 11 is four times longer than the transition section 5 .

[0024] Step three, the upper lane 1 of the upper section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the coal mining smooth section 11 of the upper section comprehensive top-caving working face, the lower lane 2 of the upper section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the coal mining transition section 5 of the upper section comprehensive top-caving working face, and the two T-shaped intersections of the laneway of the upper section comprehensive top-caving working face are supported by end hydraulic supports.

[0025] Step 4: After all the coal 9 in the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face has been mined and the roof caving work has been completed and the upper section's roof has been broken and collapsed to be stable, start arranging the mining roadway of the lower section's fully mechanized caving working face. The upper section's fully mechanized caving working face 1 and the lower roadway 2 will no longer be retained.

[0026] Step five: the cross-section of upper lane 3 of the lower section top-level caving working face is rectangular, with net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of lane 3 of the lower section top-level caving working face is broken and arranged 5m outward along the coal seam bottom plate in the triangular media 14 left under the transition section of lower lane 2 of the upper section top-level caving working face, and anchor net support is adopted. The cross-section of lower lane 4 of the lower section top-level caving working face is italic, with left net height × net width × right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower lane is arranged along the coal seam roof 7 and supported by anchor rods + metal mesh.

[0027] Step six, the upper lane 3 of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the coal mining smooth section 12 of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face, the lower lane 4 of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face is connected with the coal mining transition section 6 of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face, and the two T-shaped intersections of the laneway of the lower section comprehensive top-caving working face are supported by end hydraulic supports.

[0028] Step seven, repeat steps four, five, and six in sequence to complete the high-angle coal seam bottom-breaking, top-staggered, pseudo-inclined and leveling coal mining.

[0029] Furthermore, in step one, the tunnel 1 on the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the coal seam bottom plate 8, and the top is the coal seam, which requires strengthened support.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 2, the inclination angles of the coal mining smoothing section 11 and the transition section 5 of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section can be appropriately adjusted according to the equipment model and geological conditions.

[0031] Furthermore, in step four, there is a certain time interval between the mining of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face and the layout of the tunnels of the lower section's fully mechanized caving working face to ensure that the goaf's gangue is compacted after the roof of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face collapses.

[0032] The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the description of the present embodiment, but is defined according to the claims.

Claims

1. A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and leveling along the top of a high-angle coal seam, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: The cross section of the upper roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is rectangular, with a net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of the roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam. The cross section of the lower roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is italic, with a left net height × net width × right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the top plate of the coal seam. Step 2: The fully mechanized caving coal mining face in the upper section includes a transition section across the coal seam and a smooth section along the coal seam floor. The transition section and the smooth section are connected at the coal seam floor. The angle between the overall coal mining face and the coal seam inclination is 30°. The transition section of the fully mechanized caving coal mining face in the upper section is ahead of the smooth section, and the smooth section is four times the length of the transition section. Step 3: The upper roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is connected with the smooth section of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section, the lower roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is connected with the transition section of the coal mining of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section, and the two T-shaped intersections of the roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section are supported by end hydraulic supports; Step 4: After all coal mining and roof caving work is completed in the upper section of the fully-mechanized caving working face, and the upper section roof is completely broken and collapsed and stabilized, the mining roadway of the lower section of the fully-mechanized caving working face is arranged, and the upper and lower roadways of the upper section of the fully-mechanized caving working face are no longer retained; Step 5: The cross section of the upper roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is rectangular, with a net width × net height = 4000mm × 4000mm. The right side of the roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is broken and arranged 5m outside the coal seam floor in the triangular media left under the transition section of the lower roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section, and anchor net support is adopted. The cross section of the lower roadway of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is italic, with a left net height × net width × right net height = 1700mm × 4000mm × 4000mm. The lower roadway is arranged along the coal seam roof and supported by anchor rods (cables); Step 6: The upper lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is connected with the coal mining smooth section of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section, the lower lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section is connected with the coal mining transition section of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section, and the two T-shaped intersections of the lane of the fully mechanized caving working face in the lower section are supported by end hydraulic supports; Step seven, repeat steps four, five, and six in sequence to complete the high-angle coal seam bottom-breaking, top-staggered, pseudo-inclined and leveling coal mining.

2. A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top of a high-angle coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the upper tunnel of the fully mechanized caving working face in the upper section is arranged along the bottom plate of the coal seam, and the top is the coal seam, which requires strengthened support.

3. A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top of a high-angle coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the inclination angles of the smooth section and transition section of the upper section fully mechanized caving working face can be appropriately adjusted according to the equipment model and geological conditions.

4. A method for mining coal by breaking the bottom and adjusting the top of a high-angle coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, there is a certain time interval between the layout of the tunnels of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face and the lower section's fully mechanized caving working face after mining, to ensure that the goaf's gangue is compacted after the roof of the upper section's fully mechanized caving working face collapses.

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