A mode-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mode-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of realizing circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle, which comprises an antenna array support frame; the antenna array support frame is a frame with a regular dodecahedron structure; except for the bottom surface, each of the remaining eleven surfaces of the antenna array support frame is respectively provided with an antenna element; each antenna element respectively comprises a regular pentagon-shaped dielectric substrate; a circular patch antenna radiator is arranged on each dielectric substrate; at the top of the patch antenna radiator, two symmetrically distributed antenna feeding points are arranged; the bottom surfaces of the dielectric substrates are respectively metal grounds. The dual-polarized regular dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna disclosed by the present invention is scientifically designed, utilizes the unique advantages of the spatial structure, and realizes a large-capacity circular polarization antenna array with a large spatial angle coverage through design, meeting the requirements for antenna capacity and radiation pattern in the 5G era, and having great practical significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of indoor antennas, and particularly to a mode-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G technology, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of indoor antennas, and the demand for antenna capacity also increases accordingly. Due to the complex and changeable application scenarios of indoor antennas, different antennas are often required for different application scenarios.

[0003] Currently, it is impossible to achieve signal coverage of a large indoor space (such as a large shopping mall) through a single antenna and ensure the anti-interference ability of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mode-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a mode-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle, which is characterized in that it includes an antenna array support frame;

[0006] The antenna array support frame is a frame with a regular dodecahedron structure;

[0007] Except for the bottom surface, each of the remaining eleven surfaces of the antenna array support frame is provided with an antenna unit;

[0008] Each antenna unit respectively includes a dielectric substrate in the shape of a regular pentagon;

[0009] A circular patch antenna radiator is arranged on each dielectric substrate;

[0010] At the top of the patch antenna radiator, two symmetrically distributed antenna feeding points are arranged;

[0011] The bottom surface of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground.

[0012] Preferably, the side length of the regular pentagon dielectric substrate is 0.32 free space wavelengths.

[0013] Preferably, the antenna array support frame has a regular dodecahedron structure, and the frame of the antenna array support frame is a hollow structure;

[0014] Except for the bottom surface, each of the remaining eleven surfaces of the antenna array support frame has an antenna unit installation groove for placing the antenna unit.

[0015] Preferably, a circular through-hole is provided on the wire unit installation groove;

[0016] The shape and size of the through-hole are the same as those of the patch antenna radiator.

[0017] Preferably, an SMA connector is respectively provided at each antenna feed point.

[0018] Preferably, there is a 1-mm gap between any two adjacent antenna units.

[0019] As can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the present invention above, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle. Its design is scientific, taking advantage of the unique advantages of the spatial structure, and realizing a large-capacity circular polarization antenna array with large spatial angle coverage through design, meeting the requirements for antenna capacity and radiation pattern in the 5G era, and having great practical significance. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of any one antenna unit in a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the antenna array support frame in a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a result comparison diagram of simulating and testing the S parameters of a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a result comparison diagram of simulating and testing the gain of the antenna array when φ = 0° for a mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron-structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle provided by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6For the dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna with adjustable patterns that can achieve circular polarization pattern coverage in a large spatial angle, the comparison diagram of the axial ratio simulation and test results of the antenna array at φ = 0°;

[0026] Figure 7 The antenna array provided by the present invention, the schematic diagram of the radiation pattern when applied to indoor scenarios such as large shopping malls;

[0027] In the figure, 1 is the patch antenna radiator, 2 is the antenna feeding point, 3 is the dielectric substrate, and 4 is the metal ground;

[0028] 100 is the antenna unit and 200 is the antenna array support frame. Specific embodiments

[0029] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

[0032] Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0033] See Figures 1 to 7 , the present invention provides a pattern-adjustable dual-polarized regular dodecahedron spherical antenna that can achieve circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle, including an antenna array support frame 200;

[0034] On the antenna array support frame 200, except for the bottom surface, there is an antenna element 100 provided on each of the remaining eleven surfaces;

[0035] Each antenna element 100 respectively includes a regular pentagon dielectric substrate 3;

[0036] A circular patch antenna radiator 1 is provided on each dielectric substrate 3;

[0037] At the top of the patch antenna radiator 1, there are two symmetrically distributed antenna feeding points 2;

[0038] The bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 3 is respectively a metal ground 4.

[0039] In the present invention, specifically, it should be noted that the antenna array support frame 200 is of a regular dodecahedron structure, and the frame of the antenna array support frame 200 is a hollow structure;

[0040] On the antenna array support frame 200, except for the bottom surface, there is an antenna element mounting groove 201 for placing the antenna element 100 on each of the remaining eleven surfaces.

[0041] Specifically, on the antenna element mounting groove 201, there is a circular through hole 202;

[0042] The shape and size of the through hole 202 are the same as those of the patch antenna radiator 1. The function of the through hole is mainly to allow the feeder line to connect to the SMA connector (the SMA connector on the antenna feeding point 2) inside the frame to feed each antenna element 100.

[0043] Specifically, the material of the antenna array support frame 200 is plastic, and there is no special requirement for the relative dielectric constant.

[0044] In the present invention, specifically, the dielectric substrate 3 can specifically adopt a PCB board with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 for the material;

[0045] In the present invention, specifically, the patch antenna radiator 1 is specifically a copper sheet, and its material is the copper provided on the PCB board.

[0046] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, on each antenna feed point 2, an SMA connector is respectively provided, that is, the feeding method adopts the SMA connector. The SMA connector is used to provide excitation for the antenna. The full name of the SMA connector is Sub Miniature version A, which is a typical high-frequency connector. Due to the characteristics of small size, high reliability, wide frequency band, excellent performance, long service life, etc. of the SMA connector, it is applicable to connecting RF cables or microstrip lines in the RF circuits of microwave equipment and digital communication systems.

[0047] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, the metal ground 4 is specifically a copper sheet located on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 3 (such as a PCB board).

[0048] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, the antenna array support frame 200 is used to fix all antenna elements and serves as a support structure.

[0049] The antenna element 100 is used to emit electromagnetic waves. All antenna elements radiate electromagnetic waves by controlling the fixed positions, excitation phases, and amplitudes, and can achieve multiple radiation patterns.

[0050] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, the two antenna feed points 2 can control the polarization of the antenna element, and the antenna element can be rotated to adjust the circular polarization phase.

[0051] The distance between each antenna feed point 2 and the center of the circular patch antenna radiator 1 is 8 mm. This can not only ensure that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna element can cover the desired frequency band but also connect the two SMA structures installed on the two antenna feed points 2 at the same time.

[0052] It should be noted that for the antenna array provided by the present invention, as Figure 2 shown, the antenna array is composed of eleven antenna elements and adopts a spatial arrangement structure of a regular dodecahedron.

[0053] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, in order to enable the antenna array to achieve the effect of a wide beam, the base length of the antenna element 100 (i.e., the side length of the regular pentagonal dielectric substrate 3) is 0.32 free-space wavelengths.

[0054] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, the antenna element 100 is placed in the antenna element installation groove 201 of the antenna array support frame 200.

[0055] In the present invention, specifically in implementation, there is a 1-mm gap between any two adjacent antenna elements 100.

[0056] It should be noted that the gaps between the antenna elements can not only be used to increase the half-power beamwidth of the antenna and the coverage angle, but also facilitate the installation and disassembly of the antenna array.

[0057] It should be noted that the free-space wavelength is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave when it propagates in free space.

[0058] In the present invention, specifically, the antenna elements can achieve a phase difference through their own rotation, so the feed network of this antenna array is greatly simplified.

[0059] It should be noted that the present invention is a wide-angle scanning large-capacity antenna designed for large shopping malls. The antenna array adopted in the present invention can be applied to large shopping malls. Installing the antenna array on the roof of the mall can cover the entire mall with one antenna array. And since the distance between the antenna and the terminal directly below is less than the distance between other surrounding floors, there is a voltage drop of about 2 dB in the radiation pattern of the antenna array of the present invention directly below to improve the anti-interference ability of the antenna, as Figure 7 shown. At this time, the side of the antenna array support frame 200 without the antenna element 100 installed faces upward (i.e., towards the roof direction).

[0060] The antenna of the present invention is a brand-new spherical antenna array. By controlling the feeding of eleven dual-polarized antenna elements, it can achieve multiple radiation patterns, and realizes a wide half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and a wide axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) through the spatial structure.

[0061] To more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0062] As Figure 1 shown, the antennas of the present invention are arranged in a regular dodecahedron space. The position of each antenna element 100 is fixed by the antenna array support frame 200 obtained by 3D printing. The side length of the antenna element 100 is 0.32 free-space wavelengths, and there is a 1-mm gap between the antenna elements to increase the half-power beamwidth of the antenna and the coverage angle. Moreover, the antenna array structure of the present invention can be applied to multiple frequency bands, including 2.4 - 2.5 GHz and 4.8 - 5.0 GHz.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the simulation and test results of S parameters for a dual-polarized regular dodecahedron structure spherical antenna provided by the present invention, which can achieve circular polarization pattern coverage with a large spatial angle and adjustable patterns; in Figure 4 , the ordinate is the S parameter, and the abscissa is the frequency. S11 and S22 are the return losses, and S12 is the isolation between the two ports of the unit.

[0064] FromFigure 4 It can be seen that the antenna of the present invention can cover the 2.45 GHz frequency band.

[0065] Figure 5 is a comparison of the simulation and test results of the antenna gain of the present invention when φ = 0° (φ is the azimuth angle in the spherical coordinate system). In Figure 5 the vertical axis represents the antenna gain, and the horizontal axis represents the zenith angle in the spherical coordinate system. The simulation represents the simulation pattern when φ = 0°, and the test represents the test result. From Figure 5 it can be seen that the difference between the measured value and the simulated value of the antenna array is within the allowable error range, and the half-power beam width of the antenna of the present invention exceeds 215°.

[0066] Figure 6 is a comparison chart of the simulated (Simulated) and measured (Measured) axial ratio of the antenna of the present invention when φ = 0°. In Figure 6 the vertical axis AR represents the axial ratio of the antenna, and the horizontal axis theta (θ) is the zenith angle in the spherical coordinate system. Simulated is the simulation result of the antenna when φ = 0°, and Measured is the test result of the antenna when φ = 0°. From Figure 6 it can be seen that the difference between the measured value and the simulated value of the antenna array is within the allowable error range, and the axial ratio beam width of the antenna of the present invention exceeds 230°.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron structure spherical antenna provided by the present invention, which can achieve circular polarization pattern coverage in a large space angle, has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] For the present invention, as a space antenna array based on the dodecahedron structure, the antenna element size and the array space size are optimized. In the frequency band of 2.4 - 2.48 GHz, on the plane where φ is any value, a wide half-power beam width (HPBW) of 215° and a wide axial ratio beam width (ARBW) of 230° are achieved.

[0069] In summary, compared with the prior art, the mode-adjustable dual-polarized dodecahedron structure spherical antenna provided by the present invention, which can achieve circular polarization pattern coverage in a large space angle, has a scientific design. Utilizing the unique advantages of the space structure, a large-capacity circularly polarized antenna array with a large space angle coverage is realized through design, meeting the requirements for antenna capacity and radiation pattern in the 5G era, and having great practical significance.

[0070] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mode - adjustable dual - polarized regular dodecahedron - structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circularly - polarized pattern coverage over a large spatial angle, characterized in that, it includes an antenna array support frame (200); The antenna array support frame (200) is a frame with a regular dodecahedron structure; Except for the bottom surface, on each of the remaining eleven surfaces of the antenna array support frame (200), an antenna element (100) is respectively provided; Each antenna element (100) respectively includes a regular pentagon - shaped dielectric substrate (3); On each dielectric substrate (3), a circular patch antenna radiator (1) is provided; At the top of the patch antenna radiator (1), two symmetrically - distributed antenna feeding points (2) are provided; The bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (3) is respectively a metal ground (4); The side length of the regular pentagon - shaped dielectric substrate (3) is 0.32 free - space wavelengths; There is a 1 - mm gap between any two adjacent antenna elements (100); The two antenna feeding points (2) are used to control the polarization of the antenna element, and the antenna element adjusts the circular - polarization phase by rotation; The distance between each antenna feeding point (2) and the center of the circular patch antenna radiator (1) is 8 mm.

2. The mode - adjustable dual - polarized regular dodecahedron - structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circularly - polarized pattern coverage over a large spatial angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna array support frame (200) has a regular dodecahedron structure, and the frame of the antenna array support frame (200) is a hollow structure; Except for the bottom surface, on each of the remaining eleven surfaces of the antenna array support frame (200), there is an antenna element mounting groove (201) for placing the antenna element (100).

3. The mode - adjustable dual - polarized regular dodecahedron - structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circularly - polarized pattern coverage over a large spatial angle according to claim 2, characterized in that, A circular through - hole (202) is provided on the antenna element mounting groove (201); The shape and size of the through - hole (202) are the same as those of the patch antenna radiator (1).

4. The mode - adjustable dual - polarized regular dodecahedron - structured spherical antenna capable of achieving circularly - polarized pattern coverage over a large spatial angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, An SMA connector is respectively provided on each antenna feeding point (2).

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