A communication method, network device, and computer-readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application discloses a communication method, a network device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method at least includes: a first network element receives feature information of a traffic flow sent by an application function network element; the first network element generates a first processing rule based on the feature information of the traffic flow; the first network element sends the first processing rule to a core network user plane function network element, and the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication method, a network device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technologies, a rich variety of services have emerged, and the requirements for services are becoming increasingly stringent. For example, the requirements for services call for lower latency and higher bandwidth. Currently, in order to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of services, the core network usually configures semi-static QoS information for the access network, so that the access network performs service transmission based on the semi-static QoS information. However, the semi-static QoS information has the problem of poor flexibility, which will result in low resource utilization efficiency of services. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, a device, a network device, a chip, and a computer-readable storage medium.

[0004] The communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes:

[0005] A first network element receives feature information of a service flow sent by an application function network element;

[0006] The first network element generates a first processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow;

[0007] The first network element sends the first processing rule to a core network user plane function network element, and the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

[0008] The communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes:

[0009] The core network user plane function network element receives a data packet, and the data packet is a downlink data packet;

[0010] The core network user plane function network element identifies the frame information of the data packet based on the first processing rule, and marks the data packet based on the frame information;

[0011] The core network user plane function network element sends the marked data packet to a radio access network network element.

[0012] The communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application includes:

[0013] The radio access network network element receives a data packet sent by the core network user plane function network element, and the data packet is marked with frame information;

[0014] The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet;

[0015] The radio access network element sends the processed data packet to the terminal.

[0016] The communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application is applied to a first network element, and the device includes:

[0017] A receiving unit, configured to receive the characteristic information of the service flow sent by the application function network element;

[0018] A generating unit, configured to generate a first processing rule based on the characteristic information of the service flow;

[0019] A sending unit, configured to send the first processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, where the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify the frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

[0020] The communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application is applied to the core network user plane function network element, and the device includes:

[0021] A receiving unit, configured to receive a data packet, where the data packet is a downlink data packet;

[0022] A processing unit, configured to identify the frame information of the data packet based on the first processing rule and mark the data packet based on the frame information;

[0023] A sending unit, configured to send the marked data packet to the radio access network element.

[0024] The communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application is applied to the radio access network element, and the device includes:

[0025] A receiving unit, configured to receive a data packet sent by the core network user plane function network element, where the data packet is marked with frame information;

[0026] A processing unit, configured to process the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet;

[0027] A sending unit, configured to send the processed data packet to the terminal.

[0028] The network device provided by an embodiment of the present application includes: a processor and a memory, where the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program stored in the memory to execute any one of the above communication methods.

[0029] The chip provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes any of the above communication methods.

[0030] The computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to store a computer program, and the computer program enables a computer to execute any of the above communication methods.

[0031] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, on the one hand, a first network element obtains feature information of a service flow from an application function network element, and configures a first rule for a core network user plane function network element based on the feature information, so that the core network user plane function network element can perform frame-level identification and frame-level marking on data packets according to the first rule; on the other hand, since the data packets are marked with frame information, the radio access network network element can perform dynamic processing on the data packets according to the frame information of each data packet, and send the processed data packets to the terminal. It can be seen that frame-level identification and frame-level marking of data packets provide a basis for subsequent dynamic processing of data packets. Dynamic processing of data packets can ensure flexible QoS requirements, realize intelligent adaptation of data packet transmission to resources, and improve resource utilization efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the QoS mechanism provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 2 is a flowchart of resource allocation according to QoS requirements provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 3 is a flowchart of PDU session modification provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 4 is a functional diagram of the user plane transmission protocol on the RAN side provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of data packets corresponding to each protocol layer provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a video frame provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 7 is a schematic flow of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 8-1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between a video frame and a data packet provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0040] Figure 8-2 Schematic diagram of the relationship between video frames and data packets provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 9 Schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 10 Schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0043] Figure 11-1 Schematic diagram of speed regulation by the I key provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0044] Figure 11-2 Schematic diagram of speed regulation by the I key and B / P frame discard provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0045] Figure 12 Schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0046] Figure 13 Schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 5 ;

[0047] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structural composition of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0048] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the structural composition of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0049] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structural composition of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0050] Figure 17 Schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0051] Figure 18 Schematic structural diagram of the chip provided by the embodiments of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 5G systems, 6G systems, future communication systems, and so on. A communication system may include core network devices, access network devices, and terminals. Among them, core network devices and access network devices are collectively referred to as network devices. As an example, core network devices may further include core network user plane function network elements and core network control plane function network elements. As an example, access network devices may include access network function network elements, such as base stations. As an example, a terminal may be a mobile phone, a wearable device (such as a smart watch), a low-cost terminal, and so on.

[0054] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the description of "terminal" may also be replaced by "terminal device" or "User Equipment (UE)".

[0055] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" only describes the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may indicate: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the embodiments of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0056] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the "indication" mentioned may be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or may also indicate an association relationship. For example, A indicates B, which may mean that A directly indicates B. For example, B can be obtained through A; it may also mean that A indirectly indicates B. For example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it may also mean that there is an association relationship between A and B.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "corresponding" may indicate a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between two parties, may also indicate an association relationship between two parties, or may be a relationship such as indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured.

[0058] To facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the related technologies of the embodiments of this application are described below. The following related technologies can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0059] ·QoS mechanism

[0060] To ensure the transmission quality, a QoS mechanism is required. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, in a wireless communication network, in order to be able to transmit user plane data, one or more QoS flows need to be established. As an important measure of communication quality, QoS parameters are usually used to indicate the characteristics of QoS flows, and different QoS flows correspond to different QoS parameters. QoS parameters can include, but are not limited to: 5G QoS Identifier (5QI), Allocation Retension Priority (ARP), Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR), Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR), UL / DL Maximum Packet Loss Rate (UL / DL MPLR), Packet Delay Budget (PDB), AN-PDB, Packet Error Rate (PER), Priority Level, Averaging Window, Resource Type, Maximum Data Burst Volume (MDBV), UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (UE-AMBR), Session Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (Session-AMBR), etc.

[0061] The rules related to QoS parameters can be implemented through one or more different filters. Each filter can contain characteristic parameters describing data packets and is used to filter out specific data packets to be bound to a specific QoS flow. Among them, the rule installed on the terminal for binding the uplink QoS flow and application data packets is called the QoS rule, and the rule installed on the User Plane Function (UPF) for binding the downlink QoS flow and application data packets is called the Packet Detection Rule (PDR). Here, the characteristic parameters describing data packets commonly included in the filter are the IP quintuple, that is, the source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, and protocol type. The UPF and the terminal will form filters according to the combination of the characteristic parameters of the data packets (such as Figure 1The leftmost trapezoid and the rightmost parallelogram in the figure represent the filter. The filter filters the uplink or downlink data packets that meet the characteristic parameters of the data packets transmitted on the user plane and binds them to a certain QoS flow. The uplink QoS flow is bound by the terminal device, and the downlink QoS flow is bound by the network side (such as UPF). In the QoS mechanism, one or more QoS flows can be mapped to an air interface resource for transmission. As an example, the air interface resource can be a Data Radio Bearer (DRB). For a QoS flow, there is a set of QoS parameters. The access network will establish a DRB according to the QoS parameters and bind the QoS flow to a specific DRB.

[0062] In the QoS mechanism, the Application Function (AF) sends the QoS requirements of the service to the core network. As an example, the QoS requirements are, for example, 5QI, GFBR, etc.; the core network allocates resources based on the QoS requirements of the service. As an example, the resource allocation is, for example, the allocation of Resource Blocks (RB) resources on the air interface, and the allocation of processing resources of the core network user plane function network element (such as UPF). The specific process refers to Figure 2 , including the following steps:

[0063] Step 201: AF sends a QoS establishment request message to the Network Exposure Function (NEF).

[0064] Here, the QoS establishment request message carries one or more QoS requirement information. For the case of carrying multiple QoS requirement information, the multiple QoS requirement information is sorted according to the priority of the requirements.

[0065] Step 202: NEF authenticates the QoS establishment request message.

[0066] Step 203: NEF sends a policy authentication establishment request message to the Policy Control Function (PCF).

[0067] Here, the policy authentication establishment request message carries one or more QoS requirement information from AF. PCF generates QoS parameters according to the received QoS requirement information.

[0068] Step 204: PCF sends a policy authentication establishment response message to NEF.

[0069] Here, the policy authentication establishment response message carries the QoS parameters generated by PCF.

[0070] Step 205: The NEF sends a QoS establishment response message to the AF.

[0071] Here, the QoS establishment response message carries QoS parameters from the PCF.

[0072] Step 206: The NEF sends a policy authentication subscription message to the PCF.

[0073] Here, the policy authentication subscription message is used to subscribe to the resource allocation status notification corresponding to the QoS parameters from the PCF.

[0074] Step 207: The PCF sends a policy authentication notification message to the NEF.

[0075] Here, the policy authentication notification message carries the resource allocation status notification.

[0076] Step 208: The NEF sends a QoS notification message to the AF.

[0077] Here, the QoS notification message carries the resource allocation status notification from the PCF.

[0078] In the QoS mechanism, the QoS flow is triggered to be established by the Session Management Function (SMF). When QoS needs to be adjusted, both the terminal and the network side can trigger the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session modification process to change the QoS. Taking the terminal as an example, the terminal can modify the QoS parameters of the QoS flow or establish a new QoS flow by sending a PDU session modification request message. That is to say, when the terminal adjusts the QoS, it needs to execute a PDU session modification process and must obtain the consent of the network. The specific process refers to Figure 3 , including the following steps:

[0079] Step 301: The PCF sends a PDU session modification request message to the SMF.

[0080] Step 302: The SMF forwards the PDU session modification request message to the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF).

[0081] Step 303: The AMF forwards the PDU session modification request message to the Radio Access Network (RAN).

[0082] Step 304: The RAN sends an RRC reconfiguration message to the terminal.

[0083] Here, the RRC reconfiguration message carries resource configuration information.

[0084] Step 305: The SMF performs QoS configuration on the UPF.

[0085] Here, performing QoS configuration on the UPF is, for example, adding a PDR with a certain QFI in the UPF. Here, the QFI can be dynamically configured or equal to 5QI.

[0086] Step 306: The terminal feeds back the PDU session modification result.

[0087] · User plane transport protocol

[0088] The user plane transport protocol functions on the RAN side are as Figure 4 shown and include the following protocol layers: Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. Among them, the SDAP layer can also be called the SDAP entity, the PDCP layer can also be called the PDCP entity, the RLC layer can also be called the RLC entity, and the MAC layer can also be called the MAC entity. Each protocol layer has its own functions. For example, the SADP layer mainly has QoS flow processing functions. The PDCP layer mainly has functions such as Robust Header Compression (ROHC) and Security. The RLC layer mainly has segmentation and retransmission functions. The MAC layer mainly has multiplexing and retransmission functions.

[0089] From the perspective of data packets, referring to Figure 5, the IP data packets at the application layer are passed to the SDAP layer. The IP data packets serve as the SDAP service data units (SDUs) of the SDAP layer. After adding a header (abbreviated as H) outside the SDAP SDU, the SDAP layer forms an SDAP PDU and passes the SDAP PDU to the PDCP layer. The SDAP PDU serves as the PDCP SDU of the PDCP layer. After adding a header outside the PDCP SDU, the PDCP layer forms a PDCP PDU and passes the PDCP PDU to the RLC layer. The PDCP PDU serves as the RLC SDU of the RLC layer. There are two ways for the RLC layer to process the RLC SDU according to the size of the transport block (TB). One way is to directly add a header outside the RLC SDU and then pass it to the MAC layer. The other way is to segment the RLC SDU and then add a header outside each segment and pass it to the MAC layer, so as to ensure that the size of each MAC PDU (i.e., TB) encapsulated by the MAC layer is the same.

[0090] · Video frame

[0091] In related technologies of video encoding and video decoding, a group of related video frames can be called a group of pictures (GoP). The video frames in a GoP include key frames (I-frames), bidirectional frames (B-frames), and forward frames (P-frames). Among them, key frames can also be called intra-coded frames, bidirectional frames can also be called bidirectional interpolated frames, and forward frames can also be called forward predicted frames. Key frames record complete image information, while bidirectional frames and forward frames record incremental information relative to key frames. Refer to Figure 6 , the image information corresponding to the forward frame can be obtained based on the information recorded in the key frame and the information recorded in the forward frame, and the image information corresponding to the bidirectional frame can be obtained based on the information recorded in the key frame, the information recorded in the forward frame, and the information recorded in the bidirectional frame.

[0092] Facing the demanding requirements of future services, there are more and more services that require ultra-low latency and high bandwidth, such as cloud gaming services, cloud XR services, holographic services, etc. On the one hand, for future services, latency will seriously affect the user experience, so the requirement for ultra-low latency needs to be met. On the other hand, for future services, the resolution of videos is required to be relatively high (such as 4K resolution), and the frame rate is also required to be relatively high (such as 100 frame rate). In addition, multi-channel video transmission has become a trend, so the requirement for high bandwidth needs to be met.

[0093] At present, in order to meet the QoS requirements of services, the core network usually configures semi-static QoS information for the access network, so that the access network performs service transmission according to the semi-static QoS information. Here, the QoS information may include one or more QoS parameters. However, the semi-static QoS information has the problem of poor flexibility, which will lead to low resource utilization efficiency of services. Specifically, it is reflected in the following aspects: On the one hand, in addition to providing QoS requirement information to the core network, the AF can also provide the core network with the characteristic information of the service. The core network can better understand the service based on the QoS requirement information and the characteristic information of the service, and allocate resources for the service. However, the pattern of the service will change dynamically, such as the length of the GoP changes dynamically, the period of the key frame changes dynamically, etc.; in addition, the characteristics of the service will also change dynamically, such as the resolution of the video changes, the frame rate of the video changes, etc. If the core network configures resources according to the semi-static QoS requirements and semi-static service characteristics, it will cause obvious resource waste. On the other hand, each configuration of the semi-static QoS information involves the interaction of many network function entities, and the interaction process is long, resulting in a long interaction delay. It is not applicable to dynamically changing service scenarios. For this reason, the following technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are proposed.

[0094] It should be noted that although the above related technologies are described by taking the 5G system as an example, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are not limited to being applied to the 5G system, and can also be applied to other communication systems, such as the 6G system, or future communication systems.

[0095] Figure 7 It is a schematic flow of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 1 , such as Figure 7 shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0096] Step 701: The first network element receives the characteristic information of the service flow sent by the application function network element.

[0097] In the embodiments of the present application, the first network element may be a core network element or a network element with an open function. In an alternative manner, the first network element may be a core network control plane function network element. In an alternative manner, the first network element may be a Network Exposure Function (NEF).

[0098] In the embodiments of the present application, the service flow may also be understood as the video flow of the service. As an example, the service may be a cloud game service, a cloud XR service, a holographic service, etc.

[0099] Here, the video flow includes a series of video frames. For a video frame, its frame type may be a key frame, or a bi-directional frame, or a forward frame.

[0100] The size of the payload of one data packet (i.e., the effective content that the data packet can carry) is limited, while the size of a video frame is flexible. For example, the size of a key frame is generally larger, while the sizes of bidirectional frames and forward frames are generally smaller. For a larger video frame, the content of the video frame needs to be divided into multiple parts and transmitted through multiple data packets. For a smaller video frame, it can be transmitted through only one data packet. To facilitate understanding the relationship between video frames and data packets, the following will be described in conjunction with Figure 8-1 and Figure 8-2 for illustration.

[0101] Referring to Figure 8-1 , a video frame is transmitted through one data packet. It can also be understood that the content of one video frame is fully carried in the payload of one data packet. Referring to Figure 8-2 , a video frame is transmitted through three data packets. It can also be understood that the content of one video frame is divided into three parts and carried in the payloads of three data packets respectively. It can be seen that there is a corresponding relationship between video frames and data packets. One video frame can correspond to one data packet or multiple data packets, which depends on the size of the video frame.

[0102] Based on the above description, it can be understood that for one data packet, the data packet corresponds to one frame information, and the frame information includes information for indicating the frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bidirectional frame, or a forward frame. Still taking Figure 8-1 as an example, if the video frame is a key frame, then the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame. Taking Figure 8-2 as an example, if the video frame is a bidirectional frame, then the frame information corresponding to data packet 1, data packet 2, and data packet 3 is all bidirectional frames.

[0103] In the embodiments of the present application, the first network element receives the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element.

[0104] In some optional embodiments of the present application, the feature information of the service flow includes at least one of the following:

[0105] The first feature information, which is used to determine the identification method of the frame information;

[0106] The second feature information, which is used to determine the proportion between multiple types of frames;

[0107] The third feature information, which is used to determine the size of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames;

[0108] The fourth feature information, which is used to determine the period of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames.

[0109] The above-mentioned respective characteristic information will be described below.

[0110] 1) The first characteristic information

[0111] The first characteristic information can also be referred to as the identification information at the streaming media frame level. The first characteristic information is used to determine the identification method of frame information.

[0112] In one implementation, the first characteristic information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as follows: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header of the data packet. Here, it can be agreed that the specific field in the packet header of the data packet is used to identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0113] As an example, the packet header of the data packet has at least a first field. Among them, when the value of the first field is the first value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame; when the value of the first field is the second value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a bidirectional frame; when the value of the first field is the third value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a forward frame. Here, the first field can also be referred to as the frame information identification field.

[0114] As an example, if the packet header of the data packet has a first field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame; if the packet header of the data packet has a second field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a bidirectional frame; if the packet header of the data packet has a third field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a forward frame.

[0115] In a scenario, the data packet is not encrypted, and the specific field of the packet header can be directly parsed from the data packet, so as to analyze the specific field to obtain the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0116] In one implementation, the first characteristic information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as follows: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a neural network model.

[0117] As an example, the content of the data packet is represented by a bit stream. The entire bit stream of the data packet is input into the neural network model, and the neural network model processes the bit stream to identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0118] As an example, the content of the data packet is represented by a bit stream. The bit stream of the packet header part of the data packet is input into the neural network model, and the neural network model processes the bit stream to identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0119] It should be noted that the neural network model is pre-trained. Specifically, samples marked with frame information (i.e., the bit stream of the data packet) can be input into the neural network model to optimize the model parameters of the neural network, and finally a trained neural network model is obtained.

[0120] In the above solution, the neural network model is, for example, a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) model.

[0121] 2) Second feature information, third feature information, fourth feature information

[0122] The second feature information, third feature information, and fourth feature information can be collectively referred to as source model information.

[0123] The second feature information is used to determine the ratio between multiple types of frames. As an example, the multiple types of frames include: key frames, bi-directional frames, and forward frames. The second feature information is used to indicate that the ratio between key frames, bi-directional frames, and forward frames is: 1:3:2.

[0124] The third feature information is used to determine the size of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames. As an example, the third feature information is used to indicate that the sizes of key frames, bi-directional frames, and forward frames are N1 megabytes, N2 megabytes, and N3 megabytes respectively.

[0125] The fourth feature information is used to determine the period of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames. As an example, the fourth feature information is used to indicate that the period of key frames is 12, that is, a key frame appears every 12 frames.

[0126] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, in addition to receiving the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element, the first network element also receives the QoS requirement information of the service flow sent by the application function network element. Here, the QoS requirement information can be represented by one or more QoS parameters. The description of the QoS parameters can refer to the foregoing related technical solutions, including but not limited to: ARP, GFBR, MFBR, UL / DL MPLR, PDB, AN-PDB, PER, Priority Level, AveragingWindow, Resource Type, MDBV, UE-AMBR, Session-AMBR, etc. The first network element generates semi-static QoS information based on the QoS requirement information; the first network element sends the semi-static QoS information to the radio access network element. It should be noted that the semi-static QoS information is used as the QoS information configured for the radio access network element, and the radio access network element can refer to this QoS information for radio interface scheduling. In fact, the radio access network element will also perform dynamic radio interface scheduling according to the service characteristics. Specifically, refer to the followingFigure 10 Related solutions.

[0127] Step 702: The first network element generates a first processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present application, the first processing rule can also be referred to as a service forwarding rule (Forwarding Rule, FAR). The first processing rule is used to identify the frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

[0129] Specifically, the first processing rule includes a first rule and a second rule. Among them, the first rule refers to a rule for identifying a specific data packet at the streaming media frame level. In other words, the frame information of the data packet can be identified through the first rule; the second rule refers to a rule for marking a specific data packet at the streaming media frame level. In other words, the frame information of the data packet can be marked for the data packet through the second rule.

[0130] Step 703: The first network element sends the first processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, and the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify the frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

[0131] In the embodiment of the present application, the first network element sending the first processing rule to the core network user plane function network element can also be understood as the first network element configuring the first processing rule to the core network user plane function network element. After receiving the first processing rule, the core network user plane function network element can identify the frame information of a specific data packet based on the first processing rule and mark the data packet based on the frame information.

[0132] In some optional embodiments of the present application, in addition to generating the first processing rule, the first network element also generates a second processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow; here, the second processing rule can also be referred to as PDR; the first network element sends the second processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, and the second processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to filter out the specific data packet. Specifically, the second processing rule is used to describe some characteristic parameters, and the core network user plane function network element filters out the data packets that meet these characteristic parameters. As an example, some characteristic parameters can be an IP five-tuple, that is, a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source port number, a destination port number, and a protocol type.

[0133] Figure 9 It is a schematic flow of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 , such as Figure 9 shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0134] Step 901: The core network user plane function network element receives a data packet, and the data packet is a downlink data packet.

[0135] In some alternative embodiments, the core network user plane function network element receives a data packet sent by an application server. Here, the payload in the data packet carries all or part of the content of a video frame. The video frame refers to the video frame of a certain service. As an example, the service can be a cloud game service, a cloud XR service, a holographic service, etc.

[0136] For a data packet, the data packet corresponds to a frame information, and the frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bi - directional frame, or a forward frame. For Figure 8-1 example, if the video frame is a key frame, then the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame. For Figure 8-2 example, if the video frame is a bi - directional frame, then the frame information corresponding to data packet 1, data packet 2, and data packet 3 is a bi - directional frame.

[0137] Step 902: The core network user plane function network element identifies the frame information of the data packet based on a first processing rule, and marks the data packet based on the frame information.

[0138] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, before identifying the frame information of the data packet, the core network user plane function filters out specific data packets from the received data packets based on a second processing rule; correspondingly, identifying the frame information of the data packet includes: identifying the frame information of the specific data packet.

[0139] The second processing rule in the above - mentioned solution can also be called PDR, and the second processing rule is used to filter out specific data packets. Here, the manner in which the core network user plane function network element obtains the second processing rule can refer to the foregoing Figure 9 related solution. Specifically, when implemented, the second processing rule is used to describe some characteristic parameters, and the core network user plane function network element filters out the data packets that meet these characteristic parameters as specific data packets. As an example, some characteristic parameters can be an IP five - tuple, that is, a source IP address, a destination IP address, a source port number, a destination port number, and a protocol type.

[0140] In the embodiments of the present application, the first processing rule can also be called FAR. The first processing rule is used to identify the frame information of specific data packets and mark the data packets based on the frame information. The manner in which the core network user plane function network element obtains the first processing rule can be as follows:

[0141] Method 1: The first processing rule is generated by the first network element, and the core network user plane function network element receives the first processing rule sent by the first network element.

[0142] In an optional method, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element, which can refer to the foregoing Figure 9 related solutions.

[0143] In another optional method, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on its own implementation.

[0144] Method 2: The first processing rule is generated by the core network user plane function network element, and the core network user plane function network element generates the first processing rule according to its own implementation. For example: The core network user plane function network element can use the Packet Deep Inspection (PDI) method to generate the first processing rule.

[0145] Here, there are several ways for the core network user plane function network element to identify the frame information of the data packet based on the first processing rule.

[0146] Method 1: In an implementation, the core network user plane function parses the packet header of the data packet, and identifies the frame information corresponding to the data packet through specific fields in the packet header of the data packet.

[0147] As an example, the packet header of the data packet has at least a first field. Among them, when the value of the first field is the first value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame; when the value of the first field is the second value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a bidirectional frame; when the value of the first field is the third value, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a forward frame. Here, the first field can also be called the frame information identification field.

[0148] As an example, if the packet header of the data packet has a first field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a key frame; if the packet header of the data packet has a second field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a bidirectional frame; if the packet header of the data packet has a third field, it indicates that the frame information corresponding to the data packet is a forward frame.

[0149] Method 2: In an implementation, the core network user plane function inputs the bit information corresponding to the data packet into a neural network model, and processes the bit information through the neural network model to obtain the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0150] As an example, the content of a data packet is characterized by a bit stream. The entire bit stream of the data packet is input into a neural network model, and the neural network model processes the bit stream to identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0151] As an example, the content of a data packet is characterized by a bit stream. The bit stream of the header part of the data packet is input into a neural network model, and the neural network model processes the bit stream to identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0152] It should be noted that the neural network model is pre-trained. Specifically, samples labeled with frame information (i.e., the bit stream of the data packet) can be input into the neural network model to optimize the model parameters of the neural network, and finally a trained neural network model is obtained.

[0153] In the above solution, the neural network model is, for example, a CNN model.

[0154] In the embodiments of the present application, the core network user plane function network element can mark the data packet based on the frame information in the following manner.

[0155] Method A: The core network user plane function adds the frame information to the GPRS Tunnel Protocol - User Plane (GTP-U) header corresponding to the data packet.

[0156] Here, optionally, different data packets can correspond to different GTP-U headers. For this case, a GTP-U header needs to be added outside each data packet, and the corresponding frame information is added to the GTP-U header.

[0157] Here, optionally, multiple data packets can correspond to the same GTP-U header. For this case, the multiple data packets can be regarded as a whole, and a GTP-U header is added outside it, and the frame information corresponding to the multiple data packets is added to the GTP-U header. Here, the frame information corresponding to the multiple data packets can be the same.

[0158] Step 903: The core network user plane function network element sends the marked data packet to the radio access network network element.

[0159] It should be noted that in the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the core network user plane function network element is used to implement the user plane function of the core network. Taking 5GS as an example, the core network user plane function network element can be a UPF. For other types of communication systems, the name of the core network user plane function network element can also be different, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the name of the core network user plane function network element.

[0160] Figure 10Schematic flow of the communication method provided by an embodiment of this application Figure 3 , as Figure 10 shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0161] Step 1001: The radio access network element receives a data packet sent by the core network user plane function network element, and the data packet is marked with frame information.

[0162] For a data packet, the data packet corresponds to a piece of frame information, and the frame information includes information for indicating the frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bidirectional frame, or a forward frame.

[0163] Here, the frame information of the data packet can also be called the streaming media frame level label of the data packet.

[0164] Here, the data packet sent by the core network user plane function network element to the radio access network element is marked with frame information, and the marking method of the frame information can refer to the foregoing Figure 10 related solutions.

[0165] Step 1002: The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet.

[0166] In an embodiment of this application, the radio access network element can determine the service characteristics according to the frame information of each received data packet, and perform data packet processing for air interface perception according to the service characteristics.

[0167] Specifically, since the frame type corresponding to the data packet can be determined through the frame information, the radio access network element determines the frame type corresponding to each data packet based on the frame information of each data packet, and then determines the dynamic service characteristics.

[0168] Here, the service characteristics refer to the service characteristics at the streaming media frame level. The radio access network element can determine the transmission characteristics of key frames, bidirectional frames, and forward frames according to the frame types corresponding to the received data packets, which are called service characteristics. It can be understood that the service characteristics reflect the dynamic model of key frames, bidirectional frames, and forward frames. As an example, the dynamic model includes, for example: the ratio between different types of frames, the size of different types of frames, the period of ordinary frames, the period of I frames, etc. The radio access network element can identify the frame information of the data packet in real time, so as to determine the service characteristics (that is, the dynamic service characteristics) in real time. Further, the radio access network element can also predict the future service characteristics.

[0169] In an embodiment of this application, the processing performed by the radio access network element based on the service characteristics can be in the following aspects.

[0170] The first aspect

[0171] The radio access network element obtains underlying channel characteristics and / or air interface measurement results, and determines the air interface state based on the underlying channel characteristics and / or the air interface measurement results. The radio access network element performs frame-level processing on the data packet based on the air interface state and the service characteristics.

[0172] Here, on the one hand, the radio access network element can dynamically sense the underlying channel characteristics based on the data packet transmission status information reported by the underlying layer. On the other hand, the radio access network element can obtain real-time air interface measurement results. The radio access network element determines the air interface state according to the underlying channel characteristics and / or the air interface measurement results. Here, the air interface state can be the determined current air interface state or the predicted future air interface state. Optionally, the air interface state can be reflected by the air interface bandwidth and / or the air interface delay.

[0173] The radio access network element performs frame-level processing on the data packet based on the air interface state and the service characteristics, so as to match the air interface transmission capacity.

[0174] In some alternative embodiments, the radio access network element determines whether the air interface bandwidth can meet the service transmission requirements based on the air interface state and the service characteristics; if the air interface bandwidth does not meet the service transmission requirements, the radio access network element performs first processing at the frame level on the data packet; if the air interface bandwidth meets the service transmission requirements, the radio access network element performs second processing at the frame level on the data packet.

[0175] Here, the radio access network element performing first processing at the frame level on the data packet includes: when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a key frame, performing fragmentation processing on the data packet to obtain multiple data packets; when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a bidirectional frame or a forward frame, performing discard processing on the data packet.

[0176] Here, the radio access network element performing second processing at the frame level on the data packet includes: performing concatenation processing on multiple data packets including the data packet to obtain one data packet; where the frame information corresponding to the multiple data packets is the same.

[0177] As an example, referring to Figure 11-1 , speed adjustment processing can be performed on I key frames. Specifically, the data packet corresponding to the I frame is divided into multiple data packets, so that the bandwidth of the video frame is less than the air interface bandwidth.

[0178] As an example, referring to Figure 11-2, the I key frames can be speed-adjusted, and some B frames and P frames can be discarded, so that the bandwidth of the video frames is less than the air interface bandwidth. Here, speed-adjusting the I key frames means dividing the data packets corresponding to the I frames into multiple data packets.

[0179] In addition, the radio access network element can also perform frame-level processing on the data packets based on the air interface state and the service characteristics, including: dynamically caching and congestion controlling the data packets.

[0180] In a second aspect

[0181] The radio access network element performs at least one of the following actions based on the air interface state and the service characteristics:

[0182] Determine dynamic QoS information;

[0183] Perform mapping from QoS flow to DRB;

[0184] Select at least one underlying link;

[0185] Configure the scheduling mode;

[0186] Configure RB resources.

[0187] As an example, during a certain period, the service characteristics indicate that the sizes of B frames and P frames are small, and the radio access network element can determine QoS information such as using a 3M bandwidth; during another period, the service characteristics indicate that the sizes of B frames and P frames are large, and the radio access network element can determine QoS information such as using a 7M bandwidth. It can be seen that the QoS information is dynamically adjusted according to the service characteristics, so it is called dynamic QoS information.

[0188] As an example, the air interface resources can be DRBs. For a QoS flow, there is a set of QoS parameters. The access network element will establish a DRB according to the QoS parameters and bind the QoS flow to a specific DRB. The QoS parameters are the dynamic QoS information corresponding to the QoS flow, and the mapping from QoS flow to DRB can be performed according to the dynamic QoS information.

[0189] As an example, during a certain period, the service characteristics indicate that the transmission volume of video frames is large, and the underlying link with more idle resources can be selected to transmit the video frames, or multiple underlying links can be selected to transmit the video frames simultaneously. During another period, the service characteristics indicate that the transmission volume of video frames is small, and the underlying link with fewer idle resources can be selected to transmit the video frames.

[0190] As an example, in a certain time period, a dynamic scheduling mode can be configured according to service characteristics, thereby improving the flexibility of scheduling. In another time period, a semi-static scheduling can be configured according to service characteristics, thereby reducing signaling overhead. In yet another time period, a pre-emptive scheduling mode can be configured according to service characteristics, thereby preferentially scheduling services.

[0191] As an example, in a certain time period, the service characteristics indicate that the transmission volume of video frames is large, and more RB resources can be configured for transmitting video frames. In another time period, the service characteristics indicate that the transmission volume of video frames is small, and fewer RB resources can be configured for transmitting video frames.

[0192] Step 1003: The radio access network element sends the processed data packet to the terminal.

[0193] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application introduces intelligent processing of data packets in the protocol stack of the radio access network element (i.e., the user plane protocol stack of layer 3), thereby realizing the following functions: intelligently mining service characteristics to meet dynamic and flexible QoS requirements; performing intelligent processing of data packets through service characteristics to realize intelligent transmission of services, achieving the purpose of adapting to air interface capabilities, and improving the utilization efficiency of radio resources.

[0194] It should be noted that the "data packet" in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application may refer to an "IP data packet", but is not limited thereto, and other types of data packets are equally applicable to the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application.

[0195] It should be noted that in the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the radio access network element is used to realize the access of the terminal device. Optionally, the radio access network element may refer to a ground base station, or a satellite access point, etc.

[0196] Figure 12 is a flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application Figure 4 , such as Figure 12 shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0197] Step 1201: The application function network element sends the feature information of the service to the first network element.

[0198] Step 1202: The first network element generates a PDR and a FAR according to the feature information of the service.

[0199] Step 1203: The first network element configures the PDR and the FAR to the core network user plane function network element.

[0200] Step 1204: The core network user plane function network element receives the PDR and the FAR.

[0201] It should be noted thatFigure 12 The solution shown can refer to the foregoing Figure 7 related solution.

[0202] Figure 13 is a schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 5 , as Figure 13 shown, the communication method includes the following steps:

[0203] Step 1301: The application server sends a data packet to the core network user plane function network element.

[0204] Step 1302: The core network user plane function network element filters out specific data packets according to the PDR, and identifies the frame information of the specific data packets according to the FAR, and marks the frame information for the data packets.

[0205] Step 1303: The core network user plane function network element sends the data packets marked with frame information to the radio access network network element.

[0206] Step 1304: The radio access network network element identifies the frame information of the data packets and processes the data packets according to the frame information.

[0207] Step 1305: The radio access network network element sends the processed data packets to the terminal.

[0208] It should be noted that Figure 13 the solution shown can refer to the foregoing Figure 9 , Figure 10 related solution.

[0209] Figure 14 is a schematic structural composition of the communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 , applied to the first network element, as Figure 14 shown, the communication device includes:

[0210] A receiving unit 1401, configured to receive the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element;

[0211] A generating unit 1402, configured to generate a first processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow;

[0212] A sending unit 1403, configured to send the first processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, where the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify the frame information of specific data packets and mark the data packets based on the frame information.

[0213] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the feature information of the service flow includes at least one of the following:

[0214] The first feature information, which is used to determine the recognition method of frame information;

[0215] The second feature information, which is used to determine the proportion between multiple types of frames;

[0216] The third feature information, which is used to determine the size of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames;

[0217] The fourth feature information, which is used to determine the period of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames.

[0218] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the first feature information is used to determine the recognition method of frame information as follows: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header; or,

[0219] The first feature information is used to determine the recognition method of frame information as follows: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a neural network model.

[0220] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the multiple types of frames include: key frames, bi-directional frames, and forward frames.

[0221] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the generating unit 1402 is further configured to generate a second processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow;

[0222] The sending unit 1403 is further configured to send the second processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, and the second processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to filter out the specific data packet.

[0223] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the receiving unit 1401 is further configured to receive the QoS requirement information of the service flow sent by the application function network element;

[0224] The generating unit 1402 is further configured to generate semi-static QoS information based on the QoS requirement information;

[0225] The sending unit 1403 is further configured to send the semi-static QoS information to the radio access network network element.

[0226] Those skilled in the art should understand that the relevant descriptions of the above communication device in the embodiments of the present application can be understood with reference to the relevant descriptions of the communication method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0227] Figure 15 It is a schematic structural composition of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 2 , applied to the core network user plane function network element, as Figure 15 shown, the communication device includes:

[0228] A receiving unit 1501, configured to receive a data packet, where the data packet is a downlink data packet;

[0229] A processing unit 1502, configured to identify frame information of the data packet based on a first processing rule, and mark the data packet based on the frame information;

[0230] A sending unit 1503, configured to send the marked data packet to a radio access network network element.

[0231] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the first processing rule is generated by a first network element; or, the first processing rule is generated by a core network user plane function network element.

[0232] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, for the case where the first processing rule is generated by a first network element,

[0233] The receiving unit 1501 is further configured to receive the first processing rule sent by the first network element;

[0234] Wherein, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on feature information of a service flow sent by an application function network element; or, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on its own implementation.

[0235] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1502 is further configured to filter out specific data packets from the received data packets based on a second processing rule; and identify frame information of the specific data packets.

[0236] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1502 is configured to:

[0237] Parse a packet header of the data packet, and identify frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header of the data packet; or,

[0238] Input bit information corresponding to the data packet into a neural network model, and process the bit information through the neural network model to obtain frame information corresponding to the data packet.

[0239] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1502 is configured to add the frame information to a GTP-U packet header corresponding to the data packet.

[0240] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bi-directional frame, or a forward frame.

[0241] Those skilled in the art should understand that the relevant description of the above communication device in the embodiments of the present application can be understood with reference to the relevant description of the communication method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0242] Figure 16 is a schematic structural composition of the communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application Figure 3 and is applied to a radio access network element, such as Figure 16 as shown, the communication device includes:

[0243] A receiving unit 1601, configured to receive data packets sent by a core network user plane function network element, where the data packets are marked with frame information;

[0244] A processing unit 1602, configured to process the data packets based on the frame information of the data packets;

[0245] A sending unit 1603, configured to send the processed data packets to a terminal.

[0246] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bidirectional frame, or a forward frame.

[0247] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1602 is configured to determine a service feature based on the frame information of the data packets; and process the data packets based on the service feature.

[0248] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the device further includes:

[0249] An obtaining unit (not shown in the figure), configured to obtain underlying channel features and / or air interface measurement results;

[0250] The processing unit 1602 is further configured to determine an air interface state based on the underlying channel features and / or the air interface measurement results; and perform frame-level processing on the data packets based on the air interface state and the service feature.

[0251] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1602 is configured to determine whether the air interface bandwidth can meet the service transmission requirement based on the air interface state and the service feature; if the air interface bandwidth does not meet the service transmission requirement, perform first processing at the frame level on the data packets; if the air interface bandwidth meets the service transmission requirement, perform second processing at the frame level on the data packets.

[0252] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1602 is configured to, when the frame information of the data packet indicates that the frame type is a key frame, perform fragmentation processing on the data packet to obtain a plurality of data packets; or, when the frame information of the data packet indicates that the frame type is a bidirectional frame or a forward frame, perform discard processing on the data packet.

[0253] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1602 is configured to concatenate a plurality of data packets including the data packet to obtain one data packet; wherein, the frame information corresponding to the plurality of data packets is the same.

[0254] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, the processing unit 1602 is further configured to perform at least one of the following actions based on the radio interface status and the service characteristics:

[0255] Determine dynamic QoS information;

[0256] Perform mapping from QoS flow to DRB;

[0257] Select at least one underlying link;

[0258] Configure a scheduling mode;

[0259] Configure RB resources.

[0260] Those skilled in the art should understand that the relevant descriptions of the above communication device in the embodiments of the present application can be understood with reference to the relevant descriptions of the communication method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0261] Figure 17 It is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 1700 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be a network device (such as a core network control plane network element, a core network user plane network element, an access network network element), Figure 17 As shown, the communication device 1700 includes a processor 1710. The processor 1710 can call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0262] Optionally, as Figure 17 shown, the communication device 1700 may further include a memory 1720. Among them, the processor 1710 can call and run a computer program from the memory 1720 to implement the method in the embodiments of the present application.

[0263] Among them, the memory 1720 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1710, or may be integrated in the processor 1710.

[0264] Optionally, as Figure 17As shown, the communication device 1700 may further include a transceiver 1730. The processor 1710 may control the transceiver 1730 to communicate with other devices. Specifically, it may send information or data to other devices, or receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0265] Among them, the transceiver 1730 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 1730 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0266] Optionally, the communication device 1700 may specifically be the network device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 1700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not described herein again.

[0267] Optionally, the communication device 1700 may specifically be the mobile terminal / terminal device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 1700 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal / terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not described herein again.

[0268] Figure 18 It is a schematic structural diagram of the chip of the embodiments of the present application. Figure 18 The chip 1800 shown includes a processor 1810. The processor 1810 may call and run a computer program from a memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0269] Optionally, as Figure 18 shown, the chip 1800 may further include a memory 1820. Among them, the processor 1810 may call and run a computer program from the memory 1820 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0270] Among them, the memory 1820 may be a separate device independent of the processor 1810, or may be integrated in the processor 1810.

[0271] Optionally, the chip 1800 may further include an input interface 1830. Among them, the processor 1810 may control the input interface 1830 to communicate with other devices or chips. Specifically, it may obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0272] Optionally, the chip 1800 may further include an output interface 1840. Among them, the processor 1810 may control the output interface 1840 to communicate with other devices or chips. Specifically, it may output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0273] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not described herein again.

[0274] Optionally, the chip can be applied to the mobile terminal / terminal device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal / terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, details are not described herein again.

[0275] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as a system-on-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-chip.

[0276] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, the steps of the above method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor or instructions in software form. The above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as a random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, register, etc. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method.

[0277] It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include but not be limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0278] It should be understood that the above memory is by way of example but not limitation. For example, the memory in the embodiments of the present application can also be a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), a synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and a direct rambus random access memory (DR RAM), etc. That is to say, the memory in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include but not be limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0279] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program.

[0280] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0281] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the mobile terminal / terminal device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal / terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0282] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product including computer program instructions.

[0283] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0284] Optionally, the computer program product can be applied to the mobile terminal / terminal device in the embodiments of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal / terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0285] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program.

[0286] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the network device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0287] Optionally, the computer program can be applied to the mobile terminal / terminal device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program runs on the computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the mobile terminal / terminal device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated here.

[0288] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled professionals can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0289] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0290] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be in an electrical, mechanical, or other form.

[0291] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or can be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0292] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0293] When the above-mentioned function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0294] As described above, the above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by this application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, the method includes: A first network element receives characteristic information of a service flow sent by an application function network element; The first network element generates a first processing rule based on the characteristic information of the service flow; The first network element sends the first processing rule to a core network user plane function network element, and the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information; wherein, the frame information is added to a GPRS tunneling protocol - user plane GTP-U packet header corresponding to the data packet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, the characteristic information of the service flow includes at least one of the following: First characteristic information, which is used to determine an identification method of frame information; Second characteristic information, which is used to determine a proportion between multiple types of frames; Third characteristic information, which is used to determine sizes of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames; Fourth characteristic information, which is used to determine periods of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the first characteristic information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header of the data packet; or, the first characteristic information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a neural network model.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, the multiple types of frames include: key frames, bidirectional frames, and forward frames.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the method further includes: The first network element generates a second processing rule based on the characteristic information of the service flow; The first network element sends the second processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, and the second processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to filter out the specific data packet.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the method further includes: The first network element receives QoS requirement information of the service flow sent by the application function network element; The first network element generates semi-static QoS information based on the QoS requirement information; The first network element sends the semi-static QoS information to a radio access network element.

7. A communication method, characterized in that, the method includes: A core network user plane function network element receives a data packet, and the data packet is a downlink data packet; The core network user plane function network element identifies frame information of the data packet based on a first processing rule, and marks the data packet based on the frame information; The core network user plane function network element sends the marked data packet to a radio access network element; the marking the data packet based on the frame information includes: Adding the frame information to a GPRS tunneling protocol - user plane GTP-U packet header corresponding to the data packet.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first processing rule is generated by a first network element; or, The first processing rule is generated by the core network user plane function network element.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, For the case where the first processing rule is generated by a first network element, the method further includes: The core network user plane function network element receives the first processing rule sent by the first network element; wherein, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element; or, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on its own implementation.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Before identifying the frame information of the data packet, the method further includes: the core network user plane filters out specific data packets from the received data packets based on a second processing rule; Identifying the frame information of the data packet includes: identifying the frame information of the specific data packet.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Identifying the frame information of the data packet includes: Parsing the packet header of the data packet, and identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through specific fields in the packet header of the data packet; or, Inputting the bit information corresponding to the data packet into a neural network model, and processing the bit information through the neural network model to obtain the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein, The frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bidirectional frame, or a forward frame.

13. A communication method, wherein, The method includes: A radio access network element receives a data packet sent by a core network user plane function network element, and the data packet is marked with frame information; wherein, the frame information is added to the GPRS tunneling protocol - user plane GTP-U packet header corresponding to the data packet; The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet; The radio access network element sends the processed data packet to a terminal.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bidirectional frame, or a forward frame.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet, including: The radio access network element determines a service feature based on the frame information of the data packet; The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the service feature.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The radio access network element processes the data packet based on the service feature, including: The radio access network element obtains underlying channel features and / or air interface measurement results, and determines the air interface state based on the underlying channel features and / or the air interface measurement results. The radio access network element processes the data packet at the frame level based on the air interface state and the service characteristics.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, the radio access network element processes the data packet at the frame level based on the air interface state and the service characteristics, including: the radio access network element determines whether the air interface bandwidth can meet the service transmission requirements based on the air interface state and the service characteristics; if the air interface bandwidth does not meet the service transmission requirements, the radio access network element performs a first processing at the frame level on the data packet; if the air interface bandwidth meets the service transmission requirements, the radio access network element performs a second processing at the frame level on the data packet.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, the radio access network element performs a first processing at the frame level on the data packet, including one of the following: when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a key frame, performing fragmentation processing on the data packet to obtain multiple data packets; when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a bi-directional frame or a forward frame, performing discard processing on the data packet.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein, the radio access network element performs a second processing at the frame level on the data packet, including: performing concatenation processing on multiple data packets including the data packet to obtain one data packet; wherein, the frame information corresponding to the multiple data packets is the same.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein, the method further includes: the radio access network element performs at least one of the following actions based on the air interface state and the service characteristics: determining dynamic QoS information; performing mapping from a QoS flow to a data radio bearer (DRB); selecting at least one underlying link; configuring a scheduling mode; configuring radio resource block (RB) resources.

21. A communication device, wherein, applied to a first network element, the device includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive the feature information of the service flow sent by an application function network element; a generating unit, configured to generate a first processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow; a sending unit, configured to send the first processing rule to a core network user plane function network element, where the first processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to identify the frame information of a specific data packet and mark the data packet based on the frame information; wherein, the frame information is added to the GPRS tunneling protocol - user plane (GTP-U) header corresponding to the data packet.

22. The device according to claim 21, wherein, the feature information of the service flow includes at least one of the following: first feature information, which is used to determine the identification method of frame information; second feature information, which is used to determine the proportion between multiple types of frames; third feature information, which is used to determine the size of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames; fourth feature information, which is used to determine the period of at least some types of frames among multiple types of frames.

23. The device according to claim 22, wherein, the first feature information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header of the data packet; or, the first feature information is used to determine the identification method of frame information as: identifying the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a neural network model.

24. The device according to claim 22, wherein, the multiple types of frames include: key frames, bidirectional frames, and forward frames.

25. The device according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein, the generating unit is further configured to generate a second processing rule based on the feature information of the service flow; the sending unit is further configured to send the second processing rule to the core network user plane function network element, and the second processing rule is used for the core network user plane function network element to filter out the specific data packet.

26. The device according to any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein, the receiving unit is further configured to receive the QoS requirement information of the service flow sent by the application function network element; the generating unit is further configured to generate semi-static QoS information based on the QoS requirement information; the sending unit is further configured to send the semi-static QoS information to the radio access network network element.

27. A communication device, wherein, applied to a core network user plane function network element, the device includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive a data packet, and the data packet is a downlink data packet; a processing unit, configured to identify the frame information of the data packet based on a first processing rule, and mark the data packet based on the frame information; a sending unit, configured to send the marked data packet to the radio access network network element; the processing unit is configured to add the frame information to the GTP-U packet header corresponding to the data packet.

28. The device according to claim 27, wherein, the first processing rule is generated by a first network element; or, the first processing rule is generated by the core network user plane function network element.

29. The device according to claim 28, wherein, for the case where the first processing rule is generated by a first network element, the receiving unit is further configured to receive the first processing rule sent by the first network element; wherein, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on the feature information of the service flow sent by the application function network element; or, the first processing rule is generated by the first network element based on its own implementation.

30. The device according to claim 27, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to filter out specific data packets from the received data packets based on a second processing rule; identify the frame information of the specific data packets.

31. The device according to claim 27, wherein, the processing unit is configured to: parse the packet header of the data packet, and identify the frame information corresponding to the data packet through a specific field in the packet header of the data packet; or, Input the bit information corresponding to the data packet into a neural network model, and process the bit information through the neural network model to obtain the frame information corresponding to the data packet.

32. The apparatus according to any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein, the frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bi-directional frame, or a forward frame.

33. A communication apparatus, wherein, applied to a radio access network element, the apparatus includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive a data packet sent by a core network user plane function network element, and the data packet is marked with frame information; wherein, the frame information is added to a GPRS tunneling protocol - user plane (GTP-U) header corresponding to the data packet; a processing unit, configured to process the data packet based on the frame information of the data packet; a sending unit, configured to send the processed data packet to a terminal.

34. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein, the frame information includes information for indicating a frame type, and the frame type is a key frame, or a bi-directional frame, or a forward frame.

35. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein, the processing unit is configured to determine a service characteristic based on the frame information of the data packet; and process the data packet based on the service characteristic.

36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein, the apparatus further includes: an obtaining unit, configured to obtain a physical layer channel characteristic and / or a radio interface measurement result; the processing unit is further configured to determine a radio interface state based on the physical layer channel characteristic and / or the radio interface measurement result; and perform frame-level processing on the data packet based on the radio interface state and the service characteristic.

37. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein, the processing unit is configured to determine whether the radio interface bandwidth can meet the service transmission requirement based on the radio interface state and the service characteristic; if the radio interface bandwidth does not meet the service transmission requirement, perform first frame-level processing on the data packet; if the radio interface bandwidth meets the service transmission requirement, perform second frame-level processing on the data packet.

38. The apparatus according to claim 37, wherein, the processing unit is configured to perform fragmentation processing on the data packet to obtain a plurality of data packets when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a key frame; or perform discard processing on the data packet when the frame information of the data packet is used to indicate that the frame type is a bi-directional frame or a forward frame.

39. The apparatus according to claim 37, wherein, the processing unit is configured to perform concatenation processing on a plurality of data packets including the data packet to obtain one data packet; wherein, the frame information corresponding to the plurality of data packets is the same.

40. The apparatus according to claim 36, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to perform at least one of the following actions based on the radio interface state and the service characteristic: determine dynamic QoS information; perform mapping from a QoS flow to a DRB; select at least one physical layer link; configure a scheduling mode; configure RB resources.

41. A network device, characterized in that, comprising: a processor and a memory, the memory being used for storing a computer program, and the processor being used for calling and running the computer program stored in the memory to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, or the method according to any one of claims 13 to 20.

42. A chip, characterized in that, comprising: a processor, configured to call and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, or the method according to any one of claims 13 to 20.

43. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, for storing a computer program, the computer program causing a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, or the method according to any one of claims 13 to 20.

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