Solar cell cooling device, cooling method, sewage treatment method, seawater desalination method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of solar cell cooling device, solar cell cooling method, while it is related to sewage treatment method and seawater desalination method, solar cooling device includes the glass encapsulated in the side of solar cell, the glass is hydrophilic glass;With the glass contact hydrophilic fabric, the hydrophilic fabric is connected water source;The glass is encapsulated in the bottom side of the solar cell by pressurization, the bottom side of the solar cell is the side of the light-absorbing surface of solar cell, at least one side of the hydrophilic glass is hydrophilic, and the hydrophilic side is connected with the hydrophilic fabric.Solar cooling method is implemented based on the device, remove the heat generated during the operation of solar cell, reduce the operating temperature, improve the stability of battery, while realizing sewage treatment method and seawater desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery cooling, specifically the cooling of perovskite solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention due to their high efficiency, low cost, and ease of fabrication. Cell efficiencies have also exceeded 25.7%. However, due to the inherent environmental sensitivity of perovskite materials, further improvements in the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells are needed. One of the main factors affecting their stability is moisture and oxygen. In recent years, various encapsulation methods and materials have been developed to suppress the ingress of moisture and oxygen.

[0003] However, the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells cannot be solved by encapsulation. This is because only 20-25% of the absorbed solar energy is converted into electrical energy, while the rest is converted into heat, significantly increasing the operating temperature. Such a high heat load not only causes thermal lattice expansion and structural delamination within the perovskite solar cell, but also inevitably accelerates ion migration in the perovskite, which is detrimental to the efficiency and lifespan of perovskite solar cells.

[0004] Currently, methods to improve the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells include: 1. Reducing the proportion of MA+ and increasing FA+ and Cs+ in the perovskite film. 2. Using additives. 3. Designing novel 2D halide perovskites. 4. Replacing the organic hole transport layer with inorganic metal oxides. These methods are often complex and not universally applicable. Although they improve the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells, these strategies do not fundamentally eliminate the heat generated during operation, thus leading to potential risks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To eliminate the heat generated by solar cells during operation, this invention provides a solar cell cooling device and cooling method. Based on the cooling device, a wastewater treatment method and a seawater desalination method are also provided. The solar cell cooling device achieves a cooling effect by setting a water vapor generator on the bottom side of the solar cell and carrying away the heat of the cell through water evaporation. Compared with traditional jet cooling, the bottom side design of the solar cell does not weaken the light shining on the cell, that is, it does not affect the light absorption efficiency of the cell.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention provides a solar cell cooling device, including...

[0007] The glass encapsulated on one side of the solar cell is hydrophilic glass;

[0008] A hydrophilic fabric in contact with the glass, the hydrophilic fabric being connected to a water source;

[0009] The glass is pressurized and sealed on the bottom side of the solar cell, which is the side of the solar cell that faces away from the light-absorbing surface of the solar cell.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the glass is encapsulated on the solar cell under a pressure of 10,000 to 100,000 Pa.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, a titanium oxide film is disposed on the glass, and the titanium oxide film is coated on the glass by spin coating, impregnation, or a combination of spin coating and impregnation.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the hydrophilic fabric is a non-woven fabric or a cotton fabric.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, an encapsulation gas of argon, nitrogen, or a mixture of argon and nitrogen is disposed between the solar cell and the glass.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the gas layer between the solar cell and the glass is less than 40 μm.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the gas layer between the solar cell and the glass is less than 20 μm.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the solar cell and the glass are connected by a thermally conductive encapsulant.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the solar cell is a Pb-Sn single-cell, Pb single-cell, or tandem perovskite cell.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the solar cell is a Pb-Sn single-cell perovskite cell.

[0020] Secondly, a method for cooling a solar cell is provided, including the following steps:

[0021] a. Apply a hydrophilic treatment to the glass;

[0022] b. Apply pressure to encapsulate the glass on one side of the solar cell;

[0023] c. A hydrophilic fabric is placed on the side of the glass that is opposite to the solar cell;

[0024] d. Hydrophilic fabrics are made with water sources;

[0025] The glass is encapsulated on the solar cell in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the glass is encapsulated on the solar cell under a pressure of 10,000 to 100,000 Pa.

[0027] As a preferred option, the hydrophilic fabric is immersed in water.

[0028] As a preferred option, the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the water source through a pipe, and the water source is pumped into or flows naturally into the hydrophilic fabric under the action of external force.

[0029] Thirdly, a wastewater treatment method is provided, in which the above-mentioned solar cell cooling device is used to evaporate the wastewater, and the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the wastewater in one or more of the following ways: the hydrophilic fabric is immersed in the wastewater.

[0030] The wastewater is pumped into the hydrophilic fabric;

[0031] The wastewater flows naturally to the hydrophilic fabric under the influence of gravity.

[0032] Fourthly, a seawater desalination method is provided, which uses the aforementioned solar cell cooling device to evaporate and desalinate the seawater; the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the seawater in one or more of the following combinations.

[0033] The hydrophilic fabric is immersed in the seawater;

[0034] The seawater is pumped into the hydrophilic fabric;

[0035] The seawater flows naturally to the hydrophilic fabric under the influence of gravity.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. Significantly reduce thermal resistance during heat transfer and remove heat generated during battery operation;

[0038] 2. Reduce the battery's operating temperature from 60 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius;

[0039] 3. Battery efficiency improved by more than 2%;

[0040] 4. Battery life is increased by more than 200 times;

[0041] 5. When used with a steam collection device, purified water can be obtained through distillation, thereby achieving wastewater treatment and seawater desalination.

[0042] The aforementioned beneficial effects can be attributed to the solutions or combinations thereof described in this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1(a) Thickness test diagram of argon gas layer in unpressurized encapsulated glass;

[0044] Figure 1(b) shows the thickness test results of the argon layer in the pressurized encapsulated glass.

[0045] Figure 2(a)(b) Schematic diagrams of the solar cooling device;

[0046] Figure 3 Temperature diagrams of perovskite solar cells in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1;

[0047] Figure 4 Temperature diagrams of perovskite solar cells in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2;

[0048] Figure 5 Temperature diagrams of perovskite solar cells with and without cooling devices under different illumination conditions;

[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the change in conversion efficiency of a Pb-Sn single-junction solar cell over time;

[0050] Figure 7 Microscopic morphology images of perovskite solar cells with and without cooling devices;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the change in conversion efficiency of a single Pb solar cell over time.

[0052] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating the change in conversion efficiency of an all-perovskite tandem solar cell over time.

[0053] The text descriptions included in the image are as follows:

[0054] control - battery without cooling device; with IECS - battery with cooling device;

[0055] All efficiency coordinate values ​​are in percentage (%).

[0056] In the diagram: 1. Perovskite solar cell; 2. Argon layer; 3. Encapsulating adhesive; 4. Glass; 5. Hydrophilic fabric; 6. Water vapor. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. For the purpose of brevity, the present invention does not list all embodiments one by one. Simple substitutions and all possible combinations of the listed embodiments are embodiments recorded in the present invention. It is worth noting that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0058] Solar cells are a type of new energy battery that absorbs sunlight and converts it into electrical energy. During the photothermal conversion process, part of the energy is absorbed by the battery and converted into electrical energy, while the other part is absorbed and generates heat. The accumulation of heat can harm the stability of the battery. Based on this, the present invention provides a solar cell cooling device, which is applicable to silicon-based batteries and thin-film batteries. The silicon-based batteries include monocrystalline silicon batteries, polycrystalline silicon batteries, and amorphous silicon batteries, while the thin-film batteries include cadmium telluride solar cells, copper indium selenide solar cells, and perovskite solar cells. Due to the poor thermal stability and high temperature requirements of perovskite solar cells, this invention takes perovskite solar cells as an example. It can be understood that if the device meets the thermal stability requirements of perovskite solar cells, it can naturally be applied to other types of solar cells.

[0059] The solar cell cooling device includes hydrophilic glass and a hydrophilic fabric. The hydrophilic fabric is loaded onto the hydrophilic glass and connected to a water source. This invention specifies how to obtain the hydrophilic glass, how to load the hydrophilic glass onto the battery to achieve a cooling effect, and the characteristics of the hydrophilic fabric to achieve the cooling effect. It also describes how to obtain the solar cell cooling device, how to use the device for wastewater treatment and seawater desalination, and illustrates the cooling effect and battery performance with experimental data.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A method for cooling perovskite solar cells includes the following steps:

[0062] a. Apply hydrophilic treatment to the glass - surface modification

[0063] Hydrophilic treatment of glass imparts hydrophilic groups to one side of the glass. Specifically, this can be achieved through titanium dioxide spin coating, impregnation, or other processes that can create a titanium dioxide film on the glass. Before treatment, the wetting angle of the glass is 61.7°, and after treatment, it is 9.8°, representing a several-fold increase in hydrophilicity. The optimization of the glass's hydrophilic properties increases its contact area with water, providing conditions for evaporative cooling.

[0064] b is encapsulated by pressure on the bottom side of the battery using glass.

[0065] The glass is pressurized and sealed onto the battery at a pressure of 10 kPa, and in some embodiments the pressure can be increased to 100 kPa if conditions permit.

[0066] The bottom layer of the battery is relative to the top layer. The top layer is the side of the solar cell that absorbs sunlight, i.e., the working surface of the solar cell. Since the top layer is in direct contact with sunlight, it heats up quickly. Setting up an evaporative cooling device on the bottom side can achieve cooling without affecting the light absorption efficiency of the solar cell. On the other hand, it can also allow only the side of the battery with the encapsulation glass to be placed in water, preventing various adverse possibilities caused by full immersion.

[0067] Since contact with water and oxygen reduces the stability of perovskite solar cells, this embodiment employs encapsulation within an argon or nitrogen atmosphere, specifically within a glove box filled with argon or nitrogen. Figure 1 shows the change in the thickness of the argon layer before and after pressurized encapsulation, decreasing from 77.9 μm to 4.8 μm. This reduction in the argon layer significantly decreases the thermal resistance during evaporative cooling, facilitating the transfer of heat from the top layer of the solar cell to the bottom, where heat is then carried away by water evaporation.

[0068] c. A hydrophilic fabric is attached to the hydrophilic side of the glass.

[0069] In this embodiment, the glass and the hydrophilic fabric are bonded together by contact. Alternative bonding methods include bonding and adsorption bonding, specifically adhesion or magnetic adsorption. The hydrophilic fabric is non-woven fabric, but it can be replaced by cotton or other flexible fabrics with strong water absorption. The strong hydrophilic properties of the flexible fabric make it bond tightly with the hydrophilic glass, which is beneficial for heat transfer.

[0070] Choosing non-woven fabric as the evaporator for the cooling device has three advantages. First, it is highly flexible, portable, and suitable for various environments. Second, its excellent hydrophilicity ensures a sufficient water supply for interfacial evaporation. Third, it is a simple-to-process and extremely low-cost material.

[0071] d Hydrophilic fabric connects to water source

[0072] Water, as a medium for evaporative cooling, has the characteristics of high enthalpy of vaporization and easy availability. Its enthalpy of vaporization is 2450 kJ kg-1, which provides high cooling power for steam cooling devices. Compared with spray cooling or water vapor cooling, this invention has no requirements for water quality, and seawater, river water, tap water and even sewage can be used.

[0073] This invention treats the encapsulation glass by surface molecular modification and uses a pressure encapsulation method to directly connect the glass to the back of the perovskite solar cell. Water is continuously pumped through capillary action, and the waste heat generated by the PSC panel is used as an energy source to evaporate the water, achieving the purpose of cooling. The two work together to reduce the thermal resistance during the cooling process, allowing heat to flow effectively from the top of the perovskite to the bottom, thereby reducing the temperature of the PSC through liquid-gas phase change.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The solar cell cooling device obtained through Example 1, as shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), includes glass 4, encapsulating adhesive 3, argon layer 2, and hydrophilic fabric 5. Glass 4 is hydrophilic glass after hydrophilic treatment. Titanium oxide is spin-coated onto glass 4 to form a titanium oxide film, or the glass is immersed in a titanium oxide solution to form a titanium oxide film. Due to the strong hydrophilicity of titanium oxide, the wetting angle of the treated glass is reduced from 61.7° to 9.8°, which greatly improves the hydrophilicity.

[0076] The encapsulation glass is connected to the bottom of the battery via encapsulating adhesive 3. Encapsulating adhesive 3 is made of epoxy resin or butyl rubber. The epoxy resin or butyl rubber is in a liquid state before encapsulation, and a liquid-to-solid transformation occurs during the encapsulation process. This encapsulating adhesive not only has good thermal conductivity, but the liquid-to-solid transformation also reduces resistance during the encapsulation process, which helps to reduce the gap between the glass and the solar cell. The encapsulating adhesive serves two purposes: connecting the glass and the battery, and isolating the battery from external air and water.

[0077] Argon gas is placed between the encapsulation glass and the bottom of the cell. The argon gas isolates the perovskite solar cell from the air, enhancing the stability of the PSC. The thickness of the argon gas layer is less than 20 μm, preferably less than 5 μm.

[0078] The hydrophilic fabric contacts the glass, but it's crucial that the contact is between the hydrophilic side of the glass and the hydrophilic fabric. Since glass is a rigid material and the hydrophilic fabric is flexible, a tight bond is achieved. Furthermore, the hydrophilic properties of the glass and the absorbent properties of the fabric enhance this bond under the influence of water, further strengthening the evaporative cooling effect. The hydrophilic fabric can be non-woven or cotton. Water on the fabric is converted into water vapor and diffused away after being heated by the battery.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] The solar cell cooling method in Example 1 or the solar cell cooling device in Example 2, or a combination of both, is applied to the field of wastewater treatment. The water source is the wastewater to be treated. The hydrophilic fabric is placed in the wastewater to be treated. The wastewater is evaporated by the heat generated by the PSC. The condensate after evaporation is recovered to achieve the purpose of wastewater treatment. During the wastewater treatment process, the hydrophilic fabric is replaced regularly to ensure water absorption characteristics and guarantee water absorption effect.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The solar cell cooling method in Example 1 or the solar cell cooling device in Example 2, or a combination of both, is applied to seawater desalination. The water source is seawater to be desalinated. The hydrophilic fabric is placed in the seawater to be desalinated. The seawater is evaporated by the heat generated by the PSC. The condensate after evaporation is recovered to obtain desalinated seawater. During the seawater desalination process, the hydrophilic fabric is replaced regularly to ensure its water absorption characteristics and guarantee its water absorption effect.

[0083] Comparative Example 1

[0084] The difference from Example 1 is that the glass in step b was not sealed to the bottom of the PSC under pressure. Instead, encapsulating adhesive was used to seal the glass to the bottom of the PSC under an argon atmosphere. The remaining steps are the same and will not be described again here. The thickness of the argon layer after encapsulation is shown in Figure 1(a), which is 77.9 μm.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] The difference from Example 1 is that (1) step a is missing, that is, the glass in this comparative example is not hydrophilic treated and ordinary silica glass is used to encapsulate the bottom side of the PSC, and (2) it is not encapsulated on the bottom side of the PSC by pressure. Specifically, the glass is encapsulated on the bottom side of the PSC by encapsulating glue under an argon atmosphere. The other steps are the same and will not be described in detail here.

[0087] Example 5

[0088] The cooling performance of the cooling methods in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was simulated and tested using COMSOL to simulate the PSC at 1.0 kW m³ / s. -2 After operating under irradiation for 30 minutes and reaching a steady state, the battery temperature was monitored, and the test results are as follows. Figure 3 As shown, under the same working conditions and time, the PSC temperature using pressurized encapsulated glass was 40.6°C, while the PSC temperature using unpressurized encapsulated glass was 45.5°C. Pressurized encapsulation reduced the PSC temperature by 4.9°C. The inventors observed the microstructure of both types of glass and found that at 40°C, iodine ions in the perovskite did not diffuse, meaning there was no significant migration due to temperature increase, and the lattice was ordered. Above 45°C, iodine ions migrated significantly, the lattice became noticeably disordered, and the surface became slightly rough. This indicates that pressurized encapsulation plays a crucial role in the stability of the PSC.

[0089] Example 6

[0090] The cooling performance of the cooling methods in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was simulated and tested using COMSOL to simulate the PSC at 1.0 kW m³ / s. -2 After operating under irradiation for 30 minutes and reaching a steady state, the temperature was monitored, and the test results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the temperature of the top layer of the PSC without hydrophilic treatment and pressurization is above 45°C, while the temperature of the bottom layer is below 40°C, indicating poor heat transfer and failure to remove the heat generated by the PSC in time. In the device with pressurization and hydrophilic treatment, the temperature of both the top and bottom layers of the PSC is stable at 39°C, achieving good heat conduction, ensuring the stability of the PSC, and preventing the reduction in working efficiency caused by lattice expansion and ion migration.

[0091] Example 7

[0092] The PSC performance was tested without using the solar cell cooling method in Example 1 or the solar cell cooling device in Example 2, and compared with the PSC performance using the solar cell cooling method in Example 1 or the solar cell cooling device in Example 2.

[0093] A comparative test was conducted using a Pb-Sn single-cell solar cell as an example. The results showed that Pb-Sn single-cell solar cells without and with cooling devices operated at 1.0 kW·m2. -2 and 1.36kW·m -2 After operating under solar radiation for 30 minutes, the battery temperature reaches a steady state, and its temperature is comparable to... Figure 5 As shown, at 1.0 kW·m -2 Under solar radiation (corresponding to 1.0 sun in the figure), the temperature of the battery without a cooling device (corresponding to control in the figure) is 61.2°C, while the temperature of the battery with a cooling device (corresponding to with IECS in the figure) is 40.0°C, a temperature reduction of 21.2°C, demonstrating a significant cooling effect; at 1.36 kW·m -2 Under sunlight (corresponding to 1.36 sun in the figure), the battery temperature without a cooling device is 66.7°C, while the battery temperature with a cooling device is 47.8°C, a temperature reduction of 19.9°C, demonstrating a significant cooling effect. The above data illustrates that the cooling device plays an important role under strong sunlight.

[0094] Analysis of the light conversion efficiency of Pb-Sn single-junction solar cells, such as Figure 6 The experimental environment temperature was 25℃ and the light intensity was 1.0 kW m². -2 Based on the initial efficiency, the conversion efficiency of solar cells that were not cooled by the cooling device showed a significant decrease in the initial stage, dropping to 80% of the initial efficiency within 30 minutes. The conversion efficiency of solar cells cooled by the cooling device remained near the initial efficiency. After more than 250 hours of MPP tracking at maximum power point, no significant decrease was observed.

[0095] The PSC without cooling and the PSC with cooling at 1.0 kW·m -2 After running for 48 hours, SEM and EDS were used for observation and analysis, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the PSC without a cooling device showed obvious ion diffusion, while the PSC with a cooling device did not show ion diffusion.

[0096] Example 8

[0097] Taking a Pb-modified single-junction perovskite solar cell as an example, a simulation experiment was conducted on perovskite solar cells with and without cooling devices to test their lifespan. The simulation environment was 1.0 kW·m. -2 Under sunlight and at an ambient temperature of 25°C, the battery conversion efficiency was tested using MPP tracking. The test results are as follows: Figure 8 The perovskite solar cell equipped with a cooling device maintained 91% of its initial performance after 1895 hours of continuous operation, while the perovskite solar cell without a cooling device had an efficiency of less than 80% after 900 hours. This indicates that the cooling device greatly improves the stability and conversion efficiency of Pb single-junction perovskite solar cells.

[0098] Example 9

[0099] Taking an all-perovskite tandem solar cell as an example, performance tests were conducted on perovskite solar cells with and without cooling devices; the PSC was at 1.0 kW·m -2 A simulated test was conducted under sunlight at an ambient temperature of 25°C. After 15 minutes of battery operation, the test results are shown in Table 1. The table shows that the battery equipped with a cooling device exhibits advantages in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and battery efficiency. Battery conversion efficiency was obtained through MPP tracking, and the test results are as follows... Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the perovskite solar cell with cooling device still maintained 81% of its initial performance after 1000 hours of tracking operation, while the perovskite solar cell without cooling device decayed to 80% of its initial performance in 226 hours. This indicates that the cooling device greatly improves the stability and conversion efficiency of the all-perovskite tandem solar cell.

[0100] Table 1 Performance of perovskite tandem solar cells with and without cooling devices.

[0101]

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any simple modifications, substitutions or reasonable speculations made by those skilled in the art based on the specific embodiments of the present invention are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar cell cooling device, characterized in that: include The glass encapsulated on one side of the solar cell is hydrophilic glass; A hydrophilic fabric in contact with the glass, the hydrophilic fabric being connected to a water source; The glass is pressurized and encapsulated on the bottom layer of the solar cell. At least one side of the hydrophilic glass is hydrophilic, and the hydrophilic side is connected to the hydrophilic fabric. Argon, nitrogen, or a mixture of argon and nitrogen is placed between the solar cell and the glass for encapsulation.

2. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass is encapsulated on the solar cell under a pressure of 10,000 to 100,000 Pa.

3. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell is a perovskite solar cell.

4. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The perovskite solar cell is one of Pb-Sn single-cell, Pb single-cell, or tandem perovskite solar cells.

5. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A titanium oxide film is disposed on the glass, and the titanium oxide film is coated on the glass by spin coating, impregnation, or a combination of spin coating and impregnation.

6. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic fabric is a non-woven fabric or cotton fabric.

7. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the gas layer between the solar cell and the glass is less than 40 μm.

8. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar cell and the glass are connected by a thermally conductive encapsulating adhesive.

9. The solar cell cooling device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thermally conductive encapsulating adhesive is epoxy resin or butyl rubber.

10. A method for cooling a solar cell, characterized in that: Includes the following steps a. Obtain hydrophilic glass, wherein at least one side of the hydrophilic glass is hydrophilic; b. Pressurize and encapsulate the hydrophilic glass on one side of the solar cell; c. A hydrophilic fabric is placed on the side of the hydrophilic glass that is away from the solar cell, and the hydrophilic side of the hydrophilic glass is connected to the hydrophilic fabric. d. Hydrophilic fabric connects to water sources; The glass is encapsulated on the solar cell in an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.

11. The solar cell cooling method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The glass is encapsulated on the solar cell under a pressure of 10,000 to 100,000 Pa.

12. The solar cell cooling method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The hydrophilic fabric is soaked in water.

13. The solar cell cooling method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The hydrophilic fabric is connected to the water source through a pipe, and the water source is pumped into the hydrophilic fabric or flows into the fabric naturally under the action of external force.

14. A wastewater treatment method, characterized in that: The solar cell cooling device of claim 1 is used to evaporate wastewater, wherein the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the wastewater in one or more of the following combinations. The hydrophilic fabric is immersed in the wastewater; The wastewater is pumped into the hydrophilic fabric; The wastewater flows naturally to the hydrophilic fabric under the influence of gravity.

15. The wastewater treatment method according to claim 14, characterized in that: A condenser is used to collect the water vapor after evaporation.

16. A method for seawater desalination, characterized in that: The seawater is desalinated by evaporation using the solar cell cooling device described in claim 1; the hydrophilic fabric is connected to the seawater in one or more of the following ways. The hydrophilic fabric is immersed in the seawater; The seawater is pumped into the hydrophilic fabric; The seawater flows naturally to the hydrophilic fabric under the influence of gravity.

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