An improved emulsion explosive and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an improved emulsion explosive and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of emulsion explosives, comprising the preparation of a water phase, the preparation of an oil phase, emulsification, cooling, sensitization and charging, wherein the oil phase materials are: an emulsifier, a polymer material, a composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; firstly, the oil phase and the water phase are added into a water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, and then the mixture is emulsified in an emulsifier, stirred at a speed of 900-950 r / min for 15S, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100 DEG C; an emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt, and water is passed under the steel belt for cooling, and the cooling temperature is 50-54 DEG C; sensitizers are sequentially added into the cooled emulsified matrix, stirred at a speed of 1200-1500 r / min, and sensitized continuously. The invention prepares emulsion explosives with excellent explosion performance and good stability by adjusting the components and contents of water phase and oil phase and improving the process, and achieves good application in engineering blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and in particular to an improved emulsion explosive and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Emulsion explosives are formed by using emulsifiers to disperse droplets of oxidant salt aqueous solution evenly in an oil phase continuous medium containing porous materials such as dispersed bubbles or hollow glass microspheres, forming an oil-in-water type emulsion explosive. Emulsion explosives have excellent detonation performance and good water resistance, simple production process and easy operation, no toxic substances in the components, adjustable density, a large range of variation in intensity and power, and can adjust the composition and density of the explosives according to requirements. They can adapt to different use purposes, have a wide range of raw materials, low production costs, and do not contain sensitive substances. Therefore, since their introduction, emulsion explosives have been widely used in various engineering blasting fields as a new type of water-resistant industrial explosive. As a relatively special emulsified system, the emulsion has an effect on the performance of the emulsion explosive, such as explosive performance and stability. Therefore, improving the production process and formula of the emulsion is the key to studying emulsion explosives. Emulsion usually refers to a dispersion system formed by dispersing two or more immiscible liquids into fine droplets under the action of high-speed shear and surfactants, and dispersing these fine droplets into another immiscible liquid. However, when preparing emulsions, the internal phase is sheared into very fine droplets at high speed, which leads to a sharp increase in its surface area, and the surface free energy in the system increases rapidly, resulting in poor stability. Therefore, it is very important to study the factors that affect the stability of emulsions.

[0003] The patent with the authorization announcement number CN110304980B discloses a mixed emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mixed emulsion explosive comprises a powdered emulsion explosive and a latex matrix, and the components of the mixed emulsion explosive are calculated by weight percentage as follows: the powdered emulsion explosive is 10-50%, and the latex matrix is ​​50-90%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the first aqueous phase solution and the first oil phase solution are fed into an emulsifier according to a proportional flow rate, and a latex matrix of an oil-in-water structure is formed after the shear force of the emulsifier is applied; after the latex matrix comes out of the emulsifier, it is transported to a sensitizer; the latex matrix and the powdered emulsion explosive are added to the sensitizer according to a proportion, and the mixed emulsion explosive is formed after being stirred and mixed evenly by the sensitizer. This method avoids the use of perlite and reduces costs, but the stability performance is not ideal.

[0004] The patent with the authorization announcement number CN107200670B discloses a low-detonation-velocity emulsion explosive, which includes a basic emulsion explosive and clay; the mass percentage of the basic emulsion explosive is greater than 70% and less than or equal to 95%; the mass percentage of the clay is greater than or equal to 5% and less than 30%; the basic emulsion explosive is obtained by sensitizing the emulsion matrix with a sensitizer; the main components of the clay include silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide. The explosive can be used for explosive welding of different metal materials, which is beneficial for enterprises to adjust the detonation velocity and intensity of emulsion explosives according to their own needs, and is also beneficial to reduce the price of special explosives for explosive composites and minimize environmental pollution, but there is no research and improvement on stability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved emulsion explosive and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh the water phase materials and place them into a water phase pot, stir, heat, and keep warm;

[0009] (2) Preparation of oil phase: Weigh the oil phase materials and place them into an oil phase pot, stir, heat, and keep warm;

[0010] (3) Emulsification: adding the water phase and the oil phase into an emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix;

[0011] (4) Cooling: cooling the emulsified base;

[0012] (5) Sensitization: sensitizing the cooled emulsion matrix to form an emulsion explosive;

[0013] (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, charge it according to the requirements of different product models and pack it;

[0014] In the step (2), the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier, and engine oil;

[0015] In the step (3), the oil phase and the water phase are first added to the water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, the oil phase pump is turned on first according to a certain ratio, and after the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, the water phase pump is turned on, and then the mixture enters the emulsifier for emulsification, and is stirred at a speed of 900-950 r / min for 15 seconds, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100° C.;

[0016] In the step (4), the emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt and cooled by passing water under the steel belt at a temperature of 50-54° C.

[0017] In the step (5), the sensitizers are added to the cooled emulsified matrix in sequence, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 1200-1500 r / min for continuous sensitization.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the aqueous phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, and the weight proportions of the three are: 75-77 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4-7 parts of sodium nitrate, and 12-15 parts of water. The order of adding the aqueous phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate.

[0019] Furthermore, in the step (1), the heating and insulation temperature of the water phase is 90-100°C.

[0020] Furthermore, in the step (1), the crystallization point of the water phase is 75-76°C.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2-3:1.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the polymer material is one or more of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2), the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene:polypropylene:polyethylene is 1:0.5-0.8:2-2.5.

[0024] Furthermore, in step (2), the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 60-70 parts of composite emulsifier, 8-15 parts of polymer material, 75-85 parts of composite wax, 8-15 parts of paraffin wax, 12-20 parts of microcrystalline wax, and 18-25 parts of engine oil.

[0025] Furthermore, in the step (2), the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C.

[0026] Furthermore, the emulsion explosive is obtained by the preparation method of the improved emulsion explosive.

[0027] Furthermore, the emulsion explosive obtained by the preparation method of the improved emulsion explosive is used in engineering blasting.

[0028] Furthermore, in step (5), the weight proportions of the sensitizer are: 1-1.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.1-0.3 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.2-0.5 parts of expanded perlite.

[0029] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The aqueous phase of the present invention uses ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water to form a dispersed phase of the latex matrix, provide an oxidant, and make the system react to release energy. By adjusting the contents of the three components, the ratio of ammonium nitrate and water is increased, and the ratio of sodium nitrate is reduced, so that the density of the aqueous phase is 1.41-1.42 g / m 3 , the crystallization point is 75-76℃, which improves the stability of emulsion explosives.

[0031] Ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate are inorganic oxidizing salts. The nitrogen in the ammonium nitrate molecule generates nitrogen after the explosion reaction, which is beneficial to increase the specific volume of the explosive and enhance the explosive power of the explosive. It is generally believed that sodium nitrate has a high effective oxygen content and a relatively small temperature coefficient of dissolution in water, which can significantly reduce the crystallization point of the ammonium nitrate solution and maintain the stability of the emulsified system. Therefore, in order to enhance the stability of the emulsion explosive, it is generally believed that the content of sodium nitrate is appropriately increased. However, the present application increases the explosive performance and stability of the explosive by reducing the content of sodium nitrate, appropriately increasing the content of water and ammonium nitrate, adjusting the water-oil ratio, and reducing the crystallization point of the water phase. Of course, the increase in the content of water also needs to be strictly controlled, and too much content will also affect the explosive performance.

[0032] The components used in the oil phase include composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, and engine oil. The emulsifier is a composite of two components, SP80 and T152, which can make the liquid form a stable emulsion state, solving the shortcomings of SP80 swelling and T152 high viscosity and difficulty in emulsification, and reducing the interfacial tension, improving the flexibility of the interfacial film, making the interfacial film easier to bend, and making the dispersed phase particles easier to be covered by the external phase. Therefore, the system has a higher degree of dispersion and a smaller particle diameter. When the system explodes, the reaction is more complete, and its energy will be fully released, and the stability of the emulsified matrix is ​​better guaranteed. Polymer materials such as polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene can form a three-dimensional network system to increase the strength of the oil film. By monitoring the order of adding the oil phase materials, each component can be fully melted to reduce the risk of danger in the operation.

[0033] The present invention controls the temperature of the water phase and the oil phase. The water phase temperature is higher than 15-25°C to ensure the dissolution of nitrates, which is conducive to stirring and dispersing. At the same time, the water phase is prevented from evaporating too quickly. The oil phase temperature is controlled at 85-90°C to meet the appropriate viscosity and ensure the formation of oil-in-water emulsion. During the emulsification process, the emulsification temperature and rotation speed are controlled to enhance the firmness of the oil-water two-phase interface and improve the stability of the emulsion explosive. The emulsification temperature must be guaranteed to match the water and oil phase temperatures. If the emulsification temperature is lower than the crystallization point of the water phase solution and the melting point of the oil phase material, the W / O type latex matrix will not be well formed. On the contrary, if the emulsification temperature is too high, the adsorption capacity of the emulsifier molecules to the two phases will be weakened, and the interface film of the oil-water two phases will not be firm enough, resulting in weakened stability of the emulsion explosive. The present application strictly controls the temperature of the water phase and the oil phase, and mixes them in a water-oil phase mixing tube before emulsification, and preheats them. At the same time, the structure of the water-oil phase mixing tube is improved to achieve a better emulsification effect.

[0034] The sensitizers include sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite, with chemical sensitization of sodium nitrite as the main agent and physical sensitization of hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite as the auxiliary agents. Physical sensitization and chemical sensitization work together to effectively reduce the problems of physical sensitization destroying the emulsified matrix film and chemical sensitization being difficult to control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a front view of the water-oil mixing tube of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a top view of the water-oil mixing tube of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0038] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the following Figure 1-4 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:

[0042] (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh water phase materials and place them into a water phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the water phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, the weight proportions of the three are: 75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 parts of sodium nitrate, and 12 parts of water, and the heating and keeping warm temperature of the water phase is 90-95° C. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate;

[0043] (2) Preparation of oil phase: weigh the oil phase materials and place them into an oil phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2:1; the polymer material is polystyrene; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 60 parts of composite emulsifier, 8 parts of polymer material, 75 parts of composite wax, 8 parts of paraffin, 12 parts of microcrystalline wax and 18 parts of engine oil, and the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C;

[0044] (3) Emulsification: Add the water phase and the oil phase into the emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix; first add the oil phase and the water phase into the water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, start the oil phase pump first according to a certain ratio, wait until the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, then start the water phase pump, and then enter the emulsifier for emulsification, stir at a speed of 950 r / min for 15 seconds, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100°C;

[0045] (4) Cooling: The emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt and cooled with water under the steel belt at a temperature of 50-54°C;

[0046] (5) Sensitization: Sensitizing the cooled emulsion matrix to form an emulsion explosive; adding sensitizers sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite in sequence to the cooled emulsion matrix, stirring at a speed of 1200 r / min, and continuously sensitizing; the weight proportions of the sensitizers are: 1 part of sodium nitrite, 0.1 part of hollow glass microspheres and 0.2 part of expanded perlite;

[0047] (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, it is charged and packaged according to the requirements of different product models.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh water phase materials and place them in a water phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the water phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, the weight proportions of the three are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, and 13 parts of water, and the heating and keeping warm temperature of the water phase is 90-95° C. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate;

[0051] (2) Preparation of oil phase: weigh the oil phase materials and place them into an oil phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2.5:1, and the polymer material is polypropylene; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 63 parts of composite emulsifier, 10 parts of polymer material, 78 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of paraffin, 14 parts of microcrystalline wax and 20 parts of engine oil, and the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C;

[0052] (3) Emulsification: Add the water phase and the oil phase into the emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix; first add the oil phase and the water phase into the water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, start the oil phase pump first according to a certain ratio, wait until the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, then start the water phase pump, and then enter the emulsifier for emulsification, stir at a speed of 900 r / min for 15 seconds, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100°C;

[0053] (4) Cooling: The emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt and cooled with water under the steel belt at a temperature of 50-54°C;

[0054] (5) Sensitization: The cooled emulsion matrix is ​​sensitized to form an emulsion explosive; sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite are added to the cooled emulsion matrix in sequence, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 1500 r / min for continuous sensitization; the weight proportions of the sensitizers are: 1.1 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.2 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.3 parts of expanded perlite;

[0055] (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, it is charged and packaged according to the requirements of different product models.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh water phase materials and place them in a water phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the water phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, the weight proportions of the three are: 77 parts of ammonium nitrate, 7 parts of sodium nitrate, and 15 parts of water, and the heating and keeping warm temperature of the water phase is 90-100° C. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate;

[0059] (2) Preparation of oil phase: weigh the oil phase materials and place them into an oil phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is 3:1; the polymer material is polyethylene; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 70 parts of composite emulsifier, 15 parts of polymer material, 85 parts of composite wax, 15 parts of paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax and 25 parts of engine oil; the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C;

[0060] (3) Emulsification: Add the water phase and the oil phase into the emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix; first add the oil phase and the water phase into the water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, start the oil phase pump first according to a certain ratio, wait until the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, then start the water phase pump, and then enter the emulsifier for emulsification, stir at a speed of 900 r / min for 15 seconds, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100°C;

[0061] (4) Cooling: The emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt and cooled with water under the steel belt at a temperature of 50-54°C;

[0062] (5) Sensitization: The cooled emulsion matrix is ​​sensitized to form an emulsion explosive; sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite are added to the cooled emulsion matrix in sequence, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 1200 r / min for continuous sensitization; the weight proportions of the sensitizers are: 1.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.3 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.4 parts of expanded perlite;

[0063] (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, it is charged and packaged according to the requirements of different product models.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:

[0066] (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh water phase materials and place them in a water phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the water phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, the weight proportions of the three are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, and 13 parts of water, and the heating and keeping warm temperature of the water phase is 95-100° C. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, and sodium nitrate;

[0067] (2) Preparation of oil phase: weigh the oil phase materials and place them in an oil phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2.8:1; the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene:polypropylene:polyethylene is 1:0.5:2; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 65 parts of composite emulsifier, 10 parts of polymer material, 80 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of paraffin, 15 parts of microcrystalline wax and 20 parts of engine oil; the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C;

[0068] (3) Emulsification: Add the water phase and the oil phase into the emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix; first add the oil phase and the water phase into the water-oil phase mixing tube for mixing, start the oil phase pump first according to a certain ratio, wait until the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, then start the water phase pump, and then enter the emulsifier for emulsification, stir at a speed of 950 r / min for 15 seconds, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100°C;

[0069] (4) Cooling: The emulsified matrix is ​​placed on a steel belt and cooled with water under the steel belt at a temperature of 50-54°C;

[0070] (5) Sensitization: Sensitizing the cooled emulsion matrix to form an emulsion explosive; adding sensitizers sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite in sequence to the cooled emulsion matrix, stirring at a speed of 1200 r / min, and continuously sensitizing; the weight proportions of the sensitizers are: 1.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.2 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.5 parts of expanded perlite;

[0071] (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, it is charged and packaged according to the requirements of different product models.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the ratio of the polymer material and the sensitizer is adjusted, the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene: polypropylene: polyethylene is 1:0.6:2.5; the weight proportions of the sensitizer are: 1.1 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.2 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.3 parts of expanded perlite.

[0074] Example 6

[0075] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the ratio of the polymer material and the sensitizer is adjusted, the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene: polypropylene: polyethylene is 1:0.8:2.5; the weight proportions of the sensitizer are: 1.1 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.3 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.3 parts of expanded perlite.

[0076] Example 7

[0077] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the water phase material is adjusted, and the water phase materials and their weight portions are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.1 parts of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and 13 parts of water. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

[0078] Example 8

[0079] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the water phase material is adjusted, and the water phase materials and their weight proportions are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1 part of formamide, and 13 parts of water, and the order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and formamide.

[0080] Example 9

[0081] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the water phase material is adjusted, and the water phase materials and their weight portions are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.1 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1 part of formamide, and 13 parts of water, and the order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and formamide.

[0082] Example 10

[0083] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this embodiment, the method for preparing the composite emulsifier is: adding hydroxylated phospholipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate to SP80, stirring at a speed of 1000 r / min at room temperature for 45 minutes, then adding T152, and continuing to stir for 30 minutes. The weight ratio of SP80: hydroxylated phospholipid: sodium dodecyl sulfate: T152 is 2.8:0.5:0.7:1.

[0084] Embodiment 11

[0085] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 9, but different from Example 9, in this embodiment, the method for preparing the composite emulsifier is: adding hydroxylated phospholipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate to SP80, stirring at a speed of 1000 r / min at room temperature for 45 minutes, then adding T152, and continuing to stir for 30 minutes. The weight ratio of SP80: hydroxylated phospholipid: sodium dodecyl sulfate: T152 is 2.8:0.5:0.6:1.

[0086] In Examples 1-11, in the emulsification step, the structure of the water-oil phase mixing tube is shown in the appendix of the specification. Figure 1-4 , including a water phase tube 3, a mixing tube 4 vertically connected to the water phase tube 3, and an oil phase tube 2 parallel to the mixing tube 4, the right end of the oil phase tube 2 is the oil phase inlet end, the left end of the oil phase tube 2 is the oil phase outlet end, the oil phase tube 2 extends from the oil phase outlet end into the interior of the mixing tube 4, the oil phase inlet end extends out of the mixing tube 4, and the oil phase tube 2 and the mixing tube 4 are sealed and connected by a seal 5. The seal 5 is a concentric reducer. The lower end of the water phase tube 3 is the water phase inlet end, and the intersection of the upper end of the water phase tube 3 and the mixing tube 4 is the water phase outlet end. The left end of the mixing tube 4 is the mixed liquid outlet end, and the oil phase outlet end extends into the interior of the mixing tube 4, and is located between the water phase outlet end and the mixed liquid outlet end. The inlet end of the water phase pipe is connected to the water phase pipeline via flange 1, the inlet end of the oil phase is connected to the oil phase pipeline via flange 2, and the outlet end of the mixed liquid is connected to the emulsifier access pipeline via flange 3. The water phase pipeline is provided with a water phase pump, and the oil phase pipeline is provided with an oil phase pump. The water phase enters the water phase inlet end from the water phase pipeline, flows through the water phase pipe 3 to reach the mixing pipe 4, and the oil phase enters the oil phase inlet end from the oil phase pipeline, flows through the oil phase pipe 2 to reach the mixing pipe 4. After the water phase and the oil phase are mixed in the mixing pipe 4, they enter the emulsifier for emulsification.

[0087] A heating device 1 is provided outside the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4. The heating device 1 includes a T-shaped three-way pipe wrapped outside the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4. The water phase inlet end, the oil phase inlet end, and the mixed liquid outlet end are all located outside the T-shaped three-way pipe. The three ports of the T-shaped three-way pipe are sealed and connected to the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4 through a sealing plate 6. A cavity for accommodating water vapor is formed between the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, the mixing tube 4, the T-shaped three-way pipe, and the sealing plate 6. The three ports of the T-shaped three-way pipe are respectively provided with a joint 1 7, a joint 2 8, and a joint 3 9. Water vapor enters the T-shaped three-way pipe to preheat the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4, so as to prevent the water phase material and the oil phase material from solidifying when they contact the water phase tube 3 and the oil phase tube 2 with lower temperatures. The second connector 8 is arranged at the right end of the T-shaped three-way pipe, and the third connector 9 is arranged at the lower end of the T-shaped three-way pipe. The second connector 8 and the third connector 9 are water vapor inlets, and the first connector 7 is a water vapor outlet. The flow path of water vapor in the T-shaped three-way pipe is consistent with the flow paths of the water phase and the oil phase in the water phase pipe 3, the oil phase pipe 2, and the mixing pipe 4.

[0088] During operation, the water-oil phase mixing tube is first connected to the water phase pipeline, the oil phase pipeline, and the emulsifier access pipeline respectively, and the joint 2 8 and the joint 3 9 are connected to the water vapor pipeline. The water vapor temperature is 110-120°C and the pressure is two atmospheres. The water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4 are preheated and discharged from the joint 1 7. The positions of the water phase tube 3, the oil phase tube 2, and the mixing tube 4 outside the T-shaped three-way pipe are detected by an infrared thermometer. After the temperatures of the three parts reach 95°C, the water vapor is stopped, and the oil phase pump is started first. The oil phase flows through the oil phase tube 2 and the mixing tube 4 in turn. When the oil phase is observed to flow out of the emulsifier, the water phase pump is turned on. The water phase flows through the water phase tube 3 and mixes with the oil phase in the mixing tube 4, and then reaches the emulsifier for emulsification to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

[0089] As a preferred method of this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 , the distance between the oil phase inlet and the mixed liquid outlet is marked as D1, the distance between the center point of the water phase outlet and the mixed liquid outlet is D2, and the distance between the center point of the water phase outlet and the oil phase outlet is D3. The lengths of D1, D2, and D3 meet the requirement that D1 is 2 times of D2, and D2 is 2.5 times of D3. By increasing the length of the oil phase tube, when the water tank pump is started, the oil phase is located at the front end of the water phase, the oil phase first fills the entire mixing tube, the water phase flows into the mixing tube without obstruction to the oil phase, the oil phase and the water phase are fully mixed, and the expected emulsification effect is achieved. The emulsion explosive of the present invention is used in engineering blasting.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive, the same as Example 4, except that in this comparative example, the aqueous phase materials are: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water, and the weight proportions of the three are: 75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 9.5 parts of sodium nitrate, and 9.5 parts of water;

[0092] The oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2.8:1; the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene:polypropylene:polyethylene is 1:0.5:2; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 60 parts of composite emulsifier, 15 parts of polymer material, 90 parts of composite wax, 15 parts of paraffin, and 20 parts of microcrystalline wax.

[0093] Comparative Example 2

[0094] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that, in this comparative example, the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax, and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, composite emulsifier, and engine oil; the composite emulsifier is a mixture of SP80 and T152, and the weight ratio of the two is SP80:T152 is 2.8:1, and the weight portions of the oil phase materials are: 65 parts of composite emulsifier, 80 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of paraffin, 15 parts of microcrystalline wax, and 20 parts of engine oil.

[0095] Comparative Example 3

[0096] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that in this comparative example, the composite emulsifier is replaced with SP80 in the oil phase material, and the weight proportions of the oil phase material are: 65 parts of emulsifier, 10 parts of polymer material, 80 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of paraffin, 15 parts of microcrystalline wax, and 20 parts of engine oil.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive is the same as Example 4, but different from Example 4 in that in this comparative example, the sensitizer is 1.9 parts of expanded perlite.

[0099] Test results:

[0100] The detonation distance, detonation velocity and intensity of emulsion explosives were tested in accordance with standards GB / T 12438-1990, GB / T 13228-1991 and GB / T12440-1990. The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0101]

[0102] In the oil phase of Examples 1-3 of the present application, one component of the polymer material is selected, in Examples 4-6, three components of the polymer material are selected, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is added to the aqueous phase in Example 7, formamide is added to the aqueous phase in Example 8, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and formamide are added to the aqueous phase in Example 9, hydroxylated phospholipids and sodium dodecylsulfonate are added to the emulsifier SP80 in Example 10, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and formamide are added to the aqueous phase in Example 11, and hydroxylated phospholipids and sodium dodecylsulfonate are added to the emulsifier SP80. The obtained emulsion explosive has good explosive performance and storage stability and is widely used in engineering blasting. Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid inhibits the crystallization and growth of oxidizing aqueous solutions such as ammonium nitrate; at the same time, it can form mixed micelles with the emulsifier, breaking the dissolution and crystallization equilibrium of supersaturated nitrates and increasing storage stability. Formamide inhibits the crystallization of nitrate at low temperature and improves the stability of emulsion explosives. Hydroxylated phospholipids and sodium dodecyl sulfate are added to the emulsifier SP80, which has good emulsification and dispersing power, good compatibility with, enhanced strength of the interfacial adsorption film of the composite emulsifier, high stability of the latex, sodium dodecyl sulfate reduces the surface tension of the water phase, ammonium nitrate is fully in contact with the oil phase, the explosion reaction is sufficient, the detonation velocity and intensity are increased, and the sympathetic detonation distance is increased. Comparative Example 1 adjusts the content of each component of the water phase and the oil phase, and omits the engine oil, the detonation velocity and stability are reduced. The application appropriately increases the water content, which is equivalent to reducing the concentration of nitrate oxidant in the water phase, which can effectively prevent the crystallization and precipitation of nitrate, dissolve more fully, improve the stability of emulsion explosives, increase the detonation velocity, reduce the nitrate concentration, and also reduce the probability of sympathetic detonation and the distance of sympathetic detonation. Adding engine oil can make the storage period and the formed oil film strength better, the nitrate is more fully in contact with the oil phase, the chemical reaction rate is increased, and the detonation velocity is increased. In Comparative Example 2, the polymer material in the oil phase is omitted, in Comparative Example 3, the emulsifier is a single component of SP80, and in Comparative Example 4, the sensitizer is a single component of expanded perlite. The stability and explosive performance of the emulsion explosive are both reduced.

[0103] Although the specific implementation modes of the present invention are described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation modes described are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and changes made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an improved emulsion explosive, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of water phase: weigh water phase materials and place them into a water phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the water phase materials and their weight proportions are: 76 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1.1 parts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1 part of formamide, and 13 parts of water. The order of adding the water phase materials is water, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and formamide; the heating and insulation temperature of the water phase is 90-100°C; (2) Preparation of oil phase: Weigh the oil phase materials and place them in an oil phase pot, stir, heat and keep warm; the oil phase materials are: composite emulsifier, polymer material, composite wax, paraffin, microcrystalline wax and engine oil; the order of adding the oil phase materials is: microcrystalline wax, paraffin, composite wax, polymer material, composite emulsifier and engine oil; the preparation method of the composite emulsifier is: add hydroxylated phospholipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate to SP80, stir at room temperature at a speed of 1000 r / min for 45 min, then add T152 and continue stirring. Stir for 30 minutes, the weight ratio of SP80: hydroxylated phospholipid: sodium dodecyl sulfate: T152 is 2.8:0.5:0.6:1; the polymer material is a mixture of polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, and the weight ratio of the three is polystyrene: polypropylene: polyethylene is 1:0.5:2; the weight proportions of the oil phase materials are: 65 parts of composite emulsifier, 10 parts of polymer material, 80 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of paraffin, 15 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of engine oil, and the heating and insulation temperature of the oil phase is 85-90°C; (3) Emulsification: Add the water phase and the oil phase into the emulsifier for emulsification to form a latex matrix; first add the oil phase and the water phase into the water-oil phase mixing tube and mix them, start the oil phase pump first according to a certain proportion, and after the oil phase fills the water-oil phase mixing tube, start the water phase pump, and then enter the emulsifier for emulsification, stirring at a speed of 950r / min for 15S, and the emulsification temperature is 95-100℃; (4) Cooling: Place the emulsified matrix on a steel belt and cool it with water under the belt at a temperature of 50-54°C; (5) Sensitization: Sensitizing the cooled emulsion matrix to form an emulsion explosive; adding sensitizers sodium nitrite, hollow glass microspheres and expanded perlite in sequence to the cooled emulsion matrix, stirring at a speed of 1200 r / min, and continuously sensitizing; the weight proportions of the sensitizers are: 1.2 parts of sodium nitrite, 0.2 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 0.5 parts of expanded perlite; (6) Charging: After the emulsion explosive is cooled, it is charged and packaged according to the requirements of different product models; The water-oil phase mixing tube comprises a water phase tube, a mixing tube vertically connected to the water phase tube, and an oil phase tube parallel to the mixing tube. The right end of the oil phase tube is an oil phase inlet end, and the left end of the oil phase tube is an oil phase outlet end. The oil phase tube extends from the oil phase outlet end into the interior of the mixing tube, and the oil phase inlet end extends out of the mixing tube. The oil phase tube and the mixing tube are sealed and connected by a sealing member; the sealing member is a concentric reducer; the lower end of the water phase tube is the water phase inlet end, and the intersection of the upper end of the water phase tube and the mixing tube is the water phase outlet end; the left end of the mixing tube is a mixed liquid outlet end, and the oil phase outlet end extends into the interior of the mixing tube and is located between the water phase outlet end and the mixed liquid outlet end; A heating device is provided outside the water phase tube, the oil phase tube and the mixing tube, and the heating device includes a T-shaped three-way pipe wrapped outside the water phase tube, the oil phase tube and the mixing tube, the water phase inlet end, the oil phase inlet end and the mixed liquid outlet end are all located outside the T-shaped three-way pipe, and the three ports of the T-shaped three-way pipe are sealed and connected to the water phase tube, the oil phase tube and the mixing tube through a sealing plate; a cavity for accommodating water vapor is formed between the water phase tube, the oil phase tube, the mixing tube, the T-shaped three-way pipe and the sealing plate, and a joint 1, a joint 2 and a joint 3 are respectively provided at the three ports of the T-shaped three-way pipe, and water vapor enters the T-shaped three-way pipe to preheat the water phase tube, the oil phase tube and the mixing tube; the joint 2 is arranged at the right end of the T-shaped three-way pipe, and the joint 3 is arranged at the lower end of the T-shaped three-way pipe, the joint 2 and the joint 3 are water vapor inlets, and the joint 1 is a water vapor outlet; The distance between the oil phase inlet and the mixed liquid outlet is marked as D1, the distance between the center point of the water phase outlet and the mixed liquid outlet is marked as D2, and the distance between the center point of the water phase outlet and the oil phase outlet is marked as D3. The lengths of D1, D2, and D3 satisfy that D1 is twice that of D2, and D2 is 2.5 times that of D3.

2. An emulsion explosive obtained according to the method for preparing the improved emulsion explosive according to claim 1.

3. Use of the emulsion explosive obtained according to the preparation method of the improved emulsion explosive described in claim 2 in engineering blasting.

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