A tunnel boring machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device

Abstract

The application discloses a shield machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device, which comprises an electronic tag arranged in the scraping cutter, a reader fixedly arranged on a cutter head, an analysis control unit and a display unit arranged in a control room, and an alarm unit. The position of the reader and the electronic tag is fixedly opposite, the position information of the electronic tag can be accurately perceived, the signal processed by the reader is transmitted to the analysis control unit in the control room again by using a wireless communication unit, the technical problem of inaccurate RFID position sensing can be effectively solved, the position analysis of the technical scheme is simple, reliable and accurate, and the accurate detection of the cutter damage or falling of the tunneling machine is realized by using the low-cost RFID system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tool state detection, and particularly relates to a tunnel boring machine scraping tool damage and falling detection device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The tunnel boring machine has been widely applied in various tunnel boring projects due to its safety and high efficiency, and the scraping tool, as the main tool for cutting soft rock and soil of the tunnel boring machine, especially the shield machine, is a key and easily-damaged component of the tunnel boring machine. The scraping tool mainly includes a tooth cutter, a scraper and a leading cutter, and the wear forms thereof include normal wear and abnormal wear. The normal wear is caused by the continuous and stable abrasion of rock and soil on the tool, and the tool replacement event caused by the normal wear accounts for more than 80-90% of tool failure events. The tunneling efficiency decreases after the tool wears. In addition, the fixing modes of the scraping tool mainly include bolt type, insertion type and welding type, but no matter which fixing mode is adopted, the tool will have the risk of falling off the cutter head in the process of interaction with the tunnel face. Once the scraping tool falls off and fails, the fallen scraping tool will be quickly mixed with the spoil and continuously rub and collide with the normal tools and cutter head panels left on the cutter head, thereby causing more serious cutter head failure accidents and causing irreparable economic losses. Therefore, it is very important to detect the wear and assembly state of the scraping tool of the tunnel boring machine in real time and online during tunneling, so as to replace the tool in time, thereby ensuring the normal work of the tunnel boring machine and improving the tunneling efficiency and economic benefits.

[0003] At present, the industry has carried out a large amount of research on the field detection of the scraping tool wear amount. For example, CN201910090681.8 detects and replaces the tool of the tunnel boring machine by using a robot, which has a complex structure and high cost; CN201910435974.5 is a shield tool identification and positioning detection method based on machine vision, which fixes a camera at the end of a mechanical arm, and the camera approaches the shield tool to be detected through the movement of the mechanical arm and collects tool images in real time to obtain the position category of the tool through a pre-established model. This technical scheme is difficult to implement during the tunneling process of the tunnel boring machine, and CN202021954167.9 detects the state of the tool in real time by installing a fiber optic stress and temperature sensor on the tool, detects the stress on the tool shaft and whether the rolling cutter is stuck to cause the eccentric wear of the rolling cutter, detects the surface temperature of the cutter head, and judges whether the cutter head has the phenomenon of mud cake. Since the scraping tool rotates around the cutter head main shaft during the work of the tunnel boring machine, and the working environment of the tunnel boring machine is poor, which is not conducive to the installation and wiring of the sensor; on the other hand, once the scraping tool falls off, it will be quickly mixed with the rock and soil, which is difficult to be detected by the sensor. At present, there is no low-cost and excellent tunnel boring machine tool real-time online detection system. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application provides a tunneling machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device, comprising an electronic tag (4), a reader (5), an analysis control unit (6), an auxiliary unit, wherein:

[0005] The electronic tag (4) is fixedly arranged in the scraping cutter (1);

[0006] The reader (5) is fixedly arranged on the cutter head (2), used for receiving the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag (4), and processing the received radio frequency signal to obtain decoding and sending the decoding to the analysis control unit (6);

[0007] The analysis control unit (6) is arranged in the control room (8), used for receiving the decoding and decoding analysis to obtain the position information and state information of the scraping cutter; and controlling the auxiliary unit to work according to the obtained position information and state information of the scraping cutter;

[0008] The auxiliary unit includes a display unit (71) and an alarm unit (72) connected with the analysis control unit respectively, the display unit is used for displaying the position information and state information of the scraping cutter, and the alarm unit is used for state alarm.

[0009] Further, the electronic tag (4) includes an antenna module (41) and an RFID chip (42), the RFID chip is used for storing the basic information of the scraping cutter; and the antenna module is used for sending the basic information outward.

[0010] Further, the basic information at least includes cutter installation position information, model specification and installation time.

[0011] Further, the scraping cutter (1) is provided with a blind hole I (11); the electronic tag is embedded in the blind hole I (11); the distance between the electronic tag and the hole of the blind hole I (11) is equal to the maximum wear threshold h of the scraping cutter (1).

[0012] Further, a cushion material is arranged between the electronic tag (4) and the inner wall of the blind hole I (11); and a protective layer is arranged between the hole of the blind hole I (11) and the outer end of the electronic tag.

[0013] Further, the cushion material is sequentially composed of a wave absorbing layer (33), an FRP reinforcing layer (32) and a temperature resistant layer (31) from inside to outside; and the protective layer is sequentially composed of a wear-resistant and temperature-resistant non-magnetic material layer (35) and a waterproof layer (34) from surface to inside.

[0014] Further, the cutter head (2) is provided with a blind hole two (21), and the reader is arranged in the blind hole two, and the aperture of the blind hole two (21) is filled with the protective layer at the outer end of the reader.

[0015] Further, a wireless communication unit (9) connected with the reader is arranged in the blind hole two (21), and the reader (5) sends the decoding to the analysis control unit (6) through the wireless communication unit (9), the analysis control unit (6) analyzes and processes the received decoding, and the wireless communication unit (9) is one of a Bluetooth module, a GSM module and a Wifi module.

[0016] Further, when the reader (5) cannot detect the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag or detects that the position of the electronic tag changes, the alarm unit (72) issues an alarm.

[0017] The tunnel boring machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device of the present application fixes and installs the reader on the cutter head of the boring machine, fixes and installs the electronic tag in the cutter, and when the boring machine works normally (the cutter is not damaged and falls), the electronic tag rotates with the cutter and the cutter head, at this time, the position of the cutter and the cutter head is relatively fixed and unchanged, so the relative position between the reader and the electronic tag does not change. When the cutter falls, the electronic tag falls with the cutter, and the position of the electronic tag and the reader changes relatively, the reader perceives the position change and sends the position change information to the analysis control unit for processing. In addition, when the cutter wears to its threshold value, the rock and soil cuttings will quickly damage the electronic tag, so that the reader cannot perceive the signal of the electronic tag, at this time, the analysis control unit issues an alarm instruction of cutter damage to the alarm unit. By arranging a plurality of readers at different positions on the cutter head, the position information of the electronic tag can be perceived more accurately; at the same time, the wireless communication unit can conveniently and stably transmit the signal of the reader to the driver in the control room. The technical scheme of the present application is simple and reliable, and can detect the damage and falling of the cutter of the boring machine and the wear of the cutter to the threshold value accurately and at low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a position structure schematic view of the cutter and the blind hole one in the tunnel boring machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is a position structure schematic view of the cutter head and the blind hole two in the tunnel boring machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 is a blind hole one and electronic tag installation structure schematic view in the tunnel boring machine scraping cutter damage and falling detection device of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel boring machine scraper tool damage and detachment detection device of the present invention.

[0022] The components include: 1. Scraper; 11. Blind Hole 1; 2. Scraper Disc; 21. Blind Hole 2; 31. Heat-resistant Layer; 32. FRP Reinforcing Layer; 33. Wave Absorbing Layer; 34. Waterproof Layer; 35. Wear-resistant, Heat-resistant, Non-magnetic Material Layer; 4. Electronic Tag; 41. Tag Chip; 42. Antenna Module; 5. Read / Write Unit; 6. Analysis and Control Unit; 71. Display Unit; 72. Alarm Unit; 8. Control Room. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the tunnel boring machine scraper tool damage and detachment detection device of the present invention includes an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) electronic tag 4 and a reader 5, and also includes an analysis and control unit 6 and an auxiliary unit, wherein...

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the scraper 1 of the tunnel boring machine is mounted on the cutterhead 2; as Figure 1As shown, the scraping tool 1 has a blind hole 11; the electronic tag is embedded in the blind hole 11; the distance between the electronic tag and the opening of the blind hole 11 is equal to the maximum wear threshold h of the scraping tool 1. Between the electronic tag 4 and the inner peripheral wall of the blind hole 11, a wave-absorbing layer 33, an FRP reinforcing layer 32, and a heat-resistant layer 31 are sequentially filled from the inside out; from the opening of the blind hole 11 to the outer end of the electronic tag, a wear-resistant, heat-resistant, non-magnetic material layer 35 and a waterproof layer 34 are sequentially filled from the outside in as a protective layer. The wear-resistant, heat-resistant, non-magnetic material layer 35 is preferably made of ceramic material, but other known wear-resistant, heat-resistant, non-magnetic materials can also be selected. The electronic tag 4 includes an antenna module 41 and an RFID chip 42. The RFID chip is used to store basic information about the scraping tool, and the antenna module is used to transmit the basic information outwards. The basic information includes at least the tool installation location information, model specifications, and installation time.

[0028] A blind hole 21 is provided on the cutterhead 2 of the tunnel boring machine. The reader 5 is fixedly installed on the cutterhead 2 to receive the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag 4, process the received radio frequency signal to obtain a decoded signal, and send the decoded signal to the analysis and control unit 6. Figure 2 As shown, the reader is disposed within the second blind hole. The opening of the second blind hole 21, like the outer end of the reader, is filled with a protective layer of wear-resistant, temperature-resistant, non-magnetic, and waterproof material, preferably ceramic. However, other known wear-resistant, temperature-resistant, non-magnetic materials combined with waterproof materials can also be used. A wireless communication unit 9, connected to the reader, is also included within the second blind hole 21. The reader 5 transmits the decoded signal to the analysis and control unit 6 via the wireless communication unit 9. The analysis and control unit 6 analyzes and processes the received decoded signal. The wireless communication unit 9 can be one of a Bluetooth module, a GSM module, or a Wi-Fi module. It is worth noting that the analysis and control unit can be an industrial control computer or a device used in existing technologies such as a computer for conventional analysis and processing of reader signals.

[0029] The analysis and control unit 6 is located in the control room 8 and is used to receive the decoding and perform decoding analysis to obtain the position information and status information of the scraping tool; and to control the auxiliary unit to work according to the obtained position information and status information of the scraping tool.

[0030] The auxiliary unit includes a display unit 71 and an alarm unit 72, both connected to the analysis and control unit. The display unit displays the position and status information of the scraping tool, and the alarm unit provides status alarms. When the reader 5 fails to detect the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag or detects a change in the position of the electronic tag, the alarm unit 72 issues an alarm. Specifically, when the tool falls off, the electronic tag changes position along with the tool. The reader immediately senses this position change and transmits this information to the analysis and control unit via the wireless communication unit. The analysis and control unit then issues an alarm command to the alarm unit indicating tool detachment. Under normal tool wear conditions, the reader and the electronic tag remain relatively fixed in position. When the tool wear reaches its threshold, chips enter the blind hole 11, rapidly damaging the electronic tag and preventing the reader from detecting the electronic tag signal. At this time, the reader transmits this information to the analysis and control unit, which then issues an alarm command to the alarm unit indicating tool damage.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for detecting damage and detachment of scraping tools in a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It includes an electronic tag (4), a reader (5), an analysis and control unit (6), and an auxiliary unit, wherein: The electronic tag (4) is fixedly installed inside the scraping tool (1); The reader (5) is fixedly mounted on the blade disc (2) and is used to receive the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag (4), process the received radio frequency signal to obtain a decoder, and send the decoder to the analysis and control unit (6); The analysis and control unit (6) is located in the control room (8) and is used to receive the decoding and perform decoding analysis to obtain the position information and status information of the scraping tool; and to control the auxiliary unit to work according to the obtained position information and status information of the scraping tool. The auxiliary unit includes a display unit (71) and an alarm unit (72) respectively connected to the analysis and control unit. The display unit is used to display the position information and status information of the scraping tool, and the alarm unit is used for status alarm. The electronic tag (4) includes an antenna module (41) and an RFID chip (42). The RFID chip is used to store basic information of the scraping tool; the antenna module is used to transmit the basic information outward. The scraping tool (1) is provided with a blind hole I (11); the electronic tag is embedded in the blind hole I (11); the distance between the electronic tag and the opening of the blind hole I (11) is equal to the maximum wear threshold h of the scraping tool (1); A padding material is provided between the electronic tag (4) and the inner peripheral wall of the blind hole I (11); a protective layer is provided between the opening of the blind hole I (11) and the outer end of the electronic tag; The padding material consists of, from the inside out, a wave-absorbing layer (33), an FRP reinforcing layer (32), and a heat-resistant layer (31); the protective layer consists of, from the outside in, a wear-resistant, heat-resistant, non-magnetic material layer (35) and a waterproof layer (34). The cutter head (2) is provided with a blind hole II (21), the reader is disposed in the blind hole II, and the opening of the blind hole II (21) and the outer end of the reader are filled with the protective layer; When the reader (5) fails to detect the radio frequency signal emitted by the electronic tag or detects a change in the position of the electronic tag, the alarm unit (72) issues an alarm.

2. The detection device for damage and detachment of scraping tools in a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic information includes at least the tool installation location, model and specifications, and installation time.

3. The detection device for damage and detachment of scraping tools in a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a wireless communication unit (9) connected to the reader, which is disposed in the blind hole II (21). The reader (5) sends the decoded code to the analysis and control unit (6) through the wireless communication unit (9). The analysis and control unit (6) analyzes and processes the received decoded code. The wireless communication unit (9) is one of a Bluetooth module, a GSM module, and a Wifi module.

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