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Electrode for an Ignition Device

ActiveUS20070290591A1Resistance to oxidationResistance to wearSparking plugsCeriumHafnium
An electrode for an ignition device is made from a Ni-based nickel-chromium-iron alloy which has improved resistance to high temperature oxidation, sulfidation, corrosive wear, deformation and fracture includes, by weight of the alloy: 14.5-25% chromium; 7-22% iron; 0.2-0.5% manganese; 0.2-0.5% silicon; 0.1-2.5% aluminum; 0.05-0.15% titanium; 0.01-0.1% total of calcium and magnesium; 0.005-0.5% zirconium; 0.001-0.01% boron, and the balance substantially Ni. It may also include at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of: yttrium, hafnium, lanthanum, cerium and neodymium in amounts ranging from 0.01-0.15% by weight, and incidental impurities, including cobalt, niobium, molybdenum, copper, carbon, lead, phosphorus or sulfur. These total of these impurities will typically be controlled to limits of 0.1% cobalt, 0.05% niobium, 0.05% molybdenum, 0.01% copper, 0.01% carbon, 0.005% lead, 0.005% phosphorus and 0.005% sulfur. The ignition device may be a spark plug which includes a ceramic insulator, a conductive shell, a center electrode disposed in the ceramic insulator having a terminal end and a sparking end with a center electrode sparking surface, and a ground electrode operatively attached to said shell having a ground electrode sparking surface, the center electrode sparking surface and the ground electrode sparking surface defining a spark gap therebetween. At least one of the center electrode or the ground electrode includes the solution-strengthened Ni-based nickel-chromium-iron alloy. The Ni-based nickel-chromium-iron alloy electrodes of the invention may also include a core with thermal conductivity greater than that of the Ni-based nickel-chromium-iron alloy, such as copper or silver or their alloys.
Owner:FEDERAL MOGUL WORLD WIDE LLC

Integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device

The invention relates to an integral solar energy photoelectricity water-treatment device comprising an electrode couple or an three-dimensional electrode as well as an electrolytic bath, a storage battery, solar energy battery components and corresponding controllers and an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the electrode couple or the three-dimensional electrode is loaded with photocatalytic materials; the ultraviolet lamp is used for illuminating a photoelectrode; the solar energy battery components convert the received solar light energy to electric energy which is then transmitted and stored in the storage battery so as to supply power for the ultraviolet lamp and/or the electrode couple intermittently or continuously. The invention integrates an optical chemical oxidation process and an electric chemical oxidation process which both generate enhancement and synergetic effects for improving the water treatment efficiency, or the functions of the optical chemical oxidation process and the electric chemical oxidation process can be independently exerted to realize water purification; the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, safe and simple operation, easy realization of automation and safe maintenance, driving the entire water treatment process by wholly or partly utilizing the electric energy converted from the solar energy, solving the problem of high dependence on energy sources in a photoelectrocatalytic water treatment process and being capable of not depending on the traditional power grid in service.
Owner:NORTH CHINA UNIV OF WATER RESOURCES & ELECTRIC POWER

Method for optimizing operation of regional integrated energy system taking into account load aggregator

The invention discloses a method for optimizing the operation of a regional integrated energy system considering a load aggregator, First, the day-ahead forecasting data of electric load and day-aheadforecasting data of cold and heat load of the regional integrated energy system are obtained, Load aggregators obtain their respective regional integrated energy system heating and cooling loads taking into account the demand side response according to the specified different demand side response plans, In order to minimize the total operating cost of the regional integrated energy system, network constraint, energy production and conversion equipment constraints, As that constraint of the energy storage equipment and the cold-thermoelectric power balance of the regional integrated energy system are the constraint condition, an optimization model is established to obtain the operation power planning of each energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment, and the operation planning cost under each demand side response plan is compared to determine the optimal load aggregator demand side response plan and the optimal operation planning of each energy supply equipment and energy storage equipment. The method of the invention can effectively improve the economy of the operation of the regional integrated energy system.
Owner:HEFEI UNIV OF TECH
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