39 results about "Hardening effect" patented technology

The invention relates to a copper material hot forging-cold heading composite technology based on an integrated forming device, and relates to the field of conductive copper part machining, the copper material hot forging-cold heading composite technology comprises the steps of feeding and heating, hot forging primary forming, collaborative switching, cold heading final forming, discharging and the like, in the collaborative switching step, an integrated driving mechanism has different driving modes, and a temperature control step is arranged between the hot forging step and the cold heading step. The temperature is controlled through the water-cooling heat insulation plate, the cold air nozzle and the like, the punch and the pressing block are controlled to work alternately through the hydraulic cylinder, and all the steps are coordinated through the PLC control system. The copper material hot forging-cold heading composite technology integrated forming device achieves the technical effects that copper material hot forging-cold heading composite technology integrated forming is achieved, the workpiece temperature is effectively controlled, the shaping and hardening effects are guaranteed, and the production efficiency and the product quality are improved.

The application relates to a kind of additive manufacturing material anisotropy degree calculation evaluation method and system, comprising: preparing original sample based on the object to be evaluated;Select part of sample in original sample to be irradiated, obtain irradiated sample;Nanoindentation test is carried out to unirradiated sample and irradiated sample, and the relationship curve of indentation depth and nano-hardness is obtained;Extract characteristic nano-hardness value;According to the characteristic nano-hardness value, the relative irradiation hardening rate of different orientation surfaces and the relative irradiation hardening rate of different deposition surfaces are obtained;According to the relative irradiation hardening rate of different orientation surfaces and the relative irradiation hardening rate of different deposition surfaces, the anisotropy degree factor of hardening effect is obtained;The anisotropy degree of the object to be evaluated is evaluated based on the anisotropy degree factor.The application is more suitable for SLM additive manufacturing of small batch materials or workpieces, and the anisotropy can be quantitatively evaluated, which helps to guide and optimize related material additive process technology.

The invention discloses low-cost hot-dip galvanized high-strength steel for a new energy automobile and a production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of automobile steel. The high-strength steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.02 to 0.06 percent of C, 0.06 to 0.15 percent of Si, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.013 percent of S, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Alt, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Nb, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of Ti, 0.002 to 0.003 percent of B, 0.005 to 0.015 percent of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method comprises the procedures of steelmaking, hot rolling, acid rolling and galvanizing. The bake hardening value BH2 of the high-strength steel is 50-65 MPa, the geometric must dislocation GND density of a steel-based structure under a 500-time field of view is 5 * 10 < 5 >-10 < 10 > / m < 2 >, and the high-strength steel has an excellent bake hardening effect and high plasticity.

The utility model discloses a bridge anti -collision device based on the coupling of shear hardening and negative poisson's ratio effect, including a plurality of energy -absorbing box and a plurality of fixed ring, a plurality of energy -absorbing box evenly is placed in the outside of pier and is closely spliced between adjacent energy -absorbing box, a plurality of fixed ring is evenly placed on the outer ring surface of pier and is in the embrace shape, and the fixed ring between adjacent is closely connected to be connected into a whole around pier, and the energy -absorbing box is buckled on the outside of fixed ring, and the bolt for fixing energy -absorbing box and fixed ring is inserted between energy -absorbing box and fixed ring from top to bottom, the utility model relates to building safety protection technical field, through the collaborative energy -absorbing mechanism of the introduction of negative poisson's ratio effect and shear hardening effect, the bridge anti -collision device of structure stable, energy -absorbing efficient has been constructed, and simultaneously through the modularization and the bolt type design, the quick dismounting and partial replacement function of device have been realized, and maintenance difficulty and cost have been reduced, have good engineering applicability and popularization prospect.

The invention relates to a method for predicting the creep performance of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel under high temperature and high irradiation conditions. A complex crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed to accurately predict the performance of ODS steel in terms of irradiation hardening and creep behavior, which incorporates the spatial distribution of voids and oxides. This developed model is highly consistent with experimental data at different temperatures and irradiation doses, demonstrating its strong robustness. As the irradiation dose increases, the yield stress of irradiated ODS steel also increases. The yield strength of ODS steel shows a linear relationship with the irradiation dose, which initially increases with the increase of irradiation dose and then decreases. The void size steadily increases, while the void spacing initially decreases and then increases. Therefore, the void hardening effect gradually weakens after the initial enhancement. In contrast, as the irradiation temperature increases, the yield strength decreases due to the expansion of the void spacing at higher temperatures. The creep rate of irradiated ODS steel is nonlinearly related to the irradiation dose. ODS steel irradiated at low or high doses has relatively poor creep performance and exhibits a higher creep rate under low applied stress. In contrast, at moderate doses, the creep performance is better due to the small number of irradiated voids and high strength of oxide particles. And spherical voids exhibit better creep resistance, and the void spacing has a more significant impact on the creep performance than the void size. At low and high doses, the creep performance decreases as the irradiation temperature increases, and in addition, at lower doses, the effect of irradiation temperature on creep performance is not as significant as at higher doses. This invention provides an efficient theoretical method for accurately evaluating the irradiation performance of ODS steel under complex environments.

The invention provides a high-entropy alloy gradient reinforced secondary aluminum composite material, the composite material takes secondary aluminum as a matrix, a reinforced phase of a gradient material is formed by a high-entropy alloy and a ceramic material, and the reinforced phase is of a three-layer structure and comprises a high-entropy alloy middle layer and a ceramic material and high-entropy alloy composite layer arranged on the two opposite sides of the middle layer; preferably, the high-entropy alloy is prepared from 15 to 25 parts of Mn, 15 to 20 parts of Mo, 15 to 20 parts of Cu, 15 to 20 parts of Be, 15 to 20 parts of Mg and 10 to 25 The high-entropy alloy serves as a gradient reinforcement phase, a continuous transition layer from high strength to high toughness is formed in a secondary aluminum matrix, the inherent defects of secondary aluminum are overcome, and the overall performance is improved through the strain hardening effect of a gradient structure.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing low-cost, high-density titanium alloy products. It utilizes coarse-grained titanium powder or titanium alloy powder with a D50 particle size of 20-25 μm as a raw material for metal powder injection molding, resulting in low cost. By mixing in copper powder with a D50 particle size of 8-10 μm, achieving a mass ratio of titanium powder or titanium alloy powder to copper powder of 90-99.9:10-0.1, the method leverages the low eutectoid transformation temperature and high solid solubility of copper to lower the phase transformation temperature of β-titanium alloy and refine its grain structure, resulting in a columnar crystal structure. The structure transforms into an equiaxed crystal structure, thereby increasing density, reducing porosity, and improving appearance. At the same time, due to the rapid diffusion of copper in titanium, a very fine eutectoid microstructure can be generated. When copper-containing high-temperature β-titanium alloys are cooled, a eutectoid reaction occurs to generate α-titanium alloys and compounds of TiCu2 and Ti2Cu. The solid solubility of copper in α-titanium alloys decreases significantly with decreasing temperature. Furthermore, TiCu2 has better thermal stability, and Ti2Cu has precipitation hardening effect, which can significantly improve the heat strengthening and hardness of the product.

The application discloses a numerical simulation method of a viscoelastic nonlinear dielectric elastomer constitutive model, constructs a free energy function of a dielectric elastomer considering a strain hardening effect; obtains a super-elastic constitutive model of the dielectric elastomer according to the free energy function of the dielectric elastomer; based on the obtained super-elastic constitutive model, introduces viscoelasticity of the dielectric elastomer material, and constructs a visco-hyper-elastic constitutive model of the dielectric elastomer; based on the constructed visco-hyper-elastic constitutive model, finite element simulation is carried out on a driver or a sensor structure with the dielectric elastomer as the material to carry out numerical simulation, and electromechanical stability and dynamic response of the dielectric elastomer structure are obtained, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for structure design of the dielectric elastomer. The application provides a new method for accurately calculating critical instability voltage of a complex dielectric elastomer structure, and also provides a possibility for accurately simulating dynamic behaviors of the dielectric elastomer.

The present invention discloses a method for predicting the fatigue life of metal materials driven by a multi-scale, multi-depth neural network. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a metal material fatigue test dataset; considering the additional hardening effect of metal materials under non-proportional loads, adding the maximum normal stress of the critical plane to the dataset, and preprocessing the dataset; establishing a multi-scale, multi-depth neural network framework; considering that physical constraints can guide neural network training to increase prediction accuracy, and establishing a physical loss function with soft adjustment capabilities; building a multi-scale, multi-depth neural network-driven metal material fatigue life prediction model based on the multi-scale, multi-depth neural network framework and the physical loss function; continuously iteratively optimizing the model to obtain an optimal prediction model; and using the optimal prediction model to predict the fatigue life of the metal material. The present invention not only has the advantages of high prediction accuracy, but also enhances the stability and generalization of prediction accuracy.

This invention provides an ultra-high strength, low density Al-Mg-Zn-Sc-Zr-based alloy and its preparation method, belonging to the field of aluminum alloy material technology. The ultra-high strength, low density Al-Mg-Zn-Sc-Zr-based alloy provided by this invention, by mass fraction, has the following chemical composition: Mg 3.0~8.0%, Zn 1.0~5.0%, Cu 0.4~1.0%, Mn 0.1~0.8%, Ag 0.05~0.3%, Sc 0.01%~0.3%, Zr 0.05~0.3%, with the balance being Al. This invention achieves this by precisely controlling the elemental ratios of Mg, Zn, Cu, and Ag, resulting in an alloy that maintains its low density while exhibiting a strong age-hardening effect. Simultaneously, the reasonable addition of trace elements such as Mn, Sc, and Zr enables the alloy to possess a dispersion strengthening effect. Combined with heat treatment and hot deformation processes, this further improves the strength and ductility of the aluminum alloy.

This invention discloses a short-process preparation method for a high-strength, high-conductivity Cu-Ag-Sn copper alloy, belonging to the technical field of high-performance copper alloy materials. The alloy, by mass percentage, comprises: Ag: 0.03%–0.05%, Sn: 0.005%–0.05%, total impurities ≤0.01%, and the balance being Cu. The preparation method completely abandons the traditional homogenization annealing and solution treatment processes, comprising only three core steps: continuous casting to obtain an alloy ingot; cold drawing deformation of the ingot with a total deformation of 75%–85%; and subsequent anomalous hardening annealing at 240℃–260℃ for 30–120 minutes. The alloy prepared by this invention exhibits a unique anomalous hardening effect, with a "hardness after annealing higher than in the cold-drawn state," and its Vickers hardness is increased by 1.2%–10.0% compared to the cold-drawn state, while maintaining a conductivity above 97% IACS. This method is extremely simple, energy-efficient, and cost-effective. The resulting alloy has comprehensive properties similar to the traditional Cu-0.08Ag alloy and can replace the latter in precision conductive structural components such as high-end connectors, lead frames, and commutators.

A machining technology for end face teeth of a universal coupling bell housing comprises the following steps that firstly, deep carburizing treatment is conducted on the bell housing, specifically, the bell housing is provided, and deep carburizing treatment is conducted on the whole bell housing, so that a carburizing layer is formed on the surface of the bell housing; the depth of the carburized layer extending from the surface of the bell housing to the inside is 1.2-1.8 cm; and 2, turning and removing a hard layer at the machining end: clamping the bell-shaped shell subjected to deep carburizing treatment on a lathe, turning the end to be machined of the bell-shaped shell, turning and removing a carburized layer in the area, exposing a softened base material layer below, and simultaneously machining a plurality of convex blocks for later machining of a tooth groove. According to the machining technology for the end face teeth of the bell housing of the universal coupling, the deep hardening effect can be achieved, and the high precision of the end face teeth can be guaranteed.

The utility model provides a surface hardening aluminum plate which comprises an aluminum plate body, long protruding parts are symmetrically connected to the upper surface of the aluminum plate body, short protruding parts are symmetrically connected between the adjacent long protruding parts, and point protruding parts are symmetrically connected to the middle of the upper surface of the aluminum plate body. The upper surfaces of the aluminum plate body, the long protruding parts, the short protruding parts and the point protruding parts are fixedly connected with inner hardened layers, the upper surfaces of the inner hardened layers are fixedly connected with surface hardened layers, meanwhile, fixing grooves are symmetrically formed in the lower surface of the aluminum plate body, and the aluminum plate body is fixedly connected with a main side plate, an auxiliary side plate, a main end plate and an auxiliary end plate through the fixing grooves. And the surfaces of the auxiliary side plate and the auxiliary end plate are symmetrically connected with an embedding column and an embedding block respectively. Through cooperation of the long protruding parts, the short protruding parts, the point protruding parts, the inner hardened layer and the surface hardened layer, the hardening effect of the surface of the aluminum plate body can be effectively enhanced, and therefore the hardness and the wear-resisting effect of the surface of the aluminum plate body can be enhanced in an auxiliary mode.

The invention relates to a metal tungsten irradiation hardening effect prediction method based on multi-scale simulation, and the method comprises the steps: S1, initializing system setting and irradiation defect information which comprises the type, size and number density of irradiation defects; s2, simulating an interaction process of dislocation and periodically arranged irradiation defects by using a molecular dynamics method, and obtaining a micromechanism of interaction of the dislocation and the irradiation defects; s3, introducing the micromechanism obtained in the step S2 into a dislocation kinetics system by using a dislocation kinetics method, simulating the action of single dislocation and irradiation defects randomly distributed in the space, and obtaining a single crystal hardening rule; and S4, constructing a polycrystalline plastic finite element model by using the single crystal hardening rule extracted in the step S3 by using a crystal plastic finite element method, inputting irradiation defect information obtained by experimental measurement or other simulation methods, simulating deformation processes such as stretching and compression, obtaining yield strength increment after material irradiation, and realizing irradiation hardening effect prediction.

The application provides a material stress prediction method and a server. The prediction method comprises the following steps: a first correction model is established according to a strain hardening effect model and a thermal softening effect model. A strain rate strengthening term in a JC model is replaced by the first correction model to establish a corrected JC model. The JC model is a product of a strain hardening term, a strain rate strengthening term and a temperature softening term. The stress of the material is predicted according to the corrected JC model. According to the corrected JC model, the complex strain rate effect of the material under high strain rate can be accurately characterized, the prediction accuracy is improved, and a theoretical basis is provided for production and processing. For users, when the condition parameters are changed, the target of the metal sheet component to be prepared can also be obtained according to the corrected JC model, the trial-and-error method of the users to obtain the target of the metal sheet component to be prepared is reduced, the cost is saved, and the time is saved.

The invention relates to a hot-rolled flat steel product, the microstructure of which can comprise at most 9% residual austenite and at most 11% martensite, the remainder being bainitic ferrite with precipitates in the form of carbides, nitrides and / or carbonitrides, and the flat steel product has a tensile strength Rm of at least 950 MPa, a yield strength Re of at least 670 MPa, and a bake-hardening effect BH of at least 40 MPa. The invention also relates to a method for producing the flat steel product.

The present invention discloses a kind of welding material, welding material, application and preparation method, wherein welding material, its raw material composition includes, wt%:Si:1‑3%, Mg:1.2‑3.2%, Zn:1‑3.6%, Cu:0.6‑1.6%, Mn:0.5‑0.8%, Cr:0.2‑0.45%, Ti:0.1‑0.25%, Zr:0.05‑0.1%, Sc:0.05‑0.1%, Fe<0.2%, remainder is Al and inevitable impurities. The present invention reduces the precipitation enthalpy of nanoscale strengthening phase by the regulation of Zn, Cu, Mg, Si elemental content, so as to improve the bake hardening effect of weld, to make up for the weld excessive softening problem existing due to the dissolution of nanoscale precipitated phase. In addition, Fe-containing brittle phase characteristics are improved in weld by Mn, Cr element addition, and weld hot crack tendency is reduced in combination with grain refining elements such as Zr, Sc, Ti, so as to further improve weld toughness.

The application discloses a method for improving the strength of IN625 alloy ring forgings, which comprises the steps of upsetting, punching, horse frame hole expanding, pre-rolling, final rolling and low-temperature bulging. The application refines the grains by adopting high-temperature blanking (including the upsetting and punching and horse frame hole expanding processes) and large deformation forging, and keeps the grains from growing by adopting low-temperature rolling and small deformation forging. The work hardening effect is improved through low-temperature bulging after rolling. The above method can improve the strength of IN625 material forgings, and the IN625 alloy ring forgings with good grain size and mechanical properties are obtained.

The application discloses a preparation method of high-speed bar production nominal diameter 16-20mm HRB400E fine-grain high-toughness straight bar anti-seismic steel bar, a small amount of Cr is added in the steel, and a higher C content is controlled, so that the hardenability and secondary hardening effect are obviously improved, the pearlite content of a microstructure is further improved, the improvement of the tensile strength of the steel and the improvement of the anti-seismic performance are promoted, and the passivation corrosion resistance of the steel is also improved. The steel bar produced by the preparation method has the advantages of excellent and stable process mechanical properties, fine and uniform microstructure, good plasticity and toughness, excellent anti-seismic performance and corrosion resistance, and the like, and the indexes are all better than GB / T 1499.2-2018, and the production cost is reduced by 60 yuan / t compared with the existing vanadium micro-alloying process 钢 The above significantly improves the market competitiveness of the nominal diameter 16-20mm HRB400E straight bar anti-seismic steel bar, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.

The present application belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling and production equipment materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength and high-toughness martensitic stainless steel for petroleum sucker rod and a heat treatment method thereof. In view of the problems that the existing petroleum sucker rod material is insufficient in strength and toughness, and corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance are difficult to be coordinated under sulfur-containing corrosive medium and alternating load, the present application firstly reduces the cost through specific alloy design without or with low cobalt, and cooperates with the twice heat treatment process of "specific temperature quenching + precise medium-temperature tempering", so as to effectively stimulate the secondary hardening effect of vanadium and niobium micro-alloy elements in the steel at the tempering temperature of 500-600 DEG C, so that the rod part has high toughness while obtaining ultrahigh strength, and has good corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, and can be used for the key positions of downhole operation.

According to the ion nitriding deformation control method for the titanium alloy ball valve ball body, the titanium alloy ball body blank is subjected to high-temperature annealing, so that the thermal stability of a titanium alloy structure before ion nitriding is improved, and deformation induced by recrystallization stress release in the nitriding process is reduced; medium-low temperature annealing is carried out after the titanium alloy ball body is machined and ground, deformation caused by machining stress in the nitriding process is reduced, and then the roundness and the surface roughness of the titanium alloy ball body are guaranteed through match grinding. After ion nitriding, a hardening effect is generated on the surface of the titanium alloy ball body, meanwhile, the titanium alloy ball body has high dimensional precision, the sealing performance of the titanium alloy ball valve is guaranteed, the technological process is relatively simple, the ball body of the surface-hardened ball valve is stable in size and resistant to abrasion and corrosion, and the service life of the ball valve is greatly prolonged.

This invention belongs to the field of marine engineering technology and discloses a method for constructing a numerical model of ice materials and a method for predicting ice loads. The construction method provided by this invention includes: obtaining experimental data by conducting uniaxial compression tests on ice materials under different strain rate conditions; establishing a hybrid hardening model including isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening, and introducing the Cowper-Symonds strain rate model to correct the yield strength, thereby obtaining a constitutive expression for the ice material including parameters to be calibrated; calibrating the parameters to be calibrated based on the experimental data, thereby obtaining a constitutive model of the ice material that simultaneously considers strain rate effects and hardening effects; and establishing a nodal failure mechanism corresponding to the failure criteria of the ice material, thereby obtaining a numerical model of the ice material that simultaneously considers strain rate effects, hardening effects, and failure behavior. This invention also utilizes the numerical model of the ice material for ice load prediction. This invention can improve the accuracy of numerical simulation of ice loads.

The utility model provides a bending mechanism based on microtexture, including bending platform and bending tool bit, bending platform and bending tool bit molding area are respectively provided with protruding microtexture, protruding microtexture includes first protruding microtexture and second protruding microtexture, the first protruding microtexture is located at the bending platform end portion, the second protruding microtexture is located at the bending platform end portion, and the second protruding microtexture is located at the bending platform end portion. The second protruding microtextures are located in the forming area of the bending tool bit, and the distribution density of the first protruding microtextures is larger than that of the second protruding microtextures. The protruding height of the first protruding micro-textures is smaller than that of the second protruding micro-textures. According to the utility model, more uniform and concentrated stress is generated at the bending part of the plate, and larger and uniform plastic deformation is generated at the bending part of the plate, so that a local uniform hardening effect is caused, and the springback amount of the bent plate can be effectively reduced.

This invention belongs to the field of alloy material preparation technology, specifically relating to a method for improving the mechanical properties of eutectic high-entropy alloys. The method comprises the following steps: homogenization annealing → quenching → cold rolling → low-temperature short-time annealing → quenching. This invention constructs a multi-layered heterogeneous lamellar structure in the eutectic high-entropy alloy through cold rolling and low-temperature short-time annealing, enhancing the strengthening and hardening effect of the eutectic high-entropy alloy during deformation, thereby improving its mechanical properties. This method is simple, easy to implement, and low-cost. The preparation process parameters can be flexibly selected according to the performance requirements of the service environment, making it highly suitable for the industrial production and application of high-performance eutectic high-entropy alloys.

The invention discloses a titanium alloy laser-microparticle peening composite strengthening treatment method, a product and application, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing metal materials. According to the method, a synergistic process of laser shock peening (LSP) and microparticle peening (FPP) is adopted, the surface of the titanium alloy is subjected to laser shock peening firstly, and then the surface layer is subjected to secondary peening through a microparticle peening surface technology, so that the mechanical property of the surface of the titanium alloy is adjusted, and the hardness of the surface of the titanium alloy is remarkably improved; and meanwhile, a deep residual compressive stress layer and a good surface state are achieved, and composite strengthening is achieved. Experimental results show that the method inherits the effect of laser shock peening in the depth of residual compressive stress, has the high hardening effect introduced by the micro-particle shot peening process at the position close to the surface layer, and forms a hard and deep strengthened layer in the titanium alloy material. In addition, the technology can overcome the problems of overlarge surface roughness and deformation of the traditional shot blasting and composite technology, so that the part has better surface integrity.

The application relates to the technical field of shoes, and provides a leisure shoe with a hardening-resistant vamp, which comprises a vamp, the vamp comprises a surface layer, an elastic layer and an inner layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the elastic layer comprises an elastic framework and elastic pieces, the elastic framework is provided with a plurality of reset grooves, the elastic pieces are provided in groups, and all the elastic pieces are respectively arranged in the reset grooves. The leisure shoe with the hardening-resistant vamp can delay the hardening effect of the vamp.

The invention discloses a short-process preparation method of a high-strength and high-conductivity Cu-Ag-Sn copper alloy, and belongs to the technical field of high-performance copper alloy materials. The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.03%-0.05% of Ag, 0.005%-0.05% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.01% of impurities and the balance of Cu. The preparation method thoroughly abandons the traditional homogenizing annealing and solution treatment processes, and only comprises three core steps: carrying out upward continuous casting to obtain an alloy casting rod; the casting rod is directly subjected to cold drawing deformation with the total deformation being 75%-85%; and then abnormal hardening annealing is carried out for 30-120 minutes at the temperature of 240-260 DEG C. The alloy prepared through the method has the unique abnormal hardening effect that the hardness after annealing is higher than that in a cold drawing state, the Vickers hardness of the alloy is improved by 1.2%-10.0% compared with that in the cold drawing state, and meanwhile the electric conductivity is kept to be 97% IACS or above. The method is extremely simple in process, low in energy consumption and remarkable in cost benefit, the comprehensive performance of the obtained alloy is similar to that of a traditional Cu-0. 08Ag alloy, and the obtained alloy can replace the traditional Cu-0. 08Ag alloy to be used for precise conductive structural parts such as high-end connectors, lead frames and commutators.

The present application belongs to the field of laser strengthening, and specifically discloses methods for determining a laser surface hardening effect and a hardened layer depth of a ductile iron mold. The hardening effect determination method is: performing phase composition analysis on a surface of a strengthened ductile iron mold, and if, among phases other than graphite, martensite content accounts for more than 95% and residual austenite content accounts for less than 5%, the surface hardening effect of the ductile iron mold is determined to meet requirements. The present application proposes using surface phase composition as an evaluation index for the hardening effect, and optimizes the specific evaluation criteria, which can effectively simplify the process of evaluation of the surface hardening effect of the ductile iron mold and provide timely feedback for optimizing process design, and has the advantages of a simple determination process and accurate determination results, thereby having relatively strong industrial application value.

The application provides an Al-Mg-Si alloy deformation and heat treatment method for obtaining optimal aging strengthening effect, and the general formula of the Al-Mg-Si alloy obtained through the method is aAl-bMg-cSi, wherein a=98.6, b=0.6, c=0.55, and a small amount of impurity elements, and the content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.03 wt.%. The application belongs to the technical field of improving the strength of aluminum alloys. The process disclosed by the application is based on the traditional rolling process and heat treatment, is low in cost, and is relatively strong and convenient in operability in the processing process.

The application discloses a QT500-5 nodular cast iron surface laser hardening explainable process parameter optimization method, including the following steps: constructing a finite element heat transfer model, screening a preliminary process parameter range; LHS sampling and testing are carried out in the range, and a data set is constructed; the data set is used to train an MTNN model, a BO algorithm is used for optimization, a BO-MTNN prediction model is constructed, and PCC and SHAP methods are introduced to reveal the action mechanism; a MOHOA algorithm is used for multi-objective optimization, a Pareto solution set is obtained, an EWM and TOPSIS combined decision method is used for multi-index comprehensive evaluation and sorting of the solution set, and an optimal process parameter combination is obtained by optimization; the optimal process parameter combination is verified by actual laser hardening test. The whole scheme has physical accuracy, high efficiency of prediction, multi-objective balance and decision objectivity, greatly reduces the simulation cost, improves the optimization efficiency, and can stably obtain the optimal laser process parameters considering the hardening effect and the melting control.