The present application relates to a method for establishing a constitutive model of soil based on a prototype test and a test device used by the method, the method comprising the following steps: placing a sealed bag in a
soil column test hole, injecting fluid into the sealed bag to load the soil, measuring the
lateral displacement of the deep soil, calculating the yield cylindrical surface
radius of the soil, the radial compressive stress at yield, and the
principal stress state of the soil unit according to the circular hole expansion theory and the Lame equation, establishing the yield criterion, the subsequent
yield surface, and the failure criterion, dividing the soil in the plastic deformation area into multiple concentric soil cylinders according to the graded loading, calculating the size and
radial displacement of each soil cylinder from outside to inside, combining the test hole sidewall
radial displacement test value, calculating the elastic parameters required by the incremental method in the elastic-plastic
mechanics according to the test loading grade, establishing the constitutive model, assuming that the
yield surface is a plane and the intermediate
principal stress is ignored, degrading the yield criterion into the Mole-
Coulomb criterion, and verifying the constitutive model through a prototype test.