The present application relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, and particularly relates to a saturable absorber based on tantalumphosphidequantum dots and a preparation method and application thereof.The present application provides a saturable absorber based on tantalumphosphidequantum dots, comprising: tantalumphosphidequantum dots and a fused taper fiber, wherein the tantalum phosphide quantum dots are attached to the surface of the waist of the fused taper fiber; the saturable absorber based on tantalum phosphide quantum dots is used in a passively mode-locked laser, can output pulses with good stability, and has good stability and a wide working wavelength range.