The invention discloses a reactive power optimization method of a power distribution network. The method comprises the steps of 1), building a mathematical model of a fan; 2), initializing the node voltage; 3), building a reactive power planning mathematical model and converting into a multi-objective optimization problem; 4), inputting original data; 5), forming an initial particle swarm and initializing the speeds and the positions of particles; 6), performing load flow calculation and obtaining adaptive values and a current optimum value of the particles; 7), correcting the speeds and the positions of the particles by using an ecological niche weight flight time method; 8), calculating the adaptability of the whole population, obtaining the adaptability value and updating the current optimum solution pBestid; 9), adjusting a control variable of a border crossing point of an individual particle and modifying a border crossing state variable; and 10), determining whether a requirement of an end condition is met, if the requirement of the end condition is met, outputting the result, otherwise, returning to the 6).