A monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of disaster monitoring and early warning technology, and in particular to a monitoring and early warning system for high-hazard areas of mountain torrents and mud-rock flow, comprising a main server, a data acquisition module and a signal transmission tower. Monitoring and early warning software is installed in the main server, and a data processing unit, a level judgment unit and an early warning unit are arranged inside the monitoring and early warning software. The data acquisition module comprises a detection sensor group fixedly connected to the inside of a protective shell, a fixed anchor nail protectively connected to the center of the bottom of the protective shell, a wireless signal transmitter fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell and a battery installed inside the protective shell. The present invention can effectively solve the problems of existing monitoring and early warning systems for mountain torrents and mud-rock flow disasters, in which most of the judgment factors are relatively single, the degree of automation is low, and the collation and analysis of safety data cannot meet the needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of disaster monitoring and early warning, and in particular to a monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and mud-rock flows. Background Art

[0002] Flash floods and debris flows are the rapid transport of water, soil, and material within small watersheds in mountainous areas. They erupt suddenly, are highly destructive, and often cause devastating disasters. These disasters are caused by a combination of factors: active geological structures, dramatic elevation differences in terrain, abundant rainfall from the monsoon climate, dense populations, and the impact of intense human activity.

[0003] At present, most of the existing domestic automated safety monitoring and early warning systems for flash floods and debris flow disasters have relatively simple judgment factors. The monitoring network points in the high-risk areas of flash floods and debris flows are not sufficiently distributed, the coverage rate is not high, the degree of automation is low, and the collation and analysis of safety data are even more difficult to meet the needs of the project. In addition, the traditional method of flash flood and debris flow monitoring and early warning is to establish simple survey points in mountainous areas and adopt simple survey methods, that is, mainly rely on manual survey of rainfall and early warning after debris flow occurs. The technical content of the survey instruments is not high, and communications are stuck in bad weather, especially at night, monitoring and early warning work is difficult to implement.

[0004] In summary, the present invention provides a monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and mud-rock flows to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows includes a main server, a data acquisition module, and a signal transmission tower. The main server is installed with monitoring and early warning software, which is internally provided with a data processing unit, a level determination unit, and an early warning unit. The data acquisition module includes a detection sensor group fixedly connected to the interior of a protective housing, a fixed anchor fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the protective housing, a wireless signal transmitter fixedly connected to the top of the protective housing, and a battery installed in the protective housing.

[0008] The specific analysis steps of the data processing unit are:

[0009] S1: The signal transmission tower inputs the data collected by the data acquisition module into the monitoring and early warning software installed in the main server through the 5G signal network. The data processing unit in the monitoring and early warning software downloads the satellite cloud image of the monitoring area from the network, and counts the number of cumulonimbus clouds above the monitoring area within the specified time. The stimulated rainfall formula is used to calculate the stimulated rainfall. The stimulated rainfall is substituted into the early warning rainfall formula to calculate the early warning rainfall for the area. The actual rainfall detected by the rainfall sensor is substituted into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual rainfall.

[0010] S2, the data processing unit retrieves a topographic map of the detection area, obtains the vertical drop ratio, resistance coefficient, hydraulic radius, and flash flood discharge coefficient of the monitoring area by measuring the topographic map, calculates the predicted flow velocity of the debris flow in the monitoring area using the flow velocity formula, and calculates the predicted pore water pressure using the flash flood debris flow severity formula. The actual pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor is substituted into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual pore water pressure;

[0011] S3: The data processing unit collects the surrounding sound waveforms from the detection sensor group, removes the background noise features from the waveform image, obtains the impact image waveform, and extracts the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform. The characteristic frequency is substituted into the sound wave impact energy formula to obtain the sound wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio;

[0012] S4, the data processing unit inputs the predicted flow rate into the kinetic energy calculation formula Where Gc is the weight of the mountain torrent debris flow, ms is the resistance coefficient, and h is the radius of the debris flow. The predicted kinetic energy of the debris flow is calculated and then input into the range calculation formula Where ms is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of the debris flow, and L is the flow distance of the debris flow. The predicted flow range of the debris flow is calculated.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the main server and the data acquisition module are connected to the signal transmission tower through the 5G data network, and the detection sensor group and the wireless signal transmitter are electrically connected to the battery through wires.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the detection sensor group includes a rainfall sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a GPS locator and an acoustic wave collector. The protective shell is made of stainless steel. A protective cover is installed on the top of the protective shell and at the corresponding position of the wireless signal transmitter, and the protective cover is made of wave-transparent material.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the specific analysis process of the level judgment unit is: the data processing unit inputs the processed warning rainfall, warning pore water pressure, acoustic wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio into the level judgment unit, the level judgment unit puts the warning rainfall and the excitation rainfall into the first probability formula to calculate the first outbreak probability, then puts the warning pore water pressure and the data of the pore water pressure sensor into the second probability formula to calculate the second outbreak probability, and then inputs the acoustic wave energy coefficient and the impact energy ratio into the third probability formula to calculate the third outbreak probability. When any one of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceeds 0.95, a third-level alarm is input into the warning unit. When any two of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceed 0.93, a second-level alarm is input into the warning unit. When the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability all exceed 0.90, a first-level alarm is input into the warning unit.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the specific analysis steps of the early warning unit are: when the early warning unit receives a third-level alarm, the early warning unit will send early warning information to the TV stations and radio stations in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of L through the signal transmission tower, and the frequency is once every 24 hours. When the early warning unit receives a second-level alarm, the early warning unit will send early warning information to the user's mobile phone in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of 1.5L through the signal transmission tower, and the frequency is once every 12 hours. When the early warning unit receives a first-level alarm, the early warning unit will call the user's mobile phone in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of 1.5L through the signal transmission tower, and play the early warning voice after the connection is connected, and the frequency is once every 6 hours.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the formula for the stimulated rainfall in S1 is: The warning rainfall formula is: Among them, Rstim is the stimulated rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, Ralarm is the warning rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, S is the number of cumulonimbus clouds above within the specified time, and Rt is the annual average rainfall in the monitoring area, the unit is mm / 10min.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the flow rate formula in S2 is: The formula for the severity of mountain torrents and debris flows is: Where V c is the predicted velocity of debris flow, G c Severe mountain torrents and debris flows, m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of debris flow, I c is the vertical drop ratio, γ w is the weight of water, is the mountain torrent discharge coefficient, Gc 、m s , h and All are determined according to the hydraulic calculation method, P c is the predicted pore water pressure.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the formula for the acoustic wave impact energy in S3 is: where r s1 is the impact energy ratio, e ∫ is the acoustic wave energy coefficient, f is the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform, E(f) is the energy spectrum of the frequency, f 1a is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually taken as 0.05, f 1b is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually 3, f sa is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 300, f sb It is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 600.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the first probability formula is: where R 实 is the average actual rainfall in mm / 10min. The second probability formula is: Where P is the average actual pore water pressure, and the third probability formula is:

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, various data in the monitoring area are collected by the data acquisition module, and the data are sent to the main server through the signal transmission tower. The data processing unit in the main server will process the data, and the level judgment unit will judge the warning level according to the input data of the data processing unit. The warning unit will send corresponding warning information according to the warning level determined by the level judgment unit. There is no need for industrial survey and rainfall measurement, and warning can be issued before the occurrence of mountain torrents and mud-rock flows.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, a GPS locator is designed in the detection sensor group in the data acquisition unit. When a flash flood and mudslide occurs, workers can locate the washed away data acquisition unit according to the signal sent by the GPS locator, making it easier to find it. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system block structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional view of the data acquisition unit of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Main server; 2. Data acquisition module; 3. Signal transmission tower; 4. Monitoring and early warning software; 5. Data processing unit; 6. Level judgment unit; 7. Early warning unit; 201. Protective shell; 202. Detection sensor group; 203. Fixed anchor; 204. Wireless signal transmitter; 205. Battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0030] For examples, see Figure 1-3 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0031] A monitoring and early warning system for areas with high risk of flash floods and mudslides includes a main server 1, a data acquisition module 2, and a signal transmission tower 3. The main server 1 is installed with monitoring and early warning software 4, and the monitoring and early warning software 4 is internally provided with a data processing unit 5, a level judgment unit 6, and an early warning unit 7. The data acquisition module 2 includes a detection sensor group 202 fixedly connected to the inside of a protective shell 201, a fixed anchor 203 fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the protective shell 201, a wireless signal transmitter 204 fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell 201, and a battery 205 installed inside the protective shell 201.

[0032] The specific analysis steps of the data processing unit 5 are:

[0033] S1, the signal transmission tower 3 inputs the data collected by the data acquisition module 2 into the monitoring and early warning software 4 installed in the main server 1 through the 5G signal network. The data processing unit 5 in the monitoring and early warning software 4 downloads the satellite cloud map of the monitoring area from the network, and counts the number of cumulonimbus clouds above the monitoring area within the specified time. The stimulated rainfall formula is used to calculate the stimulated rainfall, and the stimulated rainfall is substituted into the early warning rainfall formula to calculate the early warning rainfall of the area. The actual rainfall detected by the rainfall sensor is substituted into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual rainfall;

[0034] S2, the data processing unit 5 retrieves a topographic map of the detection area, obtains the vertical drop ratio, resistance coefficient, hydraulic radius, and flash flood discharge coefficient of the monitoring area by measuring the topographic map, calculates the predicted flow velocity of the debris flow in the monitoring area using the flow velocity formula, and calculates the predicted pore water pressure using the flash flood debris flow severity formula, and substitutes the actual pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual pore water pressure;

[0035] S3, the data processing unit 5 detects the sound waveform collected by the sensor group 202, removes the background noise characteristics from the waveform image, obtains the impact image waveform, and extracts the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform. The characteristic frequency is substituted into the sound wave impact energy formula to obtain the energy coefficient of the sound wave and the impact energy ratio;

[0036] S4, the data processing unit 5 inputs the predicted flow rate into the kinetic energy calculation formula Among them G c Severe mountain torrents and debris flows, m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of the debris flow, calculate the predicted kinetic energy of the debris flow, and then input the predicted kinetic energy into the range calculation formula where m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the debris flow radius, and L is the debris flow distance, and the predicted flow range of the debris flow is calculated.

[0037] Furthermore, the main server 1 and the data acquisition module 2 are connected to the signal transmission tower 3 through the 5G data network, and the detection sensor group 202 and the wireless signal transmitter 204 are electrically connected to the battery 205 through wires.

[0038] Furthermore, the detection sensor group 202 includes a rainfall sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a GPS locator and an acoustic wave collector. The protective shell 201 is made of stainless steel. A protective cover is installed on the top of the protective shell 201 and at the corresponding position of the wireless signal transmitter 204, and the protective cover is made of wave-transparent material.

[0039] Furthermore, the specific analysis process of the level judgment unit 6 is as follows: the data processing unit 5 inputs the processed warning rainfall, warning pore water pressure, acoustic wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio into the level judgment unit 6; the level judgment unit 6 puts the warning rainfall and the excitation rainfall into the first probability formula to calculate the first outbreak probability; then puts the warning pore water pressure and the data of the pore water pressure sensor into the second probability formula to calculate the second outbreak probability; then inputs the acoustic wave energy coefficient and the impact energy ratio into the third probability formula to calculate the third outbreak probability; when any one of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceeds 0.95, a third-level alarm is input into the warning unit 7; when any two of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceed 0.93, a second-level alarm is input into the warning unit 7; when the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability all exceed 0.90, a first-level alarm is input into the warning unit 7.

[0040] Furthermore, the specific analysis steps of the early warning unit 7 are as follows: when the early warning unit 7 receives a third-level alarm, the early warning unit 7 will send early warning information to the TV stations and radio stations in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of L through the signal transmission tower 3, and the frequency is once every 24 hours. When the early warning unit 7 receives a second-level alarm, the early warning unit 7 will send early warning information to the user's mobile phone in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of 1.5L through the signal transmission tower 3, and the frequency is once every 12 hours. When the early warning unit 7 receives a first-level alarm, the early warning unit 7 will call the user's mobile phone in the circular area with the monitoring area as the center and the radius of 1.5L through the signal transmission tower 3, and play the early warning voice after the connection is connected, and the frequency is once every 6 hours.

[0041] Furthermore, the formula for the stimulated rainfall in S1 is The warning rainfall formula is: Among them, Rstim is the stimulated rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, Ralarm is the warning rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, S is the number of cumulonimbus clouds above within the specified time, and Rt is the annual average rainfall in the monitoring area, the unit is mm / 10min.

[0042] Furthermore, the flow rate formula in S2 is The formula for the severity of mountain torrents and debris flows is: Where V c is the predicted velocity of debris flow, G c Severe mountain torrents and debris flows, m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of debris flow, I c is the vertical drop ratio, γ w is the weight of water, is the mountain torrent discharge coefficient, G c 、ms , h and All are determined according to the hydraulic calculation method, P c is the predicted pore water pressure.

[0043] Furthermore, the formula for the sonic impact energy in S3 is: where r s1 is the impact energy ratio, e ∫ is the acoustic wave energy coefficient, f is the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform, E(f) is the energy spectrum of the frequency, f 1a is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually taken as 0.05, f 1b is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually 3, f sa is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 300, f sb It is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 600.

[0044] Furthermore, the first probability formula is: where R 实 is the average actual rainfall in mm / 10min. The second probability formula is: Where P is the average actual pore water pressure, and the third probability formula is: Specific implementation cases:

[0045] The worker evenly places the data collection module 2 in the detection area and starts the data collection module 2;

[0046] The signal transmission tower 3 inputs the data collected by the data acquisition module 2 into the monitoring and early warning software 4 installed in the main server 1 through the 5G signal network. The data processing unit 5 in the monitoring and early warning software 4 downloads the satellite cloud map of the monitoring area from the network, and counts the number of cumulonimbus clouds S above the monitoring area within the specified time, and uses the stimulated rainfall formula Calculate the stimulated rainfall and bring it into the early warning rainfall formula. The early warning rainfall formula is: Calculate the warning rainfall in the area, and bring the actual rainfall detected by the rainfall sensor into the average calculation formula to obtain the average actual rainfall R 实， The data processing unit 5 retrieves the topographic map of the detection area and obtains the vertical drop ratio I of the monitoring area by measuring the topographic map. c , resistance coefficient m s , hydraulic radius h and mountain torrent discharge coefficient Using the flow rate formula Calculate the predicted flow rate of debris flow in the monitoring area and use the formula for the severity of flash floods and debris flows Calculate the predicted pore water pressure P c, the actual pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor is substituted into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual pore water pressure P. The data processing unit 5 will detect that the sensor group 202 will collect the surrounding sound waveform to obtain the waveform image, remove the background noise characteristics, obtain the impact image waveform, and extract the characteristic frequency f of the impact waveform. Substitute the characteristic frequency into the acoustic impact energy formula Where f is the characteristic frequency of the shock waveform, E(f) is the energy spectrum of the frequency, and f 1a The lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal is usually taken as 0.05, f 1b The upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal is usually 3, f sa The lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal is usually taken as 300, f sb The upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal is usually taken as 600, and the energy coefficient e of the sound wave is obtained. ∫ and impact energy ratio r s1 , the data processing unit 5 inputs the predicted flow rate into the kinetic energy calculation formula Among them G c Severe mountain torrents and debris flows, m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of the debris flow, calculate the predicted kinetic energy of the debris flow, and then input the predicted kinetic energy into the range calculation formula where m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the debris flow radius, and L is the debris flow distance, and the predicted flow range of the debris flow is calculated.

[0047] Furthermore, the specific analysis process of the level judgment unit 6 is as follows: the data processing unit 5 inputs the processed warning rainfall, warning pore water pressure, acoustic wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio into the level judgment unit 6, and the level judgment unit 6 puts the warning rainfall and the triggering rainfall into the first probability formula , calculate the first outbreak probability K1, then put the warning pore water pressure and pore water pressure sensor data into the second probability formula Calculate the second burst probability K2, and then input the sound wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio into the third probability formula The third outbreak probability K3 is calculated. When any one of the first outbreak probability K1, the second outbreak probability K2, and the third outbreak probability K3 exceeds 0.95, a level 3 alarm is input to the early warning unit 7. When the early warning unit 7 receives the level 3 alarm, it will send an early warning message to the television stations and radio stations within a circular area with a radius of L and a monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower 3. The frequency of the message is once every 24 hours.

[0048] When any two of the first outbreak probability K1, the second outbreak probability K2, and the third outbreak probability K3 exceed 0.93, a level 2 alarm is input to the early warning unit 7. When the early warning unit 7 receives the level 2 alarm, it will send an early warning message to the user's mobile phone within a circular area with a radius of 1.5L and a monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower 3. The frequency of the message is once every 12 hours.

[0049] When the first outbreak probability K1, the second outbreak probability K2 and the third outbreak probability K3 all exceed 0.90, a level one alarm is input into the early warning unit 7. When the early warning unit 7 receives the level one alarm, the early warning unit 7 will call the user's mobile phone in a circular area with a radius of 1.5L and the monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower 3, and play the early warning voice after the call is connected, with a frequency of once every 6 hours.

[0050] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring and early warning system for high-risk areas of mountain torrents and debris flows, comprising a main server (1), a data acquisition module (2) and a signal transmission tower (3), characterized in that: The main server (1) is installed with monitoring and early warning software (4), and the monitoring and early warning software (4) is provided with a data processing unit (5), a level judgment unit (6), and an early warning unit (7). The data acquisition module (2) comprises a detection sensor group (202) fixedly connected to the inside of the protective shell (201), a fixing anchor (203) fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the protective shell (201), a wireless signal transmitter (204) fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell (201), and a battery (205) installed inside the protective shell (201); The specific analysis steps of the data processing unit (5) are: S1, the signal transmission tower (3) inputs the data collected by the data acquisition module (2) into the monitoring and early warning software (4) installed in the main server (1) through the 5G signal network, and the data processing unit (5) in the monitoring and early warning software (4) downloads the satellite cloud map of the monitoring area from the network, and counts the number of cumulonimbus clouds above the monitoring area within a specified time, calculates the stimulated rainfall using the stimulated rainfall formula, and calculates the early warning rainfall of the area by substituting the stimulated rainfall into the early warning rainfall formula, and substituting the actual rainfall detected by the rainfall sensor into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual rainfall; S2, the data processing unit (5) retrieves a topographic map of the detection area, obtains the vertical drop ratio, resistance coefficient, hydraulic radius and mountain torrent flow coefficient of the monitoring area by measuring the topographic map, calculates the predicted flow velocity of the debris flow in the monitoring area using the flow velocity formula, and calculates the predicted pore water pressure using the mountain torrent debris flow severity formula, and substitutes the actual pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor into the average value calculation formula to obtain the average actual pore water pressure; S3, the data processing unit (5) collects the surrounding sound waveforms from the detection sensor group (202), removes background noise features from the waveform image, obtains the impact image waveform, extracts the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform, and brings the characteristic frequency into the sound wave impact energy formula to obtain the energy coefficient of the sound wave and the impact energy ratio; S4, the data processing unit (5) inputs the predicted flow rate into the kinetic energy calculation formula Where Gc is the weight of the mountain torrent debris flow, ms is the resistance coefficient, and h is the radius of the debris flow. The predicted kinetic energy of the debris flow is calculated and then input into the range calculation formula Where ms is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of the debris flow, and L is the flow distance of the debris flow. The predicted flow range of the debris flow is calculated.

2. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main server (1) and the data acquisition module (2) are connected to the signal transmission tower (3) via a 5G data network, and the detection sensor group (202) and the wireless signal transmitter (204) are electrically connected to the battery (205) via a wire.

3. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1 is characterized by: The detection sensor group (202) includes a rainfall sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a GPS locator, and an acoustic wave collector. The protective shell (201) is made of stainless steel. A protective cover is installed on the top of the protective shell (201) at a position corresponding to the wireless signal transmitter (204), and the protective cover is made of a wave-transmitting material.

4. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific analysis process of the level judgment unit (6) is as follows: the data processing unit (5) inputs the processed warning rainfall, warning pore water pressure, acoustic wave energy coefficient and impact energy ratio into the level judgment unit (6); the level judgment unit (6) puts the warning rainfall and the excitation rainfall into the first probability formula to calculate the first outbreak probability; then puts the warning pore water pressure and the data of the pore water pressure sensor into the second probability formula to calculate the second outbreak probability; then inputs the acoustic wave energy coefficient and the impact energy ratio into the third probability formula to calculate the third outbreak probability; when any one of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceeds 0.95, a third-level alarm is input into the warning unit (7); when any two of the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability exceed 0.93, a second-level alarm is input into the warning unit (7); when the first outbreak probability, the second outbreak probability and the third outbreak probability all exceed 0.90, a first-level alarm is input into the warning unit (7).

5. The system for monitoring and early warning of high-risk areas of mountain torrents and debris flows according to claim 1 is characterized by: The specific analysis steps of the early warning unit (7) are as follows: when the early warning unit (7) receives a third-level alarm, the early warning unit (7) will send early warning information to television stations and radio stations within a circular area with a radius of L and a monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower (3), and the frequency is once every 24 hours; when the early warning unit (7) receives a second-level alarm, the early warning unit (7) will send early warning information to user mobile phones within a circular area with a radius of 1.5L and a monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower (3), and the frequency is once every 12 hours; when the early warning unit (7) receives a first-level alarm, the early warning unit (7) will call user mobile phones within a circular area with a radius of 1.5L and a monitoring area as the center through the signal transmission tower (3), and play early warning voice after the call is connected, and the frequency is once every 6 hours.

6. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for the stimulated rainfall in S1 is: The warning rainfall formula is: Among them, Rstim is the stimulated rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, Ralarm is the warning rainfall, the unit is mm / 10min, S is the number of cumulonimbus clouds above within the specified time, and Rt is the annual average rainfall in the monitoring area, the unit is mm / 10min.

7. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate formula in S2 is: The formula for the severity of mountain torrents and debris flows is: Where V c is the predicted velocity of debris flow, G c Severe mountain torrents and debris flows, m s is the resistance coefficient, h is the radius of debris flow, I c is the vertical drop ratio, γ w is the weight of water, is the mountain torrent discharge coefficient, G c 、m s , h and All are determined according to the hydraulic calculation method, P c is the predicted pore water pressure.

8. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 1 is characterized by: The formula for the acoustic wave impact energy in S3 is: where r s1 is the impact energy ratio, e ∫ is the acoustic wave energy coefficient, f is the characteristic frequency of the impact waveform, E(f) is the energy spectrum of the frequency, f 1a is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually taken as 0.05, f 1b is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of debris flow impact signal, usually 3, f sa is the lower boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 300, f sb It is the upper boundary value of the characteristic frequency domain range of the water flow impact signal, usually 600.

9. The system for monitoring and warning areas with high risk of flash floods and debris flows according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first probability formula is: where R 实 is the average actual rainfall in mm / 10min. The second probability formula is: Where P is the average actual pore water pressure, and the third probability formula is:

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