Coal mine multi-disaster risk fusion early warning system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a coal mine multi-disaster risk fusion early warning system and method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety. According to the invention, the multi-disaster risk information acquisition and storage subsystem acquires disaster monitoring and detection information from the outside for the multi-disaster risk fusion early-warning analysis service subsystem to use, and regularly generates disaster risk assessment, prediction and early-warning information, linkage control strategy and emergency disposal suggestion information; the multi-disaster risk fusion early-warning visualization subsystem is used for providing multi-disaster risk fusion early-warning visualization display and user interaction functions for an early-warning system, and sending a linkage control strategy and emergency disposal suggestion information to the outside; the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management module provides basic data maintenance, security situation assessment index management, early warning linkage scheme configuration, system operation parameter configuration and operation state monitoring for the early warning system. The coal mine safety is maintained through multi-disaster risk grading management and control, fusion analysis, advanced early warning and auxiliary decision making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and relates to a coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system and method. Background Art

[0002] The country is currently vigorously promoting the development of intelligent coal mines, improving the informatization, automation, and intelligence of coal mine safety production systems. This will reduce the number of workers underground, especially in high-risk areas, and reduce their workload. Intelligent coal mine disaster prevention and control is not only a key component of intelligent development, but also a safety guarantee for the intelligent development of other systems and daily operations. Most domestic coal mines are subject to a combination of hazards, including gas, flooding, fire, roof collapse, rock burst, and dust. Disaster prevention and control measures are complex, severely disrupting the continuity of mining and production operations and restricting the release of coal production capacity.

[0003] The various disasters faced by coal mines are complex due to their causal mechanisms. A single factor can lead to multiple disasters, one disaster can trigger another, and two disasters can even couple to form a third. Relying solely on the experience of industry experts or disaster monitoring information, it is difficult to fully grasp the process of disaster generation, development, and development. Therefore, when developing safe and effective disaster prevention and control measures, we should utilize new-generation information technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, combined with the results of disaster mechanism analysis conducted by industry experts, to comprehensively understand the characteristics of major mine disasters, provide alarms for abnormal monitoring parameters, provide advanced warnings for single-type disasters, and provide early warnings for the transformation risks of coupled disasters. To improve coal mine multi-hazard risk management and control capabilities, including hierarchical management, integrated analysis, advanced warning, and decision-making support, and to rapidly generate coordinated multi-hazard prevention and control measures, we must conduct in-depth research on coal mine multi-hazard risk management and integrated early warning systems and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system and method.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system, the early warning system includes: a multi-hazard risk information collection and storage subsystem, a multi-hazard risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem, a multi-hazard risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem, and a multi-hazard risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem, wherein:

[0007] The multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem collects various disaster monitoring information from the outside and transmits it to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem for fusion warning analysis; the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem regularly generates various disaster risk assessment, prediction and warning information, linkage control strategy and emergency response recommendation information based on the received various disaster monitoring information, and transmits the warning analysis results to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem; the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem visualizes the various disaster risk assessment, prediction and warning information, and sends linkage control strategy and emergency response recommendation information to the outside. Users interact with the warning system through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem; according to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning operation and maintenance management module, the warning system performs basic data maintenance, security situation assessment indicator management, warning linkage plan configuration, system operation parameter configuration and operation status monitoring.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module, a multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, a multi-disaster risk information collection database, and a multi-disaster risk information publishing module. Among them, the multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module collects the original monitoring information of each external monitoring system, and passes the original monitoring information to the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module for analysis, and stores it in the multi-disaster risk information collection database. The multi-disaster risk information publishing module receives HTTP or HTTPS requests, extracts the required information from the multi-disaster risk basic information database, and returns it to the visitor in the form of a Web API response.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-hazard risk information collection and transmission module collects information on gas, water, fire, roof, rock burst, and dust disaster monitoring and early warning, mine mining space information, underground personnel distribution and trajectory information, and key area video surveillance information from the coal mine safety comprehensive monitoring system, gas disaster monitoring and early warning system, mine water quality monitoring and analysis system, mine hydrological monitoring and early warning system, goaf bundle pipe monitoring and early warning system, belt conveyor fire monitoring and early warning system, roof and surrounding rock monitoring and early warning system, rock burst monitoring and early warning system, dust monitoring and spray dust suppression system, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation system, mine transparent geological support system, industrial video surveillance system, coal mine personnel positioning system, underground broadcast communication system, ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, gas extraction monitoring system, mine drainage monitoring system, and nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system through the coal mine safety monitoring network, video surveillance network, and office LAN.

[0010] The multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module is connected to the multi-disaster risk basic information collection and transmission module, and is used to extract disaster risk information from various disaster monitoring and surveillance systems, various disaster environmental parameter detection instruments, risk control and hidden danger management systems, and transparent geological support systems, and to parse, screen, classify, convert and store various types of disaster risk information according to disaster classification, mining operation area, and disaster category; the multi-disaster risk information collection database is used to accept calls from the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, and to classify and store various disaster risk warning basic information, and provide external data sharing access interfaces.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, a multi-disaster comprehensive hierarchical alarm monitoring module, a key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database, a multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module, a zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module, and a multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module.

[0012] Furthermore, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library is used to store the assessment, prediction and warning indicator system and identification model required for multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, and fusion warning, extracted after domain expert reasoning and data learning training;

[0013] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module obtains multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, fusion warning indicator system and identification model information from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library on demand, and calls the multi-disaster risk basic information sharing and publishing module to obtain the monitoring and warning information of each single disaster on a regular basis;

[0014] The multi-disaster integrated graded alarm monitoring module is used to perform multi-disaster classification and graded alarm identification, alarm information generation and release. The multi-disaster risk early warning basic information release module regularly obtains the real-time monitoring information and monitoring history information of each disaster, and compares it with the multi-disaster classification and graded alarm rules stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning database. If the monitoring value exceeds the range allowed by the disaster monitoring alarm rules, the multi-disaster classification and graded alarm event information is generated and saved to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning release database;

[0015] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning module for key areas regularly obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone, classification and grading through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module. It also generates the multi-disaster risk comprehensive assessment and fusion warning information of key areas from the multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction model and fusion warning model loaded from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, and saves it to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database; the key areas include the mining working face, conveyor belt, and electromechanical chamber area;

[0016] The data processing process of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning module for key areas is as follows: first, real-time monitoring data and historical data are regularly obtained from multiple disaster sources, the collected raw data are classified and standardized by region and type, and the integrated data are stored in a dedicated database; then, a machine learning model or a deep learning model is used to build a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning model for multi-disaster prediction, while the model is trained with historical data to identify the relationship and synergy between disasters; the standardized disaster monitoring data of each area is combined with the weight to obtain a comprehensive risk score, and each area is divided into low, medium, and high risk levels according to the score results; the comprehensive risk score is compared with the pre-set threshold to determine whether to enter the alarm state;

[0017] The mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone classification and grading through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning data loading module at regular intervals. It comprehensively analyzes the multi-hazard fusion warning information of all key areas of the mine, the multi-hazard monitoring and warning information of other areas, and the importance of each area on the mine disaster risk, generates the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning information, and saves it to the multi-hazard risk fusion warning release database;

[0018] The data processing process of the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module is as follows: first, the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module needs to obtain data from various disaster monitoring systems; the timed loading data includes: disaster monitoring information, parameter detection information, disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information, among which the disaster monitoring information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; parameter detection information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information includes graded information on disaster risks in various regions; after the data is loaded, the multi-hazard risk fusion warning analysis module begins to process and analyze the loaded disaster information, and calculates the disaster risk based on the mine's geographic information, historical disaster data, and real-time monitoring data. Measure data, identify and analyze key areas within the mine, classify and grade each area according to the possibility of disaster occurrence, historical frequency and severity of disaster warning, and generate the disaster risk level of the area. Then conduct a comprehensive analysis and joint impact analysis of different disasters occurring in each key area, and perform weighted fusion based on the probability of occurrence and impact of different disasters to obtain a comprehensive disaster warning risk assessment for each area. Finally, conduct a correlation analysis between the disaster risk level of each area and the overall disaster risk of the mine, and comprehensively consider the impact of each area on the overall safety of the mine based on the severity of the disaster type in each area, the importance of the disaster impact, the key infrastructure in the area, the probability and frequency of disaster occurrence, and the impact of each area on the overall safety of the mine.

[0019] The mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module regularly obtains various basic information that affects the risk situation through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning data loading module, loads and calculates the multi-hazard risk situation assessment indicators through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning indicator model library, and further comprehensively calculates and generates the mine multi-hazard risk assessment value. According to the risk assessment classification rules, the multi-hazard risk situation assessment results are divided into four levels: slight risk, general risk, greater risk, and severe risk, and are saved in the multi-hazard risk fusion warning release database; among them, the various basic information that affects the risk situation includes various types of disaster inherent attribute risk factors, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors;

[0020] By evaluating various risk factors and integrating the risk assessment values ​​of each risk factor according to certain rules, the multi-hazard risk assessment value of the mine is finally calculated:

[0021] R total =w1·R disaster +w2·R env +w3·R governance +w3·R management +w5·R personnel

[0022] Among them, R disaster ,R env ,R governance ,R managemen ,R personnel They represent the assessment values ​​of different risk factors, w1, w2, w3, w4, and w5 represent the weights of different factors;

[0023] Based on the level and timeliness of disaster warnings, warning information is released in real time to mine managers, various disaster emergency response teams, and relevant workers within the mine. High-risk disasters automatically trigger emergency response measures, while providing dynamic decision support based on warning information to help managers make response decisions.

[0024] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database is used to store the disaster comprehensive graded alarm information generated by the multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm monitoring module, the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning information generated by the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, and the multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction module;

[0025] The multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of disasters that are expected to occur or have already occurred, tracing their sources and finding the direct and root causes of the disasters. Based on the multi-disaster early warning results, it uses the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning data loading module to obtain the direct or indirect correlation between a certain type of disaster and its multiple causes on demand. Through probabilistic reasoning, it calculates the top three disaster-causing factors with the highest cumulative probability, and generates disaster prevention recommendations for a certain type of disaster based on the disaster cause expression template stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning release database.

[0026] The zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module is used to guide the rapid evacuation of underground personnel based on the multi-disaster early warning result information, the expected or existing disaster accident level, and the user-customized linkage control strategy. It communicates with underground facilities and equipment to generate a control strategy for the disaster prevention system. The linkage control strategy generated by the zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module can be visualized by the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem for linkage control. Among them, the underground facilities and equipment include: underground broadcast communication equipment, personnel positioning equipment, and individual equipment. The disaster prevention system includes: ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, gas extraction monitoring system, mine drainage control system, and nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system.

[0027] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module is used to receive calls from other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem, and release multi-disaster real-time monitoring and surveillance information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information for key areas, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information for mines, multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information for mines, and zoning and graded linkage control information through Web API and message queue communication methods.

[0028] Furthermore, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning one-picture display module, a multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module, a multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module, a multi-disaster risk situation visualization module, a multi-disaster early warning linkage disposal module, a multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module, and a zoning and graded collaborative control visualization module.

[0029] Furthermore, the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization agent module is connected to the multi-hazard risk fusion warning information release module, and requests the information required for the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization on a regular basis or on demand, so that other modules can perform visualization display. The multi-hazard risk fusion warning one-picture display module is connected to the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization agent module, and requests the mine spatial element information on a regular basis through HTTP or HTTPS communication and performs visualization display in the form of a two-dimensional plane map or a three-dimensional scene map.

[0030] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module is used to obtain multi-disaster real-time monitoring information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in key areas, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in mines, multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction information in mines, and zoned and graded linkage control information on a regular or on-demand basis, and distribute it to other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem for visual display.

[0031] The multi-hazard risk fusion warning one-picture display module is used to provide a two-dimensional and three-dimensional map display environment for multi-hazard risk fusion warning, visually displaying spatial hazard sources, mining operation dynamics, and personnel work status, and provides a dynamic display and call interface for spatial elements of other modules of the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization subsystem;

[0032] The multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module is used to display disaster monitoring information, including an overview of each disaster monitoring information, abnormal monitoring point information, key monitoring points, and disaster prevention system status and working condition information;

[0033] The multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module is used to comprehensively display the alarm information of various disaster monitoring sensors and the affected area, including the current alarm area and the number of monitoring sensors, and the cumulative number of historical alarms of regional monitoring sensors;

[0034] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module is used to display real-time monitoring information from related monitoring sensors, multi-disaster risk classification warning information, regional multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, as well as information on personnel inside and outside the region, related disaster prevention system monitoring information, and emergency rescue material and equipment information by region;

[0035] The multi-hazard risk situation visualization module is used to display the operating status of each mine hazard monitoring system, the number of monitoring sensor alarms, the risk situation assessment and prediction index of each hazard, and the comprehensive assessment index of the mine multi-hazard risk situation;

[0036] The multi-disaster early warning and linkage disposal module is used to display disaster monitoring and perception, early warning analysis, linkage disposal plans, emergency communication equipment status information, as well as the status of monitoring sensors and power outage controllers associated with various disasters, and dynamically display the power outage control link diagram after a disaster early warning event occurs.

[0037] The multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module is used to display the disaster type of emergency response, the name of the risk area and the information of people inside and outside the area, the monitoring data and video surveillance images associated with the area, the interactive interface for disaster avoidance route planning, the emergency plan content and execution dynamics associated with the response disaster type, and the emergency rescue command system information after a disaster warning event occurs.

[0038] The zoned and hierarchical collaborative control visualization module is used to display the distribution information of personnel in the area and the affected area, the status or operating parameters of various disaster alarm and control systems in the area after a disaster warning event occurs. The alarm systems include the ground dispatching and command system, the underground broadcast communication system, and the personnel positioning system. The control systems include the ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, the gas extraction monitoring system, the mine drainage monitoring system, the nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system, and the spray dust reduction control system.

[0039] Furthermore, the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem includes a mine disaster basic information management module, a safety situation assessment indicator management module, a pre-alarm linkage plan management module, an emergency rescue information management module, a mine disaster prevention basic data management module, and a system parameter configuration monitoring module; each module of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem is connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library through HTTP or HTTPS communication, and loads various existing information from the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model for users to edit and maintain.

[0040] Furthermore, the mine disaster basic information management module is used to maintain and manage mine basic information, main coal seam information, main disaster information, main geological structure information, and mining working face information;

[0041] The safety situation assessment indicator management module is used to maintain and manage various basic indicator information required for the operation of the mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module. The basic indicator information includes indicator name, indicator description, indicator calculation method and indicator value. Each type of disaster includes inherent attribute risk factors, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors.

[0042] The pre-alarm linkage plan management module is used to maintain and manage the pre-alarm linkage plan information and linkage plan execution record information, where the pre-alarm linkage plan information includes the plan name, associated area name, associated disaster type, triggered pre-alarm level, triggering strategy, and plan configuration information.

[0043] The emergency rescue information management module is used to maintain and manage emergency plan information related to emergency rescue, emergency rescue expert information, emergency rescue agency personnel information, emergency rescue warehouse material information, and emergency rescue plan drill record information;

[0044] The mine disaster prevention basic data management module is used to maintain and manage the operating procedures of each mining face, mine one-way and three-prevention archive information, and ground measurement and water prevention archive information. The one-way and three-prevention archive information includes one-way and three-prevention technical documents, gas inspection reports, wind measurement reports, dust concentration measurement reports, drill cuttings measurement construction reports, and mine gas measurement reports.

[0045] The system parameter configuration monitoring module is used to maintain the user authority control and user operation log information required during the system operation, the pre-alarm SMS sending configuration, and the data collection status information of each disaster monitoring system. The pre-alarm SMS sending configuration includes SMS recipient information, SMS sending event information, SMS template grouping information, and SMS sending history record information.

[0046] The present invention also provides an early warning method based on the aforementioned coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. Regularly collect automatic monitoring information of various disasters, manual detection information, risk management and hidden danger investigation information, and transparent geological support information, and classify and identify disasters according to different types of disasters;

[0048] S2. Preprocess the collected raw data, standardize and normalize different types of monitoring data, and save the preprocessed data to the disaster risk information collection database;

[0049] S3. Based on the characteristics of different disasters, build their own risk assessment models, maintain basic information on mine disasters, safety situation assessment and prediction indicators, comprehensive disaster classification alarm information, disaster early warning linkage plan information, basic data on mine disaster prevention, emergency rescue management information, and system parameter configuration monitoring information as needed, and save up to a disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library;

[0050] S4. Regularly read the disaster monitoring information, disaster prevention system monitoring information, safety situation assessment indicator information, and multi-disaster fusion early warning indicator model information, and build a multi-disaster comprehensive assessment model by integrating the risk assessment results of multiple disasters;

[0051] S5. Based on real-time monitoring data, the system periodically reads disaster monitoring information. When the risk assessment value exceeds the set threshold, a multi-hazard zoning and classification alarm is issued according to coal mine safety regulations and related requirements. The system triggers an early warning mechanism and dynamically assesses the disaster risk of the coal mine.

[0052] S6. Divide the mine into several key monitoring areas based on its geographical layout, spatial distribution of operating areas, natural conditions, and operational risks. Use a centralized early warning model to comprehensively analyze the disaster-related data and early warning information collected in each key area. Use intelligent algorithms to integrate and assess multiple disaster risks, analyze the secondary disasters that may be induced by various primary disasters, and implement integrated early warnings for multiple disaster risks in key areas.

[0053] S7. Analyze multiple factors contributing to disasters based on historical disaster data and climate change models, trace the spatial distribution, occurrence time, and triggering factors of disasters, identify the root causes of disasters, and conduct disaster chain analysis, disaster source tracing and evolution analysis, multi-hazard interaction and coupling effect analysis, and scenario simulation.

[0054] S8. Conduct comprehensive assessment, prediction and early warning of mine multi-hazard risks based on multiple factors including inherent attributes of mine hazards, human factors, monitoring and surveillance system risks, emergency rescue risks, and disaster prevention capabilities;

[0055] S9. Develop a zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making strategy based on the characteristics and impact range of different disasters. Automatically link emergency broadcasting, personnel positioning, power supply systems, ventilation systems, drainage systems, and fire prevention and extinguishing systems. Through resource sharing, information exchange, and task allocation, collaborative control is implemented between different areas or levels within the zoning and hierarchical control framework, integrating local control strategies into global goals.

[0056] S10. Based on the results of multi-hazard risk assessment, early warning information is dynamically generated. Key information can be connected to personnel and equipment in real time, enabling instant communication of disaster monitoring and early warning information underground.

[0057] S11. Visualize spatial data of multiple disasters based on GIS, display the spatial distribution of different disasters, affected areas, intensity and scope of disaster risks, and display real-time disaster monitoring data, disaster warning information, and various real-time risk information and warning conditions of mines through the big data platform.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0059] This invention focuses on the key problems in the field of coal mine disaster monitoring and prevention, proposes a set of systematic solutions, and significantly improves the intelligent level of coal mine safety management.

[0060] To address the pain points of dispersed coal mine disaster monitoring information and the difficulty in unified management, this paper innovatively constructs a disaster metadata management method based on public data warehouse specifications. By establishing unified data collection standards and interface protocols, this method enables standardized access and integration of multi-source, heterogeneous monitoring data. Leveraging the data warehouse's layered storage architecture, a full lifecycle management model covering data collection, transmission, storage, analysis, and application is established, effectively resolving the issue of information silos and providing solid data support for disaster warning and decision-making.

[0061] For the dynamic assessment of mine disaster risk, this paper proposes a dynamic assessment model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This model constructs a multi-level indicator system, quantifies the weights of various disaster-causing factors, and integrates real-time monitoring data to achieve periodic dynamic assessment of safety status. Compared with traditional static assessment methods, its results are more timely and accurate, providing a scientific basis for mine safety management and control.

[0062] To address the complexity of disaster monitoring in key mining areas, this paper has developed a fusion early warning technology based on Bayesian networks. By constructing a multi-hazard coupled early warning indicator system and utilizing Bayesian networks for probabilistic reasoning, this technology effectively addresses the problem of false alarms and missed alerts caused by redundant and missing monitoring information. This technology can accurately characterize the evolution of disasters within mining working faces, providing quantitative decision-making support for production intensity adjustments and significantly improving the reliability and practicality of disaster early warnings.

[0063] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0067] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0068] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0069] See also Figure 1 , which is a coal mine multi-hazard risk integrated early warning system and method.

[0070] Example

[0071] This embodiment first provides a detailed structure of a coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem, and a multi-disaster risk fusion warning operation and maintenance management subsystem.

[0072] Specifically, the multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem collects various disaster monitoring information from the outside for use by the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem. The multi-disaster risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem regularly generates various disaster risk assessment, prediction and early warning information, linkage control strategies and emergency response recommendation information, and pushes them to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem to provide it with multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization display, user interaction, and external sending of linkage control strategies and emergency response recommendation information. The multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management module provides the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning system with basic data maintenance, safety situation assessment indicator management, early warning linkage plan configuration, system operation parameter configuration and operation status monitoring and other supporting functions.

[0073] The multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module, a multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, a multi-disaster risk information collection database, and a multi-disaster risk information release module.

[0074] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module collects gas, water, fire, roof, impact ground pressure, dust and other disaster monitoring and early warning information, mine mining space information, underground personnel distribution and trajectory information, and key area video surveillance information from the coal mine safety comprehensive monitoring system, gas disaster monitoring and early warning system, mine water quality monitoring and analysis system, mine hydrological monitoring and early warning system, goaf bundle pipe monitoring and early warning system, belt conveyor fire monitoring and early warning system, roof and surrounding rock monitoring and early warning system, impact ground pressure monitoring and early warning system, dust monitoring and spray dust reduction system, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation system, mine transparent geological support system, industrial video surveillance system, coal mine personnel positioning system, underground broadcast communication system, ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, gas extraction monitoring system, mine drainage monitoring system, nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system through the coal mine safety monitoring network, video surveillance network, and office LAN.

[0075] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module is connected to the multi-disaster risk basic information collection and transmission module, and is used to extract disaster risk information from various disaster monitoring and surveillance systems, various disaster environmental parameter detection instruments, risk control and hidden danger management systems, and transparent geological support systems, and to parse, screen, classify, convert and store various types of disaster risk information according to disaster classification, mining operation area, and disaster category.

[0076] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk information collection database is used to accept the call of the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, classify and store the basic information of each disaster risk warning, and provide a data sharing access interface to the outside world.

[0077] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk information publishing module accepts HTTP or HTTPS requests, extracts required information from the multi-disaster risk basic information database, and returns it to the visitor in the form of a Web API response.

[0078] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, a multi-disaster comprehensive hierarchical alarm monitoring module, a key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database, a multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module, a zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module, and a multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module.

[0079] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library is used to store the assessment, prediction and warning indicator system and identification model required for multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, and fusion warning extracted after domain expert reasoning and data learning training.

[0080] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module obtains multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, fusion warning indicator system and identification model information from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library on demand, and calls the multi-disaster risk basic information sharing and publishing module to regularly obtain each single disaster monitoring and warning information; the multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, fusion warning indicator system and identification model information resides in the computer program memory space, providing multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction indicator calculation rules and multi-disaster risk fusion warning processing and identification criteria for other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem; each single disaster monitoring and warning information only retains historical monitoring and warning information.

[0081] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm monitoring module is used to perform multi-disaster classification and grading alarm identification, alarm information generation and release. Through the multi-disaster risk warning basic information release module, the real-time monitoring information and monitoring history information of each disaster are obtained at regular intervals, and compared with the multi-disaster classification and grading alarm rules stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion warning database. If the monitoring value range allowed by the disaster monitoring alarm rules is exceeded, the multi-disaster classification and grading alarm event information is generated and saved in the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database.

[0082] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning module for key areas regularly obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone classification and grading through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, and loads the multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction model and fusion warning model from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library to generate a comprehensive assessment and fusion warning information of multi-disaster risks in key areas such as mining working faces, transport belts, and electromechanical chambers, and saves it to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database to facilitate users to grasp the overall disaster risk situation in key areas. The data processing process of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning module in key areas is as follows: first, regularly obtain real-time monitoring data and historical data from multiple disaster sources, classify and standardize the collected raw data by region and type, and store the integrated data in a special database; then use machine learning models or deep learning models to build a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning model for multi-disaster prediction, and use historical data to train the model to identify the relationship and synergy between disasters; combine the standardized disaster monitoring data of each area with the weight to obtain a comprehensive risk score, and divide each area into low, medium and high risk levels according to the scoring results; compare the comprehensive risk score with the pre-set threshold to determine whether to enter the alarm state.

[0083] In this embodiment, the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone classification and grading through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module at regular intervals, comprehensively analyzes the multi-disaster fusion warning information of all key areas of the mine, the multi-disaster monitoring and warning information of other areas, and the importance of the impact of each area on the mine disaster risk, generates the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, and saves it to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database to provide information support for the formulation of monthly mine disaster comprehensive prevention and control measures and annual disaster prevention and control plans.

[0084] The data processing process of the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module is as follows: first, the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module needs to obtain data from various disaster monitoring systems. The regularly loaded data includes: disaster monitoring information, parameter detection information, disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information, among which the disaster monitoring information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; parameter detection information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information includes graded information on disaster risks in various areas, such as the division of high-risk areas, medium-risk areas, and low-risk areas, as well as the warning level of specific disaster types; after the data is loaded, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis module begins to process and analyze the loaded disaster information, and identifies and analyzes the mine according to the mine's geographic information, historical disaster data, and real-time monitoring data. For key areas within the mine, each area is classified and graded according to the possibility of disaster occurrence, historical frequency and severity of disaster warning, and the disaster risk level of the area is generated. A comprehensive analysis and joint impact analysis are conducted on the different disasters occurring in each key area. According to the probability of occurrence and impact of different disasters, weighted fusion is performed to obtain a comprehensive risk assessment of disaster warning for each area. Finally, the disaster risk level of each area is correlated with the overall disaster risk of the mine. According to the severity of the disaster type in each area, the importance of the disaster impact, the key infrastructure in the area, the probability and frequency of disaster occurrence, and the impact of each area on the overall safety of the mine are comprehensively considered.

[0085] Comprehensive Assessment Information Processing: Based on the level and timeliness of disaster warnings, warning information is disseminated in real time to mine management, emergency response teams, and relevant mine personnel. High-risk disasters automatically trigger emergency response measures, while dynamic decision support based on warning information is provided to help management make appropriate responses.

[0086] In this embodiment, the mine multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction module regularly obtains various basic information affecting the risk situation, such as inherent attribute risk factors of various disasters, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors, through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, loads and calculates the multi-disaster risk situation assessment indicators through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, and further comprehensively calculates and generates the mine multi-disaster risk assessment value. According to the risk assessment classification rules, the multi-disaster risk situation assessment results are divided into four levels: minor risk, general risk, greater risk, and severe risk, and saved to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database.

[0087] In the mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module, various basic information affecting the risk situation include inherent attribute risk factors of various disasters, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors;

[0088] The risk assessment value is calculated by evaluating various risk factors and combining the risk assessment values ​​of each risk factor according to certain rules to ultimately calculate the multi-hazard risk assessment value of the mine. This assessment value reflects the overall risk level that the mine may face at a specific moment. The comprehensive risk assessment formula is as follows:

[0089] R total =w1·R disaster +w2·R env +w3·R governance +w3·R management +w5·R personnel

[0090] Among them, R disaster ,R env ,R governance ,R managemen ,R personnel They represent the assessment values ​​of different risk factors respectively, and w1, w2, w3, w4, and w5 represent the weights of different factors.

[0091] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database is used to store the disaster comprehensive graded alarm information generated by the multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm monitoring module, the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning information generated by the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, the mine multi-disaster fusion warning information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, and the multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction module, so that the multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module can read and release it on demand.

[0092] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the disasters that are expected to occur or have occurred, trace their sources, find the direct and root causes of the disasters, and thus guide the rapid and efficient management of disasters and minimize disaster losses. Based on the multi-disaster early warning result information, this module obtains the direct or indirect correlation between a certain type of disaster and its multiple causes on demand through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, calculates the top three disaster-causing factors with the highest cumulative probability through probabilistic reasoning, and generates disaster prevention recommendations for a certain type of disaster based on the disaster cause expression template stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database. These recommendations are read and released on demand by the multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module.

[0093] In this embodiment, the zoned and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module is used to carry out linkage communication of underground broadcast communication equipment, personnel positioning equipment, individual equipment and other facilities and equipment according to the multi-disaster early warning result information, the expected or occurred disaster accident level, and the linkage control strategy customized by the user, so as to guide the rapid evacuation of underground personnel, and to generate control strategies for disaster prevention systems such as ventilation parameter monitoring and control systems, gas extraction monitoring systems, mine drainage control systems, nitrogen injection and grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control systems to reduce the degree of disaster risk. The module is also characterized in that the linkage control strategies it generates can also be used for linkage control visualization display of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem.

[0094] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module is used to receive calls from other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem, and release multi-disaster real-time monitoring and surveillance information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, mine multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information, and zoning and graded linkage control information through communication methods such as Web API and message queues.

[0095] The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning one-picture display module, a multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module, a multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module, a multi-disaster risk situation visualization module, a multi-disaster early warning linkage disposal module, a multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module, and a zoning and graded collaborative control visualization module.

[0096] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module is connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module, and requests the information required for the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization on a regular basis or on demand for visualization display by other modules; the multi-disaster risk fusion warning one-picture display module is connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module, and requests the mine spatial element information on a regular basis through HTTP or HTTPS communication and visualizes it in the form of a two-dimensional plane map or a three-dimensional scene map.

[0097] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module is used to obtain multi-disaster real-time monitoring information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in key areas, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in mines, multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction information in mines, and regional and graded linkage control information on a regular or on-demand basis, and distribute it to other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem for visual display.

[0098] In this embodiment, a one-picture display module for the multi-disaster risk fusion warning is used to provide a two- or three-dimensional map display environment for the multi-disaster risk fusion warning, provide a spatial location background for the visual display of spatial hazard sources, mining operation dynamics, and personnel work status, and provide a spatial element dynamic display call interface for other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem.

[0099] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module is used to comprehensively display disaster monitoring information such as gas, water, fire, roof, impact ground pressure, dust, etc., including an overview of each disaster monitoring information, abnormal monitoring point information, key monitoring points, disaster prevention system status and working condition information, etc.

[0100] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module is used to comprehensively display the alarms of various disaster monitoring sensors and the alarm information of the affected area, including the current alarm area and the number of monitoring sensors, the cumulative number of historical alarms of regional monitoring sensors, and other information.

[0101] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module is used to display the real-time monitoring information of related monitoring sensors, multi-disaster risk classification warning information, regional multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, as well as personnel information inside and outside the region, related disaster prevention system monitoring information, and emergency rescue material and equipment information by region.

[0102] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster risk situation visualization module is used to display the operating status of each disaster monitoring system in the mine, the number of monitoring sensor alarms, the risk situation assessment and prediction index of each disaster, and the comprehensive assessment index of the multi-disaster risk situation in the mine, so as to facilitate users to fully understand the disaster risk situation in the mine.

[0103] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster early warning linkage disposal module is used to display disaster information such as monitoring perception, analysis of early warning, linkage disposal plan, emergency communication equipment status, etc. after a disaster early warning event occurs, as well as the status of monitoring sensors and power-off controllers associated with various disasters, and dynamically display the power-off control link diagram.

[0104] In this embodiment, the multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module is used to display the disaster type of emergency response, the name of the risk area and the information of people inside and outside the area, the monitoring data and video surveillance images associated with the area, the disaster avoidance route planning interactive interface, the emergency plan content and execution dynamics associated with the response disaster type, the emergency rescue command system and other information after a disaster warning event occurs.

[0105] In this embodiment, the zoned and hierarchical collaborative control visualization module is used to display the distribution information of personnel in the area and the affected area, the status or operating parameters of various disaster alarm and control systems in the area after a disaster pre-alarm event occurs. The alarm systems include ground dispatching and command systems, underground broadcast communication systems, and personnel positioning systems. The control systems include ventilation parameter monitoring and control systems, gas extraction monitoring systems, mine drainage monitoring systems, nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control systems, spray dust reduction control systems, etc.

[0106] The multi-disaster risk integrated early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem includes a mine disaster basic information management module, a safety situation assessment indicator management module, a pre-alarm linkage plan management module, an emergency rescue information management module, a mine disaster prevention basic data management module, and a system parameter configuration monitoring module.

[0107] The above modules are all connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library through HTTP or HTTPS communication, and load various existing information from the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model for users to edit and maintain.

[0108] In this embodiment, the mine disaster basic information management module is used to maintain and manage mine basic information, main coal seam information, main disaster information, main geological structure information, mining working face information, etc.

[0109] In this embodiment, the safety situation assessment index management module is used to maintain and manage various basic indicator information required for the operation of the mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module, including indicator name, indicator description, indicator calculation method and indicator value. Each type of disaster includes five types of indicators: inherent attribute risk factors, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors.

[0110] In this embodiment, the pre-alarm linkage plan management module is used to maintain and manage the pre-alarm linkage plan information and linkage plan execution record information, wherein the pre-alarm linkage plan information includes the plan name, associated area name, associated disaster type, triggered pre-alarm level, triggering strategy, and plan configuration information.

[0111] In this embodiment, the emergency rescue information management module is used to maintain and manage emergency plan information, emergency rescue expert information, emergency rescue agency personnel information, emergency rescue warehouse material information, and emergency rescue plan drill record information related to emergency rescue.

[0112] In this embodiment, the mine disaster prevention basic data management module is used to maintain and manage the operating procedure information of each mining working face, the mine's one-ventilation and three-prevention archive information, and the ground measurement and water prevention archive information. The one-ventilation and three-prevention archive information includes one-ventilation and three-prevention technical documents, gas inspection reports, wind measurement reports, dust concentration measurement reports, drill cuttings measurement construction reports, and mine gas measurement reports.

[0113] In this embodiment, the system parameter configuration monitoring module is used to maintain the user authority control and user operation log information required during the system operation, the pre-alarm SMS sending configuration, and the data collection status information of each disaster monitoring system. The pre-alarm SMS sending configuration includes SMS receiving personnel information, SMS sending event information, SMS template grouping information, SMS sending history record information, etc.

[0114] This embodiment also provides an early warning method based on the aforementioned coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system, which includes the following steps:

[0115] S1. Regularly collect automatic monitoring information, manual detection information, risk management and hidden danger investigation information, and transparent geological support information on various types of disasters such as mine gas, water disasters, fire, roof, rock burst, dust, etc., and classify and identify disasters according to different types of disasters.

[0116] S2. Preprocess the collected raw data, including denoising, data cleaning, missing value filling, etc., standardize and normalize different types of monitoring data, and save the preprocessed data to the disaster risk information collection database;

[0117] S3. Based on the characteristics of different disasters, build their own risk assessment models, maintain basic information on mine disasters, safety situation assessment and prediction indicators, comprehensive disaster classification alarm information, disaster early warning linkage plan information, basic data on mine disaster prevention, emergency rescue management information, and system parameter configuration monitoring information as needed, and save up to a disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library;

[0118] S4. Regularly read the disaster monitoring information, disaster prevention system monitoring information, safety situation assessment indicator information, and multi-disaster fusion early warning indicator model information, and build a multi-disaster comprehensive assessment model by integrating the risk assessment results of multiple disasters;

[0119] S5. Based on real-time monitoring data, the disaster monitoring information is read regularly. When the risk assessment value exceeds the set threshold, multiple disaster zoning, classification and grading alarms are carried out according to the coal mine safety regulations and related requirements. The system triggers the early warning mechanism and dynamically assesses the disaster risk of the coal mine.

[0120] S6. Divide the mine into several key monitoring areas based on its geographical layout, spatial distribution of operating areas, natural conditions, and operational risks. Use an integrated early warning model to comprehensively analyze the disaster-related data and early warning information collected in each key area. Use intelligent algorithms to conduct a fusion assessment of multiple disaster risks, analyze the secondary disasters that may be induced by various primary disasters, and implement integrated early warning of multiple disaster risks in key areas.

[0121] S7. By analyzing the multiple factors that lead to disasters based on historical disaster data and climate change models, we can trace the spatial distribution, occurrence time and causes of disasters, identify the root causes of disasters, conduct disaster chain analysis, disaster source tracing and evolution analysis, multi-disaster interaction and coupling effect analysis and scenario simulation.

[0122] S8. Carry out comprehensive assessment, prediction and early warning of mine multi-hazard risks based on multiple factors such as the inherent attributes of mine hazards, human factors, monitoring and surveillance system risks, emergency rescue risks, and disaster prevention capabilities.

[0123] S9. Based on the characteristics and impact range of different disasters, formulate zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making strategies, automatically link emergency broadcasting, personnel positioning, power supply system, ventilation system, drainage system, fire prevention and extinguishing system and other related prevention and control systems, through reasonable resource sharing, information exchange and task allocation, in the zoning and hierarchical control framework, collaborative control usually occurs between different areas or levels, ensuring that local control strategies can serve the global goals.

[0124] S10. Based on the results of multi-hazard risk assessment, early warning information is dynamically generated. Key information can be interconnected in real time with emergency broadcasts, visual display screens, smart phones, smart helmets, smart mining lamps and other personnel equipment to achieve instant underground communication of disaster monitoring and early warning information.

[0125] S11. Visualize spatial data of multiple disasters based on GIS, display the spatial distribution of different disasters, affected areas, intensity and scope of disaster risks, and display real-time disaster monitoring data, disaster warning information, and various real-time risk information and warning conditions of mines through the big data platform.

[0126] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine multi-hazard risk integrated early warning system, characterized by: The early warning system includes a multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem, a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem, a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem, and a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem. Among them, the multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem collects various disaster monitoring information from the outside and transmits it to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem for integrated early warning analysis; the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning analysis service subsystem regularly generates various disaster risk assessment, prediction and early warning information, linkage control strategy and emergency response recommendation information based on the received various disaster monitoring information, and transmits the early warning analysis results to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem; the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem visualizes the various disaster risk assessment, prediction and early warning information, and sends linkage control strategy and emergency response recommendation information to the outside. Users interact with the early warning system through the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem; according to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management module, the early warning system performs basic data maintenance, security situation assessment indicator management, early warning linkage plan configuration, system operation parameter configuration and operation status monitoring.

2. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-disaster risk information collection and storage subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module, a multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, a multi-disaster risk information collection database, and a multi-disaster risk information release module. Among them, the multi-disaster risk information collection and transmission module collects the original monitoring information of each external monitoring system, and passes the original monitoring information to the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module for analysis, and stores it in the multi-disaster risk information collection database. The multi-disaster risk information release module receives HTTP or HTTPS requests, extracts the required information from the multi-disaster risk basic information database, and returns it to the visitor in the form of a Web API response.

3. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-hazard risk information collection and transmission module collects information on gas, water, fire, roof, rock burst, and dust disasters, as well as mine mining space information, underground personnel distribution and trajectory information, and video surveillance information of key areas from the coal mine safety comprehensive monitoring system, gas disaster monitoring and early warning system, mine water quality monitoring and analysis system, mine hydrological monitoring and early warning system, goaf bundle pipe monitoring and early warning system, belt conveyor fire monitoring and early warning system, roof and surrounding rock monitoring and early warning system, rock burst monitoring and early warning system, dust monitoring and spray dust suppression system, risk assessment and hidden danger investigation system, mine transparent geological support system, industrial video surveillance system, coal mine personnel positioning system, underground broadcast communication system, ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, gas extraction monitoring system, mine drainage monitoring system, and nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system through the coal mine safety monitoring network, video surveillance network, and office LAN. The multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module is connected to the multi-disaster risk basic information collection and transmission module, and is used to extract disaster risk information from various disaster monitoring systems, various disaster environmental parameter detection instruments, risk control and hidden danger management systems, and transparent geological support systems, and to analyze, screen, classify, convert, and store various types of disaster risk information according to disaster classification, mining operation area, and disaster category; The multi-disaster risk information collection database is used to accept calls from the multi-disaster risk basic information analysis module, classify and store the basic information of each disaster risk warning, and provide a data sharing access interface to the outside world.

4. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module, a multi-disaster comprehensive hierarchical alarm monitoring module, a key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, a mine multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database, a multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module, a zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module, and a multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module.

5. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library is used to store the assessment, prediction and warning indicator system and identification model required for multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, and fusion warning, extracted after domain expert reasoning and data learning training; The multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module obtains multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction, fusion warning indicator system and identification model information from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library on demand, and calls the multi-disaster risk basic information sharing and publishing module to obtain the monitoring and warning information of each single disaster on a regular basis; The multi-disaster integrated graded alarm monitoring module is used to perform multi-disaster classification and graded alarm identification, alarm information generation and release. The multi-disaster risk early warning basic information release module regularly obtains the real-time monitoring information and monitoring history information of each disaster, and compares it with the multi-disaster classification and graded alarm rules stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning database. If the monitoring value exceeds the range allowed by the disaster monitoring alarm rules, the multi-disaster classification and graded alarm event information is generated and saved to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning release database; The multi-disaster risk fusion warning module for key areas regularly obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone, classification and grading through the multi-disaster risk fusion warning data loading module. It also generates the multi-disaster risk comprehensive assessment and fusion warning information of key areas from the multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction model and fusion warning model loaded from the multi-disaster risk fusion warning indicator model library, and saves it to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database; the key areas include the mining working face, conveyor belt, and electromechanical chamber area; The data processing process of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning module for key areas is as follows: first, real-time monitoring data and historical data are regularly obtained from multiple disaster sources, the collected raw data are classified and standardized by region and type, and the integrated data are stored in a dedicated database; then, a multi-disaster risk fusion early warning model is constructed using machine learning models or deep learning models to predict multiple disasters, while the model is trained using historical data to identify the relationships and synergistic effects between disasters; the standardized disaster monitoring data for each area is combined with the weight to obtain a comprehensive risk score, and each area is divided into low, medium, and high risk levels based on the score results; Compare the comprehensive risk score with the pre-set threshold to determine whether to enter the alarm state; The mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module obtains the monitoring and parameter detection information of each disaster, as well as the warning result information of each disaster zone classification and grading through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning data loading module at regular intervals. It comprehensively analyzes the multi-hazard fusion warning information of all key areas of the mine, the multi-hazard monitoring and warning information of other areas, and the importance of each area on the mine disaster risk, generates the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning information, and saves it to the multi-hazard risk fusion warning release database; The data processing process of the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module is as follows: first, the mine multi-hazard risk fusion warning module needs to obtain data from various disaster monitoring systems; the timed loading data includes: disaster monitoring information, parameter detection information, disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information, among which the disaster monitoring information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; parameter detection information includes data on various disaster events occurring inside and outside the mine; disaster zoning, classification, and graded warning information includes graded information on disaster risks in various regions; after the data is loaded, the multi-hazard risk fusion warning analysis module begins to process and analyze the loaded disaster information, and calculates the disaster risk based on the mine's geographic information, historical disaster data, and real-time monitoring data. Measure data, identify and analyze key areas within the mine, classify and grade each area according to the possibility of disaster occurrence, historical frequency and severity of disaster warning, and generate the disaster risk level of the area. Then conduct a comprehensive analysis and joint impact analysis of different disasters occurring in each key area, and perform weighted fusion based on the probability of occurrence and impact of different disasters to obtain a comprehensive disaster warning risk assessment for each area. Finally, conduct a correlation analysis between the disaster risk level of each area and the overall disaster risk of the mine, and comprehensively consider the impact of each area on the overall safety of the mine based on the severity of the disaster type in each area, the importance of the disaster impact, the key infrastructure in the area, the probability and frequency of disaster occurrence, and the impact of each area on the overall safety of the mine. The mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module regularly obtains various basic information that affects the risk situation through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning data loading module, loads and calculates the multi-hazard risk situation assessment indicators through the multi-hazard risk fusion warning indicator model library, and further comprehensively calculates and generates the mine multi-hazard risk assessment value. According to the risk assessment classification rules, the multi-hazard risk situation assessment results are divided into four levels: slight risk, general risk, greater risk, and severe risk, and are saved in the multi-hazard risk fusion warning release database; among them, the various basic information that affects the risk situation includes various types of disaster inherent attribute risk factors, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors; By evaluating various risk factors and integrating the risk assessment values ​​of each risk factor according to certain rules, the multi-hazard risk assessment value of the mine is finally calculated: R total =w1·R disaster +w2·R env +w3·R governance +w3·R management +w5·R personnel Among them, R disaster ,R env ,R governance ,R managemen ,R personnel They represent the assessment values ​​of different risk factors, w1, w2, w3, w4, and w5 represent the weights of different factors; Based on the level and timeliness of disaster warnings, warning information is released in real time to mine managers, various disaster emergency response teams, and relevant workers within the mine. High-risk disasters automatically trigger emergency response measures, while providing dynamic decision support based on warning information to help managers make response decisions. The multi-disaster risk fusion warning release database is used to store the disaster comprehensive graded alarm information generated by the multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm monitoring module, the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning information generated by the key area multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk fusion warning module, and the multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information generated by the mine multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction module; The multi-disaster cause analysis and tracing module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of disasters that are expected to occur or have already occurred, tracing their sources and finding the direct and root causes of the disasters. Based on the multi-disaster early warning results, it uses the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning data loading module to obtain the direct or indirect correlation between a certain type of disaster and its multiple causes on demand. Through probabilistic reasoning, it calculates the top three disaster-causing factors with the highest cumulative probability, and generates disaster prevention recommendations for a certain type of disaster based on the disaster cause expression template stored in the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning release database. The zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module is used to guide the rapid evacuation of underground personnel based on the multi-disaster early warning result information, the expected or existing disaster accident level, and the user-customized linkage control strategy. It communicates with underground facilities and equipment to generate a control strategy for the disaster prevention system. The linkage control strategy generated by the zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making module can be visualized by the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning visualization subsystem for linkage control. Among them, the underground facilities and equipment include: underground broadcast communication equipment, personnel positioning equipment, and individual equipment. The disaster prevention system includes: ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, gas extraction monitoring system, mine drainage control system, and nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system. The multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module is used to receive calls from other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning analysis service subsystem, and release multi-disaster real-time monitoring and surveillance information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information for key areas, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information for mines, multi-disaster risk situation assessment and prediction information for mines, and zoning and graded linkage control information through Web API and message queue communication methods.

6. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem includes a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning one-picture display module, a multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module, a multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module, a multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module, a multi-disaster risk situation visualization module, a multi-disaster early warning linkage disposal module, a multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module, and a zoning and graded collaborative control visualization module.

7. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module is connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion warning information release module, and requests the information required for multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization on a regular basis or on demand for visualization display by other modules; The multi-hazard risk fusion warning one-picture display module is connected to the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization agent module, which regularly requests mine spatial element information through HTTP or HTTPS communication and visualizes it in the form of a two-dimensional plane map or a three-dimensional scene map; The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization agent module is used to obtain multi-disaster real-time monitoring information, multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm information, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in key areas, multi-disaster risk fusion warning information in mines, multi-disaster risk assessment and prediction information in mines, and zoned and graded linkage control information on a regular or on-demand basis, and distribute it to other modules of the multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization subsystem for visual display. The multi-hazard risk fusion warning one-picture display module is used to provide a two-dimensional and three-dimensional map display environment for multi-hazard risk fusion warning, visually displaying spatial hazard sources, mining operation dynamics, and personnel work status, and provides a dynamic display and call interface for spatial elements of other modules of the multi-hazard risk fusion warning visualization subsystem; The multi-disaster real-time monitoring visualization module is used to display disaster monitoring information, including an overview of each disaster monitoring information, abnormal monitoring point information, key monitoring points, and disaster prevention system status and working condition information; The multi-disaster comprehensive graded alarm visualization module is used to comprehensively display the alarm information of various disaster monitoring sensors and the affected area, including the current alarm area and the number of monitoring sensors, and the cumulative number of historical alarms of regional monitoring sensors; The multi-disaster risk fusion warning visualization module is used to display real-time monitoring information from related monitoring sensors, multi-disaster risk classification warning information, regional multi-disaster risk fusion warning information, as well as information on personnel inside and outside the region, related disaster prevention system monitoring information, and emergency rescue material and equipment information by region; The multi-hazard risk situation visualization module is used to display the operating status of each mine hazard monitoring system, the number of monitoring sensor alarms, the risk situation assessment and prediction index of each hazard, and the comprehensive assessment index of the mine multi-hazard risk situation; The multi-disaster early warning and linkage disposal module is used to display disaster monitoring and perception, early warning analysis, linkage disposal plans, emergency communication equipment status information, as well as the status of monitoring sensors and power outage controllers associated with various disasters, and dynamically display the power outage control link diagram after a disaster early warning event occurs. The multi-disaster emergency rescue visualization module is used to display the disaster type of emergency response, the name of the risk area and the information of people inside and outside the area, the monitoring data and video surveillance images associated with the area, the interactive interface for disaster avoidance route planning, the emergency plan content and execution dynamics associated with the response disaster type, and the emergency rescue command system information after a disaster warning event occurs. The zoned and hierarchical collaborative control visualization module is used to display the distribution information of personnel in the area and the affected area, the status or operating parameters of various disaster alarm and control systems in the area after a disaster warning event occurs. The alarm systems include the ground dispatching and command system, the underground broadcast communication system, and the personnel positioning system. The control systems include the ventilation parameter monitoring and control system, the gas extraction monitoring system, the mine drainage monitoring system, the nitrogen injection grouting fire prevention and extinguishing control system, and the spray dust reduction control system.

8. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem includes a mine disaster basic information management module, a safety situation assessment indicator management module, a pre-alarm linkage plan management module, an emergency rescue information management module, a mine disaster prevention basic data management module, and a system parameter configuration monitoring module; each module of the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning operation and maintenance management subsystem is connected to the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library through HTTP or HTTPS communication, and loads various existing information from the multi-disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model for users to edit and maintain.

9. The coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mine disaster basic information management module is used to maintain and manage mine basic information, main coal seam information, main disaster information, main geological structure information, and mining working face information; The safety situation assessment indicator management module is used to maintain and manage various basic indicator information required for the operation of the mine multi-hazard risk situation assessment and prediction module. The basic indicator information includes indicator name, indicator description, indicator calculation method and indicator value. Each type of disaster includes inherent attribute risk factors, environmental monitoring risk factors, control measures and equipment risk factors, safety management risk factors, and personnel risk factors. The pre-alarm linkage plan management module is used to maintain and manage the pre-alarm linkage plan information and linkage plan execution record information, where the pre-alarm linkage plan information includes the plan name, associated area name, associated disaster type, triggered pre-alarm level, triggering strategy, and plan configuration information. The emergency rescue information management module is used to maintain and manage emergency plan information related to emergency rescue, emergency rescue expert information, emergency rescue agency personnel information, emergency rescue warehouse material information, and emergency rescue plan drill record information; The mine disaster prevention basic data management module is used to maintain and manage the operating procedures of each mining face, mine one-way and three-prevention archive information, and ground measurement and water prevention archive information. The one-way and three-prevention archive information includes one-way and three-prevention technical documents, gas inspection reports, wind measurement reports, dust concentration measurement reports, drill cuttings measurement construction reports, and mine gas measurement reports. The system parameter configuration monitoring module is used to maintain the user authority control and user operation log information required during the system operation, the pre-alarm SMS sending configuration, and the data collection status information of each disaster monitoring system. The pre-alarm SMS sending configuration includes SMS recipient information, SMS sending event information, SMS template grouping information, and SMS sending history record information.

10. An early warning method based on the coal mine multi-hazard risk fusion early warning system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Regularly collect automatic monitoring information of various disasters, manual detection information, risk management and hidden danger investigation information, and transparent geological support information, and classify and identify disasters according to different types of disasters; S2. Preprocess the collected raw data, standardize and normalize different types of monitoring data, and save the preprocessed data to the disaster risk information collection database; S3. Based on the characteristics of different disasters, build their own risk assessment models, maintain basic information on mine disasters, safety situation assessment and prediction indicators, comprehensive disaster classification alarm information, disaster early warning linkage plan information, basic data on mine disaster prevention, emergency rescue management information, and system parameter configuration monitoring information as needed, and save up to a disaster risk fusion early warning indicator model library; S4. Regularly read the disaster monitoring information, disaster prevention system monitoring information, safety situation assessment indicator information, and multi-disaster fusion early warning indicator model information, and build a multi-disaster comprehensive assessment model by integrating the risk assessment results of multiple disasters; S5. Based on real-time monitoring data, the system periodically reads disaster monitoring information. When the risk assessment value exceeds the set threshold, a multi-hazard zoning and classification alarm is issued according to coal mine safety regulations and related requirements. The system triggers an early warning mechanism and dynamically assesses the disaster risk of the coal mine. S6. Divide the mine into several key monitoring areas based on its geographical layout, spatial distribution of operating areas, natural conditions, and operational risks. Use a centralized early warning model to comprehensively analyze the disaster-related data and early warning information collected in each key area. Use intelligent algorithms to integrate and assess multiple disaster risks, analyze the secondary disasters that may be induced by various primary disasters, and implement integrated early warnings for multiple disaster risks in key areas. S7. Analyze multiple factors contributing to disasters based on historical disaster data and climate change models, trace the spatial distribution, occurrence time, and triggering factors of disasters, identify the root causes of disasters, and conduct disaster chain analysis, disaster source tracing and evolution analysis, multi-hazard interaction and coupling effect analysis, and scenario simulation. S8. Conduct comprehensive assessment, prediction and early warning of mine multi-hazard risks based on multiple factors including inherent attributes of mine hazards, human factors, monitoring and surveillance system risks, emergency rescue risks, and disaster prevention capabilities; S9. Develop a zoning and hierarchical collaborative control analysis and decision-making strategy based on the characteristics and impact range of different disasters. Automatically link emergency broadcasting, personnel positioning, power supply systems, ventilation systems, drainage systems, and fire prevention and extinguishing systems. Through resource sharing, information exchange, and task allocation, collaborative control is implemented between different areas or levels within the zoning and hierarchical control framework, integrating local control strategies into global goals. S10. Based on the results of multi-hazard risk assessment, early warning information is dynamically generated. Key information can be connected to personnel and equipment in real time, enabling instant communication of disaster monitoring and early warning information underground. S11. Visualize spatial data of multiple disasters based on GIS, display the spatial distribution of different disasters, affected areas, intensity and scope of disaster risks, and display real-time disaster monitoring data, disaster warning information, and various real-time risk information and warning conditions of mines through the big data platform.

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