Anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed cable and bridge

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed cable, including cable body, cable body is equipped with first protective sleeve;First protective sleeve outer surface is wound with helical line, helical line is insulated cable helical line, for current input and further heating cable body surface;Helical line includes conductor and the second protective sleeve of being equipped outside conductor, second protective sleeve is used to heat conduction and insulation outwardly.This cable-stayed cable is wound with the raised helical line outside, and wind and rain vibration phenomenon can be realized to be inhibited, by being equipped with helical line outside cable-stayed cable, current is input to insulated cable helical line, and cable body surface can be heated, avoid frozen rain to adhere on pipe icing expansion, simultaneously avoid the rainwater of thawing to separate from cable-stayed cable, prevent continuous water line, avoid wind and rain vibration to protect anchor and deck;By being equipped with second protective sleeve outside the conductor of helical line, the insulation between helical line and cable body is achieved, avoid electric shock phenomenon, and second protective sleeve is used for heat conduction, and then the heating temperature of conductor is conducted to cable body surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge cable technology, and in particular, to a vibration-resistant and frost-resistant cable-stayed bridge. Background Technology

[0002] When ice forms on bridge towers, steel beams, or cables on many bridges both domestically and internationally, it melts as temperatures rise, potentially causing ice to fall onto the bridge surface and injure pedestrians or damage vehicle windows, roofs, and other parts, endangering public safety and property. As a result, traffic management departments have to implement traffic control measures in winter to restrict such occurrences, causing inconvenience.

[0003] Among the known forms of cable vibration, wind-induced vibration is the most harmful. The mechanism of wind-induced vibration in cable-stayed structures is that it is a typical low-frequency, high-amplitude vibration, generally occurring in the first three modes. Due to the high flexibility, relatively low mass, and low damping of cable-stayed structures, under climatic conditions of light to gale (Force 7) wind speeds accompanied by moderate rainfall, raindrops hit the cable and move around its circular cross-section. Rainwater accumulates at points along the cable's cross-section, forming rain streaks along the cable's length. These rain streaks remain stable under wind influence, their height sufficient to alter the cable's cross-sectional shape and generate lift. Consequently, the cable carrying these rain streaks is affected by the airflow, producing vibration lines within or outside the cable plane. This is a type of intense, high-amplitude vibration that easily occurs in cable-stayed structures. Severe vibration can cause collisions between adjacent cables, repeated bending of the cable anchorage nodes, fatigue of the steel wires, and fatigue damage to the steel sheath at the cable root. Existing cable-stayed bridge vibration reduction measures are based on existing engineering experience. Effective measures to suppress wind-induced vibration of cable-stayed bridges mainly include structural and aerodynamic measures. Currently, aerodynamic measures should be prioritized in the wind-resistant design of cable-stayed bridges. Adding protrusions or other measures to disrupt the formation of water channels in the cable-stayed bridge can significantly improve vibration control. Wrapping or spaced strips along the axial direction of the cable surface is a method similar to wind-induced vibration reduction measures for tall buildings. This measure was previously mainly used to reduce vortex-induced vibration and disrupt or reduce the correlation of detached vortices. Spirals or equidistant hoops can disrupt the formation of water lines and axial flow, weakening wind-induced vibration and axial flow-induced vibration of the cable-stayed bridge.

[0004] In the event of heavy snowfall or freezing rain, frost, ice, and icicles can form on the surface of cable stays, sometimes even forming a thick ice jacket. This increases the weight of the cable stays, affecting the bridge's structural weight and natural vibration frequency, thus jeopardizing bridge safety. The expansion of frozen rain on the cable stays after freezing can cause pipe damage and cracking, leading to fine fissures. The high-stress steel wires inside are also more prone to corrosion, affecting the cable stays' lifespan. Furthermore, as the climate warms, ice and icicles on the cable stays may fall and injure pedestrians or vehicles, causing inconvenience and damage to the nation. Therefore, timely defrost and de-icing of ice and icicles during snow and freezing rain is crucial to prevent surface icing. With the increasing frequency of cable icing incidents in recent years, it has been found that spiral cables not only fail to effectively prevent icing but may even promote it. Therefore, designing spiral cables with both wind and rain vibration resistance and icing resistance is of paramount importance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a vibration- and frost-resistant cable-stayed bridge to solve the technical problem of serious safety hazards in icy and snowy weather caused by the spiral lines used in existing cable-stayed bridges to avoid wind and rain vibration.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A vibration-damping and frost-resistant cable-stayed bridge includes a cable body, the cable body being covered with a first protective sleeve; the outer surface of the first protective sleeve is wound with a raised spiral, the spiral being an insulated cable spiral for passing current through it to heat the surface of the cable body; the spiral includes a conductor and a second protective sleeve sleeved over the conductor, the second protective sleeve being used for conducting heat outward and providing insulation.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the first protective sleeve comprises, from the inside out, an anti-corrosion protective layer, a temperature control layer, a first flame-retardant layer, and a first heat-conducting layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the anti-corrosion protective layer is inserted into the cable body and filled with grease for rust and corrosion prevention.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the second protective sleeve comprises, from the inside out, a second thermally conductive layer, an insulating layer, a shielding layer, and a second flame-retardant layer.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the second thermally conductive layer comprises a carbon nanotube array layer, and carbon nanotube polymer composite particles are further filled between the second thermally conductive layer and the conductor.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the insulating layer is a graphene material Mott insulator layer, the shielding layer is a honeycomb-shaped porous graphene material layer, and the second flame-retardant layer is an oxide graphene material layer; the insulating layer, the shielding layer, and the second flame-retardant layer together constitute a thermally conductive structure.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the inner side of the second protective sleeve is provided with an elastic support structure, the elastic support structure including an elastic anti-collision ring disposed on the inner side of the second protective sleeve and an elastic support member radially disposed on the elastic anti-collision ring.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, a nano-energy-absorbing element is provided between the inner wall of the second protective sleeve and the conductor, as well as between the wires of the conductor. The nano-energy-absorbing element is in the form of a sheet, block, or granules.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the surfaces of the first protective cover and / or the second protective cover are coated with a hydrophobic coating and an anti-ultraviolet layer.

[0016] On the other hand, a bridge is also provided that uses any of the above-mentioned anti-vibration and anti-freezing stay cables.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The raised spiral wire wrapped around the outside of the stay cable can suppress wind and rain vibration. By installing a first protective sleeve over the stay cable and setting the spiral wire to be an insulated cable spiral wire wound around the first protective sleeve, the surface of the cable body can be heated by passing current through the insulated cable spiral wire, preventing freezing rain from adhering to the pipe and expanding, while preventing melted rainwater from leaving the stay cable, preventing the formation of continuous water lines, and preventing wind and rain vibration to protect the anchorage and bridge deck; by installing a second protective sleeve over the conductor of the spiral wire, the spiral wire is insulated from the cable body to prevent electric shock. At the same time, the second protective sleeve is used for heat conduction, thereby transferring the heating temperature of the conductor to the surface of the cable body.

[0018] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a double-helix cable-stayed structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the high-level connection end of the double-helix cable in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a single-helix cable-stayed structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the cable-stayed bridge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A-direction cross-section;

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Sectional view along direction B;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the forward structure of the mobile device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a bottom view of the mobile device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a side view of the mobile device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the hinged snap-fit ​​assembly structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the hinged snap-fit ​​assembly structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a simplified structural diagram of a bridge system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] 1. Cable body 2. First protective sleeve 21. Grease 22. Anti-corrosion protective layer 23. Temperature control layer 24. Spring anti-collision protective sleeve 25. First flame retardant layer 26. First heat-conducting layer 3. Spiral 4. Conductor 5. Second protective sleeve 51. Nano energy-absorbing component 52. Elastic support component 53. Elastic anti-collision ring 54. Carbon nanotube polymer composite particles 55. Second heat-conducting layer 56. Insulation layer 57. Shielding layer 58. Second flame retardant layer 59. Anti-slip protrusion 6. Hydrophobic coating 7. Connecting buckle 71. Mounting hole 72. Rotating shaft 73. First magnetic component 8. Moving device 81. Moving pulley 82. Second magnetic component 83. Second driver 84. Second transmission assembly 85. Moving belt 9. Ball bearing 10. Retraction device. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 13 A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a vibration-proof and freeze-proof cable, including a cable body 1, and a first protective sleeve 2 is provided on the outer surface of the cable body 1; a raised spiral 3 is wound on the outer surface of the first protective sleeve 2, the spiral 3 is an insulated cable spiral 3, which is used to pass current and heat the surface of the cable body 1; the spiral 3 includes a conductor 4 and a second protective sleeve 5 sleeved on the conductor 4, the second protective sleeve 5 is used to conduct heat outward and provide insulation.

[0036] It is understandable that the raised spiral 3 wrapped around the outside of the stay cable can suppress wind and rain vibration. By installing a first protective sleeve 2 over the stay cable and winding the spiral 3 as an insulated cable spiral 3 around the first protective sleeve 2, current can be passed through the insulated cable spiral 3 to heat the surface of the cable body 1, preventing freezing rain from adhering to the pipe and expanding, while also preventing melted rainwater from detaching from the stay cable, preventing continuous water lines, and preventing wind and rain vibration to protect the anchorage and bridge deck. By installing a second protective sleeve 5 over the conductor 4 of the spiral 3, the spiral 3 is insulated from the cable body 1 to prevent electric shock. At the same time, the second protective sleeve 5 is used for heat conduction, thereby transferring the heating temperature of the conductor 4 to the surface of the cable body 1.

[0037] In this embodiment, the first protective sleeve 2 includes, from the inside out, an anti-corrosion protective layer 22, a temperature control layer 23, a first flame retardant layer 25, and a first heat-conducting layer 26.

[0038] Specifically, the cable body 1 is inserted into the anti-corrosion protective layer 22 and filled with grease 21 for rust and corrosion prevention; by setting the anti-corrosion protective layer 22, the grease 21 can be prevented from leaking, and the air can be isolated to avoid the cable oxidation, thus achieving anti-corrosion and rust prevention.

[0039] The temperature control layer 23 is used for heat insulation and heat preservation of the cable body 1. In this embodiment, the temperature control layer 23 is preferably made of high-strength polyester self-regulating heat-insulating phase change material, with a phase change point between 16℃ and 26℃. This ensures that the cable stays within the temperature range of 16℃ to 26℃ under tension, preventing the cable from being affected by excessively high or low ambient temperatures when the spiral 3 heats the cable body 1, and avoiding adverse conditions caused by temperature stress. By setting the temperature control layer 23, the working temperature of the cable is closer to the normal ambient temperature, making the cable work more stable. It also has characteristics such as crack resistance, moisture resistance, sound absorption, and noise reduction, making the cable of this embodiment more practical and longer in service life. High-strength polyester has excellent insulation properties and good elasticity, providing impact resistance and improving safety. The temperature control layer 23 further isolates the cable body 1 from the outside environment, preventing heat exchange. When the surface of the cable body 1 is heated, heat will not be transferred to the cable body, thus providing heat insulation and heat preservation, and extending the service life of the cable body.

[0040] The first flame-retardant layer 25 is used to further isolate heat conduction. Preferably, it is made by wrapping flame-retardant fiberglass tape with an aluminum sheath, giving it advantages such as flame retardancy, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, and low moisture absorption. Both the flame-retardant fiberglass and the aluminum sheath have high flame-retardant performance, high temperature resistance, and fire resistance, resulting in a long service life, high safety factor, and good performance. Furthermore, in the event of a bridge fire, the cables can continue to operate normally at higher temperatures, effectively extending rescue time and reducing losses. Simultaneously, the aluminum sheath protects the exposed flame-retardant fiberglass tape, has abrasion resistance, and can transfer heat, rapidly melting ice and snow adhering to the cables for better anti-icing effects.

[0041] The heat-conducting layer is used to quickly conduct heat when the surface of the first protective sleeve 2 of the insulated cable spiral 3 is heated. The heat-conducting layer is preferably a graphene coating, which has excellent physical properties and a thermal conductivity of up to 5300W / (m•K). Therefore, when encountering wet and cold weather, it is only necessary to heat any suitable position of the graphene film. The high thermal conductivity of the graphene film can achieve the surface heating of the entire cable. By heating the graphene coating, heat can be better transferred to the entire length of the cable, thereby increasing the temperature of the anti-icing coating surface and quickly melting the ice and snow attached to the anti-icing coating surface. This prevents the cable surface from freezing and avoids the melting and falling of the cable sleeve after freezing rain, ensuring the safety of vehicles and pedestrians on the bridge and achieving a better anti-icing effect.

[0042] The thermally conductive layer is coated with a superhydrophobic coating 6, which has low surface tension, high hydrophobicity, and ice-repellency, minimizing the adhesion of water and ice and making them easy to detach, thereby preventing icing and removing ice. The UV-resistant fabric layer can significantly reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to the sheath layer and extend the life of the sheath layer. The cable-stayed bridge, with its surface coated with a superhydrophobic coating 6 and a UV-resistant fabric layer, not only has excellent resistance to wind and rain vibration and heat aging, but also has good anti-icing and de-icing performance.

[0043] Furthermore, a spring-loaded anti-collision protective sleeve 24 is installed between the insulation layer and the flame-retardant layer. It adopts a high-strength elastic outer layer and springs are arranged in a circumferential interval, which has a good buffering effect when the cable is subjected to high-speed impact or even multiple impacts.

[0044] In this embodiment, the spiral 3 includes, from the inside out, a second heat-conducting layer 55, an insulating layer 56, a shielding layer 57, and a second flame-retardant layer 58.

[0045] Specifically, the second thermally conductive layer 55 includes a CNT array layer (carbon nanotube array layer), and carbon nanotube polymer composite particles 54 are filled between the second thermally conductive layer 55 and the conductor 4. The CNT array layer can also be constructed using external forces such as electric fields, magnetic fields, or in-situ injection molding, ensuring the directional arrangement of the CNT array within the matrix while keeping the protruding tips outside the matrix surface. By constructing the CNT array, CNTs can be directionally arranged within the matrix to create anisotropic thermally conductive composite materials. Due to their large aspect ratio, carbon nanotubes exhibit high thermal conductivity in the longitudinal direction, while their relative thermal conductivity in the vertical direction is much lower, demonstrating anisotropic heat transfer performance. Dispersed CNTs have no significant effect on the thermal conductivity of the polymer, while directional CNTs can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of the polymer. Therefore, the radial heat conduction of the insulated cable spiral 3 to the surface can be enhanced, resulting in better antifreeze and snow removal functions. The carbon nanotube polymer composite particles 54 are polymer composite materials with carbon nanotubes and other fillers. In cold and humid weather, only the conductor needs to be energized, and the carbon nanotube polymer composite particles 54 can be heated at any suitable location. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube polymer composite particles 54 can be used to heat the entire insulated cable spiral 3. The degree of dispersion of the polymer composite material with carbon nanotubes and other fillers in the polymer is the key to the performance of the prepared polymer composite material. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and thermal and electrical conductivity of the polymer are all seriously affected by the degree of filler dispersion. When the CNT content is low, the degree of dispersion has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity of the composite material. Better dispersion can improve the thermal conductivity of CNTs and composite materials because a high degree of dispersion can ensure the formation of a network structure at low filler concentrations.

[0046] Insulating layer 56 is a graphene Mott insulator layer. A graphene Mott insulator layer is created by stacking two graphene layers and rotating them at a "magic angle" (1.1 degrees), making the two graphene layers non-conductive, similar to a Mott insulator. By stacking two graphene layers, a "superlattice" structure of two graphene sheets stacked together is created to achieve the Mott insulator property. Because the graphene sheets are not completely overlapped but at a specific "magic angle," a precise moiré structure is formed, allowing strong interactions between electrons in the graphene sheets. In any other stacking structure, graphene rarely interacts with adjacent electrons, thus achieving an insulating effect and preventing problems such as electric shock.

[0047] The shielding layer 57 is a honeycomb-shaped porous graphene material layer. The raw material for this honeycomb porous graphene material can be commercially available polyimide, which is cost-effective and has good chemical stability. The staggered arrangement in the coating not only blocks the penetration of corrosive media, forming a physical barrier, but also, due to the large surface area of ​​graphene, a smaller amount of graphene can achieve effective blocking and physical shielding. The use of honeycomb porous graphene in the graphene composite material achieves a shielding effectiveness of approximately 40 dB. The application of graphene composite materials in electromagnetic shielding is becoming increasingly widespread, and the thickness of the graphene also affects the electromagnetic shielding performance. The honeycomb porous graphene material shielding layer 57 can shield 99.99% of incident electromagnetic waves. This graphene composite material allows incident electromagnetic waves to be reflected and absorbed multiple times, making it suitable for ultra-high-performance electromagnetic shielding applications. The material's internal structure mimics a honeycomb structure, effectively reducing material density and enhancing electromagnetic shielding performance. The honeycomb structure also disperses stress, thus preventing stress concentration and fatigue damage. Furthermore, the shielding layer 57 can prevent electric shock incidents, prevent lightning strikes, and prevent the insulated cable spiral 3 from being attracted by the magnet at the bottom of the cross-hinged buckle between the moving pulley 81 and the insulated cable spiral 3, which would cause excessive damping of the insulated cable spiral 3 and affect the extension and retraction of the spiral 3.

[0048] The second flame-retardant layer 58 is a graphene oxide material layer. The carbon layer is dense and continuous, which can create a barrier on the surface and prevent oxygen from entering the depth of the material layer. The heat conduction and coke blockage create a labyrinth effect, making the path of combustible gas to fuel tortuous, which can effectively prevent the spread of flame.

[0049] In this embodiment, the insulating layer 56, the shielding layer 57, and the second flame-retardant layer 58 combine to form a thermally conductive structure. Specifically, the axial thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes is 6600 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹, and the in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene at room temperature is 4000-5000 Wm⁻¹K⁻¹. These two materials have thermal conductivity that is almost the highest among known materials. In damp and cold weather, heat can be transferred from the carbon nanotube composite material filling layer - CNT array layer - graphene material Mott insulator layer - honeycomb porous graphene material layer - graphene oxide material layer to the outer surface of the spiral 3 simply by heating the wire. The high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and graphene materials can achieve uniform surface heat transfer of the insulated cable spiral 3. The body heats up, thereby raising the overall temperature of the spiral 3 surface, rapidly melting the ice and snow adhering to its outer surface, preventing ice formation on the surface of the insulated cable spiral 3. At the same time, the heat of the antifreeze insulated cable is transferred to the surface of the cable body 1 through contact with the first heat-conducting layer 26 of the cable body 1, causing the overall surface of the cable body 1 to heat up and melt the ice and snow, thus preventing the cable sleeve of the cable-stayed bridge from melting and falling after freezing rain, ensuring the safety of vehicles and pedestrians on the bridge, and achieving a better anti-icing effect. Based on the graphene material with high thermal conductivity, the heat of the internal conductor 4 is conducted outward, and the properties of graphene material under different structures and processes are used to achieve insulation, electromagnetic shielding and flame retardancy, with strong functionality.

[0050] In this embodiment, the inner side of the second protective sleeve 5 is provided with an elastic support structure, including an elastic anti-collision ring 53 disposed on the inner side of the second protective sleeve 5 and an elastic support member 52 radially disposed on the elastic anti-collision ring 53. Preferably, there are three elastic support members 52, all of which extend radially from the center position of the elastic anti-collision ring 53 and are connected to the elastic anti-collision ring 53, and are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction to provide stable support. The ring structure of the elastic anti-collision ring 53 is beneficial to reducing the impact of external impact force.

[0051] Nanoscale energy-absorbing elements 51 are provided between the inner wall of the second protective sleeve 5 and the conductor 4, as well as between the wires of the conductor 4. These nanoscale energy-absorbing elements 51 are in the form of sheets, blocks, or granules. Each nanoscale energy-absorbing element 51 consists of a high-strength elastic outer layer and a nanoscale energy-absorbing material. The high-strength elastic outer layer is preferably made of polyurethane elastomer. The nanoscale energy-absorbing material is composed of nanoporous material and a non-wetting functional liquid, exhibiting high energy absorption density and being a uniform, flowable liquid under normal conditions. When the nanoscale energy-absorbing material is subjected to external impact, the external kinetic energy forces the non-wetting functional liquid into the pores of the nanoporous material, converting the external mechanical energy into interfacial energy (solid-to-liquid transition) and frictional heat energy. When the external force is removed, the non-wetting functional liquid... The liquid flows out of the nanoporous material channels and becomes solid-liquid separated. The nano energy-absorbing material can be reused multiple times and has excellent buffering effect for nonlinear, high-speed impacts and even multiple impacts. It can prevent vehicle collision damage from all directions. When subjected to impact force, the built-in nano energy-absorbing material responds instantaneously, converting the external impact force into solid-liquid interface energy and frictional heat energy, effectively reducing impact load and achieving a flexible braking effect. It should be noted that conductor 4 has three wires (ground wire, live wire, and neutral wire), and each wire can be staggered with the elastic support 52. The nano energy-absorbing module is set in the second protective sleeve 5 and can be fixed on the elastic support 52, that is, to realize the setting of the gap between each conductor 4.

[0052] The anti-collision structure of the spiral 3 consists of multiple sets of elastic support structures and nano energy-absorbing modules distributed at intervals along the spiral 3, and the middle anti-collision support ring is connected by springs of the same diameter, which can ensure both anti-collision performance and the flexibility of the cable spiral 3, thereby allowing the cable spiral 3 to stretch and change its spacing within a certain range.

[0053] In this embodiment, the surfaces of the first protective sleeve 2 and the second protective sleeve 5 are both coated with a hydrophobic coating 6 and an anti-ultraviolet layer. Specifically, a thin film is formed on the surface by spraying a mixed material with high hydrophobicity and high thermal conductivity. This material has high hydrophobicity, high thermal conductivity, low surface tension, high hydrophobicity, and ice-repellency, which can minimize the adhesion of water and ice, making them easy to detach and reducing the adhesion of ice and snow on the cable surface, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing icing and de-icing. Under normal temperature conditions, the surface of the insulated cable spiral 3 has no adsorption force for water, and in windy and rainy weather, it will not form a continuous water line that causes wind and rain vibration. Meanwhile, in low-temperature wind and rain environments such as snow and freezing rain, freezing will not occur. The spiral wire 3 can be electrically heated to prevent freezing rain from adhering to the pipe and expanding. A small amount of snow and ice on the cable surface will also melt due to the high thermal conductivity layer on the cable surface, which also prevents the melted rainwater from detaching from the stay cable, prevents continuous water lines, and avoids wind and rain vibration to protect the anchorage and bridge deck. The outermost anti-ultraviolet coating can significantly reduce the damage of ultraviolet rays to the sheath layer and extend the life of the sheath layer.

[0054] On the other hand, because the amplitude of the stay cable is highly sensitive to changes in many parameters such as rainfall intensity, wind speed, helix diameter, and cable surface condition, even a small change in any parameter can cause a significant change in amplitude. Even if every effort is made to control the accuracy of each parameter during the experiment, it cannot be guaranteed that actual parameter changes will not significantly affect the wind-and-rain vibration. The controller, operating at room temperature, determines the spacing 'd' of the insulated cable helices of the same diameter by processing changes in many parameters such as rainfall intensity, wind speed, helix diameter, cable surface condition, and the current cable amplitude value, ensuring real-time and effective suppression of wind-and-rain vibration in the stay cable. This embodiment also provides a bridge, including the aforementioned cable body 1. A first protective sleeve is provided on the outer surface of the cable body 1, that is, a raised spiral 3 is wound around the outer surface of the first protective sleeve. A take-up and release device 10 is provided on the cable body 1 at the high connecting end of the cable body 1, or a take-up and release device 10 is provided on the bridge at the high connecting end of the cable body 1. The take-up and release device 10 is used to control the length of the spiral 3 wound on the surface of the cable body 1 by taking up and releasing. The vibration and anti-freeze system also includes a main control module for controlling the start and stop of the take-up and release device 10. A moving device 8 is provided on the spiral 3. Multiple moving devices 8 are evenly spaced on the spiral 3. When the take-up and release device 10 takes up and releases the spiral 3, the spiral 3 moves along the spiral direction of the spiral 3 on the surface of the cable body 1 through the moving devices 8, reducing the friction between the spiral 3 and the cable body 1. The change of the spiral 3 spacing is smoother. By controlling the moving distance of each moving device 8 to adapt to the change of the spiral 3 length, the uniformity of the spiral 3 spacing is maintained, thereby controlling the spiral 3 spacing.

[0055] The number of take-up and take-down devices 10 should be set according to the number of spirals 3. In this embodiment, a double spiral 3 is used as an example. A hinged buckle assembly is provided at the intersection of the two spirals 3. The hinged buckle assembly is used to pass through each spiral 3 respectively, keep the two spirals 3 close to each other, and allow the spirals 3 to slide relative to each other in the hinged buckle assembly so as to adapt to the intersection position after the length of the spirals 3 changes.

[0056] Meanwhile, a first magnetic element 73 is provided on the side of the hinged buckle assembly facing the cable body 1, so that the intersection of the two spirals 3 remains close to the cable body 1; the hinged buckle assembly includes a set of connecting buckles 7 corresponding to the number of spirals 3, which are two connecting buckles 7 in this embodiment; the connecting buckles 7 have mounting holes 71 for threading the spirals 3, and each connecting buckle 7 is used to hinge at the intersection of the spirals 3 by means of bearings, rotating shafts 72, etc. after threading the spirals 3, so that the hinged buckle assembly can adapt to the intersection angle after the spacing of the spirals 3 is adjusted, that is, when the spacing is adjusted, the number of turns of the spirals 3 changes, the included angle of the two spirals 3 at the intersection changes, and the two connecting buckles 7 can rotate relative to each other; on the other hand, when the spacing is adjusted, the intersection position of the two spirals 3 is adaptively shifted, and multiple rows of balls 9 are distributed axially in the mounting holes 71 of the connecting buckles 7 so that the spirals 3 can move smoothly in the connecting buckles 7, and the hinged buckle assembly can adapt to the change in the intersection position of the spirals 3 when the spacing is adjusted;

[0057] It should be noted that the two take-up and release devices 10 are arranged alternately up and down and on different tracks to prevent interference from occurring during the take-up and release process of the two spiral lines 3;

[0058] The cable-stayed system of this bridge has a raised helical line 3 on the cable body 1 to disrupt the formation of water lines and axial flow on the surface of the cable under windy and rainy weather, thereby reducing wind-induced vibration and axial flow-induced vibration of the cable and achieving wind resistance and vibration reduction. By setting up and unwinding device 10 at the high connection end of the cable body 1 or on the bridge, the main control module controls the up and unwinding of the helical line 3 wound on the surface of the cable body 1, thereby controlling the total length of the helical line 3 wound on the cable body 1. The helical line 3 is moved and adjusted by a moving device, thereby controlling the number of turns and the spacing. The spacing of the helical line 3 can be changed under different environmental conditions to ensure real-time and effective suppression of wind-induced vibration of the cable and reduce safety hazards.

[0059] Specifically, the take-up and release device 10 includes a first driver, a first transmission component, and a storage cylinder; the storage cylinder is used to wind and store the spiral 3; the first driver is used to drive the storage cylinder to rotate via the first transmission component, thereby tightening or releasing the spiral 3. When tightening the spiral 3, the spiral 3 is pulled upward by the take-up and release device 10 back to the storage cylinder and wound around the storage cylinder, the length of the spiral 3 on the cable body 1 is shortened, the number of turns is reduced, and the spacing d is reduced; when releasing the spiral 3, the spiral 3 moves downward along the cable based on its own weight, the length of the spiral 3 on the cable body 1 increases, the number of turns increases, and the spacing d increases.

[0060] Furthermore, the moving device 8 can move on the surface of the cable body 1 by setting a moving pulley 81 or setting multiple balls 9. In this embodiment, the moving device 8 is preferably equipped with a moving pulley 81, and the rolling direction of the moving pulley 81 matches the length extension direction of the spiral 3. A second magnetic element 82 is provided on the side of the moving device 8 facing the cable body 1, which can keep the spiral 3 close to the cable body 1 during the adjustment of the spiral 3 and in strong wind and rain environments, and keep the spiral 3 wound during movement.

[0061] Specifically, the mobile device 8 also includes a control module, a second driver 83, and a second transmission assembly 84. The control module is used to control the second driver 83 to rotate forward or reverse when the take-up and release device 10 is activated. The second driver 83 is used to drive the mobile pulley 81 to roll on the surface of the cable body 1 via the second transmission assembly 84.

[0062] In this embodiment, the main control module integrates a wireless connection unit, and the control module integrates a wireless connection unit. The main control module and the control module are wirelessly connected, so that while the main control module controls the take-up and release device 10 to take up and release the spiral 3, it can send control commands or feedback the length of the spiral 3 taken up and released by the take-up and release device 10. This allows each control module to control its corresponding moving device 8 to move, thereby matching the moving distance of each moving device 8 with the take-up and release length of the spiral 3. It should be understood that as the distance between each moving device 8 and the take-up and release device 10 is different, the moving distance of each moving device 8 should be different during take-up and release. For example, the moving distance of the bottom moving device 8 is relatively short, and the moving distance of the top moving device 8 is relatively long. By controlling the movement of each moving device 8, the spacing of the spiral 3 is kept uniform, improving the spacing control accuracy and thus improving the resistance to wind and rain vibration. Furthermore, a position sensor can be set in each moving device 8. The moving devices 8 are evenly spaced on the spiral 3, so that the spacing between each moving device 8 can be adjusted by the movement of each moving device 8 controlled by the corresponding control module based on the feedback from the position sensor.

[0063] In this embodiment, the mobile device 8 includes one or more sets of movable pulleys 81. Each set of movable pulleys 81 includes two movable pulleys 81 arranged back and forth along the moving direction of the mobile device 8. A movable belt 85, similar to a conveyor belt, is arranged between the two movable pulleys 81 in the set. The mobile device 8 moves by conforming to the surface of the spiral 3 through the movable belt 85, increasing the contact area and avoiding slippage caused by wind and rain.

[0064] In this embodiment, the spiral 3 is inserted into the moving device 8. The moving device 8 has a corresponding through hole for inserting the spiral 3 during the production and assembly process. Multiple rows of balls 9 are arranged axially in the through hole. The multiple rows of balls 9 are evenly arranged circumferentially along the through hole to facilitate smooth movement when inserting the spiral 3. Based on this, the moving device 8 is provided with a fixing component. When the moving device 8 moves to the target position on the spiral 3, the spiral 3 is used to position and fix the moving device 8 on the spiral 3 and to release the fixation.

[0065] Furthermore, the second protective sleeve 5 also has anti-slip protrusions 59, which are made of thermally conductive rubber sheets. These protrusions not only prevent slipping but also ensure that the graphene oxide material layer of the spiral 3 and the UV-resistant cloth layer and anti-icing coating on the outer surface remain as a whole, preventing them from splitting into strips and falling off. Their size is smaller than the size of the inner recess of the moving pulley 81 of the insulated cable spiral 3 and the cross-hinged buckle of the insulated cable spiral 3, ensuring that the cable can slide through the ball bearings 9 to change the spacing of the cable spiral 3 and expand and contract, thus ensuring more efficient resolution of wind and rain vibration under different wind speeds.

[0066] In this embodiment, the vibration and frost protection system also includes a sensing module connected to the main control module. The sensing module is used to sense rainfall intensity and / or wind speed and / or cable body 1 temperature and / or ambient temperature and / or spiral line 3 spacing and / or amplitude and to feed back status commands to the main control module. The main control module controls the operation of the take-up and release device 10 according to the status commands.

[0067] Because the Sc number of the vibration system is relatively small, even without rainfall, the cable-stayed model will still experience a certain amplitude under the influence of turbulent flow. Therefore, it is considered that when the amplitude is less than 100mm, the helix 3 effectively suppresses the vibration. Furthermore, for helix 3 of the same diameter, the larger the spacing, the greater the amplitude of the cable-stayed structure; for the same spacing of helix 3, the smaller the diameter of the helix 3, the greater the amplitude of the cable-stayed structure. During the test under the same weather conditions, for a cable-stayed structure with a diameter D=160mm and configured with double helix 3, when the diameter of helix 3 is 0.8mm, vibration is effectively suppressed within a spacing of 12D; when the diameter of helix 3 is 1.2mm, vibration is effectively suppressed up to 16D. The same vibration suppression effect for single and double helix 3 is not related to a 2:1 ratio of winding spacing. When the diameter of helix 3 is 1.2mm, double helix 3 effectively suppresses vibration at 14D and 16D, while single helix 3 exhibits significant vibration at 7D and 8D. The existing spiral 3 is basically adapted based on the above experimental results. However, since the amplitude of the stay cable is very sensitive to changes in many parameters such as rainfall intensity, wind speed, spiral 3 diameter, and cable surface condition, even a small change in any parameter can cause a significant change in amplitude. Therefore, although efforts have been made to control the accuracy of each parameter in practical applications, even so, some data are not entirely consistent with expectations.

[0068] In this embodiment, the main control module can determine the spacing d of the helical lines 3 under the same diameter by processing changes in multiple parameters such as rainfall intensity, wind speed, determined diameter of the helical line 3, and surface condition of the cable (including temperature of cable body 1 and / or current amplitude of cable body 1), and adjust the spacing d by the take-up and release device 10, thereby ensuring real-time and effective suppression of wind and rain vibration of the cable.

[0069] In this embodiment, the spiral 3 is an insulated cable spiral 3. The main control module is also used to control the power on / off and input power of the insulated cable spiral 3 according to the status command, thereby controlling the heating temperature of the insulated cable spiral 3. The sensing module is used to sense the snow thickness on the surface of the cable body 1, and then control the power on / off and input power of the insulated cable spiral 3 according to the snow thickness and the surface temperature of the cable body 1 to achieve real-time adjustment of the heating temperature. This prevents freezing rain from adhering to the pipe and freezing and expanding, while also preventing melted rainwater from detaching from the cable, preventing continuous water lines, and preventing wind and rain vibration to protect the anchorage and bridge deck.

[0070] In some embodiments, the aforementioned effect can also be achieved by uniformly arranging multiple heating elements at intervals within the insulated cable spiral 3.

[0071] In this embodiment, the insulated cable spiral 3 is powered by a safe voltage of 24V or 36V. It consumes less energy during prolonged power supply in low-temperature environments, resulting in low power consumption, long service life, and a heating temperature that can be maintained at approximately 90-95℃. This provides high heating efficiency, rapid snow melting and antifreeze or de-icing, and eliminates the safety risks associated with high-voltage power supply for on-site personnel, thus preventing electric shock accidents and improving safety. Using the insulated cable spiral 3 as a heating element to achieve snow melting and antifreeze or de-icing of the cable features low operating voltage, temperature adaptability, low power consumption, and stable reliability.

[0072] Furthermore, the system also includes a step-down device connected to the mains power supply, which converts the 220V or 380V mains voltage into a safe voltage of 24V or 36V; the main control module is connected to the step-down device through a control switch, which includes a manual main switch and an automatic main switch.

[0073] In snowy weather conditions, the main control module determines the opening and closing of the automatic main switch and the cable switch of the insulated cable spiral 3 by processing parameters such as wind, rain, snow and temperature.

[0074] Specifically, this system has an environmental monitoring station, namely the aforementioned sensing module, set up on or around the bridge. When the environmental monitoring station detects that the air temperature is below 0°C or the precipitation / snowfall is above the upper limit, it will trigger the main switch to close through the main control module. At the same time, it will control the cable switch of the insulated cable spiral 3 on the associated cable body 1 to close. The insulated cable spiral 3 will de-ice and thaw the surface of the cable body 1 by heating, preventing safety hazards caused by frost, ice crystals, etc.

[0075] When the environmental monitoring station detects that the air temperature is higher than 0℃ or the precipitation / snowfall is lower than the upper limit threshold, it controls the cable switch of the insulated cable spiral 3 on each cable body 1 to disconnect. Under normal temperature conditions and in windy and rainy weather conditions, the insulated cable spiral 3 prevents the formation of continuous water lines in the cable, thereby achieving the effect of vibration suppression and wind and rain vibration.

[0076] Specifically, the environmental monitoring station includes a temperature detection element for detecting the surface temperature of the cable and an infrared detection element for detecting the snow thickness, both of which can be installed inside the cable body 1. It also includes a rain sensor to detect rainfall intensity and a wind speed sensor to detect wind speed, with the number and location selected according to the actual environment. The infrared detection element and the temperature detection element are bound to the spiral wire 3 and connected in parallel, and connected to the control module through corresponding cable switches. When the temperature detection element detects that the temperature of the corresponding cable body 1 is below 0℃, or when the infrared detection element detects that the precipitation / snowfall is above the upper limit threshold, it will trigger the cable switch of the insulated cable spiral wire 3 on the corresponding cable body 1 to close and heat it until the freezing phenomenon on the corresponding cable is eliminated.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration-damping and frost-resistant cable-stayed bridge, characterized in that, The system includes a cable body (1), which is covered with a first protective sleeve (2). The outer surface of the first protective sleeve (2) is wound with a raised spiral (3), which is an insulated cable spiral (3) used to carry current and heat the surface of the cable body (1). The spiral (3) includes a conductor (4) and a second protective sleeve (5) sleeved on the conductor (4). The second protective sleeve (5) is used to conduct heat outward and provide insulation. The second protective sleeve (5) includes a second heat-conducting layer (55) and an insulating layer (56) from the inside to the outside. The shielding layer (57) and the second flame-retardant layer (58) are respectively; the second thermally conductive layer (55) includes a carbon nanotube array layer, and carbon nanotube polymer composite particles (54) are filled between the second thermally conductive layer (55) and the conductor (4); the insulating layer (56) is a graphene material Mott insulator layer, the shielding layer (57) is a honeycomb porous graphene material layer, and the second flame-retardant layer (58) is an oxide graphene material layer; the insulating layer (56), the shielding layer (57) and the second flame-retardant layer (58) together constitute a thermally conductive structure.

2. The anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protective sleeve (2) includes, from the inside out, an anti-corrosion protective layer (22), a temperature control layer (23), a first flame retardant layer (25), and a first heat-conducting layer (26).

3. The anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-corrosion protective layer (22) is in which the cable body (1) is inserted and filled with grease (21) for rust and corrosion prevention.

4. The anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the second protective sleeve (5) is provided with an elastic support structure, which includes an elastic anti-collision ring (53) disposed on the inner side of the second protective sleeve (5) and an elastic support member (52) radially disposed on the elastic anti-collision ring (53).

5. The anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that, Nanoscale energy-absorbing elements (51) are provided between the inner wall of the second protective sleeve (5) and the conductor (4) and between each wire of the conductor (4). The nanoscale energy-absorbing elements (51) are in the form of sheets, blocks or granules.

6. The anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The surfaces of the first protective sleeve (2) and / or the second protective sleeve (5) are coated with a hydrophobic coating (6) and an anti-ultraviolet layer.

7. A bridge, characterized in that, The application uses the anti-vibration and anti-freezing cable-stayed bridge as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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