A large-span wooden arch structure with prestress reinforcement

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of large-span wood arch structures using prestressed reinforcement, comprising: main structure, wood arch and cable, the lower end of wood arch is fixedly connected in the upper end of main structure, wood arch is divided into multiple wood arch sections, wood arch section and wood arch section are fixedly connected at splicing structure and form continuous wood arch, cable is connected with wood arch through lug structure in the inner lower side of wood arch, the number of lug structure of cable is multiple, cable is distributed and connected in striding mode through lug structure in the inner lower side of entire wood arch, cable has two groups, the lug structure of one group cable and the lug structure of another group are staggered by one point in the transverse direction of large-span wood arch roof, two groups of cable are linear array distribution in the longitudinal direction of large-span wood arch roof, the beneficial effects of the application: solve the utilization efficiency reduction of existing wood arch roof structure under adverse conditions even affect the structure safety problem, while avoiding affecting wood arch roof net height and visual perception effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of wooden arch roof structures, and particularly to a large-span wooden arch structure reinforced with prestress. Background Technology

[0002] Modern wooden arch roof structures have advantages such as being green and environmentally friendly, having a high assembly rate, and being aesthetically pleasing and natural, and are increasingly being used in public buildings.

[0003] Wood has a fibrous microstructure, with significantly greater strength along the grain than across it. This advantage can be fully utilized in the construction of timber arch roof structures, resulting in a specific strength exceeding that of ordinary steel. An ideal timber arch roof structure can maximize the use of wood's excellent compressive strength, achieving a large span with a small cross-section. The main structure provides support points for the timber arch, and the two are hinged together by supports. The main structure is subjected to vertical and lateral support forces, requiring sufficient stiffness and load-bearing capacity to resist lateral forces or displacements. Otherwise, the ideal timber arch effect will be weakened to some extent, shifting from being primarily compressed to primarily bent, significantly reducing the span capacity. Inadequate support design at the contact points between the main structure and the arch span structure, or even inadequate support requirements, can lead to problems. For example, if the arch foot of the timber arch span structure rests on the supports of a high cantilever column of the main structure for a hinged connection, one solution is to use tie rods between the two supports of the same timber arch to balance the horizontal thrust and limit lateral deformation. However, when the tie rod structure is exposed in the interior space, it affects the net height and visual appearance under the timber arch roof. On the other hand, under the action of non-uniformly distributed loads along the span direction, such as unevenly distributed snow loads or wind loads, the wooden arch will also have a large bending component in its internal forces, which will cause a reduction in structural efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, due to transportation limitations, large-scale timber arch roof structural components are generally divided into several sections and transported to the site for assembly. The spliced ​​structures typically use pin-type fasteners, which generally cannot achieve the same stiffness as the unspliced, continuous components. Weak nodes can amplify deformation of the timber arch roof structure, and even lead to geometric failure of the entire structure, which to some extent restricts the application and promotion of large-span timber arch roof structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing wooden arch roof structures suffer from reduced utilization efficiency or even structural safety issues when the supports cannot provide sufficient lateral force and lateral displacement stiffness, the splicing joints have weak bending performance, or when subjected to non-uniform loads. This invention provides a large-span wooden arch structure reinforced with prestress, which solves the technical problem of reduced utilization efficiency or even structural safety issues associated with wooden arch roof structures.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress includes:

[0008] Main structure;

[0009] A wooden arch, one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the main structure, is composed of multiple wooden arch segments. These segments are combined to form an arch-shaped wooden arch. The wooden arch segments are fixedly connected at the splicing structure to form a continuous wooden arch.

[0010] Cables are used to increase the preload of the wooden arch to improve its span or to reduce its cross-section while keeping the span constant. The cables are connected to the wooden arch on one side via ear plate structures. There are multiple ear plate structures, and the cables are distributed across the entire side of the wooden arch via these ear plate structures. There are two sets of cables, one set of which has ear plate structures offset from the other set by one point in the transverse direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. The two sets of cables are distributed in a linear array that intersects each other in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof.

[0011] The lower end of the wooden arch has a wooden arch foot. One set of the two sets of cables is distributed and connected such that the ear plate structure crosses from the wooden arch foot on the left side of the wooden arch, passes under the wooden arch, and crosses to the wooden arch foot near the right side of the wooden arch. The other set of cables is distributed and connected such that the ear plate structure crosses from the wooden arch foot near the left side of the wooden arch, passes under the wooden arch, and crosses to the wooden arch foot on the right side of the wooden arch.

[0012] The wooden arches are linearly arrayed along the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. Each wooden arch has two sets of cables on its lower side. One set of cables and the other set of cables are linearly distributed on the lower side of the wooden arch along the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof.

[0013] All the ear plate structures on one set of cables are offset from all the ear plate structures on another set of cables by one point in the transverse direction of the large-span wooden arch roof.

[0014] The upper end of the main structure has a high cantilever column, the lower end of the wooden arch has a groove, the upper end of the high cantilever column has a steel insert plate, the steel insert plate is inserted into the groove, the steel insert plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the wooden arch by a pin, and the ear plate structure is connected to the steel insert plate and located inside the wooden arch.

[0015] The ear plate structure has a steel ear plate, one end of which is connected to the steel insert plate, and the other end of which is hinged to the cable. The cable has a cable body and a lock head. The steel ear plate is hinged to the lock head through the pin, and the cable body is connected to the lock head. The cable body is connected to the cable body of another cable.

[0016] The lower side of the wooden arch, i.e., away from the lower end of the wooden arch, has a steel end plate. The steel end plate is attached to the lower end surface of the wooden arch and fixed to the wooden arch by self-tapping screws. The ear plate structure has a steel ear plate, one end of which is connected to the steel end plate, and the other end of which is hinged to the cable. The cable has a cable body and a lock head. The steel ear plate is hinged to the lock head by the pin. The cable body is connected to the lock head and is connected to the cable body of another cable.

[0017] The wooden arch segments are connected to each other by the splicing structure. Each of the two wooden arch segments has a splicing end at the joint. Each of the two splicing ends has a groove, in which a steel insert plate is inserted. A pin passes through the wooden arch and the steel insert plate and fixes the wooden arch and the steel insert plate together.

[0018] A ring beam connects the upper ends of the main structures. The ring beam connects the two main structures in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof, and the upper end of the ring beam is fixedly connected to the wooden arch.

[0019] The wooden arches are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof by purlins.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This invention utilizes cables, after tensioning, to form a combined structure with the compressed wooden arch, clearly defining their roles. This increases the bending arm height of the main structure, thereby improving the span capacity of the wooden arch, or reducing its cross-section while maintaining the same span. The cables enhance the overall stiffness of the wooden arch's cross-section, resulting in relatively smaller additional deformation under later loads. This reduces or avoids damage to non-structural components caused by deformation. The bending deformation of the main structure caused by the initial tensioning force can be offset by pre-arching the structure.

[0022] 2. In this invention, the cable connects to the supports at both ends of the wooden arch via the lower side. After tensioning, the cable provides opposing forces to the supports, offsetting part or all of the outward thrust of the arch foot, eliminating the adverse effects of the high cantilever columns in the lower structure, and reducing the lateral reaction force on the lower structure, thus making it easier to design. The improved system can achieve partial or complete self-balancing of internal forces, reducing the bending moment component and increasing the axial compression component within the wooden arch, further strengthening the arch effect, improving timber utilization efficiency, and reducing subsequent vertical deflection, resulting in a significant improvement in the overall structural performance.

[0023] 3. The appropriate initial tension of the wooden arch in this invention ensures that the end face of the wooden arch at the splicing structure node is always in a state of full or most contact compression under various working conditions. It can directly utilize the excellent compressive properties of wood, reduce or avoid the tensile force of the cross section inefficiently transmitted by the pin, thereby improving the node bearing capacity and stiffness of each ear plate structure, and approaching the continuous wooden arch component with no loss of strength.

[0024] 4. The cable of this invention can increase the adaptability of wooden arches to uneven loads such as wind load, live load, and snow load.

[0025] 5. The interlaced cables of this invention are arranged along the bottom of the wooden arch. Compared with the conventional method of adding arch foot tie rods, this invention occupies less net height and has a better architectural visual appearance.

[0026] 6. This invention can also be used to reinforce existing wooden arch structures. Simply replace the flexible cables with rigid components such as steel pipes and wooden poles. Self-tapping screws that pass through the steel end plates can be directly driven into the wooden arch to provide a connection surface. The construction process is simple and quick. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram showing the contact position between the main structure of the present invention and the arch foot of the wooden arch;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the ear plate on the lower side of the interior of the wooden arch of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the wooden arch and the wooden arch connection structure of the present invention.

[0033] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0034] 1-Main structure, 101-High cantilever column, 102-Ring beam, 2-Wooden arch, 201-Wooden arch foot, 202-Wooden arch splice end, 3-Cable, 301-Cable body, 302-Lock head, 4-Arch foot node, 5-Splice structure, 6-Ear plate structure, 7-Steel ear plate, 8-Steel insert plate, 9-Steel pin, 10-Steel end plate, 11-Self-tapping screw. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a large-span wooden arch structure reinforced with prestress, including: a main structure 1, a wooden arch 2, and cables 3. The lower end of the wooden arch 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the main structure 1. The wooden arch 2 is composed of multiple wooden arch segments, which are combined to form an arched wooden arch 2. The wooden arch segments are fixedly connected to each other at splicing structures 5 to form a continuous wooden arch 2. Cables 3 are used to increase the prestress of the wooden arch 2 to improve its span capacity or to reduce its cross-section when the span of the wooden arch 2 remains unchanged. Cables 3 are connected to the wooden arch 2 on the inner lower side through ear plate structures 6. There are multiple ear plate structures 6. Cables 3 are distributed and connected across the entire inner lower side of the wooden arch 2 through ear plate structures 6. There are two sets of cables 3. The ear plate structures 6 of one set of cables 3 are offset from each other by one point in the transverse direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. The specific point distribution is as follows. Figure 2 As shown, all the ear plate structures 6 of one set of cables 3 are arranged in an arc array along the wooden arch 2, and all the ear plate structures 6 of another set of cables 3 are arranged in an arc array along the wooden arch 2. Figure 2 The view shows that a set of cables 3 has an ear plate structure 6 on the wooden arch 2. The next ear plate structure 6 distributed along the arc of the wooden arch 2 is another set of cables 3 ear plate structures 6. The next ear plate structure 6 distributed along the arc of the wooden arch 2 is another set of cables 3 ear plate structures 6, and so on. The two sets of cables 3 are arranged in this way in the transverse direction of the large-span wooden arch roof, and the two sets of cables 3 are distributed in a linear array that intersects each other in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof.

[0038] Specific examples Figure 1-3 As shown, the lower end of the wooden arch 2 has a wooden arch foot 201. One set of cables 3 is distributed and connected as follows: the ear plate structure 6 crosses from the wooden arch foot 201 on the left side of the wooden arch 2 (arch foot node 4) across the lower side of the wooden arch 2 to the wooden arch foot 201 near the right side of the wooden arch 2 (arch foot node 4). The other set of cables 3 is distributed and connected as follows: the ear plate structure 6 crosses from the wooden arch foot 201 near the left side of the wooden arch 2 (inner upper side of arch foot node 4) across the lower side of the wooden arch 2 to the wooden arch foot 201 on the right side of the wooden arch 2 (arch foot node 4).

[0039] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the wooden arches 2 are linearly arrayed along the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. Each wooden arch 2 has two sets of cables 3 on its lower side. One set of cables 3 and the other set of cables 3 are linearly distributed on the lower side of the wooden arch 2 along the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof.

[0040] from Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that all the ear plate structures 6 on one set of cables 3 and all the ear plate structures 6 on another set of cables 3 are staggered by one point in the transverse direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. That is, the ear plate structures 6 of one set of cables 3 and the ear plate structures 6 of another set of cables 3 are distributed in a staggered manner.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the wooden arch 2 has a groove, and the upper end of the main structure 1 has a steel insert plate 8. The steel insert plate 8 is inserted into the groove, and the steel insert plate 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the wooden arch 2 by a pin 9. The ear plate structure 6 is connected to the steel insert plate 8 and is located inside the wooden arch 2.

[0042] The ear plate structure 6 has a steel ear plate 7, one end of which is connected to a steel insert plate 8, and the other end of which is hinged to the cable 3. The ear plate structure 6 at the support is connected to the steel insert plate 8 and is located inside the wooden arch 2.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the ear plate structure 6 on the lower side of the wooden arch 2 has a steel end plate 10. The steel end plate 10 is attached to the lower end surface of the wooden arch 2 and is fixed to the wooden arch 2 by self-tapping screws 11. The ear plate structure 6 has a steel ear plate 7. One end of the steel ear plate 7 is connected to the steel end plate 10, and the other end of the steel ear plate 7 is hinged to the cable 3.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the wooden arch segments are connected by a splicing structure 5. Each of the two wooden arch segments has a wooden arch splicing end 202 at the joint. Each of the two wooden arch splicing ends 202 has a groove at the joint. A steel insert plate 8 is inserted into the groove. A pin 9 passes through the wooden arch 2 and the steel insert plate 8 and fixes the wooden arch 2 and the steel insert plate 8.

[0045] A ring beam 102 connects the upper ends of the main structure 1 to the upper ends of the main structure 1. The ring beam 102 connects the two main structures 1 in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof. The upper end of the ring beam 102 is fixedly connected to the wooden arch 2. The wooden arches 2 are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch roof via purlins. The method by which the upper end of the ring beam 102 is fixedly connected to the wooden arch 2 is similar to... Figure 3 The connection method is the same and will not be repeated here.

[0046] Furthermore, the preferred rise of the wooden arch 2 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the span, the preferred cross-sectional height is 1 / 25 to 1 / 40 of the span, and the preferred height between the intersection of the transverse intersections of the cables 3 and the centerline of the wooden arch 2 is 1 / 15 to 1 / 25 of the span.

[0047] Furthermore, the self-tapping screws 11 in the nodes of the ear plate structure 6 preferably have a diameter of 7 to 11 mm, a length of 200 to 500 mm, an insertion angle of 45°, and are preferably arranged in symmetrical pairs.

[0048] Furthermore, the number of single-frame splicing nodes (the joints between two wooden arches 2) should not exceed three.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, the wooden arch 2 is divided into multiple wooden arch segments. The arch feet 201 are connected to the lower main structure through arch foot nodes 4. The wooden arch segments are spliced ​​together to form a continuous wooden arch 2 component. Each node on the lower side of the interior of the wooden arch 2 should be connected to a cable 3. The purlins connected between two wooden arches 2 can be wooden purlins or steel purlins, and the purlins are covered with a roofing system. Only one set of cables is installed at the cable 3 node at the arch foot node 4. The two sets of cable nodes are anchored by self-tapping screws that pass through the steel end plate 10 and are obliquely nailed into the wooden arch 2. The steel ear plate 7 is connected to the steel end plate 10. The cables 3 are tensioned symmetrically in batches, groups, or grades to apply prestress within the wooden arch 2.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] After tensioning, the cable 3, together with the compressed wooden arch 2, forms a combined structure with a clearly defined function. This increases the bending arm height of the main structure 1, thereby improving the span capacity of the wooden arch 2, or reduces the cross-section of the wooden arch 2 while keeping its span constant. The cable 3 can improve the overall stiffness of the cross-section of the wooden arch 2, making the additional deformation of the wooden arch 2 under later loads relatively small, reducing or avoiding damage to non-structural components caused by deformation. The bending deformation of the main structure 1 caused by the initial tensioning force of the wooden arch 2 can be offset by pre-tensioning the wooden arch 2.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] After tensioning, cable 3 provides opposing forces to the arch feet 201 of the wooden arch, offsetting part or all of the outward thrust of the arch feet, eliminating the adverse effects of the high cantilever column 101 in the substructure, and reducing the lateral reaction force received by the substructure, thus making it easier to design. The improved system can achieve partial or complete self-balancing of internal forces, reducing the bending moment component and increasing the axial compression component in the wooden arch 2, further strengthening the arch effect, improving timber utilization efficiency, and reducing the subsequent vertical additional deflection, resulting in a significant improvement in the overall structural performance. The appropriate initial tension of the wooden arch 2 ensures that the end faces of the wooden arch at the splicing structure nodes are always in a state of full or mostly contact compression under various working conditions, directly utilizing the excellent compressive properties of timber, reducing or avoiding the tensile force component of the section inefficiently transmitted by the pin 9, thereby improving the node bearing capacity and stiffness of each splicing structure 5, approaching the strength loss of a continuous wooden arch member.

[0055] Cable 3 can increase the adaptability of the wooden arch 2 to uneven loads such as wind load, live load, and snow load.

[0056] The cross-interval cables 3 are arranged along the bottom of the wooden arch. Compared with the conventional method of adding arch foot tie rods, the present invention occupies less net height and has a better architectural visual appearance.

[0057] This invention can also be used to reinforce existing wooden arch structures. Simply replace the flexible cables with rigid components such as steel pipes and wooden poles. Self-tapping screws that pass through the steel end plates can be directly driven into the wooden arch to provide a connection surface. The construction process is simple and quick.

[0058] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress, characterized in that, include: Main structure (1); Wooden arch (2), one end of which is fixedly connected to one end of the main structure (1), the wooden arch (2) is composed of multiple wooden arch segments, the multiple wooden arch segments are combined to form an arch-shaped wooden arch (2), the wooden arch segments are fixedly connected to each other at the splicing structure (5) to form a continuous wooden arch (2), the rise of the wooden arch (2) is 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the span, and the cross-sectional height is 1 / 25 to 1 / 40 of the span; Cable (3) is used to increase the preload and lever arm height of the wooden arch (2) to improve the span of the wooden arch (2) or to reduce the cross-section of the wooden arch (2) when the span of the wooden arch (2) remains unchanged. The cable (3) is connected to the wooden arch (2) on one side of the wooden arch (2) through the ear plate structure (6). There are multiple ear plate structures (6). The cable (3) is connected in a spanning manner on one side of the entire wooden arch (2) through the ear plate structure (6). The cable (3) has two sets. The ear plate structure (6) of one set of cable (3) and the ear plate structure (6) of the other set are offset by one point in the transverse direction of the large span wooden arch structure. The two sets of cable (3) are distributed in a linear array that intersects each other in the longitudinal direction of the large span wooden arch structure. The height between the intersection point of the cable (3) in the transverse direction and the center line of the wooden arch (2) is 1 / 15 to 1 / 25 of the span. The ear plate structure (6) includes a steel ear plate (7) and a steel end plate (10). The steel end plate (10) is attached to the lower end surface of the wooden arch (2). The steel end plate (10) is fixed to the wooden arch (2) by self-tapping screws (11). One end of the steel ear plate (7) is connected to the steel end plate (10), and the other end of the steel ear plate (7) is hinged to the cable (3). The self-tapping screws (11) are driven in at an angle of 45° and are arranged symmetrically in pairs. A ring beam (102) is connected between the upper ends of the main structure (1) and the upper ends of the main structure (1). The ring beam (102) connects the two main structures (1) in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch structure. The upper end of the ring beam (102) is fixedly connected to the wooden arch (2). The wooden arch (2) and the wooden arch (2) are connected in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch structure by purlins.

2. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the wooden arch (2) has a wooden arch foot (201). One set of the two sets of cables (3) is distributed and connected such that the ear plate structure (6) crosses from the wooden arch foot (201) on the left side of the wooden arch (2) through the lower side of the wooden arch (2) to the wooden arch foot (201) near the right side of the wooden arch (2). The other set of cables (3) is distributed and connected such that the ear plate structure (6) crosses from the wooden arch foot (201) near the left side of the wooden arch (2) through the lower side of the wooden arch (2) to the wooden arch foot (201) on the right side of the wooden arch (2).

3. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wooden arches (2) are linearly arrayed along the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch structure. Each wooden arch (2) has two sets of cables (3) on its lower side. One set of cables (3) and the other set of cables (3) are linearly distributed on the lower side of the wooden arch (2) in the longitudinal direction of the large-span wooden arch structure.

4. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 3, characterized in that, All the ear plate structures (6) on one set of cables (3) are offset from all the ear plate structures (6) on another set of cables (3) by one point in the transverse direction of the long-span wooden arch structure.

5. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the wooden arch (2) has a groove, and the upper end of the main structure (1) has a steel insert plate (8). The steel insert plate (8) is inserted into the groove, and the steel insert plate (8) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the wooden arch (2) by a pin (9). The ear plate structure (6) is connected to the steel insert plate (8) and is located inside the wooden arch (2).

6. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ear plate structure (6) has a steel ear plate (7), one end of which is connected to the steel insert plate (8), and the other end of which is hinged to the cable (3).

7. A large-span timber arch structure reinforced with prestress according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wooden arch segments are connected to each other by the splicing structure (5). Each of the two wooden arch segments has a wooden arch splicing end (202) at the joint. Each of the two wooden arch splicing ends (202) has a groove at the joint. A steel insert plate (8) is inserted into the groove. A pin (9) passes through the wooden arch (2) and the steel insert plate (8) and fixes the wooden arch (2) and the steel insert plate (8).

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