Coal seam swelling deformation amount monitoring device and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a coal seam expansion deformation amount monitoring device and method, relates to the technical field of coal seam roof and floor deformation monitoring of through-hole drilling, and the coal seam expansion deformation amount monitoring device comprises a near clamping component and a far clamping component, the near clamping component comprises an outer tube and an inner tube, the outer tube is used for being fixedly arranged at the near end of a drilling hole mouth, the far clamping component is used for being fixedly arranged at the far end of the drilling hole mouth, the upper outer wall of the inner tube is provided with a scale, the upper end of the inner tube passes through the upper end of the outer tube and is slidingly connected in the outer tube, and the lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected with the far clamping component. The coal seam expansion deformation amount monitoring device and method of the embodiment of the present application replace the flexible steel wire rope with a rigid tube to transmit the displacement amount, the anchoring point is arranged between the coal seam floor and the coal seam roof, the displacement amount between two points is used to directly reflect the coal seam expansion deformation amount, the coal seam expansion deformation amount is a direct measurement result, and it is not necessary to calculate, so that the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal seam top and bottom deformation monitoring technology through borehole drilling, and particularly to a coal seam expansion deformation monitoring device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Coal and gas outbursts are a highly destructive gas dynamic phenomenon in mines, posing a significant threat to mine safety and the lives of workers. Protective seam mining is a fundamental and effective measure to prevent coal and gas outbursts and ensure safe mine production. The main indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of protective seam mining include residual gas pressure in the coal seam, residual gas content in the coal seam, and coal seam expansion and deformation.

[0003] When using residual gas pressure and content in coal seams to assess the protective effect of protective layer mining, the evaluation scope is only applicable to coal seams within the control area of ​​the measuring point. The protective effect cannot be evaluated for coal seams outside this control area. According to Article 55 of the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outbursts," when using coal seam expansion deformation to assess the protective effect of protective layer mining, if the actual maximum expansion deformation of the protected layer exceeds 3‰, the test and assessment results can be applied to other areas with the same protective layer and protected layer relationship. Therefore, the evaluation results of coal seam expansion deformation are more reliable and have a wider applicability. When assessing the effectiveness of protective layer mining, coal seam expansion deformation should be given priority as the assessment indicator.

[0004] Currently, when examining coal seam expansion and deformation, a roof separation meter is generally used as the monitoring device. Its monitoring principle is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, 1' is the measuring cylinder, 2' is the scale indicator ring, 3' is the scale, 4' is the tensioning screw, 5' is the wire rope, 6' is the shallow base point anchor, 7' is the borehole, and 8' is the deep base point anchor. The roof separation meter is arranged in the borehole from the roadway to the coal seam to be protected. Base points are set at the roof strata, floor strata, and borehole opening of the coal seam. By measuring the displacement changes of the roof strata base points and floor strata base points relative to the borehole opening base points, the relative displacement between the roof strata base points and floor strata base points is indirectly measured, which is the expansion deformation of the protected coal seam.

[0005] The main disadvantages of using a roof separation meter to measure coal seam expansion and deformation are as follows:

[0006] (1) The roof separation instrument needs to set up three base points in the observation borehole: the roof rock stratum base point, the floor rock stratum base point, and the borehole opening base point. By measuring the displacement of the roof rock stratum base point and the floor rock stratum base point relative to the borehole opening base point, the displacement between the roof rock stratum base point and the floor rock stratum base point is calculated. The coal seam expansion deformation is an indirect measurement result rather than a direct measurement result, and its accuracy is relatively low.

[0007] (2) When the local stress is high, the surrounding rock is soft, and the roof and floor of the roadway are severely deformed, the monitoring borehole base point is unstable and damaged, which often leads to the failure of the monitoring work. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a coal seam expansion deformation monitoring device and method to improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.

[0009] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device, comprising a near-mounting component and a far-mounting component, wherein:

[0010] The near-clamping component includes an outer tube and an inner tube, the outer tube being used to fix it to the near end of the borehole opening;

[0011] The remote clamping component is used to fix it at the far end of the borehole opening;

[0012] The upper outer wall of the inner tube is provided with graduations. The upper end of the inner tube passes through the upper end of the outer tube and is slidably connected inside the outer tube. The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the remote card component.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one embodiment of the first aspect, when the borehole is a downward cross-layer borehole, the proximal end of the borehole opening is located on the top of the coal seam, and the distal end of the borehole opening is located on the bottom of the coal seam; when the borehole is an upward cross-layer borehole, the proximal end of the borehole opening is located on the bottom of the coal seam, and the distal end of the borehole opening is located on the top of the coal seam.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, the remote locking component includes a lower anchorage, wherein:

[0015] The lower anchor seat has at least three first claws evenly distributed around its lower end. The middle part of the first claw is hinged to the lower anchor seat. The outer part of the first claw is used to press against the borehole wall. The inner end of the first claw is connected to a first tension rope.

[0016] The upper end of the lower anchor is connected to the lower end of the inner tube, and the first tension rope passes through the inner tube and extends to the upper end of the inner tube.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, a movable disc and a pull rod are further provided between the first tensioning rope and the first top claw, wherein:

[0018] The movable disc is vertically slidably connected to the lower end of the lower anchor seat. The upper end of the movable disc is connected to the lower end of the first tension rope. The lower end of the movable disc is hinged to one end of the pull rod, and the other end of the pull rod is hinged to the inner end of the first top claw.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, the upper end of the inner tube is provided with a first top cover, the upper end of the first tensioning rope is fixed to the first top cover, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the upper end of the inner tube and the first top cover.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, the upper end of the inner tube is threadedly connected with an adjustment cap;

[0021] And / or, the outer side of the first claw is provided with tooth grooves;

[0022] And / or, the inner tube is formed by connecting at least two tubes sequentially by threads.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, the upper end of the outer tube is provided with an upper fixing ring for fixing the outer tube at the borehole opening. The upper fixing ring includes an annular portion fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer tube and a blocking portion extending laterally outward from the upper edge of the annular portion.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, at least three supports are evenly provided circumferentially at the lower end of the outer tube, and a second claw is provided on the support. The middle part of the second claw is hinged to the support, the outer part of the second claw is used to press against the borehole wall, and a second tension rope is connected to the inner end of the second claw. The second tension rope passes through the outer tube and extends to the upper end of the outer tube.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in another embodiment of the first aspect, the upper end of the outer tube is provided with a second top cover, the upper end of the second tensioning rope is fixed to the second top cover, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the upper end of the outer tube and the second top cover.

[0026] And / or, the outer tube includes an end cap at the top, a middle section, and a support end at the bottom, the end cap, the middle section, and the support end being threaded together in sequence, the middle section being formed by at least two tubes being threaded together in sequence, and the support being located on the support end;

[0027] And / or, the outer side of the second claw is provided with tooth grooves.

[0028] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for monitoring coal seam expansion and deformation using the aforementioned coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device, the method comprising:

[0029] Select the boreholes that need to be monitored;

[0030] The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the remote clamping component. The remote clamping component is placed at the far end of the borehole opening and fixed in place, so that the upper part of the inner tube protrudes a certain distance from the borehole opening.

[0031] The outer tube of the near-card component is passed through the upper part of the inner tube and slowly placed near the hole opening, and the outer tube is fixed near the end of the drill hole opening;

[0032] Record the length markings of the portion of the inner tube extending beyond the outer tube;

[0033] Regularly check the changes in the length scale of the inner tube extending beyond the outer tube to monitor the delamination of the coal seam roof and the expansion of the coal body.

[0034] The coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device and method provided in this invention includes a near-clamping component and a far-clamping component. The outer tube of the near-clamping component is fixed at the near end of the borehole opening, and the far-clamping component is fixed at the far end of the borehole opening. The upper outer wall of the inner tube of the near-clamping component is provided with a scale. The upper end of the inner tube passes through the upper end of the outer tube and is slidably connected inside the outer tube. The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the far-clamping component. Compared with the existing roof separation instrument, this invention uses a rigid tube instead of a flexible steel wire rope to transmit displacement. The anchoring point is set between the coal seam floor and roof. The displacement between the two points is used to directly reflect the coal seam expansion and deformation. The coal seam expansion and deformation is a direct measurement result without calculation, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. It provides accurate and reliable roof and floor separation data for safe coal mine production and facilitates the evaluation of the protective effect of the protective layer by the staff. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the monitoring principle of a top slab delamination meter based on existing technology.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring principle of the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the monitoring principle of the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the inner tube and remote card component in the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional view, and (c) is a top view;

[0040] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the outer tube in the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a sectional view, and (c) is a bottom view;

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the remote clamping component in the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of the top claw in the contracted state and (b) is a schematic diagram of the top claw in the extended state.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first claw of the remote clamping component in the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] On the one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device, such as... Figure 2-7 As shown, it includes a near-card component and a far-card component 3, wherein:

[0046] The near-clamping component includes an outer tube 1 and an inner tube 2. The outer tube 1 is used to fix it to the near end of the borehole 10.

[0047] The remote clamping component 3 is used to fix it at the far end of the borehole opening of the borehole 10;

[0048] The upper outer wall of the inner tube 2 is provided with a scale 21. The upper end of the inner tube 2 passes through the upper end of the outer tube 1 and is slidably connected inside the outer tube 1. This can both position the inner tube 2 and ensure that the inner tube 2 and the outer tube 1 can move axially relative to each other.

[0049] The lower end of the inner tube 2 is fixedly connected to the remote clamping component 3.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, borehole 10 can be either an upward-moving or downward-moving cross-layer borehole. When borehole 10 is a downward-moving cross-layer borehole, the near end of the borehole opening is located at the coal seam roof 20, and the far end of the borehole opening is located at the coal seam floor 30. In this case, the near-end clamping component is the upper clamping component, and the far-end clamping component 3 is the lower clamping component. When borehole 10 is an upward-moving cross-layer borehole, the near end of the borehole opening is located at the coal seam floor 30, and the far end of the borehole opening is located at the coal seam roof 20. In this case, the near-end clamping component is the lower clamping component, and the far-end clamping component 3 is the upper clamping component. The following embodiment of the invention uses a downward-moving cross-layer borehole as an example to introduce the coal seam expansion deformation monitoring device and method. This embodiment of the invention can also be applied to upward-moving cross-layer boreholes.

[0051] In use, the lower end of the inner tube 2 is fixedly connected to the remote clamping component 3, and the remote clamping component 3 is fixed at the far end of the borehole 10 (coal seam bottom plate 30). The outer tube 1 of the near clamping component passes through the upper part of the inner tube 2 and is fixed at the near end of the borehole 10 (coal seam top plate 20). The length scale of the part of the inner tube 2 extending out of the outer tube 1 is recorded. The value of the length scale of the part of the inner tube 2 extending out of the outer tube 1 is checked periodically to monitor the delamination of the coal seam top plate 20 and the expansion of the coal body.

[0052] The monitoring principle of the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to this invention is as follows:

[0053] After the protective layer is mined, free space is formed in the rock mass, the balance of the original rock stress is disrupted, the in-situ stress is redistributed, and the rock mass shifts towards the goaf, resulting in roof collapse or subsidence and floor bulging. The coal seam 40 and the rock mass are depressurized and expanded, producing cracks of different sizes. After deformation or crack separation, the outer pipe 1 moves with the movement of the coal seam roof 20. By observing the relative position of the upper end face of the outer pipe 1 and the scale 21 on the inner pipe 2, the relative displacement or deformation of the coal seam roof 20 and floor 30 can be determined, i.e., the amount of coal seam expansion deformation.

[0054] The coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device of this invention includes a near-clamping component and a far-clamping component. The outer tube of the near-clamping component is fixed at the near end of the borehole opening, and the far-clamping component is fixed at the far end of the borehole opening. The upper outer wall of the inner tube of the near-clamping component is graduated. The upper end of the inner tube passes through the upper end of the outer tube and is slidably connected inside the outer tube. The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the far-clamping component. Compared with existing roof separation instruments, this invention uses a rigid tube instead of a flexible steel wire rope to transmit displacement. The anchoring point is set between the coal seam floor and roof. The displacement between the two points directly reflects the coal seam expansion and deformation. The coal seam expansion and deformation is a direct measurement result, requiring no calculation, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. This provides accurate and reliable roof and floor separation data for safe coal mine production, facilitating the evaluation of the protective layer's effectiveness by workers. This invention can conveniently and accurately monitor the roof and floor deformation and separation displacement caused by coal expansion in cross-layer boreholes.

[0055] The remote card component 3 in this embodiment of the invention preferably adopts the following structural form:

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the remote card component 3 may include a lower anchor base 31, wherein:

[0057] At least three first claws 32 are evenly provided around the lower end of the lower anchoring base 31. The middle part of the first claw 32 is hinged to the lower anchoring base 31. The outer part of the first claw 32 is used to press against the wall of the drill hole 10. The inner end of the first claw 32 is connected to the first tension rope 33.

[0058] The upper end of the lower anchor 31 is connected to the lower end of the inner tube 2, and the first tension rope 33 passes through the inner tube 2 and extends to the upper end of the inner tube 2.

[0059] Initially, the first claw 32 is in a retracted state (see reference). Figure 6 (a) This does not affect the insertion of the inner tube 2 into the borehole 10. During use, after the lower end of the inner tube 2 is inserted into the appropriate position on the coal seam floor 30 along the borehole 10, tighten the first tensioning rope 33. The first tensioning rope 33 pulls the inner end of the first claw 32 (i.e., the end of the first claw 32 away from the borehole wall of the borehole 10), causing the first claw 32 to rotate around the hinge axis. The first claw 32 gradually changes from a retracted state to an extended state (see reference). Figure 6 In section (b), the distance between the outer side of the first claw 32 (i.e., the end of the first claw 32 closest to the borehole wall of the borehole 10) and the borehole wall of the borehole 10 gradually decreases until the first claw 32 tightly presses against the borehole wall of the borehole 10, thereby fixing the lower end of the inner tube 2 to the coal seam floor 30, making it an integral part of the coal seam floor 30. The number of first claws 32 can be flexibly designed according to needs, for example, there can be 3-10. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the number of first claws 32 is 4.

[0060] Continue as Figure 4 As shown, to improve the ease of driving the first claw 32, a movable disc 34 and a pull rod 35 can also be provided between the first tensioning rope 33 and the first claw 32, wherein:

[0061] The movable disc 34 is vertically slidably connected to the lower end of the lower anchor seat 31. The upper end of the movable disc 34 is connected to the lower end of the first tension rope 33. The lower end of the movable disc 34 is hinged to one end of the pull rod 35, and the other end of the pull rod 35 is hinged to the inner end of the first top claw 32.

[0062] Thus, the lower anchorage 31, movable disc 34, first claw 32, and pull rod 35 form a four-bar linkage mechanism. At this time, all first claws 32 can be pulled simultaneously using the same first tension rope 33, making operation convenient. In use, tightening the first tension rope 33 causes the movable disc 34 to slide vertically (axially) within the lower anchorage 31 under the pull of the first tension rope 33. The movable disc 34 pulls the inner end of the first claw 32 through the pull rod 35, and the first claw 32 gradually changes from a retracted state to an extended state, thereby fixing the lower end of the inner tube 2 to the coal seam floor 30.

[0063] The upper end of the inner tube 2 may be provided with a first top cover 22. The upper end of the first tension rope 33 is fixed to the first top cover 22. A pre-tension spring 23 is provided between the upper end of the inner tube 2 and the first top cover 22. The pre-tension spring 23 can provide a certain pre-tension force to keep the first tension rope 33 in a taut state, preventing the remote locking component 3 from loosening and improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. Furthermore, the upper end of the inner tube 2 may be threadedly connected to an adjustment cover 24 (which has internal threads and can be screwed onto the threads on the upper part of the inner tube 2). At this time, one end of the pre-tension spring 23 abuts against the first top cover 22, and the other end abuts against the adjustment cover 24. Rotating the adjustment cover 24 can adjust the pre-tension force of the pre-tension spring 23 to better prevent the remote locking component 3 from loosening.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, the outer side of the first claw 32 (the side closest to the borehole wall of borehole 10, i.e.) Figure 7 The left side may be provided with toothed grooves to increase the friction between the outer surface of the first claw 32 and the borehole wall of the drill hole 10, ensuring that the first claw 32 is tightly engaged with the borehole wall of the drill hole 10, and better preventing the remote jamming component 3 from loosening. The inner tube 2 is preferably formed by sequentially threading together at least two steel pipes (for example, 1m in length, with external threads at one end and internal threads at the other end). This allows the inner tube 2 of the required length to be formed by threading together the steel pipes, which is convenient for use.

[0065] like Figure 2As shown, the upper end of the outer tube 1 may be provided with an upper fixing ring 11 for fixing the outer tube 1 at the opening of the borehole 10. The upper fixing ring 11 includes an annular part fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer tube 1 (specifically, the inner surface of the annular part can be in close contact with the outer surface of the upper end of the outer tube 1, and the outer surface of the annular part can be in close contact with the borehole wall of the borehole 10) and a blocking part extending laterally outward from the upper edge of the annular part, which serves to position the outer tube 1 and prevent the outer tube 1 from sinking in the borehole 10.

[0066] To facilitate fixing the outer tube 1 to the near end of the borehole 10 (coal seam roof 20), the following structural form is preferably adopted in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0067] like Figure 5 As shown, at least three supports 12 can be evenly provided around the lower end of the outer tube 1 as lever fulcrums. A second claw 13 is provided on the support 12. The middle part of the second claw 13 is hinged to the support 12. The outer part of the second claw 13 is used to press against the wall of the drill hole 10. The inner end of the second claw 13 is connected to a second tension rope 14. The second tension rope 14 passes through the outer tube 1 and extends to the upper end of the outer tube 1.

[0068] Initially, the second claw 13 is in a retracted state, which does not affect the insertion of the outer tube 1 into the borehole 10. During use, after the lower end of the outer tube 1 is inserted into the appropriate position on the coal seam roof 20 along the borehole 10, the second tensioning rope 14 is tightened. The second tensioning rope 14 pulls the inner end of the second claw 13 (i.e., the end of the second claw 13 away from the borehole wall) to rotate the second claw 13 around the hinge axis. The second claw 13 gradually changes from a retracted state to an extended state, and the distance between the outer side of the second claw 13 (i.e., the end of the second claw 13 close to the borehole wall) and the borehole wall gradually decreases until the second claw 13 tightly presses against the borehole wall, thus fixing the outer tube 1 to the coal seam roof 20 and making it an integral part of the coal seam roof 20. The number of second claws 13 can be flexibly designed according to needs, for example, 3-10. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the number of second claws 13 is 4, and correspondingly, the number of supports 12 is also 4.

[0069] refer to Figure 7 The outer side of the second claw 13 may also be provided with tooth grooves to increase the friction between the outer side of the second claw 13 and the hole wall of the drill hole 10, ensuring that the second claw 13 is tightly engaged with the hole wall of the drill hole 10, so as to better prevent the outer tube 1 from loosening.

[0070] Continue as Figure 5As shown, the upper end of the outer tube 1 may be provided with a second top cover 15, the upper end of the second tension rope 14 is fixed on the second top cover 15, and a pre-tensioning spring 16 is provided between the upper end of the outer tube 1 and the second top cover 15. The pre-tensioning spring 16 can provide a certain pre-tensioning force to keep the second tension rope 14 in a taut state, so as to prevent the outer tube 1 from loosening and improve the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0071] Furthermore, the outer tube 1 may include an end cap 17 at the top, a middle section 18, and a support end 19 at the bottom. The end cap 17, the middle section 18, and the support end 19 are sequentially threaded together. At this time, one end of the preload spring 16 abuts against the second top cover 15, and the other end abuts against the end cap 17. In this way, rotating the end cap 17 can adjust the preload force of the preload spring 16, which can better prevent the outer tube 1 from loosening. The support 12 is located on the support end 19. The middle section 18 of the outer tube 1 is preferably formed by sequentially threading together at least two steel pipes (for example, with a length of 1m, one end with an external thread, and the other end with an internal thread). In this way, the required length of the outer tube 1 can be formed by threading together the steel pipes, which is convenient for use.

[0072] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for monitoring coal seam expansion and deformation using the aforementioned coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device, the method comprising:

[0073] Step 1: Select borehole 10 that needs to be monitored;

[0074] In this step, after selecting the borehole 10 to be monitored, it is necessary to remove the accumulated water and slag inside the borehole 10 to ensure that the inner pipe 1 and the outer pipe 2 can be fixed in the predetermined position. The borehole 10 in this step can be either an upward cross-layer borehole or a downward cross-layer borehole. Taking the downward cross-layer borehole as an example, the downward borehole should be as vertical as possible and penetrate the coal seam 40, entering at least 1 meter into the bottom of the coal seam.

[0075] Step 2: Fix the lower end of the inner tube 1 to the remote clamping component 3, place the remote clamping component 3 at the far end of the borehole 10 and fix the remote clamping component 3 so that the upper part of the inner tube 1 protrudes a certain distance from the borehole.

[0076] In this step, after placing the remote clamping component 3 at the far end of the borehole 10, the first tensioning rope 33 is pulled, and the first claw 32 gradually changes from a contracted state to an extended state under the action of the first tensioning rope 33, so as to fix the lower end of the inner tube 1 to the far end of the borehole 10; the upper part of the inner tube 1 preferably protrudes 0.3-0.5m from the borehole.

[0077] Step 3: Pass the outer tube 1 of the near-clamping component through the upper part of the inner tube 2, slowly place it near the hole opening, and fix the outer tube 1 near the hole opening of the drill hole 10;

[0078] In this step, after the outer tube 1 is fixed near the opening of the borehole 10, the second tension rope 14 is tightened. The second claw 13 gradually changes from a contracted state to an extended state under the action of the second tension rope 14, so as to fix the lower end of the outer tube 1 to the near end of the opening of the borehole 10. Then, the upper fixing ring 11 is slowly placed through the upper part of the outer tube 1 at the opening position to prevent the outer tube 1 from tilting.

[0079] After steps 2-3 are completed, the first tensioning rope 33 and the second tensioning rope 14 can be checked, and the adjusting cover 24 and the end cover 17 can be adjusted respectively to ensure that the first tensioning rope 33 and the second tensioning rope 14 have sufficient tension.

[0080] Step 4: Record the length of the portion of the inner tube 2 extending beyond the outer tube 1;

[0081] Step 5: Periodically check the changes in the length scale of the inner tube 2 extending out of the outer tube 1 to monitor the delamination of the coal seam roof 20 and the expansion of the coal body.

[0082] The coal seam expansion deformation monitoring method of this invention uses rigid pipes instead of flexible steel wire ropes to transmit displacement. Anchor points are set between the coal seam floor and roof, and the displacement between these two points directly reflects the coal seam expansion deformation. This direct measurement result eliminates the need for calculations, improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data. It provides accurate and reliable roof and floor separation data for safe coal mine production, facilitating the assessment of the protective layer's effectiveness by workers. This invention can conveniently and accurately monitor the roof and floor deformation and separation displacement caused by coal expansion in cross-layer boreholes.

[0083] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0084] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device, characterized in that, Includes near-card components and far-card components, among which: The near-clamping component includes an outer tube and an inner tube. The outer tube is used to fix the near end of the borehole opening. The upper end of the outer tube is provided with an upper fixing ring for fixing the outer tube at the borehole opening. The upper fixing ring includes an annular part fixedly connected to the upper end of the outer tube and a blocking part extending laterally outward from the upper edge of the annular part. The remote clamping component is used to fix itself at the far end of the borehole opening; the remote clamping component includes a lower anchoring base, wherein: at least three first claws are evenly provided circumferentially at the lower end of the lower anchoring base, the middle part of the first claw is hinged to the lower anchoring base, the outer part of the first claw is used to abut against the borehole wall, and the inner end of the first claw is connected to a first tension rope; the upper end of the lower anchoring base is connected to the lower end of the inner tube, and the first tension rope passes through the inner tube and extends to the upper end of the inner tube; At least three supports are evenly provided around the lower end of the outer tube. A second claw is provided on the support. The middle part of the second claw is hinged to the support. The outer part of the second claw is used to press against the borehole wall. A second tension rope is connected to the inner end of the second claw. The second tension rope passes through the outer tube and extends to the upper end of the outer tube. A movable disc and a pull rod are also provided between the first tensioning rope and the first top claw, wherein: the movable disc is vertically slidably connected to the lower end of the lower anchor seat, the upper end of the movable disc is connected to the lower end of the first tensioning rope, the lower end of the movable disc is hinged to one end of the pull rod, and the other end of the pull rod is hinged to the inner end of the first top claw; The upper end of the inner tube is provided with a first top cover, the upper end of the first tensioning rope is fixed to the first top cover, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the upper end of the inner tube and the first top cover; an adjustment cover is threadedly connected to the upper end of the inner tube; one end of the pre-tensioning spring abuts against the first top cover, and the other end of the pre-tensioning spring abuts against the adjustment cover. And / or, the outer side of the first claw is provided with tooth grooves; The upper end of the outer tube is provided with a second top cover, the upper end of the second tension rope is fixed on the second top cover, and a pre-tensioning spring is provided between the upper end of the outer tube and the second top cover; And / or, the outer tube includes an end cap at the top, a middle section, and a support end at the bottom, the end cap, the middle section, and the support end being threaded together in sequence, the middle section being formed by at least two tubes being threaded together in sequence, and the support being located on the support end; And / or, the outer side of the second claw is provided with tooth grooves; The upper outer wall of the inner tube is provided with graduations. The upper end of the inner tube passes through the upper end of the outer tube and is slidably connected inside the outer tube. The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the remote card component.

2. The coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the borehole is a downward cross-layer borehole, the near end of the borehole opening is located on the top of the coal seam, and the far end of the borehole opening is located on the bottom of the coal seam; when the borehole is an upward cross-layer borehole, the near end of the borehole opening is located on the bottom of the coal seam, and the far end of the borehole opening is located on the top of the coal seam.

3. The coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner tube is formed by connecting at least two tubes sequentially with threads.

4. A method for monitoring coal seam expansion and deformation using any one of the coal seam expansion and deformation monitoring devices according to claims 1-3, characterized in that, include: Select the boreholes that need to be monitored; The lower end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the remote clamping component. The remote clamping component is placed at the far end of the borehole opening and fixed in place, so that the upper part of the inner tube protrudes a certain distance from the borehole opening. The outer tube of the near-card component is passed through the upper part of the inner tube and slowly placed near the hole opening, and the outer tube is fixed near the end of the drill hole opening; Record the length markings of the portion of the inner tube extending beyond the outer tube; Regularly check the changes in the length scale of the inner tube extending beyond the outer tube to monitor the delamination of the coal seam roof and the expansion of the coal body.

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