A polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topological structure and its preparation method and application

Abstract

This invention provides a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology, its preparation method, and its application. The superplasticizer includes a main chain backbone and branched structures modified with different end groups; the main chain backbone is polyethylene oxide of different molecular weights; and the branched structures are branched polyglycidol. The advantages of this invention are that by combining anionic active ring-opening polymerization with end-group modification, functional polymers with controllable topological structures and end-group compositions can be prepared under relatively mild conditions. This polyionic liquid superplasticizer can be applied to inhibit crystallization and efficiently plasticize polymer solid electrolytes, achieving a significant improvement in room-temperature ion-conducting performance without sacrificing the mechanical properties of the electrolyte membrane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage functional polymer synthesis and application, specifically a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global energy conservation and emission reduction, electrochemical energy storage devices, represented by high-performance lithium batteries, have great potential for development and widespread application in the field of new energy. However, traditional lithium batteries, which contain highly flammable organic electrolytes, face bottlenecks in energy density and safety. Therefore, all-solid-state lithium batteries with higher safety performance and specific energy have become an important research direction, and all-solid-state polymer electrolytes, with their high flexibility, excellent processing performance, and high stability, have received considerable attention as a core component.

[0003] However, the urgent need for practical applications is met with significant developmental bottlenecks in all-solid-state electrolytes. Polymers achieve lithium conduction through the interaction of polar groups with lithium ions and the movement of amorphous chain segments. However, the high crystallinity of conventional lithium-conducting polymers such as polyethylene oxide and polycarbonate at room temperature limits their lithium conduction performance, making improvement at room temperature a major application challenge for polymer electrolytes. Superplasticizer blending technology, through molecular design and system adaptation, integrates three traditional modification strategies: plasticization, blending, and molecular topology modification. This effectively suppresses the crystallization behavior of traditional lithium-conducting polymers and significantly improves lithium conduction performance without affecting the membrane's mechanical strength or polymer phase stability. Furthermore, through more refined topological structure, chain segment, and end-group composition design, functionally specific groups and segments can be introduced into traditional polymer electrolyte systems, achieving a comprehensive improvement in lithium conduction performance under different operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies and provide a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology, its preparation method, and its application. This superplasticizer has advantages such as simple synthesis, high plasticizing efficiency, good high-pressure stability, good compatibility, and good solubility. It can be used in the preparation of all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membranes, achieving simultaneous improvement in ionic conductivity and charge-discharge stability without sacrificing membrane mechanical strength.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology, the superplasticizer comprising a main chain backbone and branched structures modified with different end groups; the main chain backbone is polyethylene oxide; the branched structure is branched polyglycidyl.

[0006] The different end-group modifications are ionic liquid groups composed of different anions and organic cations; the anions are selected from one of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl), trifluoromethanesulfonyl, perchlorate, difluorooxalateborate, and dioxalateborate; the organic cations are selected from one of N-methylimidazolium cation, pyridinium cation, n-butylpyrroleium cation, guanidinium cation, N-n-butylmorpholinium cation, N-n-butylpiperidinium cation, tripropylphosphine cation, and triethylammonium cation.

[0007] The polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology is abbreviated as L. x H y IL z-z’ In this context, L, H, and IL represent the linear main chain of lithium-conducting polyethylene oxide, the branched structure of polyglycidyl ether, and the terminal polyionic liquid group, respectively, while x, y, and z-z' are distinguishing codes for different components and molecular weights.

[0008] The preparation method of the above-mentioned polyionic liquid superplasticizer with composite topology can be divided into three steps: composite structure polymer synthesis, hydroxyl modification, and polyionic liquid group modification.

[0009] Specifically, the synthesis process of the aforementioned composite polymer can be divided into three steps: preparation of macromolecular initiators, ring-opening polymerization of living anions, and polymerization termination and purification. Specifically, Lewis bases are used to partially deprotonate polyethylene oxide of different molecular weights to prepare macromolecular initiators, which then initiate ring-opening polymerization of different amounts of glycidyl monomers. Finally, a superplasticizer with a composite linear-branched topology is obtained through proton exchange.

[0010] Preferably, the molecular weight of the above-mentioned polyethylene oxide is between 1,000 and 2,000,000.

[0011] Preferably, the Lewis base can be one or more of potassium methoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium hydride, and cesium hydroxide, and the amount added is 0.05 to 1 of the molar equivalent of the hydroxyl groups added to the polymer.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of glycidyl monomer added is 10% to 100% of the mass of the deprotonated polymer added.

[0013] Specifically, the above-mentioned hydroxyl modification process can be divided into two steps: carboxylation and chloropropylation. Specifically, the synthesized composite polymer is dissolved in a certain volume of anhydrous polar aprotic solvent, a certain amount of acid-binding agent triethylamine is added, and succinic anhydride solution is slowly added dropwise at a certain rate under an argon atmosphere at room temperature. After the addition is complete, the mixture is heated to a certain temperature and reacted for 24 hours. The product is dialyzed against ethanol for 2 days and then evaporated to dryness. The carboxylated polymer is dissolved in a mixed solution of 10 times excess epichlorohydrin and anhydrous polar aprotic solvent, reacted overnight at 100 degrees Celsius under argon protection, and the product is dialyzed against ethanol for two days and then evaporated to dryness to obtain the chloropropylated polymer.

[0014] Preferably, the anhydrous polar aprotic solvent is one of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and the polymer to solvent ratio (w / v) is 1:10 to 1:40. The succinic anhydride solution uses the same solvent.

[0015] Preferably, the carboxylation reaction temperature is 60~100 degrees Celsius.

[0016] Specifically, the above-mentioned polyionic liquid group modification process can be divided into two steps: end-group ionic liquid structure construction and anion exchange. Specifically, a chloropropylated superplasticizer molecule is dissolved in a certain amount of anhydrous solvent, and a certain amount of ionic liquid precursor is added dropwise under an argon atmosphere. The reaction is stirred at a certain temperature for a certain time, and the product is dried under vacuum after acetone precipitation, yielding a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topological structure using chloride ions as an anion. Subsequently, the product is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water, and an aqueous solution of a specific lithium salt with a molar equivalent to chloride ions is slowly added dropwise, resulting in precipitate formation. The precipitate is collected by suction filtration and repeatedly washed with deionized water, then dried under vacuum to obtain a specific anionic polyionic liquid superplasticizer.

[0017] Preferably, the anhydrous solvent is one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone.

[0018] Preferably, the ionic liquid precursor can be one or more of N-methylimidazolium, pyridine, N-butylpyrrolidine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine, N-butylmorpholine, N-butylpiperidine, tripropylphosphine, and triethylamine.

[0019] Preferably, the specific lithium salt mentioned above can be one or more of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, and lithium bis(oxalate borate).

[0020] In the construction of all-solid-state polymer electrolytes, the linear portion of the superplasticizer molecule intertwines with the macromolecular lithium-conducting backbone to form a film. Its branched structure, while plasticizing the macromolecular chain segments, also provides appropriate steric hindrance, effectively limiting the orientation of the ordered lithium-conducting polymer segments and thus inhibiting composite film crystallization. Furthermore, the ionic liquid groups at the end groups of the branched superplasticizer molecule effectively replace the easily oxidized terminal hydroxyl groups of the original polymer under high pressure, improving interfacial stability. Unlike traditional linear homopolymer ionic liquids, branched polyionic liquids have a more random chain arrangement and poorer crystallinity. Therefore, while improving the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte, they do not reduce molecular mobility due to their own crystallization.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Applying the polyionic liquid superplasticizer molecule with a composite topology provided by this invention to the construction of all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membranes can significantly improve their room-temperature lithium conductivity and interface stability without sacrificing the membrane's mechanical strength. The composite all-solid-state electrolyte membrane can achieve a room-temperature lithium-ion conductivity of up to 9.2 × 10⁻⁶. -5 The superplasticizer, with a ratio of S / cm, can be applied to all-solid-state lithium batteries, enabling them to exhibit excellent room-temperature cycling and rate performance. It can also be matched with high-voltage cathode materials to construct high-energy-density polymer battery systems. The preparation process of this superplasticizer is simple, and the composite topology and end-group composition can be controlled by adjusting the amount of active branched monomers and changing the ionic liquid precursor. When combined with a casting and coating process, it can effectively solve the major bottleneck of room-temperature ion conduction difficulties in polymer all-solid-state batteries, showing broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, obtaining other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort still falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 L1H1IL 1-1’ and the corresponding 1H NMR spectrum of the raw materials;

[0024] Figure 2 The conductivity of PEO-based polymer electrolytes was prepared for samples with different superplasticizers;

[0025] Figure 3 For L x H y IL z-z’ Synthesis diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] For ease of explanation, in the following embodiments, the polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology described in this invention will be referred to simply as L. x H y IL z-z’ In this context, L, H, and IL represent the linear main chain of lithium-conducting polyethylene oxide, the branched structure of polyglycidyl ether, and the terminal polyionic liquid group, respectively, while x, y, and z-z' are distinguishing codes for different components and molecular weights.

[0028] Example 1 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 1-1 Preparation

[0029] Under argon protection, 2 g of PEG (number average molecular weight 10,000) was dissolved in 20 mL of anhydrous methanol. 0.1 molar equivalent of potassium methoxide was added to the PEG hydroxyl groups, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to deprotonate. The solvent was then completely evaporated. The system temperature was raised to 95°C. o C. Using a syringe, add 20 mL of anhydrous diethylene glycol dimethyl ether to the system. After the deprotonated PEG has fully dissolved, slowly add 0.1 g of freshly distilled glycidyl ether dropwise to the system. After the addition is complete, maintain a 95°C environment. o The reaction was carried out overnight at C, the system was cooled to room temperature, the reaction was quenched with methanol, and after ion exchange, the composite topological structure superplasticizer L1H1 was obtained.

[0030] 2.0 g of L1H1 was dissolved in 20 mL of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide, and 2 molar equivalents of triethylamine were added. A succinic anhydride solution (2 molar equivalents of hydroxyl group) dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide was slowly added dropwise at a certain rate under room temperature and an argon atmosphere. After the addition was completed, the mixture was heated to 80 degrees Celsius and reacted for 24 hours. The product was cooled to room temperature, dialyzed with ethanol for 2 days, and then evaporated to dryness to obtain the carboxylated polymer L1H1-COOH.

[0031] 2.0 g of L1H1-COOH was dissolved in a 10-fold excess of epichlorohydrin and anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide mixed solution (epoxychlorohydrin to N,N-dimethylacetamide volume ratio 1:1). The reaction was carried out overnight at 100 degrees Celsius under argon protection. The product was dialyzed with ethanol for two days and then evaporated to dryness to obtain the chloropropylated polymer L1H1-Cl.

[0032] 1.0 g of L1H1-Cl was dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide. A certain amount of N-methylimidazolium was added dropwise under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 60°C for 12 hours. The product was precipitated with acetone and dried under vacuum to obtain L1H1IL1, a polybutylimidazolium ionic liquid superplasticizer with a chloride ion as the anion. Subsequently, the product was dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water, and an aqueous solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) with an equimolar amount of chloride ions was slowly added dropwise. A yellow precipitate was observed to form. The precipitate was collected by suction filtration and repeatedly washed with deionized water, then dried under vacuum to obtain product L1H1IL1. 1-1 .

[0033] Example 2 Superplasticizer L2H1IL 1-1 Preparation

[0034] Unlike Example 1, the PEG molecular weight used in this example is 100,000. The rest of the process and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0035] Example 3 Superplasticizer L1H2IL 1-1 Preparation

[0036] Unlike Example 1, the amount of glycidol added in this example is 0.4 g. The rest of the process and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] Example 4 Superplasticizer L1H3IL 1-1 Preparation

[0038] Unlike Example 1, the amount of glycidol added in this example is 0.8 g. The rest of the process and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0039] Example 5 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 1-2 Preparation

[0040] Unlike Example 1, this example uses lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate as the lithium salt in the polyionic liquid anion exchange process. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] Example 6 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 2-1 Preparation

[0042] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is pyridine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0043] Example 7 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 3-1 Preparation

[0044] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is N-butylpyrrolidine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0045] Example 8 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 4-1 Preparation

[0046] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0047] Example 9 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 5-1 Preparation

[0048] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is N-butylmorpholine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0049] Example 10 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 6-1 Preparation

[0050] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is N-butylpiperidine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0051] Example 11 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 7-1 Preparation

[0052] Unlike Example 1, the ionic liquid precursor used in this example for constructing the terminal ionic liquid structure is tripropylphosphine. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0053] Example 12 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 8-1 Preparation

[0054] Unlike Example 1, this example uses triethylamine as the ionic liquid precursor in the construction of the terminal ionic liquid structure. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] Example 13 Superplasticizer L1H1IL 3-3 Preparation

[0056] Unlike Example 7, this example uses lithium perchlorate as the lithium salt in the polyionic liquid anion exchange process. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 7, and will not be repeated here.

[0057] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of Superplasticizer L1H1

[0058] Unlike Example 1, this comparative example does not involve subsequent end-group modification or anion exchange processes during the synthesis of the superplasticizer. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of Superplasticizer L1H1IL1

[0060] Unlike Example 1, this comparative example does not involve a subsequent anion exchange process during the synthesis of the superplasticizer. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0061] Comparative Example 3: Superplasticizer L1IL 1-1 Preparation

[0062] Unlike Example 1, this comparative example does not involve anionic ring-opening polymerization during the synthesis of superplasticizer. The remaining processes and parameters are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] Test Example 1: Chemical composition characterization (NMR, IR) of a synthetic superplasticizer sample.

[0064] The functional group composition, molecular weight, and branching degree of the synthesized superplasticizer were analyzed using liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR test results for some example samples and raw materials are shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0065] As shown in the figure, compared with the branched-modified superplasticizer raw material L1H1, the hydrogen signal peaks of the main carbon skeleton of the other two samples were significantly narrower, indicating a significant enhancement in molecular mobility. The L1H1-Cl sample showed new broad peaks at 4.1 ppm and 2.5 ppm, corresponding to the methylene hydrogen signal peaks in the methylene and succinic acid segments of the epichlorohydrin molecular skeleton after grafting epichlorohydrin, respectively, indicating successful end-group modification of L1H1. L1H1IL 1-1 The sample showed a relatively obvious peak split at 2.8 ppm, and the newly generated peak was the methylene signal peak connected to the imidazole group.

[0066] Test Example 2: Preparation of a composite all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membrane comprising the products of the above examples.

[0067] The composite all-solid-state electrolyte membrane was prepared by the following method:

[0068] (1) A solid-state electrolyte membrane was prepared by physical blending solution casting and coating method. The electrolyte membrane consists of a polymer lithium-conducting matrix and a lithium salt. The polymer lithium-conducting matrix consists of a high molecular weight lithium-conducting backbone (molecular weight 1,000,000 PEO) and a polyionic liquid superplasticizer.

[0069] (2) Weigh 0.276 g of polyionic liquid superplasticizer, 0.414 g of high molecular weight PEO and 0.25 g of lithium salt and dissolve them in a mixed solution of 3 g acetonitrile and N-methylpyrrolidone. Stir thoroughly at room temperature for 12 h to form a homogeneous polymer electrolyte slurry.

[0070] (3) In a drying room with a relative humidity of less than 20%, the above concentrated solution is poured onto the release paper and quickly coated with a doctor blade to obtain a polymer electrolyte wet film; the wet film is dried by infrared radiation to remove residual solvent and obtain an electrolyte dry film; the electrolyte dry film is hot rolled at a heating environment of 70 °C and a rolling thickness of 100 μm to obtain the desired all-solid polymer electrolyte film.

[0071] Test Example 3: Determination of Ionic Conductivity of Composite All-Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

[0072] A blocking electrode with a stainless steel gasket / all-solid-state composite electrolyte / stainless steel gasket structure was constructed. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and relevant formulas, the ionic conductivity of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte membranes prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was tested at different temperatures. The test results for some examples are shown in Table 1. Figure 2 .

[0073] Table 1. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of composite all-solid-state electrolytes prepared using some of the examples and Comparative Example 1.

[0074]

[0075] The test results show that the room temperature ionic conductivity of the all-solid polymer electrolyte prepared with the superplasticizer in Example 3 exceeds 1.26 × 10⁻⁶. -4 The S / cm conductivity is more than 10 times higher than that of the comparative example containing a traditional plasticizer, and its ionic conductivity at different temperatures is also higher than that of the comparative example, indicating strong practical application value. Furthermore, comparison with other embodiments shows that the superplasticizer topology and end-group polyionic liquid groups can significantly affect its plasticizing and lithium-conducting performance. Composite solid electrolyte membranes prepared using polymers within the scope defined by this invention, different types of superplasticizers, and different component ratios all exhibit high ionic conductivity.

[0076] Test Example 4: Room Temperature Charge-Discharge Performance Test of Composite All-Solid Electrolyte Membrane

[0077] The composite all-solid-state electrolyte membrane prepared above was assembled into a lithium iron phosphate / Li metal half-cell and its charge-discharge cycle performance at 0.1 C at room temperature was tested. The charge-discharge performance of some examples and comparative examples is shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2. Cycle performance tests of lithium iron phosphate / Li batteries assembled from composite solid electrolyte membranes in some examples and comparative examples.

[0079]

[0080] As can be seen from the table, the lithium iron phosphate solid-state full battery assembled with the organic composite all-solid-state electrolyte prepared using the superplasticizer molecules synthesized in this invention has higher capacity, better capacity retention and higher coulombic efficiency than the comparative electrolyte.

[0081] The above description discloses only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology, characterized in that: The superplasticizer comprises a main chain backbone and branched structures modified with different end groups; the main chain backbone is polyethylene oxide; the branched structure is branched polyglycidyl; The different end-group modifications are ionic liquid groups composed of different anions and organic cations; The preparation method of the superplasticizer specifically includes three steps: synthesis of composite structure polymer, hydroxyl modification, and modification of polyionic liquid groups; The hydroxyl modification step can be divided into two steps: carboxylation and chloropropylation. Specifically, the synthesized composite polymer is first dissolved in a certain volume of anhydrous polar aprotic solvent, a certain amount of acid-binding agent triethylamine is added, and succinic anhydride solution is slowly added dropwise at room temperature and under an inert gas atmosphere. After the addition is completed, the mixture is heated to react for a period of time, and the product is dialyzed with ethanol and then evaporated to dryness. The carboxylated polymer is dissolved in a mixed solution of multiple times excess epichlorohydrin and anhydrous polar aprotic solvent, and reacted at high temperature overnight under inert gas protection. The product is dialyzed with ethanol and then evaporated to dryness to obtain the chloropropylated polymer. The above-mentioned anhydrous polar aprotic solvent is one of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The ratio of the polymer to the solvent is 1:10 to 1:

40. The succinic anhydride solution uses the same solvent as the polymer. The carboxylation reaction temperature is 60 to 100 degrees Celsius.

2. The polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anion is selected from one of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl), trifluoromethanesulfonyl, perchlorate, difluorooxalateborate, and dioxalateborate.

3. The polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic cation is selected from one of N-methylimidazolium cation, pyridyl cation, n-butylpyrrole cation, guanidinium cation, N-n-butylmorpholinium cation, N-n-butylpiperidinium cation, tripropylphosphine cation, and triethylammonium cation.

4. A method for preparing a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: It includes three steps: synthesis of composite polymers, hydroxyl modification, and modification of polyionic liquid groups.

5. The method for preparing a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The synthesis steps of the composite structure polymer include three processes: preparation of macromolecular initiator, ring-opening polymerization of active anion, and polymerization termination and purification. Specifically, Lewis bases are first used to partially deprotonate polyethylene oxide of different molecular weights to prepare macromolecular initiators, which then initiate ring-opening polymerization of different amounts of glycidyl monomers, and finally, a polymer with a composite structure is obtained through proton exchange. The molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide is between 1,000 and 2,000,000, and the amount of Lewis base added is 0.05 to 1 of the molar equivalent of the hydroxyl groups added to the polymer; the amount of the glycidyl monomer added is 10% to 100% of the mass of the deprotonated polymer added.

6. The method for preparing a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polyionic liquid group modification step can be divided into two steps: end-group ionic liquid structure construction and anion exchange. Specifically, the chloropropylated polymer is dissolved in a certain amount of anhydrous solvent, a certain amount of ionic liquid precursor is added dropwise under an inert gas atmosphere, the reaction is stirred at a certain temperature for a certain time, the product is precipitated with acetone and vacuum dried to obtain a polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topological structure using chloride ions as an anion; subsequently, the product obtained in the above step is dissolved in a certain amount of deionized water, and an aqueous solution of a specific lithium salt with an equimolar equivalent of chloride ions is slowly added dropwise, and precipitation is observed; the precipitate is collected by suction filtration and repeatedly washed with deionized water, and vacuum dried to obtain the polyionic liquid superplasticizer; The anhydrous solvent is one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone. The ionic liquid precursor is one or more of N-methylimidazolium, pyridine, N-butylpyrrolidine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylguanidine, N-butylmorpholine, N-butylpiperidine, tripropylphosphine, and triethylamine. The specific lithium salt is one or more of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, and lithium bis(oxalate borate).

7. A polyionic liquid superplasticizer with a composite topology as described in any one of claims 1-3, applied to the preparation of an all-solid polymer electrolyte membrane.

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