Mechanical method vertical tunneling subway piston wind well arrangement method

Abstract

The application provides a mechanical vertical tunneling subway piston wind shaft arrangement method, comprising the following steps: S1, prefabricating a pipe piece and assembling the prefabricated pipe piece into a circular pipe piece; S2, vertically tunneling by using a mechanical method, and gradually assembling the assembled circular pipe piece downward according to the tunneling condition until the tunneling and assembling reach the design depth, so that a circular pipe cylinder is formed; S3, performing horizontal channel construction by using a mechanical method or a concealed excavation method, and connecting the circular pipe cylinder after the assembly in S2 with a subway interval by using the horizontal channel; S4, performing the internal structure construction of the piston wind shaft layer by layer from bottom to top in the circular pipe cylinder; and S5, completing the mechanical and electrical and outdoor recovery work. The application adopts the mechanical vertical tunneling method, does not need to set a support, has a high construction speed, can effectively shorten the construction period, has a flexible piston wind shaft setting, is not limited by a station position, has a strong adaptability, can reduce the construction difficulty, and reduces the engineering investment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of civil engineering technology for underground stations in urban rail transit projects, specifically relating to a mechanical method for arranging piston ventilation shafts in vertical tunneling subways. Background Technology

[0002] According to Section 13.2.1 of the Metro Design Code GB50157-2013, "Normal ventilation in tunnel sections should be achieved using piston ventilation. When piston ventilation cannot meet the requirements for removing residual heat or when it is difficult to arrange piston ducts, a mechanical ventilation system should be installed."

[0003] Subway stations typically have piston ventilation shafts at both ends of the station. The conventional arrangement is to have double piston shafts on both sides of the station, with a distance of no less than 5 meters between the piston ventilation shafts. When the station is shallow and there are few surrounding control factors, the layout of piston ventilation shafts is relatively convenient. However, when the station is deep and the surrounding conditions are complex, the layout of piston ventilation shafts is significantly affected, requiring open-cut construction. There are also many surrounding constraints, such as buildings, major pipelines, crossings of railway stations, airports, and lakes. This slows down the station construction progress, makes coordination difficult, and leads to problems such as long construction periods and low construction efficiency, affecting the overall project schedule. In addition, the impact range of piston ventilation on sensitive buildings in the environmental impact assessment is 15m. In practice, the station location is often adjusted or the length of the main station structure is increased due to the spacing issues in the environmental impact assessment, resulting in high demolition and relocation costs and large project investments. When piston ventilation shafts are arranged inside a standard station, the piston ventilation is laid flat, with a length of about 40m from the station to the outdoor ventilation duct. It needs to be divided into main and auxiliary construction. The piston ventilation equipment is arranged horizontally, and the scale of the station auxiliary is large, occupying a lot of land. Inter-station ventilation shafts are generally buried at greater depths and are conventionally constructed using the open-cut method. The retaining wall is constructed first, and the main structure is constructed after excavation. The construction period is long and has a significant impact on the entire line.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN109139079A discloses a subway tunnel ventilation system, including a station tunnel ventilation device. The station tunnel ventilation device includes a first and second exhaust shaft located at both ends of the station, a first and second rail-top hot air duct located on both sides of the station tunnel, a first exhaust duct connecting the first exhaust shaft and the first rail-top hot air duct, a second exhaust duct connecting the second exhaust shaft and the second rail-top hot air duct, and an exhaust chamber installed on the station platform. The exhaust chamber is connected to either the first or second rail-top hot air duct. This subway tunnel ventilation system is simple in structure, easy to implement, and easy to control and adjust, while ensuring the reliability of the ventilation system. However, this scheme also involves arranging piston shafts on both sides of the station. This arrangement is limited in construction and difficult when the surrounding environment of the subway is complex and there are many constraints. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a mechanical method for vertical tunneling of subway piston shafts, which eliminates the need for retaining structures, allows for rapid construction, effectively shortens the construction period, provides flexible piston shaft placement that is not limited by station location, has strong adaptability, and reduces construction difficulty.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for arranging piston ventilation shafts in vertical tunneling of subways using mechanical methods includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Prefabricate the tunnel segments and assemble them into circular tunnel segments;

[0009] S2. Vertical tunneling is carried out using mechanical methods, and the assembled circular segments are gradually assembled downwards according to the tunneling progress until the design depth is reached to form a circular tube.

[0010] S3. Construct the transverse passage using mechanical or tunneling methods to connect the assembled circular tube in S2 to the subway section.

[0011] S4. Complete the construction of the internal structure of the piston ventilation shaft layer by layer from bottom to top inside the circular tube;

[0012] S5. Complete the electromechanical and outdoor restoration work.

[0013] Further, in step S4, the internal structure includes a ground floor and several underground floors. The ground floor includes a green area and piston ventilation shafts raised above the ground. The underground floors include at least a layer of piston ventilation holes and mechanical ventilation holes distributed and connected from top to bottom, a fan equipment support layer, a fan valve support layer, and a duct layer. The duct layer is connected to the subway section via a transverse passage. Both the ground floor and the underground floors are equipped with vertically coordinated evacuation staircases, and the ground floor is combined with the evacuation staircases to house the ground fan room. Independently installed piston ventilation shafts offer flexible placement, are not limited by station location, and are highly adaptable. This reduces the size of the station's main structure and ancillary facilities. It also makes reasonable use of the burial depth, vertically arranging the piston ventilation equipment, resulting in a smaller overall land area usage, promoting intensive development and improving land utilization. Furthermore, it is suitable for the needs of inter-station ventilation shafts, solving the problem of difficult construction of inter-station ventilation shafts and meeting the emergency ventilation needs of the inter-station. The ground floor, combined with the piston ventilation shafts through the green area, allows for rapid restoration of the ground landscape and roads, reducing the impact of installing piston ventilation shafts on the surrounding environment.

[0014] Furthermore, the piston vent and mechanical vent layer includes a first piston vent, a second piston vent, a first mechanical vent, and a second mechanical vent. The first piston vent and the first mechanical vent constitute group A ducts, and the second piston vent and the second mechanical vent constitute group B ducts. Groups A and B ducts are located in two semicircles, each merging into a single vent and connecting to a piston ventilation shaft on the ground floor. The orientation of group A and group B ducts varies depending on the layout conditions. When the distance between the two lines is large, group A and group B ducts each connect to one subway section, i.e., the piston ventilation shaft is arranged in a vertical single-circle configuration. When the distance between the two lines is small, group A and group B ducts jointly connect to the same subway section, i.e., the piston ventilation shaft is arranged in a vertical double-circle configuration. This arrangement is flexible, not limited by station location, highly adaptable, and suitable for implementing inter-line ventilation shafts. It effectively reduces coordination difficulties and demolition costs, ensures construction schedule, and allows for the selection of areas unaffected by environmental impact assessments to install piston ventilation shafts, thus reducing project investment.

[0015] Furthermore, when the distance between the two subway lines is large, the circular tube is located between the two subway sections. Each of the two subway sections is connected to the ventilation duct layer of the circular tube through a transverse passage. A partition wall with a two-way opening fireproof door is set in the middle of the ventilation duct layer. The partition wall extends upward through several underground levels, and its two sides correspond to the A group ventilation duct and the B group ventilation duct, respectively. The piston air of the A group ventilation duct and the B group ventilation duct are directly connected to one side of the subway section. The mechanical air is provided with a wind chamber near the center of each section, and a two-way air valve is installed in the wall between the two wind chambers to meet the requirement of mutual backup of mechanical air. When the distance between the two subway lines is large, a vertical single circular subway piston ventilation shaft layout scheme is adopted. The A and B group ventilation ducts each connect to one subway section. The layout of the piston ventilation shaft is not restricted by various factors such as station location and surrounding environment. Double piston ventilation shafts can be set up in suitable site conditions within the subway section. It is compact, economical, flexible in layout, and easy to construct.

[0016] Furthermore, the ground floor piston ventilation shafts include two sets, which are symmetrically arranged near the edge of the circular pipe segment. The green area is sandwiched between the two sets of piston ventilation shafts. The evacuation staircase is distributed to the left and right of the two sets of piston ventilation shafts and the green area. The first piston air hole and the second piston air hole are symmetrically arranged, and each of them includes a small semi-circular air outlet and a trapezoidal air outlet. The first mechanical air hole and the second mechanical air hole are both square air outlets that fit into the small semi-circular air outlet and the trapezoidal air outlet. An inspection passage is set between the A and B sets of air ducts. The partition wall passes through the inspection passage on this floor and is equipped with an inspection door. The inspection passage connects to the evacuation staircase on this floor. The evacuation staircase on this floor has an overall burial depth of more than 10m and is equipped with an anteroom. The A and B sets of air ducts on this floor are each merged into one air outlet and connected to the two sets of piston ventilation shafts respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, when the distance between the two lines is small, a circular tube is installed on each side of the two subway sections. Each subway section is connected to its corresponding circular tube via a transverse passage. Both the A-group and B-group ventilation ducts are connected to the corresponding subway section. When the distance between the two lines is also small, a vertical double-circular subway piston ventilation shaft layout is adopted. Both the A-group and B-group ventilation ducts within a single circular tube are connected to the same subway section. The layout of the piston ventilation shaft is not constrained by station location or surrounding environment. Two circular tubes can be installed within the subway section at suitable site conditions to implement piston ventilation between the two lines. This layout is flexible, adaptable, and easy to construct.

[0018] Furthermore, the green area on the ground floor is arranged in a circular shape, with the piston ventilation shaft located within the inner circle of the circular green area. The evacuation staircase is located at the inner edge of the piston ventilation shaft. The first and second mechanical ventilation holes are located within two adjacent quarter-circles, both of which are square air vents. The first and second piston ventilation holes are located within the remaining two quarter-circles, and both are similar in shape to the quarter-circles. The A and B sets of air ducts merge into one air vent on this floor and connect to the piston ventilation shaft. In the vertical double-circle subway piston ventilation shaft layout scheme, the evacuation staircase is preferably a steel ladder with a protective cage to meet daily maintenance needs.

[0019] Furthermore, both the fan equipment support layer and the fan valve support layer include horizontal floor slabs connected to the circular pipe, through which the fan equipment is supported. The fan is vertically installed with two fans serving as backups for each other, making reasonable use of the burial depth, minimizing overall land use, promoting intensive development, and improving land utilization.

[0020] Furthermore, this also includes substations located on the ground. When the same underground section is too long and two trains are running simultaneously, additional ventilation shafts are required to meet the emergency ventilation needs of the section. If the ventilation shafts are far from the station, it is necessary to consider adding substations. Considering equipment layout conditions and flood prevention requirements, placing the substations on the ground saves investment and facilitates maintenance. When conditions are favorable, a vertical single-circle layout for the ventilation shafts should be given priority. When conditions are difficult, a vertical double-circle layout can be considered. This layout is flexible, adaptable, and can solve the problem of difficult construction of ventilation shafts.

[0021] Furthermore, the piston ventilation shaft is at least 1 meter above the ground.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] This invention uses a mechanical method for vertical tunneling, eliminating the need for retaining walls, resulting in fast construction speed and effectively shortening the construction period. The piston ventilation shaft is flexible in its placement, not limited by station location, and highly adaptable, which can reduce construction difficulty and project investment. The mechanical construction method, with prefabricated components in the factory, ensures a high degree of standardization and quality, reducing on-site manual labor and eliminating the need for on-site pouring. This rapid construction significantly shortens the construction period and improves efficiency. The main structure of the piston ventilation shaft is a circular tube formed by combining several circular segments, offering excellent structural flexibility and meeting internal support and load-bearing requirements. No external enclosure is needed, saving on construction time and enclosure investment. The piston ventilation shaft can be installed independently of the station, reducing the size of the station and its ancillary structures. Its flexible location allows for different layouts under various working conditions, facilitating placement in areas unaffected by environmental impact assessments. Choosing a suitable station location effectively reduces coordination difficulties, demolition costs, and project investment, ensuring the construction schedule is met. Utilizing the burial depth and vertically arranging the piston ventilation equipment minimizes overall land use and improves land utilization. Construction in a muddy environment, with underwater concrete sealing, eliminates the need for dewatering, reducing impact on the surrounding ground and ecological environment. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated segment assembly of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical method for vertical tunneling according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the ground layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the piston air hole and mechanical air hole layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the support layer of the wind turbine equipment in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a plan view of the fan valve support layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a plan view of the air duct layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a plan view of the ground layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a plan view of the piston air hole and mechanical air hole layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11This is a plan view of the support layer of the wind turbine equipment in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a plan view of the fan valve support layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 13 This is a plan view of the air duct layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0040] Among them, 1-circular tunnel segment, 2-transverse passage, 3-subway section, 4-ground level, 41-green area, 42-piston ventilation shaft, 5-piston and mechanical ventilation hole layer, 51-first piston ventilation hole, 52-second piston ventilation hole, 53-first mechanical ventilation hole, 54-second mechanical ventilation hole, 55-maintenance passage, 6-fan equipment support layer, 7-fan valve support layer, 8-duct layer, 81-partition wall, 9-evacuation staircase, 10-substation. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but these are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0044] The mechanical method for vertical tunneling of subway piston ventilation shafts, as shown in the figure, includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Precast tunnel segments and assemble them into circular tunnel segment 1. Circular tunnel segment 1 consists of 1 capping block (F), 2 adjacent blocks (L1, L2), and 7 standard blocks (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7), totaling 10 precast tunnel segments (specific dimensions subject to actual needs). Adjacent circular tunnel segments 1 are assembled using a universal wedge-shaped staggered joint. The tunnel segment structure is shown in the diagram below. Figure 1 As shown;

[0046] S2, such as Figure 2 As shown, a shaft tunneling machine is used for vertical excavation of ventilation shafts, etc. The shaft tunneling machine is a fully mechanized equipment that integrates excavation, support and muck removal. The pre-assembled circular segments 1 are gradually assembled downwards according to the excavation situation. The support structure is formed by excavating and assembling the prefabricated segments at the same time until the excavation and assembly reach the design depth to form a circular tube.

[0047] S3. Construct the transverse passage 2 using mechanical or tunneling methods. Connect the assembled circular tube in S2 to the subway section 3 using the transverse passage 2.

[0048] S4. Complete the construction of the internal structure of the piston ventilation shaft layer by layer from bottom to top inside the circular tube;

[0049] S5. Complete the electromechanical and outdoor restoration work.

[0050] Preferably, in step S4, the internal structure includes a ground floor 4 and several underground floors. All four embodiments provided by the present invention are provided with four underground floors. The ground floor 4 includes a green area 41 and a piston ventilation shaft 42 that is above ground level. The underground floor 4 includes a piston ventilation hole and mechanical ventilation hole layer 5 distributed and connected from top to bottom, a fan equipment support layer 6, a fan valve support layer 7, and a duct layer 8. The duct layer 8 is connected to the subway section 3 through a transverse passage 2. The ground floor 4 and several underground floors are provided with evacuation staircases 9 that cooperate with each other. The ground floor 4 is combined with the evacuation staircases 9 of the floor to set up a ground fan room. Independently installed piston ventilation shafts offer flexible placement options, are not limited by station location, and are highly adaptable. This reduces the size of the main station structure and its ancillary facilities. Furthermore, by utilizing the burial depth and vertically arranging the piston ventilation equipment, the overall land area required is minimized, promoting efficient land use and improving land utilization. It is also suitable for inter-station ventilation shaft needs, solving the construction difficulties associated with inter-station ventilation shafts and meeting emergency ventilation requirements within the stations. The ground level can be integrated with the piston ventilation shaft through green areas, quickly restoring the ground landscape and roads, and reducing the impact of installing piston ventilation shafts on the surrounding environment.

[0051] Preferably, the piston air hole and mechanical air hole layer 5 includes a first piston air hole 51, a second piston air hole 52, a first mechanical air hole 53, and a second mechanical air hole 54. The first piston air hole 51 and the first mechanical air hole 52 are group A air ducts, and the second piston air hole 53 and the second mechanical air hole 54 are group B air ducts. Groups A and B air ducts are located in two semicircles and each merges into an air outlet and connects to the piston air shaft 42 of the ground layer 4. The orientation of Group A and Group B ventilation ducts differs depending on the layout conditions. When the distance between the two lines is large, Group A and Group B ventilation ducts each connect to one subway section, meaning the piston ventilation shaft is arranged in a vertical single-circle configuration. When the distance between the two lines is small, Group A and Group B ventilation ducts connect to the same subway section, meaning the piston ventilation shaft is arranged in a vertical double-circle configuration. This flexible setup is not limited by station location and is highly adaptable. It can be applied to the implementation of inter-line ventilation shafts, effectively reducing coordination difficulties and demolition costs, ensuring the construction period, and allowing for the selection of areas unaffected by environmental impact assessments to set up piston ventilation shafts, thereby reducing project investment.

[0052] Embodiment 1 provided by this invention is applicable when the distance between two lines is large, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the circular pipe is located between two subway sections 3. Each subway section 3 is connected to the air duct layer 8 of the circular pipe through a transverse passage 2. A partition wall 81 with a two-way opening fireproof door is set in the middle of the air duct layer 8 to meet the personnel connection needs. Maintenance and emergency evacuation personnel can go directly to the outside through the evacuation staircase 9. The partition wall 81 extends upward through several underground floors, and its two sides correspond to the A group air duct and the B group air duct respectively. The piston air of the A group air duct and the B group air duct are directly connected to one side of the subway section 3. The mechanical air is set in a wind chamber near the center of the circle. The wind chamber is equipped with a wind valve and connected to the section. A two-way wind valve is set in the wall between the two wind chambers to meet the requirement that the mechanical air can be used as backup for each other. When the distance between the two lines is large, a vertical single circular subway piston air shaft layout scheme is adopted. The A and B group air ducts are each connected to one subway section. The layout of the piston air shaft is not restricted by various factors such as station location and surrounding environment. Double piston air shafts can be set up in the subway section according to suitable site conditions. It is compact, economical, flexible in layout, and easy to construct.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, the piston ventilation shaft 42 of the ground layer 4 in Example 1 includes two sets, such as... Figure 3 As shown, two sets of piston ventilation shafts 42 are symmetrically arranged near the edge of the circular pipe segment 1. A green area 41 is sandwiched between the two sets of piston ventilation shafts 42. Evacuation staircases 9 are distributed to the left and right of the two sets of piston ventilation shafts 42 and the green area 41. The first piston ventilation hole 51 and the second piston ventilation hole 52 are symmetrically arranged, each including a small semi-circular vent and a trapezoidal vent. The first mechanical ventilation hole 53 and the second mechanical ventilation hole 54 are both square vents that fit into the small semi-circular vent and the trapezoidal vent. (See [reference]). Figure 4-7A maintenance passage 55 is set between the two groups of air ducts A and B. A partition wall 81 passes through the maintenance passage 55 on this floor and is equipped with a maintenance door. The maintenance passage 55 connects to the evacuation staircase 9 on this floor. The evacuation staircase 9 on this floor has an overall burial depth of more than 10m and is equipped with an anteroom. The two groups of air ducts A and B are each merged into one air outlet on this floor and are respectively connected to the two groups of piston air shafts 42.

[0054] Embodiment 2 provided by the present invention is applicable when the distance between two lines is small, such as... Figure 14 As shown, a circular tube is installed on each side of the two subway sections 3. Each subway section 3 is connected to the corresponding circular tube via a transverse passage 2. Both the A-group and B-group ventilation ducts are connected to the corresponding subway section 3. When the distance between the two lines is small, a vertical double-circular subway piston ventilation shaft layout scheme is adopted. The A and B groups of ventilation ducts in one circular tube are connected to the same subway section. The layout of the piston ventilation shaft is not restricted by various factors such as station location and surrounding environment. Two circular tubes can be set up in suitable sites within the subway section to implement piston ventilation between the two lines. The location is flexible, adaptable, and the construction difficulty is low.

[0055] Preferably, in Example 2, the green area of ​​the ground layer is arranged in a circular shape, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the piston ventilation shaft 42 is arranged in the inner circle of the circular green area 41, and the evacuation staircase 9 is arranged at the inner edge of the piston ventilation shaft 42. The first mechanical ventilation hole 53 and the second mechanical ventilation hole 54 are located in two adjacent quarter circles, and both are square ventilation openings. The first piston ventilation hole 51 and the second piston ventilation hole 52 are respectively located in the remaining two quarter circles, and both are similar in shape to the quarter circles. See [reference needed] Figure 10-13 The two sets of air ducts, A and B, are merged into one air outlet on this floor and connected to piston ventilation shaft 42. In the vertical double-circle subway piston ventilation shaft layout scheme, the evacuation staircase is preferably a steel ladder with a protective cage to meet daily maintenance needs.

[0056] Preferably, both the fan equipment support layer 6 and the fan valve support layer 7 include a horizontal floor slab connected to a circular tube, through which the fan equipment is supported. See also Figure 5-6 , Figure 11-12 The wind turbines are installed vertically, with two turbines serving as backups for each other. This design makes reasonable use of the burial depth, minimizes the overall land area required, promotes intensive development, and improves land utilization.

[0057] Preferably, a substation 10 located on the ground is also included. When the same underground section is too long and two trains are running simultaneously, a ventilation shaft needs to be added to meet the emergency ventilation needs of the section; if the ventilation shaft is far from the station, a substation needs to be considered. Considering equipment layout conditions and flood prevention requirements, placing the substation on the ground saves investment and facilitates maintenance; Example 3 is for situations with better conditions, such as... Figure 15The preferred arrangement for setting up the inter-section ventilation shafts is a vertical single-circle layout. If conditions are difficult, the layout scheme of Example 4 should be used, such as... Figure 16 A vertical double-circle arrangement can be considered for setting up the inter-section ventilation shafts. This arrangement is flexible, adaptable, and can solve the problem of difficult construction of inter-section ventilation shafts.

[0058] Preferably, the piston ventilation shaft 42 is at least 1m above the ground.

[0059] This invention uses a mechanical method for vertical tunneling, eliminating the need for retaining walls, resulting in fast construction speed and effectively shortening the construction period. The piston ventilation shaft is flexible in its placement, not limited by station location, and highly adaptable, which can reduce construction difficulty and project investment. The mechanical construction method, with prefabricated components in the factory, ensures a high degree of standardization and quality, reducing on-site manual labor and eliminating the need for on-site pouring. This rapid construction significantly shortens the construction period and improves efficiency. The main structure of the piston ventilation shaft is a circular tube formed by combining several circular segments, offering excellent structural flexibility and meeting internal support and load-bearing requirements. No external enclosure is needed, saving on construction time and enclosure investment. The piston ventilation shaft can be installed independently of the station, reducing the size of the station and its ancillary structures. Its flexible location allows for different layouts under various working conditions, facilitating placement in areas unaffected by environmental impact assessments. Choosing a suitable station location effectively reduces coordination difficulties, demolition costs, and project investment, ensuring the construction schedule is met. Utilizing the burial depth and vertically arranging the piston ventilation equipment minimizes overall land use and improves land utilization. Construction in a muddy environment, with underwater concrete sealing, eliminates the need for dewatering, reducing impact on the surrounding ground and ecological environment.

[0060] Applicable situations of this invention:

[0061] 1) It can be used in shield tunnel stations to arrange piston ventilation shafts in the tunnel section, reduce the scale of the open-cut part of the station, and use the effective open-cut space for the station's public area and other equipment rooms.

[0062] 2) It can also be used to cross restricted areas such as railways, airports, and lakes, allowing the piston ventilation shaft to be detached from the station and flexibly arranged outside the affected area, reducing project costs, shortening the construction period, reducing construction difficulty, reducing coordination pressure, and effectively saving project investment.

[0063] 3) It is also applicable to the implementation of inter-section ventilation shafts to reduce investment, reduce implementation difficulty, and shorten the construction period.

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the content of this specification should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging piston ventilation shafts in vertical tunneling of subways using mechanical methods, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prefabricate the tube segments and assemble them into a circular tube segment (1). S2. Vertical excavation is carried out using mechanical methods, and the assembled circular segments (1) are gradually assembled downwards according to the excavation situation until the excavation and assembly reach the design depth to form a circular tube. S3. Construct the transverse passage (2) and use the transverse passage (2) to connect the assembled circular tube in S2 with the subway section (3). S4. Complete the construction of the internal structure of the piston ventilation shaft layer by layer from bottom to top inside the circular tube; S5. Complete the electromechanical and outdoor restoration work; In step S4, the internal structure includes a ground floor (4) and several underground floors. The ground floor (4) includes a green area (41) and a piston ventilation shaft (42) that is above ground level. The underground floors include at least a piston ventilation hole and mechanical ventilation hole layer (5) distributed and connected from top to bottom, a fan equipment support layer (6), a fan valve support layer (7), and a duct layer (8). The duct layer (8) is connected to the subway section (3) through a transverse passage (2). The ground floor (4) and several underground floors are equipped with evacuation staircases (9) that cooperate with each other. The ground floor (4) is combined with the evacuation staircases (9) of the floor to set up a ground fan room. The piston air hole and mechanical air hole layer (5) includes a first piston air hole (51), a second piston air hole (52), a first mechanical air hole (53), and a second mechanical air hole (54). The first piston air hole (51) and the first mechanical air hole (53) are group A air ducts, and the second piston air hole (52) and the second mechanical air hole (54) are group B air ducts. The two groups of air ducts A and B are located in two semicircles and each merges into an air outlet and connects to the piston air shaft (42) of the ground layer (4). When the distance between the two lines is large, the circular tube is located between the two subway sections (3). The two subway sections (3) are connected to the circular tube through a transverse passage (2). A partition wall (81) with a two-way opening fireproof door is set in the middle of the air duct layer (8). The partition wall (81) extends upward through several underground floors and its two sides correspond to the A group air duct and the B group air duct respectively. The piston air of the A group air duct and the B group air duct are directly connected to one side of the subway section (3). The mechanical air is set with a wind chamber near the center and a two-way air valve is set in the wall between the two wind chambers. The piston ventilation shafts (42) of the ground floor (4) include two sets, which are symmetrically arranged near the edge of the circular tube segment (1). The green area (41) is sandwiched between the two sets of piston ventilation shafts (42). The evacuation staircase (9) is distributed to the left and right of the two sets of piston ventilation shafts (42) and the green area (41). The first piston ventilation hole (51) and the second piston ventilation hole (52) are symmetrically arranged, and each of them includes a small semi-circular air outlet and a trapezoidal air outlet. The first mechanical air hole (53) and the second mechanical air hole (54) are both square air holes that fit into the small semi-circular air hole and the trapezoidal air hole. An inspection passage (55) is set between the two groups of air ducts A and B. The partition wall (81) passes through the inspection passage (55) on this floor and is equipped with an inspection door. The inspection passage (55) is connected to the evacuation staircase (9) on this floor. The two groups of air ducts A and B are each merged into one air hole on this floor and are respectively connected to two groups of piston air shafts (42).

2. The mechanical vertical tunneling method for subway piston ventilation shaft layout according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the distance between the two lines is small, a circular tube is set on each side of the two subway sections (3). The two subway sections (3) are connected to the corresponding circular tube through a transverse channel (2). The piston air of the A group air duct and the B group air duct are connected to the subway section (3) on that side.

3. The mechanical vertical tunneling method for subway piston ventilation shaft layout according to claim 2, characterized in that: The green area (41) of the ground floor (4) is arranged in a circular shape. The piston ventilation shaft (42) is arranged in the inner circle of the circular green area (41). The evacuation staircase (9) is arranged at the inner edge of the piston ventilation shaft (42). The first mechanical ventilation hole (53) and the second mechanical ventilation hole (54) are located in two adjacent quarter circles and both are square ventilation openings. The first piston ventilation hole (51) and the second piston ventilation hole (52) are located in the remaining two quarter circles and both are similar in shape to the quarter circle. The two sets of air ducts A and B are merged into one ventilation opening on this floor and connected to the piston ventilation shaft (42).

4. The mechanical vertical tunneling method for subway piston ventilation shaft layout according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The fan equipment support layer (6) and the fan valve support layer (7) both include a horizontal floor slab connected to a circular tube, through which the fan equipment is supported.

5. The mechanical vertical tunneling method for subway piston ventilation shaft layout according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: It also includes substations located on the ground (10).

6. The mechanical vertical tunneling method for subway piston ventilation shaft layout according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The piston ventilation shaft (42) is at least 1m above the ground.

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